Hamufanirwe kubhadhara mari yerubatsiro kana pasina chisungo chekuchengetedza chakambovapo, kana kana chisungo chiripo chapera nekushanda kwemutemo kana nedare. Pasi pemutemo weDutch, mari yekuchengeta muwanano inongofanirwa kubhadharwa mushure mekuroorana kana kubatana kwakanyoreswa, kwete mushure mekugara musina kuroorana pasina chibvumirano cheizvozvo, uye inopera kana nguva yepamutemo yapera, apo mugamuchiri anorooranazve kana kugara nemumwe munhu sekunge akaroora pasi pechikamu 1:160 cheCivil Code (BW), kana parufu rwemumwe wevaimbove mudiwa. Mari yekuchengeta mwana inotevera mitemo yakasiyana zvachose uye haigone kuregererwa.
Chinyorwa chino chinongotaura nezvezvikonzero zvinoita kuti chisungo chekuchengetedza chisavepo kana kuti chipere. Maverengerwo emari yekuchengetedza, kuti inowanzo shanda kwenguva yakareba sei uye kuti mari yacho inorongwa sei zvakafukidzwa mugwaro redu rakazara rekutsigira mwana nemurume/mukadzi muNetherlands . Verenga izvozvo kutanga kana mubvunzo wako uri wekuti imarii; verenga uyu kana mubvunzo wako uri wekuti pane chimwe chinhu chaunofanira kubhadhara here.
Kana pasina chisungo chekuchengetedza chiripo pakutanga
Pane musiyano pakati pechisungo chisina kumbovapo nechakapera, uye ndicho chinosarudza kuti ndeapi maitiro aunoda. Kana pasina chisungo chakambovapo, hapana chekugumisa uye hapana chekuripa. Kana chimwe chikaitika chikapera, ungangoda sarudzo kana chibvumirano chekugadza izvozvo, nekuti gwaro rekuchengetedza rinoramba richishandiswa kusvika rabviswa padivi.
Mari yekuchengeta vakaroorana pasi pemutemo weDutch inofanirwa kuroorana kana kubatana kwakanyoreswa. Vakaroorana vakagara vese vasina kana chimwe chezviviri izvi, zvisinei nekuti kwenguva yakareba sei, havana chikwereti chemumwe nemumwe mushure mekuparadzana. Chinhu chimwe chete chinosara chikamu chekuchengetedza mubvumirano yekugara pamwe chete, icho chinobatanidza sechibvumirano asi hachisi chekuchengetedza vakaroorana mupfungwa yepamutemo, saka mitemo yepamutemo pamusoro penguva uye yekugara pamwe chete nemumwe wako mutsva haishande kwairi kunze kwekunge chibvumirano chataura kudaro.
Uye hapana chisungo chinomuka nekuti mumwe wevaimbova mudzimai wake anowana mari yakawanda kupfuura mumwe. Zvinodiwa zviviri zvinofanira kuzadzikiswa: munhu ari kuda mari yekuchengeta anofanira kushaya mari yakakwana yekuzviriritira uye haafanirwe kutarisirwa kuti aiwane, uye mumwe wacho anofanira kunge aine mukana wekubhadhara. Kana chimwe chezvikatadza, hapana mari yekuchengeta inokweretwa. Munhu anobhadhara ane mari yakaderera zvekuti kubhadhara mari yekuchengeta kwaizomusiya ari pasi pemutengo wepasi unotarisirwa nedare sezvinodiwa, mumutauro wechiDutch, hapana draagkracht, uye mari yekuchengeta yakatemwa pa nil.
Vakaroorana vekare vanogonawo kubvumirana kuti hapana mari yekuchengeta muwanano ichabhadharwa zvachose. Chinyorwa 1:158 BW chinobvumira chibvumirano chakadaro kuitwa vasati varambana kana panguva yekurambana, uye chinowanzo nyorwa muchibvumirano chekurambana. Kuregererwa ikoko kunoshanda, uye kunogona kusimbiswa nechikamu chisingachinji, icho dare richachibvisa chete kana shanduko yemamiriro ezvinhu yakanyanya zvekuti kubata mapato acho kwaisazogamuchirwa nematanho ekunzwisisa uye kururamisira. Ichi chiyero chakakwirira nemaune, uye ndicho chikonzero chekuregererwa kwemari yekuchengeta kwakakodzera kutaurirana nokungwarira pane kugamuchirwa sechinhu chinonetsa.
Mari yekuchengeta mwana haisi yepamutemo pane zvese izvi. Vabereki havagone kuisiya, nekuti iri mukubatsira mwana kwete vabereki, uye chibvumirano pakati pevabereki chekuti hapana mari yekuchengeta mwana chichabhadharwa hachisungirire mwana uye chinogona kurambwa nedare. Zvifungidziro zvekuti ndiani ane chikwereti chacho zvinowanzova zvisina kunaka, uye ndizvo zviri muchikamu chakasiyana chiri pazasi.
Zvikonzero zvinogumira pakuchengetwa kwemurume nemukadzi
Kana mari yekuchengeta muwanano yabvumiranwa kana kurayirwa, mutemo weDutch unopa zvikonzero zvishoma zvinogumira pairi. Zvina zvacho zvinoshanda nemutemo uye chimwe chinoda sarudzo.
Chekutanga ikupera kwenguva yakatarwa nemutemo. Chechipiri irufu rwemumwe wevaimbova mudiwa: chisungo chacho ndechemunhu uye hachipfuuriri kunhaka yemunhu akachikwereta, uye hachienderere mberi kuti vagamuchire nhaka yemunhu ane kodzero yacho. Chechitatu kuroorazve kwemugamuchiri, kana kupinda kwavo muhukama hutsva hwakanyoreswa. Chechina ikugara pamwe chete kwemugamuchiri nemumwe munhu sekunge vakaroorana, izvo zvinokurukurwa zvakadzama pazasi. Chikonzero chechishanu hachisi chega chega: kuchinja kwemamiriro ezvinhu kunoita kuti murairo uripo usasvike pazvinodiwa nemutemo, izvo zvinoda chikumbiro kudare.
Zvinhu zviviri zvinotendwa nevanhu vakawanda hazvina kururama uye zvinodhura mari. Mari yekuchengeta mumwe munhu haigumi yoga kana munhu asvika pazera repension rehurumende; mari yepension inogona kuchinja maverengerwo emari uye inogona kururamisa chikumbiro chekuderedza kana kugumisa mari yekuchengeta, asi hapana chinoitika chega. Uye mari yekuchengeta mumwe munhu haigumi nekuti munhu awana basa: kuvandudzwa kwemari inowanikwa ichikonzero chekukumbira dare kuti richinje murairo, kwete rezenisi yekumira kubhadhara.
Kugara nemumwe munhu semunhu akaroora/akaroorwa: chinyorwa 1:160 BW
Chinyorwa 1:160 BW ndicho chikonzero chinowanzo shandiswa uye chinowanzo nzwisiswa zvisina kunaka. Chinoti chisungo chekuchengetedza chinopera kana mugamuchiri aroorazve, apinda muhukama hwakanyoreswa, kana kuti atanga kugara nemumwe munhu sekunge vakaroorana. Mugumisiro wacho wakaoma uye unogara kwenguva refu: chisungo chinopera nekushanda kwemutemo uye hachimutsiridzwe kana hukama hutsva hukazoparara.
Nekuda kwekuti mhedzisiro yacho yakakura kudaro, Dare Repamusorosoro rinoshandisa mutemo uyu zvine mwero, uye zvinodiwa zvacho zvinounganidzwa. Panofanira kuva nehukama hwerudo kwenguva yakati; vaviri ava vanofanira kugara pamwe chete; vanofanira kutarisira mhuri imwe chete; uye panofanira kuva nekutarisirana, zvichireva kuti vanopa mumwe nemumwe rubatsiro mune zvemhando kana zvemari. Ukama umo vaviri vanochengeta dzimba dzavo, kana kuti mumwe wavo anongogara nguva dzose, hahuna muedzo. Uye chibvumirano chekugara pamwe chete pakati pemugamuchiri nemudiwa mutsva hachigadzirise nyaya yacho, kunyangwe chiri humbowo hwakasimba.
Mutoro weuchapupu uri pamunhu anoda kurega kubhadhara, uye unonetsa. Kunyoresa pakero imwe chete mumagwaro emuguta ndiko kutanga, kwete humbowo; mugamuchiri akachengeta kunyoresa kwakasiyana nemaune anogona kuramba ari muchinyorwa, uye munhu akanyoreswa pamwe chete anogona kuramba asiri muchinyorwa chacho. Muchokwadi, humbowo hwakavakirwa kubva mumashoko ekubhangi, kutenga pamwe chete, social media, zvirevo kubva kuvavakidzani uye, kana zvichienderana uye zviri pamutemo, kucherechedzwa. Chinyorwa 1:160 BW hachishande pakuchengeta mwana: hukama hutsva hwemubereki anogamuchira hahuna simba pabasa rake kumwana.
Nguva yekuchengetwa kwemurume nemukadzi inotora kubva musi wa1 Ndira 2020
Mutemo weKugadzirisa Kuchengetedza Mudzimai (Wet herziening partneralalimentatie) unoshanda pakukumbira kurambana kwakaendeswa musi wa1 Ndira 2020 kana kuti mushure mawo. Pasi pawo, kuchengetedza muroorani kunogara kwehafu yenguva yemuchato, nemakore mashanu chete. Zuva iroro risati rasvika, huwandu hwaitarisirwa hwaive makore gumi nemaviri, uye nyaya dzaitongwa nemutemo wekare dzinochengetedza hurongwa ihwohwo.
Zvinhu zvitatu zvinosiyaniswa zvinowedzera nguva yacho, uye zvinonyanya kukosha kupfuura mutemo wepamusoro. Kana muchato wabereka vana vasati vasvika makore gumi nemaviri, mari yekuchengeta inoenderera kusvika mwana mudiki asvitsa makore gumi nemaviri. Kana muchato wacho wagara makore gumi nemashanu uye mugamuchiri achisvika makore gumi emudyandigere wehurumende, mari yekuchengeta inoenderera kusvika makore iwayo asvika. Uye kana mugamuchiri akazvarwa musi wa1 Ndira 1970 kana kuti asati asvika uye muchato wacho wakatora makore gumi nemashanu, asi makore emudyandigere wehurumende ari kure, nguva yacho imakore gumi. Kana pane zvinopfuura chimwe chete, nguva yakareba ndiyo inotonga.
Panewo mutemo wekuti zvinhu zviomere. Kana munhu akumbira, dare rinogona kuwedzera nguva yekuti mari yekuchengeta ipere zvekuti hazvigoneke kuti vakumbirwe. Chikumbiro chakadaro chinofanira kuitwa nguva isati yapera, inova nguva yakatarwa iyo munhu anogamuchira kwete iyo muripi anofanira kutarisa, uye kuwedzerwa kwenguva kunopiwa nekuda kweizvi kunogona kuganhurirwa nenguva.
Pakupedzisira, mapato anogona kubva panguva yakatarwa nemutemo nekubvumirana, munzira ipi neipi. Chibvumirano chekurambana chinogona kupa nguva pfupi, nguva yakareba kana kusavapo zvachose, uye pazvinoitika, chibvumirano pane kutonga kwemutemo. Kuongorora zvinotaurwa nesungano yako ndiyo danho rekutanga mune chero mubvunzo nezvenguva, uye ndiyo danho rinowanzo siyiwa. Nyaya yedu pamusoro pekuti chisungo chekuchengetedza chinoguma rinotsanangura mitemo yenguva zvakadzama.
Kana mari yekuchengeta mwana isingabhadharwi
Mari yekuchengeta vana inopera mumamiriro ezvinhu mashoma kupfuura zvinotarisirwa nevanobhadhara, uye boka revanhu vane chikwereti ichi rakakura kupfuura zvinotarisirwa nevakawanda.
Tanga nepfungwa yekuti ndiani ane chikwereti. Vabereki vepamutemo vane chikwereti chekuchengeta vana vavo, asi ndizvo zvakaitawo baba vemwana vakabereka mwana kunyangwe vasina kumbobvuma, uye ndizvo zvinoitawo mumwe akabvuma chiito chakaita kuti mwana aberekwe. Mubereki wekurera ane chikwereti chekuchengeta vana vemurume kana mukadzi wake akanyoreswa vari vemhuri yavo panguva yekuroorana kana hukama, pamwe chete nevabereki vepamutemo. Mhedziso yekuti hapana chekuchengeta chinofanira kubhadharwa nekuti hapana mubereki wepamutemo saka kazhinji haisiyo, uye zvakakosha kuti zviongororwe zvisati zvaitwa.
Zvino nguva yacho yasvika. Kusvika mwana asvitsa makore gumi nemasere, vabereki vese vanopa mari zvichienderana nezvavanowana. Pakati pegumi nemasere nemakumi maviri nerimwe, musengwa uyu unoramba uchienderera mberi pasi pechinyorwa 1:395a BW, uye iyi ndiyo pfungwa inowanzotaurwa zvisirizvo: inoshanda kungave mwana ari kudzidza kana kuti kwete, uye mwana haafanire kuratidza kushaiwa mupfungwa yakajairika. Basa riri parutivi rinoderedza huwandu asi haridzimi musengwa wacho pacharo. Kubva pazera remakore makumi maviri nerimwe, mari yekuchengeta inobhadharwa chete kana mwana asingakwanise kuzviriritira, semuenzaniso nekuda kwekuremara.
Pane zvikonzero zvitatu zvechokwadi zvinoita kuti mari yekuchengeta mwana ipere kana kuti ideredzwe kusvika pakushaya muripo. Mwana anozvimirira ega mune zvemari, izvo kumunhu mukuru ari pakati pemakore gumi nemasere nemakumi maviri nerimwe zvinoreva mari inobhadhara mari yake yekurarama. Mubereki anobhadhara anorasikirwa nekwanisi yekubhadhara, uye dare rinogona kuisa mari yacho pakushaya muripo, kunyangwe mubereki achitarisirwa kuita zvese zvaanogona kuti awane mari uye kudzikiswa kwemari yaanozvipa hakuzogamuchirwi. Kana kuti mwana kana mubereki anofa. Cherechedza kuti kubva pazera remakore gumi nemasere, mwana wacho ndiye anokweretesa: mari yekuchengeta inobhadharwa kwaari kwete kune mumwe mubereki, uye chero chikumbiro chekuchichinja chinofanira kuendeswa kwaari.
Kuchinja kana kugumisa gwaro rekuchengetedza riripo
Chibvumirano chakanyoreswa chinoramba chichishandiswa kusvika chachinjwa. Ndiwo musimboti wenyaya: kunyangwe paine chikonzero chekugumiswa basa, mugamuchiri anogona kuramba achichisimbisa kuburikidza nebazi remutemo kana kuburikidza neNational Maintenance Collection Agency (LBIO) kusvika basa racho ragadziriswa, uye zvikwereti zvichiwedzera panguva ino pamwe chete nehurongwa hwegore negore hwemutemo.
Chinyorwa 1:401 BW chinopa nzira mbiri. Kugadzirisa kunogona kuchinjwa kana kubviswa kana kusingachasviki pazvinodiwa nemutemo nekuda kwekuchinja kwemamiriro ezvinhu, semuenzaniso kurasikirwa nebasa, mutoro mutsva wekuchengetedza mhuri itsva, kurwara kwenguva refu kana kuwedzera kukuru kwemari yemugamuchiri. Zvinogonawo kuchinjwa apo sarudzo yekutanga yakavakirwa kubva pakutanga paruzivo rusina kururama kana rusina kukwana, inova ndiyo nzira yekutora uko mari yaive yakavanzwa panguva iyoyo.
Maitiro acho chikumbiro chinoendeswa kudare redunhu, umo mapato ese ari maviri anofanira kumiririrwa negweta. Dare rinogona kupa shanduko simba rekudzosa, asi rinozvidzora kana mugamuchiri atoshandisa mari yacho, saka kumirira hakuwanzo gadzirisa mhedzisiro. Kana mapato acho achigona kubvumirana, chibvumirano chakanyorwa muchibvumirano chitsva uye, zviri nani, chakasimbiswa nedare muchibvumirano chinokurumidza uye chakachipa pane kunzwa kunokwikwidzana; kuyananisa kazhinji ndiyo danho rekutanga rine musoro.
Imwe pfungwa inokosha inofanira kutaurwa nemazvo. Kana chikamu 1:160 BW chichishanda, chisungo chacho chapera nekushanda kwemutemo uye hapana mutongo wedare unokonzeresa izvozvo; mari dzakabhadharwa mushure menguva iyoyo hadzina kubhadharwa uye dzinogona kudzoserwa semubhadharo usina kukodzera, kunyangwe matare edzimhosva achishandisawo muganho pano. Izvozvo hazvireve kuti kumira kwemunhu mumwe chete kwakakodzera. Mubhadhari ndiye anotakura mutoro wekuratidza kugara pamwe chete, uye kana humbowo hukasakwana nechikwereti chemari yasara, mari yekumanikidza uye mubereko zvese zvinowira pamubhadhari. Nzira chaiyo ndeyekuunganidza humbowo, kuisa chinzvimbo kune rumwe rutivi mukunyora, uye kunyorera dare kuti rizivise kana paine gakava.
Pfupiso: kana mari yekuchengetedza isina chikwereti
| Kuchengetwa kwevakaroorana | Condition | Migumisiro |
|---|---|---|
| Hapana muchato kana hukama hwakanyoreswa | Kugara pamwe chete kwevanhu vasina kuroorana pasina chibvumirano | Hapana chisungo chinomboitika |
| Hapana mukana wekubhadhara | Mari inobhadharwa haina kukwana mushure mekushandisa mari yekurarama nayo | Kugadzirisa kwakaiswa pa nil |
| Hapana chikonzero | Munhu anogamuchira anogona kuzviriritira | Hapana chinosungirwa |
| Kuregererwa kwakabvumidzwa | Chinyorwa 1:158 BW, chakanyorwa muchibvumirano chekurambana | Hapana chinosungirwa |
| Nguva yemutemo yapera | Hafu yewanano, makore mashanu epamusoro, zvichienderana nezvisizvo | Zvinopera nemutemo |
| Wanano itsva, hukama hwepedyo kana kugara pamwe chete | Chinyorwa 1:160 BW, zvinodiwa zvakaunganidzwa | Zvinopera nemutemo uye zvachose |
| rufu | Mumwe wevaimbove mudiwa wavo anofa | Zvinopera nemutemo |
| Kuchengeta mwana | Condition | Migumisiro |
| Mwana ari kuzviriritira | Mari yaunowana inovhara mari yekurarama nayo | Yakaderedzwa kana kuti yakaiswa pa nil |
| Mwana ane makore makumi maviri nerimwe kana kupfuura | Kukwanisa kuzviriritira | Mutoro unoguma |
| Hapana mukana wekubhadhara | Yakaongororwa zvakasimba; kugona kuwana mari kuverengwa | Mupiro wakaiswa pa nil |
| rufu | Mwana kana mubereki anobhadhara anofa | Ends |
Zvikanganiso zvinodhura mari
Chikanganiso chinodhura zvikuru ndechekumisa kubhadhara pasina kuvimbisa chikonzero. Kana murairo ukaramba uchishandiswa, LBIO inounganidza zvikwereti zvasara zvinosanganisira muripo wekuwedzera, uye mari yemuhoro inosvika kumunhu waunoshandira. Kana wagutsikana kuti pane chikonzero, taura nekunyora, mira chete kana wapiwa zano, uye tanga maitiro acho ipapo ipapo pane kumirira kuti uone kana paine chinoitika.
Chechipiri kunonoka. Chikumbiro chekuchinja mari yekuchengeta chinowanzo tanga kushanda kubva pazuva rachinoiswa pakutanga, uye matare haadi kuraira kuti mari yekuchengeta yatoshandiswa idzoserwe. Mwedzi wega wega pakati pekuchinja kwemamiriro ezvinhu nekutumira chikumbiro imwedzi wausingazokwanisi kuwana mari yekuchengeta.
Chechitatu chiri kuvhiringidza marudzi maviri emari yekuchengeta. Nguva yepamutemo, kubviswa kwechikamu 1:158 BW uye kuguma kwechikamu 1:160 BW zvese zvine chekuita nemari yekuchengeta muwanano chete. Hapana kana chimwe chazvo chinotaura nezvemutoro wemwana, uye nharo inosanganisa vaviri ava hadziwanzopona pakutanga kwekunzwa nyaya.
Chechina kukanganwa kuverengerwa kwemari. Mari yekuchengetedza inogadziriswa nemutemo musi wa1 Ndira gore rega rega nechikamu chakatarwa neGurukota. Munhu anobhadhara mari iyi kwemakore akawanda ari kuwedzera chikwereti chake asingazive, uye chikwereti ichocho chinoramba chiripo kunyangwe chikwereti chacho chikazoguma.
Mibvunzo inowanzobvunzwa
Ko kana wandaimbodanana naye asingabvumirani kuti kuchengetedza kumire?
Kubvumirana kwavo hakudiwi. Kana chikonzero chepamutemo chichishanda, unogona kukumbira dare kuti riratidze kuti chisungo chapera kana kuti rishandure murairo, uye dare rosarudza. Kuramba kwerumwe rutivi hakurambidzi chikumbiro; zvinoreva kuti nyaya yacho inopokana uye humbowo hunofanira kuburitswa.
Ndingadzosa mari yekuchengeta yandakabhadhara ndisina chikwereti here?
Dzimwe nguva. Kana chisungo chakanga chatopera nekushanda kwemutemo, semuenzaniso pasi pechinyorwa 1:160 BW, mari yaibhadharwa mushure mezvo yaisafanira kubhadharwa uye inogona kudzoserwa. Kana shanduko yacho ichibva pachisarudzo chedare, dare rinosarudza pakudzoka uye rinoisa muganho kana mari yacho yashandiswa. Kuita nekukurumidza ndiko kunodzivirira chinzvimbo.
Mutemo wemakore mashanu unoshanda here pakuchengetwa kwemwana?
Kwete. Nguva yakatarwa nemutemo yakatangwa musi wa1 Ndira 2020 ine chekuita nekuchengeta mwana chete. Kuchengetwa kwemwana kunoitika kusvika mwana asvitsa makore gumi nemasere uye kunoramba kuripo kusvika makore makumi maviri nerimwe pasi pechinyorwa 1:395a BW, kungave kuti mwana wacho ari kudzidza here kana kuti kwete.
Mari yekurapwa inodhura zvakadii, uye ko kana ndisingakwanise kuibhadhara?
Mari dzinoshandiswa dzinosanganisira muripo wegweta nemari yedare, iyo inotarwa nemutemo uye zvinoenderana nerudzi rwenyaya. Rubatsiro rwemutemo runotsigirwa runowanikwa kune vanhu vane mari yavo nezvinhu zvavo zviri pasi pemiganhu yakatarwa gore rega rega neLegal Aid Board, uye kana zvakadaro unobhadhara mupiro wako wega. Gweta rinogona kukuudza panguva yekutora kana uchikwanisa.
Mudiwa wangu wekare akatamira kune mumwe munhu. Zvakwana here?
Kwete zvega. Chinyorwa 1:160 BW chinoda hukama hwerudo hwenguva yakati rebei, kugara pamwe chete, mhuri pamwe chete uye kutarisirwa kwese, uye zvese zvina zvinofanirwa kuratidzwa nemunhu anoda kurega kubhadhara. Kurooranazve kana kubatana kutsva kwakanyoreswa kuri nyore kwazvo kuratidza, nekuti inyaya yepamutemo.
Tingabvumirana here kuti nguva yakareba kana pfupi pane inotarwa nemutemo?
Ehe, pakuchengeta mwana nemurume/mukadzi. Chibvumirano chekurambana chinogona kutara nguva yakasiyana, kusabvisa zvachose kuchengetedza mwana, kana kuwedzera chikamu chisingachinji. Kuchengeta mwana hakugone kubviswa nekubvumirana pakati pevabereki, nekuti kodzero yacho ndeyemwana.
Zvokuita zvinotevera
Tanga nemagwaro kwete nemutemo. Chibvumirano chekurambana nemutemo wedare zvinosarudza zvakabvumiranwa nezvenguva, kunyorwa uye kugadziriswa, uye zvinowanzova nechikamu chinosarudza mubvunzo wacho zvakananga. Wobva waona kuti uri kuvimba nechikonzero chipi uye humbowo hupi hunotsigira izvozvo, wonyora zuva rakachinja mamiriro ezvinhu, nekuti zuva iroro rinoita kuti zvinhu zvidzokere shure.
Law and More inopa mazano kune vanobhadhara nevanogamuchira nezvezvisungo zvekuchengetedza pasi pemutemo weDutch, pakushandiswa kwechikamu 1:160 BW, pamitemo yenguva uye pazvikumbiro zvekuchinja kana kugumisa gwaro rekuchengetedza. Kana uchida kuziva kana uchiri nechikwereti chekuchengetedza, kana kuti odha inogona kuchinjwa here, ndapota taura nesu chikwata chemutemo wemhuri kuitira kuti faira rako rikwanise kuongororwa mari isati yasara.
