Kubvisa chirevo chako munyaya yemhosva

Kubvisa chirevo chako munyaya yemhosva kunogoneka muNetherlands, asi chirevo chakanyorwa hachimbofi chanyangarika mufaira. Chaunogona kuita kupa chirevo chitsva chinogadzirisa kana kupikisa chekutanga; chinowedzerwa kufaira renyaya pamwe chete nerekutanga, uye dare rinosarudza kuti rinotenda kuti ndeipi shanduro. Sarudzo yekuenderera mberi kana kumisa kupomerwa inoramba iri mumaoko emuchuchisi wehurumende, kwete newe, uye chapupu chinonyepa chichiziva chichipika chinopa mhiko yenhema pasi peChikamu 207 cheDutch Criminal Code.

Unogona here kubvisa chirevo munyaya yemhosva?

Unogona kugara uchiudza mapurisa nemuchuchisi wehurumende kuti nyaya yako yekare yaive isina kururama wobva wagadzirisa. Chausingakwanise kuita ndechekubvisa nyaya yekutanga. Maitiro ekupomerwa mhosva muDutch haana chidzimiso: kana verklaring yako yanyorwa muproces-verbaal (rekodhi yepamutemo yemapurisa), inoverengwa zvakare kwauri uye yasainwa, inova chikamu chedossier. Inoramba iripo, ichionekwa nemuchuchisi, gweta rekudzivirira nemutongi, kunyangwe kana usingadzokorore kana shoko rayo.

Ndosaka magweta achidzivisa izwi rekuti kubvisa zvachose. Muchokwadi hausi kubvisa chero chinhu; uri kuwedzera chirevo chekuwedzera, apo unotaura kuti chii chisina kunaka muchinyorwa chekutanga uye kuti nei. Faira racho rine nyaya mbiri kubva kumunhu mumwe chete, uye dare rinofanira kuona kuti ndeipi yakavimbika. Kunzwisisa musiyano iwoyo nekukurumidza kunoponesa kuora mwoyo kukuru gare gare, nekuti vanhu vazhinji vanoda kubvisa chirevo vanenge vachitarisira kuti nyaya yacho ichanyangarika nacho. Kazhinji hazviiti.

Maonero ako anoenderanawo nebasa raunaro munyaya yacho. Munhu anofungidzirwa ane kodzero yekunyarara uye haambomanikidzwi kutaura. Chapupu chiri panzvimbo yakasiyana: kana changodanwa, chapupu chinosungirwa kuuya kuzopindura. Hasha, munhu akashuma mhosva yacho, anowanzonzwikwa sechapupu. Mitemo yekuchinja account yako yakafanana kune ese matatu, asi mhedzisiro yacho inosiyana zvakanyanya, uye njodzi yaunosangana nayo nekutaura chimwe chinhu chisiri chechokwadi.

Pane mumwe musiyano unokosha uye unowanzo vhiringidzwa nekudzosera chirevo: musiyano uripo pakati pe aangifte (mushumo wekuti mhosva yaparwa) ne klacht (kunyunyuta kwakarongeka uko munhu anenge abatwa achida kuti kupomerwa kutevere). Chechipiri chete ndicho chinogona kubviswa mumutemo wakasimba, uye mukati menguva pfupi chete. Izvi zvinokurukurwa zvakasiyana pazasi.

Unogona here kubvisa chirevo chako pamberi pedare semunhu akakuvadzwa kana chapupu?

Ehe, unogona kudzokera kukamba yemapurisa wobva wataura mashoko matsva nemashoko ako, semuenzaniso kugadzirisa kana kudzosa mashoko epakutanga echapupu. Asi kubvisa mashoko ako hakugumisi nyaya dzemhosva dzoga. MuNetherlands, muchuchisi wehurumende ndiye anosarudza kana nyaya ichienda kudare, kwete kumunhu akakuvadzwa kana chapupu. Mibvunzo inobvunzwa nemuchuchisi ndeyekuti kuchine humbowo hwakakwana here uye kana kupomerwa mhosva kuri kubatsira veruzhinji here.

• Humwe humbowo. Kana paine zvimwe zvapupu, mifananidzo yekamera, mishumo yezvekurapa kana mameseji, nyaya yacho inogona kuenderera mberi pasina zvawataura. Izvi zvinoitika nguva dzose munyaya dzemhirizhonga yemumba, mhosva dzepabonde kana kurwiswa kwakanyanya.
• Kushevedzwa kweuchapupu. Kana dare kana muchuchisi vakakudana sechapupu, unofanira kuenda kudare wopa humbowo hwechokwadi. Nhengo dzemhuri yepedyo nevadikani vemunhu ari kupomerwa mhosva, pamwe nevamwe vashandi, ndivo chete vanogona kuramba kupupura.
• Ngozi. Kutaura nhema uchiziva kunogona kuva mhosva, uye kunyepa uchipika mudare nhema. Kana uchida kuchinja zvirevo zvako nekuti uri kumanikidzwa, taura nezvazvo: kutyisidzira zvapupu imhosva yakasiyana.

Nekuti mhedzisiro yacho inoenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu, kuchenjera kutsvaga mazano emutemo usati wataura chimwe chinhu chitsva.

Sei vanhu vachida kuchinja chirevo?

Chikonzero chekuchinja uku ndicho chinhu chimwe chete chakakosha pane zvese izvi, nekuti ndicho chinhu chekutanga chichaedzwa nemapurisa, muchuchisi uye pakupedzisira mutongi. Kururamisa kwakanyatsotsanangurwa kunobatwa zvakasiyana zvikuru nekuchinja kwemaonero kusingatsananguriki pamberi pekutongwa kwenyaya.

Chikonzero chinowanzoitika kukanganisa kwevanhu. Kubvunzurudzwa nemapurisa inzvimbo inonetsa, mibvunzo inouya nekukurumidza, uye zviitiko zvakaitika mumasekonzi zvinogadziriswazve maawa kana mazuva mushure mezvo. Vanhu vanosanganisa kurongeka kwezviitiko, vanosarudza zvisizvo daro nenguva, vanopa mutongo kumunhu asiri iye, kana kusimbisa zano riri mumubvunzo nekuti rainzwika serakarurama. Kana adrenaline yapera uye faira rikaverengwazve zvinyoro nyoro, zvikanganiso zvinoonekwa. Ichi ndicho chikonzero chinonyanya kusimbiswa chekugadzirisa chirevo, uye ndicho chiri nyore kutsanangura, nekuti unogona kunongedzera kundima chaiyo isina kururama pane kuramba nyaya yese.

Boka rechipiri renyaya rinosanganisira kumanikidzwa. Kumanikidzwa ikoko kunogona kubva mumamiriro ezvinhu pachawo, kubva kumunhu wawakapomera, kana kubva kumhuri neboka revanhu vakavapoteredza. Vanyunyuti mumhirizhonga yemumba nemumakakatanwa emhuri vanowanzo dzoka mavhiki mashoma gare gare vachida kutora zvese, kwete nekuti zviitiko zvaive zvakasiyana asi nekuti mhedzisiro yacho yava yechokwadi. Kana kumanikidzwa kana kutyisidzirwa kuri chikonzero chechokwadi, chinhu chakaipisisa chaunogona kuita kugadzira tsananguro yechokwadi kuti ivhare. Taura zviri kuitika chaizvo, kutanga negweta rako wozobva, kuburikidza negweta iroro, kumapurisa. Kutyisidzira chapupu pachako imhosva, uye mutongi ari kuferefeta ane masimba ekudzivirira chapupu chine kuchengetedzeka kuri panjodzi chaiyo, kusanganisira kunzwa chapupu chiri kutyisidzirwa nenzira inodzivirira ruzivo rwuri mufaira.

Boka rechitatu kuvimbika nekuzvidemba. Chapupu chinopa nhoroondo yakarurama, chobva chaziva kuti nhengo yemhuri, mudiwa kana mushandi pamwe chete anogona kupomerwa mhosva uye anoda kuigadzirisa. Izvi zvinonzwisisika uye ndicho chikamu chine njodzi zvikuru, nekuti kugadzirisa hakusi kugadzirisa zvachose: nyaya yekutanga yaive yechokwadi. Kuchinja kutaura kwechokwadi sekwenhema kuti munhu asaparadzwe ndiyo mamiriro chaiwo apo chapupu chinoguma chave munhu anofungidzirwa kuti hachina mhosva.

Mashoko ako emapurisa anobatsira sei seumboo?

Chinhu chikuru: gwaro remapurisa rakasainwa rinogona kushandiswa seumboo kunyangwe usingazomboridzokorore mudare. Zvisinei, mutongo haugone kutsamira pakutaura kwechapupu chimwe chete.

Chirevo chakatorwa nemapurisa chinoratidza humbowo hwakanyorwa: mupurisa anonyora zvaunotaura mumashoko, ozviverenga, okumbira kugadziriswa uye okukumbira kuti usaine. Gwaro iroro rinogona kushandiswa nedare maererano nezvaro, kunyangwe ukambodzokorora zvirimo mudare kana kuti kwete. Uyu musiyano chaiwo kubva kumasystem akajairwa nevatengi vekunze kwenyika, uko humbowo hunofanira kupihwa mhenyu pakutongwa kuti huverengerwe. MuNetherlands faira rakanyorwa ndiro musimboti wenyaya, uye kunzwa nyaya yacho kunonyanya kuongorora faira iroro.

Zvinhu zviviri zviri mumutemo wehumbowo hweDutch zvinotsanangura zvakawanda zvinotevera. Chekutanga ndechekuti dare rinoongorora zvirimo zvakasununguka: hapana mutemo unoudza mutongi kuti chirevo chinotevera chinokunda chekutanga, kana kuti chakapesana. Mutongi anosarudza chaanoona sechakavimbika uye anofanira kukwanisa kutsanangura sarudzo iyoyo. Nyaya yekutanga yakanyorwa zvakanaka inokodzera humwe humbowo inogona kusarudzwa pane kudzoserwa shure kwemwedzi yakati wandei inotevera.

Chechipiri i "bewijsminimum", iyo inoreva humbowo hwepamutemo. Pasi peChikamu 342, ndima 2 yeDutch Code of Criminal Procedure, mutongo haufanirwe kubva pane zvataurwa nechapupu chimwe chete; panofanira kunge paine humbowo hunotsigira hunobva kune imwe nzvimbo. Mutemo uyu unowanzo pfupikiswa sezvo chapupu chimwe chete chisiri chapupu. Chinokosha zvikuru pano. Kana uri iwe wega chapupu uye pasina chimwe chiri mufaira, kupomerwa mhosva kwaive kwatove kusina kusimba usati wachinja pfungwa dzako, uye kugadzirisa kwako kunogona kupedzisa. Kana paine mifananidzo yekamera, zvinhu zvekuongorora, data refoni, zvakawanikwa nekurapa kana chapupu chechipiri, kuchinja kwako chinzvimbo kunobvisa puranga rimwe kubva pachivako chichiripo.

Chirevo chemapurisa chinopihwa pasi pemhiko here?

Kwete. Mashoko chete anopiwa kumutongi ari kuferefeta nyaya kana padare, uye ndiwo anosarudza kuti mhosva ipi inoshanda kana ukataura chimwe chinhu chisiri chechokwadi.

Paunotaura nemupurisa, hausi pasi pemhiko. Kana ukanzwikwa sechapupu nemutongi wekuongorora nyaya, kana pamusangano wacho, unototanga wapika. Musiyano mumwe chete iwoyo wekuita zvinhu ndiwo unosarudza kuti mhosva ipi yauchapara kana ukataura chimwe chinhu chisiri chechokwadi, uye ndicho chikonzero nei izwi rekuti nhema richitaurwa zvisina kujeka munzvimbo iyi.

Kunzwiwa nemutongi ari kuferefeta nyaya kunochinjawo huremu hwezvaunotaura. Kunzwiwa ikoko kunoitika nevanomudzivirira varipo kana kuti vachikwanisa kubvunza mibvunzo, izvo zvinoita kuti chirevo chinobuda chive chakasimba kupfuura kubvunzurudzwa nemapurisa pasina rimwe divi. Imhaka yekuti humbowo hwakadaro hwakaoma kubvisa mushure mezvo saka kubvunzurudzwa kwekutanga kwechapupu inzira inoshanda yekuwana humbowo nekukurumidza.

Mibvunzo ipi iyo chapupu chingaramba kupindura?

Usati wafunga kuti unofanira kugadzirisa chirevo, tarisa kana waisungirwa kuchipa zvachose. Mutemo wemhosva wekuDutch unopa zvapupu zvakati verschoningsrecht, kodzero yekuramba kupupura. Pasi peChikamu 217 cheMutemo weMaitiro Emhosva, izvi zvinoshanda kuhama dzepedyo dzemunhu anofungidzirwa: mukadzi kana murume/mukadzi akanyoreswa, mukadzi/mukadzi aimbova murume/mukadzi kana murume/mukadzi akanyoreswa, uye hama dzeropa nehama nemuchato mukati medhigirii dzakatarwa muchinyorwa ichocho. Chikamu 218 chinopa kodzero yakafanana kune vanhu vakasungwa nebasa rehunyanzvi rekuchengetedza zvakavanzika, vakaita semagweta nevanachiremba. Chikamu 219 chinobvumira chero chapupu kuramba kupindura mubvunzo chaiwo apo kupindura kwaizoisa chapupu, kana hama yepedyo, panjodzi yekupomerwa mhosva.

Kodzero idzi dzinoshandiswa mubvunzo nemubvunzo uye hadzibvisi chero chawatotaura. Chapupu chaive nekodzero yekunyarara asi chakasarudza kutaura chataura chokwadi. Kunyange zvakadaro, pfungwa iyi inokosha kubvunza gweta rako, nekuti mamiriro ezvinhu akawanikwa chirevo anokanganisa kuti dare rinopa sei kukosha kwacho.

Ungangoramba kupupura here?

Kwete. Kunyarara kunosiya zvawataura kare mufaira, uye chapupu chakadanwa chinofanira kuuya chopindura.

Vamwe vanhu vanogumisa kuti nzira yakachengeteka ndeyekusataura zvakawanda vachitarisira kuti dambudziko richazvigadzirisa roga. Hazvishande, nekuda kwezvikonzero zviviri.

Chekutanga ndechekuti kunyarara hakubvisi zvawakataura kare. Maitiro ekutaura ari mufaira uye anogona kushandiswa nedare kunyangwe ukauya kana kuti kwete. Kuramba kutaura kunoita kuti shanduro yekutanga isapikiswe, izvo zvinopesana nezvinodiwa nemunhu anotenda kuti shanduro iyoyo haina kururama.

Chechipiri ndechekuti chapupu chakadanwa chinosungirwa kuuya uye, kunze kwekunge chimwe chezvikonzero zviri muchikamu 217 kusvika 219 cheMutemo weMaitiro eVatongi chichishanda, kuti chipindure. Chapupu chinoramba chisina chikonzero chakakodzera chinosangana nemigumisiro chaiyo: pasi peChikamu 221 cheMutemo weMaitiro eVatongi, mutongi anoferefeta anogona kuraira kuti chapupu chisungwe, danho rinozivikanwa se gijzeling, nedare richiongorora murairo iwoyo. Kusungwa kwechapupu idanho rakakura uye haritorerwe nyore, asi simba riripo uye rinoshandiswa.

Kana account yako yainge isina kururama zvechokwadi, kugadzirisa kwakanyorwa kunotsigirwa nechikonzero ndiyo chete nzira inovandudza chinzvimbo chako. Kunyangarika hakuiti izvozvo.

Ungagadzirisa sei kana kubvisa chirevo?

Hapana fomu repamutemo rekudzosa nyaya uye hapana gwaro remagwaro ezvakadzoswa. Nzira inoshanda iziviso yakanyorwa, ine chikonzero chekufunga kuchuchisi wehurumende nemupurisa anoferefeta, ichiteverwa nekubvunzurudzwa kutsva uko nhoroondo yako yakagadziriswa inonyorwa mumashoko matsva. Zvese zvaunotumira zvinova chikamu chefaira, saka zvinofanira kunyorwa neizvozvo mupfungwa.

Taura negweta redziviriro yemhosva usati wataura nemumwe munhu. Izvi hazvisi zvepamutemo. Paunotaura kuti zvawakataura kare hazvina chokwadi, wabvunza mubvunzo wekuti wakapara mhosva here, uye ungangoona kuti kubvunzurudzwa nezvekururamiswa kwako kwaitwa newe semunhu anofungidzirwa kwete sechapupu. Gweta richakuudza, usati wanyora chero chinhu, kana chaunoda kugadzirisa chiri chikanganiso chechokwadi, nyaya yekududzira, kana kubvuma kuti wakataura chimwe chinhu chenhema uchiziva, nekuti zvitatu izvi zvinotungamira kuhurukuro dzakasiyana nemapurisa.

Chiziviso chakanyorwa chinofanira kunge chine chii?

Chengetai chipfupi, chine chokwadi uye chakananga. Chiziviso chinofanira kuratidza nyaya yacho nenhamba yayo yepaketi kana nhamba yefaira remapurisa, ruzivo rwenyu uye zuva rechirevo chamuri kugadzirisa, kuitira kuti chikwanise kuenzaniswa nefaira rakakodzera pasina kujeka. Chinofanira kutaura zvakajeka kuti munoda kugadzirisa kana kubvisa chikamu kana zvese zvechirevo ichocho, uye chinofanira kuratidza kuti ndeapi mavhesi asina kururama.

Chinonyanya kukosha pamashoko acho itsananguro yacho. Kugadzirisa kunoratidza mitsara chaiyo isiriyo uye kunopa chikonzero chaicho, senge zuva rawakaongorora kubva ipapo uchienzanisa nezvinyorwa zvako, kwakasimba kupfuura kutaura kwakajairika kuti ikozvino wava kurangarira zvinhu zvakasiyana. Chekupedzisira, mashoko acho anofanira kunge aine nhoroondo yawati yakarurama, nekuti kubva panguva iyoyo zvichienda mberi uchabatwa nayo. Usatumire gwaro rinotaura chete kuti chirevo chekutanga chakanga chisina kururama; kuramba pachena kunosiya faira neakaundi yako yekutanga uye pasina chekuisa parutivi payo.

Ndiani anogamuchira chiziviso ichi, uye chii chinozoitika?

Muchuchisi ari kutungamira nyaya iyi ndiye mukuru wekugamuchira nyaya iyi, sezvo Dare reOpenbaar Ministerie (Public Prosecution Service) chete ndiro rinosarudza kuti nyaya yacho ichaenderera mberi sei. Mupurisa anoferefeta akatora chirevo chekutanga anofanirawo kuziviswa, uye kana nyaya yacho yatove yakanyorwa kuti inzwikwe, dare nevari kudzivirirwa vachaigamuchira kuburikidza nefaira. Tumira nenzira inogona kuratidzwa, uye chengeta humbowo hwekutumirwa.

Saka tarisira kubvunzurudzwa zvakare. Kubvunzurudzwa uku kwekutevera ndicho chikamu chakakosha, nekuti ndipo panoedzwa tsananguro yako. Gadzirira negweta rako, pindura chokwadi, ramba uine zvaunonyatsoziva, uye ramba kuda kuzadza runyararo nekufungidzira nezvezvinangwa zvevamwe vanhu kana kuti nezvenyaya yacho inofanira kuita izvozvi. Kana ukanzwiwa semunhu ari kupomerwa mhosva kwete sechapupu uchayambirwa, uye panguva iyoyo kodzero yekunyarara inoshanda kwauri zvizere; gwara redu rekodzero yekunyarara munyaya dzemhosva rinotsanangura zvinorehwa neizvi mukuita, uye gwara redu rekubvunzurudzwa kwemapurisa nekodzero dzako muNetherlands rinotsanangura kuti kubvunzurudzwa uku kunoitwa sei.

Pane nguva yakatarwa yekugadzirisa chirevo here?

Hapana nguva yakatarwa yepamutemo yekugadzirisa kana kuwedzera chirevo munyaya yemhosva. Muchokwadi unogona kuzviita chero nguva nyaya ichiri kuenderera mberi, uye chapupu chinobvunzwa pakutongwa kwenyaya chinogona kugadzirisa zvinyorwa ipapo. Nguva imwe chete yakaoma munharaunda iyi inguva yemazuva masere ekubvisa klacht yepamutemo.

Zvisinei, panenge paine nguva nhatu dzinokosha. Kuferefeta kusati kwapera, kugadzirisa nyaya kunogona kuferefetwa: mapurisa anogona kutarisa account yako itsva, uye zvinogona kugadzira sarudzo yemuchuchisi pamusoro pekuti anofanira kupomera here kana kuti kwete. Kana nyaya yacho yanyorwa kuti inzwikwe, faira racho rinogadziriswa uye kugadzirisa kwako kunosvika pakupokana kunonoka uko dare richaongorora. Uye mushure mekutonga, kuchinja account yako hakuzovhuri chero chinhu; izvo zvinoda kukwidza nyaya mukati menguva yakatarwa, kana, kana munhu awana mhosva yekupedzisira, maitiro akamanikana ekugadzirisa nyaya yacho pamberi peHoge Raad (Dare Repamusorosoro), iro rinoda chokwadi chitsva chakakwana. Hwindo apo kugadzirisa kunochinja mhedzisiro yacho rinokurumidza, uye rinovhara nekukurumidza kupfuura zvinotarisirwa nevanhu vazhinji.

Kuchinja chirevo chako kunogona kukupinza mumatambudziko here?

Kugadzirisa chikanganiso chaicho hachisi mhosva. Kubvuma kuti wakaudza vakuru vehurumende zvisiri zvechokwadi nemaune kunogona kuva mhosva. Mhosva mbiri dzakakosha, uye dzinowanzo sanganiswa.

Chekutanga inyaya yenhema. Pasi peChikamu 188 cheDutch Criminal Code, imhosva kutaura kana kunyunyuta kuti mhosva yakaitwa uchiziva kuti haina kuitirwa. Chirango chikuru igore rimwe chete mujeri kana faindi yechikamu chechitatu. Uyu ndiwo mutemo unoshanda kana mumwe munhu akashuma chiitiko chisina kumboitika, kwete kana chapupu chikakanganisa ruzivo.

Chechipiri chinotsigirwa. Pasi peChikamu 207 cheCriminal Code, kutaura nhema nemaune uchipika, nemuromo kana nekunyora, kunosvika makore matanhatu mujeri kana faindi yechikamu chechishanu. Kana kutaura nhema kwakaitwa munyaya yemhosva uye kuchishanda mukukuvadza munhu ari kupomerwa kana mupomerwi, huwandu hwepamusoro hunokwira kusvika makore mapfumbamwe. Nekuti mhosva yacho inoda mhiko, inoshanda kune zvawakaudza mutongi ari kuferefeta kana dare, kwete kubvunzurudzo yemapurisa yakajairika. Ndiwo musiyano wakakosha: chapupu chinogadzirisa zvirevo zvemapurisa chiri munzvimbo yakasiyana zvikuru nechachigadzirisa zvirevo zvemhiko.

Hapana mhosva inoitirwa nekukanganisa. Zvese zvinoda chinangwa, uye muchuchisi anofanira kuratidza kuti waiziva kuti chirevo chacho chaive chenhema pawakataura. Ndicho chikonzero nei tsananguro yekururamisa kwako ine simba guru. Kuvhiringidzika, kushushikana, zuva rakaverengwa zvisirizvo kana mubvunzo unotungamira zvinhu zvakajairika uye zvinogoneka; kudzoserwa shure kusingatsananguriki mushure mekusangana nerimwe divi ndiko kunokwezva pfungwa.

Dare rinoongorora sei chirevo chakadzoserwa shure?

Dare haringoteveri chete vhezheni yazvino. Rinobvunza kuti ndeipi nyaya yakavimbika, richitarisa nguva, tsananguro, humbowo hunotsigira uye kumanikidzwa kunogona kuitika.

Dare rinotarisana nenyaya mbiri dzinopesana kubva kumunhu mumwe harisarudze itsva. Rinobvunza kuti ndeipi nyaya yakavimbika, uye rinofanira kutsanangura sarudzo iyoyo mukutonga. Zvinhu zvina zvinotungamira ongororo.

Nguva ndiyo yekutanga. Kugadzirisa kwakaitwa mukati memazuva ekubvunzurudzwa, faira risati ragadzirwa uye munhu asati awana mukana wekusvika kwauri, kunoverengwa sezvinowanzoitika: munhu ari kugadzirisa chimwe chinhu chaimunetsa. Kugadzirisa kwakafanana kwakaitwa nguva pfupi nyaya isati yatanga kunzwiwa kunoita kuti pave nemubvunzo wekuti chii chakachinja panguva iyoyo, uye mhinduro yacho inowanzova isina kunaka.

Hunhu hwetsananguro ndehwechipiri. Vatongi vajaira kunzwa kuti chapupu chave kurangarira zvinhu zvakasiyana, uye kuti mutongo wacho wega haunyengetedzi munhu. Chinonyengetedza ndechechokwadi: ndima isina kururama, chikonzero chayo chisina kururama, uye kuti ruzivo rwakarurama runobva kupi.

Kusimbisa ndicho chinhu chechitatu uye chinowanzova chinhu chikuru. Nhoroondo yako inoyerwa zvichienderana nezvimwe zviri mufaira. Kana chirevo chekutanga chichienzaniswa nemifananidzo yekamera, kukuvara kwakatsanangurwa mumushumo wezvekurapa uye nguva yakatarwa kubva padata refoni, kudzoserwa kunopesana nezvose hazvizotendwe. Kana chirevo chekutanga chiri icho chega chinonongedzera kumunhu ari kupomerwa mhosva, bewijsminimum yatsanangurwa pamusoro apa inoita basa racho kwauri pasina chikonzero chekuratidza dhirama.

Chechina ndechekuti panogona kunge paine kumanikidzwa, uye izvi zvinokanganisa mativi ese. Matare anoona maitiro ayo munyunyuti anotaura nezvechiitiko chakakomba, uye mushure menguva yekutaurirana nemupomerwi kana boka rake, anoonekwa achiramba nyaya yacho zvachose. Vatongi vanobvumirwa kuvimba nemashoko ekutanga pavanoona senyaya inovimbika, uye munyaya dzakadai vanozviita nguva dzose. Chinoguma ndechekuti kana kutyisidzira kwechokwadi kwakanyorwa uye kutaurwa, kungwarira ikoko kunoshanda zvakanaka kwauri.

Muchuchisi anobvunza mubvunzo mupfupi: kuchine zvakakwana here kuti munhu awane mhosva? Kana zvawakataura zvaive zvechokwadi, mhinduro yacho ingave kwete, uye faira rinozovharwa nesepot, chisarudzo chekusapomera. Kana zvawakataura zvaive chimwe chezvinhu zvakawanda, kupomera kunowanzoenderera mberi, uye nyaya dzako dzese dziri mbiri dzinoenda kudare. Dzimwe nguva vapomeri vanotora danho rakati wandei voisa pfungwa pakupokana, vachiti vhezheni yekutanga yaive yechokwadi uye kuti kudzoserwa kwenyaya kunoratidza kuti chapupu chinogona kupesvedzerwa sei.

Nyaya dzemunyika dzinopfuura miganhu dzinowedzera dambudziko. Kana zvawataura kare zvakashandiswa kutsigira gwaro rekusungwa reEurope kana chikumbiro chekubatsirana pamutemo, kudzoserwa kwenyaya gare gare hakubvisi matanho akatorwa nedzimwe nyika nekuda kwesimba razvo. Munhu angave atoendeswa kudare, nzvimbo dzacho dzingave dzatotsvagwa uye zvinhu zvingave zvatopihwa. Vakuru veDutch vachaongorora kururamiswa kwako, uye zvinogona kukanganisa zvichaitika, asi hazvidzore zvisarudzo zvakatorwa kunze kwenyika. Ndiyo imwezve chikonzero chekugadzirisa chirevo chisina kururama panguva pfupi pane panguva iyo nyaya yacho yava nehukuru hwepasi rose.

Nyaya yakabviswa inogona kuendeswa kudare here?

Ehe. Munhu akatambudzwa kana mumwe munhu ane hanya nazvo anogona kukumbira dare repamusoro kuti ritonge nyaya yacho.

Kupomerana hakusiko kuguma nguva dzose. Munhu ane hanya zvakananga, kazhinji munhu akarohwa kana hama yake yasara, anogona kunyunyuta kudare repamusoro (gerechtshof) pasi peChikamu 12 cheMutemo weMaitiro Emhosva achipikisa chisarudzo chekusapomera. Kana chisarudzo chacho chaziviswa zviri pamutemo, kunyunyuta kunofanira kuendeswa mukati memwedzi mitatu kubva panguva iyo munyunyuti azviziva. Kana dare repamusoro rikaona kuti kupomerana kunofanira kuitwa, rinogona kuraira Public Prosecution Service kuti ipomere. Munhu wese anodzosera chirevo chake achitarisira kuti nyaya yacho ichapera chinyararire anofanira kuziva kuti mumwe munhu ane hanya anogona kuendesa chisarudzo ichocho kudare repamusoro.

Unogona here kubvisa chichemo kuti umise kupomerwa mhosva?

Kungori mhosva dzekunyunyuta chete, uye mukati memazuva masere chete mushure mekunyunyuta. Kune dzimwe mhosva dzese, kubvisa mushumo wako hakumisi nyaya yacho.

Pamhosva zhinji, kupomerwa mhosva hakutsamiri pane zvinodiwa nemunhu anenge abatwa. Kune boka diki remhosva dzekunyunyuta, idzo Public Prosecution Service inogona kupomerwa mhosva chete kana munhu wacho akaendesa klacht yepamutemo ichikumbira kupomerwa mhosva. Kutevera mumwe muenzaniso pasi pemutemo weDutch, uye mhosva dzakawanda dziri mumhuri nemunzvimbo yekusvibisa zita ndedzerudzi rumwe chete.

Pamhosva idzodzo, mutemo wacho wakarurama uye hauregereri. Pasi peChikamu 67 cheDutch Criminal Code, munhu akaisa nyaya iyi anogona kuibvisa mukati memazuva masere kubva pazuva rayakaiswa. Bvisa nyaya iyi mukati menguva iyoyo uye kupomerwa hakuzokwanisike. Usaitore, uye nyaya yacho icharamba iripo, zvisinei nekuti unonzwa sei nezvenyaya iyi panguva iyoyo. Nguva yemazuva masere ndiyo mutemo unonyanya kukosha munyaya iyi yese, ndosaka mubvunzo wekutanga unobvunzwa negweta ndewekuti chii chaizvo chawakasaina uye pazuva ripi.

Kunze kweboka diki remhosva, kubvisa mhosva yako hakuchinje chinhu mumutemo. Hakusi kuchinja kunodzima kupomerwa mhosva. Ichi chiratidzo kumuchuchisi nezvekuda kwako kushandira pamwe, uye chichaverengwa pamwe chete nezvimwe zvese zviri mufaira.

Chii chinoitika kune chikumbiro chako chekuda kukuvara?

Vakabatwa nemhosva vanoda muripo vanofanira kufunga izvi vasati vachinja chero chinhu. Mumatare emhosva ekuDutch, munhu akakuvara anogona kupinda mumatare edzimhosva semunhu akakuvara, uye okumbira kukuvara kwakakonzerwa nemhosva zvakananga munyaya yemhosva. Chikumbiro ichocho chinosarudzwa nedare redzimhosva, izvo zvinoita kuti munhu akakuvara asatorerwe mhosva, uye dare rinogona kuisa schadevergoedingsmaatregel, chiyero chemuripo chinosiya kuunganidza kuhurumende kwete kune munhu akakuvara.

Nzira yese iyoyo inoenderana nekuwanikwa kwemhosva. Kana zvawakataura zvaive humbowo hwakakura uye ukazvibvisa, mhedzisiro yacho haisi mutongo mudiki asi hapana mutongo zvachose, uye chikumbiro chekuripiswa chinopera. Chikumbiro ichi chinogona kuenderera mberi mumatare edzimhosva, asi ipapo munhu anenge abatwa chibharo ndiye ane mutoro wekupa humbowo, ane njodzi yemutengo uye hapana mapurisa anoferefeta ari kushanda panzvimbo yavo. Dzimwe nguva vanhu vanenge vabatwa chibharo vanowana izvi chete kana faira remhosva ravharwa.

Panewo mubvunzo wekuti kudzoserwa kwemhosva kunobatsira sei kune zvakatopihwa kare, zvakaita semubairo kubva kuSchadefonds Geweldsmisdrijven, iyo Dutch violence crimination compensation fund. Mari inobhadharwa zvichibva paaccount iyo mugamuchiri anozozivisa kuti haisi yechokwadi inogona kudzoserwa. Hapana chimwe cheizvi chikonzero chekuchengetedza chirevo chisina kururama chakamira; chikonzero chekuva nechokwadi nezvezvauri kugadzirisa uye chikonzero, uye kutora zano usati watumira chero chinhu.

Munhu anofungidzirwa kuti ndiye anogona here kudzima zvaataura?

Munhu anofungidzirwa kuti akabvuma chimwe chinhu panguva yekubvunzurudzwa nemapurisa uye ozoda kuchidzosera ari panzvimbo yake, uye zvakakodzera kuti azviparadzanise nekuti kutsvaga nzira yekubvisa chirevo kunowanzotangira ipapo. Munhu anofungidzirwa anogona kubvisa kupupura kwake chero nguva. Chisingakwanise kuitwa nemunhu anofungidzirwa kuti akapupura kuibvisa mufaira, uye kupupura kwake kunoramba kuri humbowo hunoshanda.

Chinotevera mubvunzo wekuvimbika. Dare rinoongorora kuti kubvuma mhosva kwakaitika sei: kuti kubvunzurudzwa kwacho kwakagara kwenguva yakareba sei, kana gweta raivapo, kana munhu anofungidzirwa kuti aimbozorora uye aine chikafu, kana nyaya yacho ine daderkennis, ruzivo rwezvinhu zvingadai zvakawanikwa nemupari wemhosva chete, uye kana zvichienderana nehumbowo hwehunyanzvi. Kubvuma mhosva kune ruzivo rwakasimbiswa rusina kuziviswa kwakaoma zvikuru kuchinja. Kubvuma mhosva kunosanganisira kubvumirana nezvikumbiro zvakaiswa nemubvunzurudzo, zvakapihwa pasina gweta mushure mehusiku hurefu, zviri nyore kwazvo.

Chidzidzo chinoshanda chinoenderera mberi nenzira yakasiyana. Kodzero yekunyarara iripo kuitira kuti pasave nemunhu anofanira kutaura nyaya inofanira kuratidzwa pasina ivo, uye inoshanda kubva pakubvunzurudzwa kwekutanga. Munhu wese anofungirwa mhosva anonyeverwa kuti mhinduro hadzifanirwe kupihwa uye ane kodzero yekubvunza gweta asati abvunza uye kuva nerimwe panguva yacho. Kushandisa kodzero idzodzo hakuna mari. Kuramba kubvuma mhosva mushure mezvo kunodhura zvakawanda uye kashoma kuti kudzoreredze mamiriro ezvinhu.

Kana watobvuma kare uye uchifunga kuti kubvuma kwacho kwakaipa, usatumira tsamba kumuchuchisi wega. Zvese zvinonyorwa nemufungidziri kuzviremera zvinoiswa mufaira. Endesa faira racho kugweta redziviriro yemhosva uye rega kudzoserwa kwemhosva, kana kuri iko kwakakodzera, kugadzirirwe nemazvo.

Chii chaunofanira kuita kana uchida kuchinja chirevo chako?

Ita chiito nekukurumidza, nekuti kukosha kwekugadzirisa kunoderera kana ukamirira kwenguva refu. Nyora pasi, iwe pachako, kuti ndeapi zvikamu zvemashoko ako zvaunofunga kuti hazvina kururama uye kuti unoziva sei izvozvo, nepo ruzivo ruchiri rutsva. Usataure neanopomerwa mhosva, munyunyuti kana chero ani zvake ane hukama navo nezvazvo; kutaura kwerudzi irworwo ndicho chinhu chekutanga chichaunzwa kwauri mubvunzurudzo inotevera, uye zvakaoma kutsanangura.

Kumbira kopi yemashoko ako kuburikidza negweta rako usati wazvipira kune chero chinhu, kuitira kuti ugadzirise zviri kutaurwa nefaira kwete zvaunoyeuka kutaura. Kana chikonzero chako chekuda kuchinja account yako chiri chekutya, taura negweta rako wozotaura nemapurisa, uye bvunza kuti ndeapi matanho ekudzivirira aripo. Chekupedzisira, rega gweta rako rive munhu wekutaura nemapurisa nePublic Prosecution Service. Kufonera mupurisa asingatarisirwi runhare ndiko kunoita kuti vanhu vane chinangwa chakanaka vashandure chikanganiso chinogadziriswa kuita kuferefeta kwavo.

Muchidimbu

• Unogona kugadzirisa kana kubvisa chirevo chero nguva, asi chekutanga chinoramba chiri mufaira uye dare ndiro rinosarudza kuti rinotenda kuti ndeipi shanduro.
• Muchuchisi wehurumende chete ndiye anosarudza kana nyaya yacho ichienderera mberi; pamwe nehumwe humbowo zvinowanzoita izvozvo.
• Chichemo chepamutemo (klacht) chinogona kubviswa mukati memazuva masere ekutumira chikumbiro (Article 67 Sr).
• Kutaura nhema nemaune kunogona kutungamira kukutongwa kwemushumo wenhema (Chikamu 188 Sr) kana, pasi pemhiko, nhema (Chikamu 207 Sr).
• Taura negweta redziviriro yemhosva usati wataura nemapurisa kana muchuchisi.

Mibvunzo inowanzobvunzwa

Law & More inopa mazano kune vanonyunyuta, zvapupu nevanofungidzirwa kuti vanofanira kugadzirisa kana kubvisa chirevo munyaya yemhosva, kubva pakunyora chiziviso kusvika pakubvunzurudzwa kwekupedzisira. Hauzive kuti uri papi? Tiudze nezvemamiriro ako ezvinhu. Tichakuzivisa sarudzo dzako mukati mezuva rimwe chete rekushanda.