Zvinodiwa zvevhiza rekushanda muNetherlands zvinoenderana nechimwe chinhu pamberi pechimwe chinhu: rudzi rwako. Vagari vemuEU, EEA neSwitzerland vanogona kugara nekushanda pano vasina mvumo. Vamwe vese vanoda mvumo yekugara inobvumira basa, uye vazhinji vavo vanonyorera mvumo iyoyo nevanoshandira, kwete nemushandi. Kana uchikodzera, tanga watanga nzira: chirongwa chevatorwa vane hunyanzvi hwepamusoro uye EU Blue Card zvinotungamirwa nemari, nepo dzimwe nzira dzichiedza basa, nzvimbo yekutsvagisa kana chirongwa chebhizinesi.
Ndiani anoda mvumo uye ndiani asingade mvumo
Mutemo wekutamira kuNetherlands unoparadzanisa vanonyorera kuita mapoka maviri, uye mubvunzo wese unoshanda unobva paboka rauri. Mitemo yevagari vemunyika yechitatu yakanyorwa muMutemo weAliens 2000 (Vreemdelingenwet 2000) uye Mutemo weForeign Nationals Employment Act (Wet arbeid vreemdelingen), uye inoshandiswa neImmigration and Naturalisation Service (IND) uye, kune mamwe marezenisi, neEmployee Insurance Agency (UWV).
Vagari vemunyika iri nhengo yeEU kana EEA uye yeSwitzerland vanoshandisa kodzero yekufamba vakasununguka. Havadi mvumo yekugara kana mvumo yebasa, mushandirwi wavo haadi mvumo, uye vanogona kutora chero basa rakafanana neremugari weDutch. Kunyoresa nekanzuru kuchiri kudiwa kana kugara kwapfuura mwedzi mina, uye kunyoresa ikoko kunoita kuti nhamba yebasa remugari (burgerservicenummer, BSN) pasina iyo isingakwanise kubhadharwa, kupihwa inishuwarenzi kana kubhadhariswa mutero nemazvo.
Vagari vemunyika yechitatu vanoda mvumo yekugara inobvumira kushanda, uye mushandirwi anowanzodawo mvumo. Kune zvinhu zvitatu zvikuru. Pasi pechirongwa chevafambi vane hunyanzvi hwepamusoro uye EU Blue Card, mvumo yekugara pachayo ine kodzero yekushanda, uye hapana mvumo yebasa yakasiyana inodiwa, chero bedzi mushandirwi ari mutsigiri anozivikanwa. Pabasa risingakodzeri seane hunyanzvi hwepamusoro, mushandirwi anonyorera mvumo imwe chete yekugara nekushanda (gecombineerde vergunning voor verblijf en arbeid, GVVA), iyo UWV inoongorora chinzvimbo chemusika wevashandi. Kwekugara kwemwedzi isingasviki mitatu, kana kana mushandi atova nemvumo yekugara kune chimwe chinangwa, mushandirwi anonyorera mvumo yebasa yakasiyana (tewerkstellingsvergunning, TWV) kubva kuUWV.
Musiyano uyu unokosha nekuti nzira dzeGVVA neTWV dzine bvunzo yemusika wevashandi. UWV inongobvumidza basa chete kana pasina munhu akakodzera aripo muNetherlands kana muEEA yakakura, zvinoreva kuti nzvimbo yacho inofanira kunge yakanyoreswa uye yakashambadzirwa zvechokwadi kwenguva yakatarwa isati yasvika chikumbiro. Kurambwa kwechikonzero ichi kwakajairika uye ndicho chikonzero nei vashandirwi vazhinji vanosvika panzira yevatorwa vane hunyanzvi hwepamusoro kwavanogona. Chirongwa chevatorwa vane hunyanzvi hwepamusoro neEU Blue Card hazvina bvunzo yemusika wevashandi zvachose, izvo chaizvo zvinoita kuti vakwezve.
Mutsigiri anozivikanwa: chinhu chimwe chete chinonyanya kukosha
Kune nzira zhinji dzebasa, chikumbiro hachiitwe nemunhu anobva kune imwe nyika. Chinoitwa nemushandirwi, uyo anofanira kunge akanyoreswa neIND semutsigiri anozivikanwa (erkend referent). Kuzivikanwa kunopihwa kana chikumbiro chaitwa, mushure mekunge IND yaongorora kuenderera mberi kwebhizinesi uye kugona kwaro kushanda uye kuvimbika kwekambani nevanhu vari shure kwayo, uye inobhadhariswa mari yegore negore.
Kuzivikanwa kunounza mabhenefiti maviri anoshanda. IND inotarisa zvikumbiro kubva kuvatsigiri vanozivikanwa zvichibva pane zvakataurwa nemutsigiri pachake, kusvika pari zvino magwaro mashoma ekutsigira anofanira kuendeswa pachine nguva, uye zvisarudzo zvinouya nekukurumidza kupfuura mutemo wepamusoro. Mukutsinhana, mutsigiri anotora mabasa anoenderera mberi: chisungo chekuzivisa IND nezve shanduko dzakakodzera, dzakadai sekugumira kwebasa kana shanduko yemuhoro, basa rekutarisira rinoda kuti faira richengetwe kwemakore mashanu mushure mekunge basa rapera, uye basa rekutarisira mushandi. Kutyora mabasa iwayo kunogona kutungamira ku faindi yekutonga, kubviswa kweruzivo, uye kubviswa kwemvumo yekugara yevashandi vanotsigirwa.
Kune mushandi izvi zvine mhedzisiro isingafadzi: kugara kwako kwakabatana nemushandirwi wako. Kana ukachinja mabasa, mushandirwi mutsva anofanira kunge ari mutsigiri anozivikanwa uye chikumbiro chitsva chinodiwa usati watanga. Kana ukadzingwa basa kana kusiya basa, IND inofanira kuziviswa uye mvumo ichabviswa, zvichienderana nenguva yekutsvaga inotsanangurwa pazasi. Kutarisa kuti mushandirwi angangove aripo here murejista yeruzhinji yeIND yevatsigiri vanozivikanwa chiitiko chemaminitsi mashanu chinodzivisa matambudziko makuru.
Ndeipi mvumo inokodzera mamiriro ako ezvinhu
Netherlands haina vhiza rimwe chete rekushanda. Inoshandisa zvinangwa zvakasiyana zvekugara, chimwe nechimwe chine mamiriro acho, uye kusarudza chisiri icho ndicho chikonzero chinowanzoita kuti chikumbiro chisaenderane nacho. Tafura iri pazasi inoratidza nzira dzinoenderana nemafomu ese ekunyorera mabasa.
| Nzira | Inoitirwa ani uye inoedza chii |
|---|---|
| Munhu ane hunyanzvi hwakanyanya (kennismigrant) | Vashandi vanotorwa nevanotsigirwa nevanozivikanwa. Kukodzera kunoedzwa zvakanyanya pamuhoro wepamwedzi, nechikamu chidiki chevanonyorera vari pasi pemakore makumi matatu uye kune vachangopedza kudzidza kuzvikoro zvekuNetherlands. Hapana chinodiwa chedhipuroma uye hapana bvunzo yemusika wevashandi. |
| EU Blue Kadhi | Vashandi vane hunyanzvi hwepamusoro vane chitupa chedzidzo yepamusoro chemakore matatu kana kupfuura, kana ruzivo rwakafanana rwebasa mumabasa eICT. Muganho wemuhoro wakakwira, asi zvinovaka kodzero dzekutamira kune imwe nyika iri nhengo. |
| Munhu anotamisira mari mukati memakambani (ICT) | Mamaneja, nyanzvi nevadzidzi vanotamiswa muboka remakambani kuenda kusangano reDutch, zvichibva pamurairo weEU wekutamiswa kwemakambani. Zvinoda kuti munhu atange ashanda muboka uye nguva yakatarwa. |
| Muongorori | Vaongorori vane chibvumirano chekugamuchira vashandi kubva kusangano rakatenderwa pasi pemirairo yeEU yekutsvagisa nekudzidza. Sangano iri, kwete mushandirwi webhizinesi, rinoshanda semutsigiri. |
| Gore rekudzidzisa (zoekjaar) | Vachangopedza kudzidza kuDutch uye vane dhigirii rekune dzimwe nyika rinokodzera. Vanopa mukana wekuwana basa regore rimwe chete mahara, pasina mubatsiri uye mvumo inodiwa kune mushandirwi. |
| Mvumo yekutanga bhizinesi | Vavambi vebhizinesi idzva, vachishanda nemurairidzi anozivikanwa neNetherlands Enterprise Agency. Vanobvumirwa kwenguva pfupi, mushure mezvo muvambi anofanira kuchinja kuenda kunzira yekuzvishandira. |
| Kuzvishandira | Varidzi vemabhizinesi vasingakodzeri nzira yekutanga bhizinesi. Vanoongororwa vachishandisa system yemapoinzi inofukidza ruzivo rwavo, hurongwa hwebhizinesi uye kukosha kwehupfumi hweDutch, nerubatsiro rwezano kubva kuNetherlands Enterprise Agency. |
| Mvumo imwe chete (GVVA) | Basa risingakodzeri serine hunyanzvi hwepamusoro. Mushandirwi anonyorera, UWV inoisa bvunzo yemusika wevashandi, uye mvumo yacho yakabatana nemushandirwi iyeye nebasa racho. |
Zviviri zveizvi zvinofanirwa kutariswa kechipiri usati wazvipira. Chirongwa chekutama cheDutch chine hunyanzvi hwepamusoro ndiyo nzira inokurumidza uye inochinjika kana muhoro wako ukapfuura mwero, asi inokuvharira kune mutsigiri. Kadhi reBlue reEU rinononoka kuwana uye rinoda chitupa chepamutemo, asi ndiyo sarudzo iri nani kana uchitarisira kushanda munyika dzinopfuura imwe chete, nekuti nguva yekugara pasi peBlue Card inoverengerwa kune chinzvimbo chekugara kwenguva refu muUnion. Vavambi vanofanirwa kuverenga tsamba yedu pamusoro pevhiza yekutanga yevavambi vekune dzimwe nyika vasati vafunga kuti nzira yekuzvishandira ndiyo yega sarudzo. Kuenzanisa kwakazara kwezvikamu kunotsanangurwa muongororo yedu yemamvumo ekushanda eNetherlands.
Mamiriro emuhoro uye kuti unoshandiswa sei chaizvo
Chinodiwa chemuhoro ndechekuti mafomu akawanda evaya vane hunyanzvi hwepamusoro anobudirira kana kuti anokundikana, uye chinoshandiswa sezvazviri kupfuura zvinotarisirwa nevatsva. IND haiyerese hukuru hwako, chikamu chako kana zita rako rebasa zvichienderana nemuhoro. Inotarisa nhamba iri muchibvumirano chako chebasa zvichienderana nechiyero, uye kana nhamba iri pasi payo chikumbiro chinorambwa.
Zviyero zvebasa pachazvo hazvina kugadzwa muchinyorwa chino nechikonzero: zvinogadziriswa nemutemo wehurumende uye zvinoburitswa neIND, zvinowanzo shanda kubva musi wa1 Ndira gore rega rega, uye mari dzakasiyana dzinoshanda kune vanonyorera vane makore makumi matatu zvichikwira, vanonyorera vari pasi pemakore makumi matatu, vakapedza kudzidza vakawana basa mugore ravo rekudzidziswa, vane maBlue Card eEU uye vashandi vakakosha vekambani itsva. Nguva dzose tora nhamba kubva patafura yakaburitswa yeIND yegore rakaiswa chikumbiro, kwete kubva kunzvimbo yekutsvaga vashandi.
Zvinhu zvina zvekushandisa ndizvo zvinonyanya kukonzera matambudziko mukuita.
Mari yose, yakatarwa uye yakavimbiswa. Mari yakatarwa chete, yakabvumiranwa zvakanyorwa uye inobhadharwa pamwedzi inoverengwa. Bhonasi inoenderana nekushanda, mari yekubhadhara kana sarudzo yemugove haiverengerwi pamuganho, zvisinei nekuti inobhadharwa zvakavimbika sei.
Mari yezororo haibatanidzwi otomatiki. Vashandi vekuDutch vane kodzero yekuwana mari yezororo yepamutemo pamusoro pemuhoro. IND inoburitsa zvibvumirano zvisingabatanidzi mari iyoyo, saka chibvumirano chinotora mari yegore negore chinosanganisira mari yezororo chinogona kutaridzika sechinoenderana nezvinodiwa uye chingakundikana.
Basa renguva pfupi harideredzi mwero webasa. Mari yacho imari yemwedzi wega wega uye haideredzwe zvichienderana nezvinodiwa. Chibvumirano chenguva pfupi chinofanira kusvika pahuwandu hwakazara.
Muhoro unofanirwa kuenderana nemusika. Kupfuura mwero webasa, IND inogona kuyedza kana muhoro wacho uchiwanzoitwa pabasa racho nechikamu chacho. Chinzvimbo chepasi chinobhadharwa pamwero webasa muindasitiri umo mabasa akadaro anobhadhara zvishoma chinopa mibvunzo.
Muhoro unofanirawo kuzadzikiswa kwenguva yese yemvumo, kwete chete pazuva rekunyorera. Kana muhoro wako ukawira pasi pemuganho, semuenzaniso nekuti watamira kunzvimbo inobhadharwa mari shoma kana kuderedza maawa ako, mubatsiri anofanira kuuzivisa uye mvumo yacho inogona kubviswa. Kuyambuka muganhu wezera kunobatsira iwe pane kupikisa: kana wangobvumidzwa pasi pemuganho wakaderera wevanonyorera vari pasi pemakore makumi matatu, mari iyoyo yakaderera inoramba ichishanda kubasa iroro.
Maitiro ekunyorera, nhanho nhanho
Zvikumbiro zvizhinji zvebasa zvinoitwa nenzira imwe chete inozivikanwa senzira yekupinda nekugara (Toegang en Verblijf, TEV). Imwe fomu inosanganisira mvumo yekugara kwenguva pfupi inokutendera kuti usvike kuNetherlands, machtiging tot voorlopig verblijf kana MVV, uye mvumo yekugara pachayo. Vagari venyika dzakasiyana siyana havafanirwe kutevedzera zvinodiwa zveMVV uye vanonyorera mvumo yekugara chete.
Kurongeka kwacho kwakajeka kana mabasa acho anyatsojeka. Mushandirwi, semutsigiri anozivikanwa, anoisa chikumbiro kuIND obhadhara mari yepamutemo. IND inochiongorora, uye, kana ari mutsigiri anozivikanwa, inonyanya kuvimba nekuzivisa kwemutsigiri kuti zvinodiwa zvazadzikiswa. Pakubvumidzwa, munyoreri anoda MVV anoitora kubva kuembassy yeDutch kana konsulate munyika yaanogara kana kugara, uye anofanira kuenda kuNetherlands mukati menguva yayo. Mushure mekusvika, munyoreri anonyoresa kumasipala, uyo anoburitsa BSN, uye anoenda kuhofisi yeIND kuti ape biometrics uye atore kadhi remvumo yekugara. Kana zvichidikanwa nerudzi, bvunzo yeTB inofanira kuitwa mushure mekusvika; chisungo chinogamuchirwa nekunyora padanho rekunyorera.
Mupiro wenyu ndiwo magwaro, uye zvakakodzera kutaura chokwadi nezvazvo. Magwaro anoburitswa kunze kwenyika anowanzo fanirwa kunyoreswa zviri pamutemo, kungave kuburikidza neapostille apo nyika iri muApostille Convention kana kuburikidza neconsular legalisation chain kana isiri, uye shanduro yakapika inodiwa kunze kwekunge gwaro racho riri muchiDutch, Chirungu, ChiFrench kana ChiGerman. Kunyoreswa zviri pamutemo idanho rinowanzo wedzera mavhiki kune imwe nguva, nekuti zvinoitika munyika yakabva uye hazvigone kukurumidziswa kubva kuNetherlands.
Faira guru rinowanzova nepasipoti inoshanda kupfuura zuva rekutanga rawakaronga, ine makopi emapeji ese ane ruzivo rwemunhu, zvitambi kana mavhiza; chibvumirano chebasa chakasainwa chinotaura nezvebasa racho uye muhoro wepamwedzi; humbowo hwezvitupa apo nzira yacho inoda, zvakanyoreswa uye zvakashandurwa; chitupa chekare, chiziviso chenhoroondo yemhosva; uye, pazvinoshanda, magwaro ehukama hweveruzhinji akasimbiswa kune nhengo dzemhuri dzinoperekedza.
Zvinotora nguva yakareba sei uye chii chinokonzera kunonoka
IND ine nguva yekutonga yemazuva makumi mapfumbamwe yekunyorera TEV. Muchokwadi, mafomu ekukumbira anotumirwa nemubatsiri anozivikanwa wemutorwa ane hunyanzvi hwepamusoro anowanzo sarudzwa munguva diki yenguva iyoyo, nekuti ongororo chaiyo ishoma. Tora mazuva makumi mapfumbamwe semuganho wepamutemo pane kumirira kunotarisirwa, asi usaronge zuva rekutanga uchifungidzira kuti mhedzisiro yacho inokurumidza.
Nguva yesarudzo inotanga chete kana chikumbiro chakazara chagamuchirwa, uye IND inogona kuimisa apo inenge ichikumbira magwaro asipo. Saka kunonoka kunowanzo kukonzerwa nerubatsiro rwemunyoreri: pasipoti inopera nekukurumidza, diploma richiri kunyoreswa zviri pamutemo, chibvumirano chinotaura nezvepakeji yegore pane muhoro wepamwedzi, kana shanduko yekero isingapfuudzwe. Kana nguva yesarudzo ikapfuura, munyoreri anogona kupa chiziviso chekusaita basa uye, musimboti, kukumbira muripo wechirango chepamutemo, asi muzviitiko zvakajairika kufona kubva kumutsigiri kunoita zvakawanda.
Kana chikumbiro chikarambwa, chisarudzo chacho chisarudzo chehutungamiriri uye chinogona kupikiswa. Munyaya dzekutama kwevanhu, nguva yekupikisa kana kukwidza nyaya imavhiki mana pane nguva yemavhiki matanhatu eGeneral Administrative Law Act. Nguva iyoyo ipfupi uye yakasimba: kuramba kunonoka kunonzi hakugamuchirwi pasina chikonzero chekufunga nezvacho. Kuisa kuramba hakumisikidze kushanda kwesarudzo yacho, saka chikumbiro chakasiyana chekubatsira kwenguva pfupi chingadikanwa.
Kuunza mhuri yako
Mvumo yekugara yebasa ine kodzero yekuti nhengo dzemhuri dzepedyo dzibatane newe, uye mafomu avo anowanzo endeswa pamwe chete newe neanokutsigira mumwe chete. Chikamu ichi chinosanganisira mukadzi kana murume/mukadzi akanyoreswa, murume/mukadzi asina kuroora kana kuroorwa ari muukama hunogara kwenguva refu uye hwakasiyana, nevana vadiki vari vemhuri zvechokwadi. Magwaro anoratidza hukama, akadai semuchato nezvitupa zvekuzvarwa, anofanirwa kuve pamutemo uye kushandurwa nenzira imwecheteyo newe.
Chinhu chakakosha chinoshanda ndechekuti mudiwa ane basa rei. Mvumo yekugara inopihwa mudiwa wemutorwa ane hunyanzvi hwepamusoro kana ane EU Blue Card inobvumira mukana wekupinda mumusika wevashandi pachena: mudiwa anogona kutora chero basa, anogona kushanda semushandi wekusununguka kana kutanga bhizinesi, uye hapana mvumo yemushandirwi inodiwa. Izvozvo zvinobatsira zvikuru kupfuura nzira idzo mudiwa anobatanidzwa neanomutsigira, uye zvakakosha kusimbisa nekunyora kuti ndeipi mvumo ichagamuchirwa nemudiwa asati atamira kumhuri.
Nhengo dzemhuri dzinovimba nemvumo huru. Kana munyoreri mukuru akarasikirwa nekodzero dzekugara, mvumo dzakatorwa dzinokanganiswawo, zvichienderana nemitemo yekuramba uchigara mushure mekugara kwenguva refu, mushure mekuparara kwehukama kana munyaya dzine chekuita nemhirizhonga yemumba. Mamiriro iwayo anoda mazano chaiwo kwete fungidziro.
Chii chinoitika kana basa rako rikapera
Kurasikirwa nebasa rako semutorwa ane hunyanzvi hwakanyanya kwakaoma asi hakuurayi imba yako nekukasika. Mupi webasa anosungirwa kuzivisa IND kuti basa rapera, uye IND ichabvisa mvumo yacho. Mukuita izvi inoshandisa nguva yekutsvaga yemwedzi mitatu kubva pakupera kwebasa, panguva iyo unogona kutsvaga basa idzva kune mupi webasa anozivikanwa. Kana ukawana rimwe mukati menguva iyoyo uye chikumbiro chitsva chikabvumidzwa, imba yako inoramba iripo pasina mukaha.
Zvinhu zviviri zvinorasika nyore nyore. Nguva yekutsvaga inoverengwa kubva pazuva rinopera basa, kwete kubva pazuva iro IND inoshanda, saka kumirira tsamba kunoiparadza. Uye kana basa racho richipera nekubvumirana kuburikidza nechibvumirano chekugadzirisa (vaststellingsovereenkomst), mashoko echibvumirano ichocho nezvezuva rekupedzisira uye nezvezororo remubindu ane chekuita zvakananga nehuwandu hwenguva yekutsvaga yaunayo. Zvakakosha kuti chibvumirano chiongororwe usati wachisaina, kwete nekuda kwezvikonzero zvekubuda munyika chete.
Nguva inopedzerwa zviri pamutemo muNetherlands pamvumo yebasa inoverengwa kumvumo yekugara zvachose uye, zvichienderana nemamiriro akasiyana, kumvumo yekugara. Nguva dzinopedzerwa pasi pemvumo yekutanga kana gore rekudzidziswa dzinoverengwa zvakasiyana nenguva dzemunhu ane hunyanzvi hwepamusoro, inova chikonzero chekufunga nezvematanho emamvumo kwete nezveanotevera chete.
Mutero: chirongwa chekubuda kunze kwenyika chakasiyana nemvumo yako
Nzvimbo iyi inowanzonzi mutemo we30% chirongwa chemutero, kwete mvumo yekugara, uye inopihwa neTax and Customs Administration (Belastingdienst) pachikumbiro chakabatana chemushandirwi nemushandi. Inobvumira chikamu chemuhoro kubhadharwa semubhadharo wemari yekunze kwenyika usingabhadhariswe mutero, mari yekuwedzera yekugara kunze kwenyika yako.
Mamiriro acho ndeekuti uri mubasa rinobhadharwa, kuti wakatorwa kubva kunze kwenyika, izvo zvinoedzwa nekukumbira kuti ugare makiromita anopfuura 150 kubva kumuganhu weDutch kwemwedzi gumi nematanhatu pamakumi maviri nemana usati watanga basa, uye kuti une ruzivo rwakadzama, runoyerwa nehurongwa hwemuhoro hwakasiyana. Chikamu, chiyero chemuhoro, nguva yepamusoro uye mabatirwo emutongo muDutch box system zvese zvakagadziriswa kakawanda mumakore achangopfuura, uye kudzikiswa kwechikamu kunotanga kushanda muna 2027. Zvikumbiro zvinoitwa mukati memwedzi mina kubva pakutanga kwebasa zvinotanga kushanda kubva pazuva rekutanga rekushanda; mafomu ekupedzisira anotanga kushanda chete kubva pamwedzi mushure mesarudzo.
Nekuti mitemo iyi inochinja nehurongwa hwemutero wega wega uye inoenderana nechinzvimbo chako, hatiisi nhamba pano uye hatipe mazano emitero. Ita kuti chirongwa chiongororwe nemupi wezano wemitero panguva imwe chete nefomu rekugara, uye iva nechokwadi chekuti chibvumirano chebasa chine chirevo chakajairwa chinobvumira muhoro kuti uchinjwe kana mutongo wacho ukabvumidzwa kana kubviswa.
Kugara kwenguva pfupi, nzendo dzebhizinesi uye vashandi vakatumirwa
Hazvisi zvese zviitiko zvekuyambuka miganhu zvinoda mvumo yekushanda, uye kuona rwendo rwemazuva matatu sekutama kunotambisa mari. Mugari wenyika yechitatu anoda vhiza anogona kupinda munzvimbo yeSchengen nevhiza yekugara kwenguva pfupi mukati memazuva zana nemakumi masere, uye kupinda misangano, hurukuro kana musangano hazviwanzoonekwa sebasa rinoda mvumo. Kuita basa, kusanganisira kuisa, kugadzirisa kana kupa sevhisi panzvimbo, kazhinji, uye kuregererwa kwacho kwakamanikana uye kwenguva shoma.
Hurongwa hwakasiyana hunoshanda kana kambani yakavambwa mune imwe nyika iri nhengo yeEU kana EEA kana muSwitzerland ikatumira vashandi vayo kuNetherlands kwenguva pfupi kuti vaite basa. Mutemo weVashandi Vakanyorwa muEuropean Union Act (Wet arbeidsvoorwaarden gedetacheerde werknemers in de Europese Unie) unoda kuti basa riziviswe pachine nguva kuburikidza neinternet reporting portal yenyika, uye unomanikidza mushandirwi wekune dzimwe nyika kushandisa mitemo mikuru yebasa reDutch, kusanganisira muhoro wepasi wepamutemo, kodzero yezororo, mitemo yenguva yekushanda uye chero chibvumirano chemubatanidzwa chinosunga. Mutengi weDutch ane basa rake rekutarisa chiziviso uye kushuma zvisina kururama. Kukundikana kuzivisa kunorangwa zvakasiyana, uye inyaya inobata makontrakita ekune dzimwe nyika kakawanda kupfuura mitemo yekupinda kwevanhu.
Kana mushandi ari mugari wenyika yechitatu, mitemo yekutumira basa nemitemo yekupinda munyika inoshanda pamusoro peimwe neimwe. Mushandi anofanira kunge aine chinzvimbo chekugara uye chekushanda munyika iri nhengo yekutumira basa uye, zvichienderana nehurefu hwebasa uye rudzi rwebasa, angangoda mvumo yeDutch. Musanganiswa iwoyo ndiwo unowanzo kukonzera faindi dzisingatarisirwi pamapurojekiti ekuvaka nekuisa basa.
Zvinogona kuitika kana vashandirwi vakakanganisa
Zvinodiwa zvevhiza yebasa muNetherlands zvinomanikidzwa kune mushandirwi zvakanyanya sezvinoitwa nemushandi. Kushandisa mugari wemunyika yechitatu pasina mvumo inodiwa kutyora Mutemo weKushanda weVekunze, uye Labour Inspectorate inogona kubhadharisa mushandi mumwe nemumwe faindi yekutonga, nemari yakawanda kana akadzokorora kutyora uye mukana wekuti basa rimiswe. Pfungwa yemushandirwi yakakura: kambani inohaya vashandi kuburikidza nesangano kana subcontractor inogona kubhadhariswa faindi yevashandi vayo vasina kumbobvira vabhadhara zvakananga, nekuti munhu anoitirwa basa racho anoverengwawo semushandirwi wezvinangwa izvi.
Ndosaka kuongorora hunhu hwemushandi uye kuchengetedza mafaira zvichikosha. Mushandirwi anofanira kuona hunhu hwemushandi wese zvichibva pagwaro rekutanga rehunhu, kuchengeta kopi muhofisi, uye kukwanisa kuiburitsa painoongororwa. Kopi yerezinesi rekutyaira haina kukwana, nekuti haitauri chinhu nezverudzi kana mamiriro ekugara.
Mabhizinesi anopa vashandi kune vamwe anotarisana nehurongwa hwakawedzerwa. Pasi peMutemo wekugamuchira vashandi (Wet toelating terbeschikkingstelling van arbeidskrachten, Wtta), masangano nevamwe vanopa vashandi vanozoda kupinda vasati vabvumidza vashandi. Kunyoresa nemvumo yekugamuchira vashandi kunotanga kubva 1 Mbudzi kusvika 31 Zvita 2026, Mutemo unotanga kushanda musi wa1 Ndira 2027 uye kusimbiswa kwemutemo kunotanga musi wa1 Ndira 2028. Vanobhadhara vashandi pamwe chete nevanopa vashandi vanobatwa, nekuti kushandisa mupi webasa asina kugamuchirwa kucharambidzwa.
Zvikanganiso zvinotorera vanyoreri nguva
Zvikanganiso zvishoma ndizvo zvinokonzera kunonoka nekuramba kwatinoona.
Chekutanga kugamuchira basa usati waona kuti mushandirwi anotsigira basa. Kana zvisina kudaro, mushandirwi anofanira kutanga anyorera kuti azivikanwe, izvo zvinotora nguva nemari, kana kuti chikumbiro chinofanira kupfuura nenzira imwe chete yemvumo nebvunzo yemusika wevashandi iyo inogona kukundikana.
Chechipiri ndechekuona mwero wemuhoro semari yegore negore. Chinodiwa imari yakatarwa pamwedzi isingabatanidzi mari yezororo, uye pasuru inotorwa semari yegore negore inowanzo kundikana kana mari yacho nezvinhu zvinoshanduka zvabviswa.
Chechitatu kutanga basa nekukurumidza. Basa rinogona kutanga chete kana mvumo yekugara yapihwa, kana kana mutsigiri anozivikanwa aisa chikumbiro muzviitiko zvishoma apo mutemo unobvumidza kushanda panguva yakatarwa. Kutanga netsamba yemvumo kutyora mutemo uko mushandirwi, kwete mushandi, anobhadhara faindi.
Chechina ndechekuderedza kukosha kwekubvumidzwa kwemutemo. Madhipuroma, magwaro emuchato uye magwaro ekuzvarwa kubva kunze kweEurope zvinowanzotora nguva yakareba kuti zvibvumidzwe pamutemo kupfuura zvinotorwa neIND pakusarudza, uye danho iroro rinofanira kutanga risati rasvika chikumbiro, kwete pamwe chete nacho.
Cheshanu kutaura nhema pamusoro pekuchinja kwebasa. Kuchinja zita rebasa, kuderedzwa kwemaawa ekushanda, nguva yezororo risingabhadharwi, kutamira kune imwe kambani yeboka kana kuchinja kero zvese zvinofanirwa kutaurwa neanopa mari. Kubviswa kwemvumo kwakawanda kwatinokumbirwa kudzivirira kwakatanga nekuchinja kusina kutaurwa nezvako.
Kuti uwane ruzivo rwakakura rwemutemo uri shure kwemitemo iyi, ona ongororo yedu yemutemo wekutamira kuNetherlands.
Mibvunzo inowanzobvunzwa
Ndinoda visa yebasa kuti ndishande muNetherlands here?
Zvinoenderana nekuva mugari wenyika. Vagari vemuEU, EEA neSwitzerland vanogona kushanda vakasununguka vasina mvumo. Vagari vasiri vemuEU vanowanzoda mvumo yekugara nekushanda, uye mitemo inoshanda inosarudzwa nerudzi rwenyu.
Chii chinonyanya kukosha kuti uwane vhiza yebasa reDutch?
Kune vazhinji vevashandi vasiri vemuEU, chinhu chikuru chinodiwa kuwana basa nemunhu anozivikanwa semutsigiri (erkend referent) — mushandirwi akatenderwa zviri pamutemo nehurumende yeDutch kuti auye nehunyanzvi hwepasi rose munyika.
Chii chinonzi mutsigiri anozivikanwa muNetherlands?
Mubatsiri anozivikanwa mushandirwi anotenderwa neImmigration and Naturalisation Service (IND) kuti abhadhare vashandi vanobva kunze kwenyika. Kushanda nemubatsiri anozivikanwa kunoita kuti maitirwo ebasa nemvumo yekugara akurumidze uye zvive nyore.
Pane musiyano here pakati pevagari vemuEU nevasiri vemuEU?
Ehe. Vagari vemuEU, EEA neSwitzerland vanonakidzwa nekufamba vakasununguka uye havadi mvumo yekushanda. Vagari vasiri vemuEU vanotevera nzira yakasiyana inoda mubatsiri uye mvumo yakakodzera, senge chirongwa chevagari vane hunyanzvi hwepamusoro.
Gweta rinogona kubatsira here nekunyorera visa yekushanda kuDutch?
Ehe. Gweta rezvekupinda nekubuda munyika rinogona kusimbisa kuti mvumo ipi inoshanda, kutarisa kuti mushandirwi wako anokodzera semutsigiri anozivikanwa, uye kuona kuti magwaro ako anosangana nezvinodiwa neIND, zvichideredza njodzi yekunonoka kana kuramba.
Law & More inopa mazano kuvashandirwi nenyanzvi dzepasi rose nezvezvinodiwa nevhiza rekushanda muNetherlands: kusarudza chinangwa chakakodzera chekugara, kuwana nekuchengetedza chinzvimbo chemubatsiri anozivikanwa, kugadzirira mafomu ekunyorera anopona kuongororwa, uye kupikisa kurambwa nekubviswa kwemari mukati memavhiki mana. Kana uri kutsvaga vashandi vanobva kunze kweEU, uchichinja mushandirwi, kana kuti wagamuchira sarudzo yaunoda kuti iongororwe, magweta edu ezvekupinda munyika aripo kuti akupe mazano.
