Gridhi rinofanirwa kunge riri sisitimu yakavharwa (gesloten systemeem) kana Netherlands Authority for Consumers and Markets ( ACM ) ikaibvuma, uye ichaita izvi chete kana gridhi ichizadzisa zvese zviri muChikamu 3.7 cheMutemo weEnergy. Chinhu chikuru chinofanira kurangarirwa: gridhi inopa mhuri, kana ine vanhu chiuru kana kupfuura vakabatana, haigone kuzivikanwa uye musimboti ndeyemushandi wegridi wenguva dzose.
Kubva musi wa1 Ndira 2026 mitemo iyi yakanyorwa muDutch Energy Act (Energiewet). Yakatsiva "system yekugovera yakavharwa" yekare (gesloten distributiesysteem) uye kusabvumirwa kwayo nenzira ine matanho maviri: kutanga kuzivikanwa sesystem yakavharwa, kwozotevera kugadzwa kwemushandi. Chitupa chinosarudza kana uchigona kutarisira grid iwe pachako kana kuburikidza nemushandi waunosarudza, uye kuti ndezvipi zvaunosungirwa kuita kune mapato akabatana nayo. Pazasi tinoongorora zvinodiwa zveChinyorwa 3.7 Energiewet chimwe nechimwe. Kuti uwane ruzivo rwakakura, ona chinyorwa chedu chekuongorora magrid ega uye masisitimu ekugovera akavharwa.
Pane hurongwa here zvachose?
Tarisa izvi kutanga. Zvinodiwa zveChinyorwa 3.7 Energiewet zvinongoshanda chete kana zvave pachena kuti kune sisitimu yekugovera, kwete kuiswa kana mutsetse wakananga.
Pasi peChinyorwa 1.1 Energiewet, sisitimu yekugovera magetsi itambo dzakabatana nemidziyo yekufambisa magetsi pavoltage iri pasi pe110 kV, kuti iendeswe kune vashandisi vekupedzisira kana vatengesi. Sisitimu yekugovera gasi ine chekuita nekutakura gasi munharaunda kana munharaunda, kwete network yekugadzira gasi.
Iyo Energiewet inobata kuiswa uye mutsetse wakananga sezvikamu zvakasiyana. Kuiswa kuri shure kwenzvimbo yekutumira yekubatanidza grid uye kunoshandiswa kana kutarisirwa nebato rimwe chete rakabatana. Harisi grid. Mutsetse wakananga kubatana kwakaparadzaniswa pakati pekuisa kwekugadzira nemushandisi mumwe kana kupfuura, ine mitemo yayo kuACM. Chikamu chipi chinoshanda chinoenderana nechokwadi: mashandiro anoita tambo, kuti ndiani anodzishandisa uye kuti ndiani anodzitarisira. Tinokurudzira kugadzira mepu iyi nokungwarira usati waisa.
Ndezvipi zvinodiwa neChinyorwa 3.7 Energiewet?
Zvinodiwa izvi zvinounganidzwa: ACM inongoziva system yakavharwa chete kana zvese zvikazadzikiswa. Kana zvangojeka kuti kune system yekugovera, ACM inoongorora zvinodiwa zviri muChinyorwa 3.7, ndima yekutanga, Energiewet pachikumbiro chako. Tinozvikurukura pazasi.
Pane mushandi wekare here, kana kuti sisitimu yacho chikamu cheboka rezvivakwa?
Hazvingadaro. Hapana mushandi angave atove akagadzwa kuti ashande muhurongwa uhwu, uye munyoreri anogona kunge asiri muboka rezvivakwa. Izvi zvinonzwika zviri pachena, asi zvine basa kana uchigadzirisa grid iripo kana kutenga nzvimbo iyo mushandi anenge atove kushanda.
Sisitimu iyi iri panzvimbo ine miganhu yenyika ine zvinongedzo chaizvo here?
Zvinofanira kunge zvakadaro. Sisitimu iyi inofanira kunge iri munzvimbo ine miganhu yeindasitiri kana yekutengeserana, kana nzvimbo ine mabasa akafanana. Funga nezvepaki yemakemikari, chiteshi chengarava kana nzvimbo yemaindasitiri, paki yebhizinesi kana nzvimbo yekurima horticulture yegreenhouse.
Mutemo unodawo hunyanzvi, hurongwa kana mashandiro mukati menzvimbo iyoyo. Saka mutsetse uri pamepu hauna kukwana. Panofanira kuva nekubatana chaiko pakati pesystem nenzvimbo yairi.
Mangani mapoka akabatana anogona kunge aripo?
Vasingasviki chiuru chimwe chete. Nevanhu vakabatana chiuru chimwe chete, hurongwa hwacho hunodarika muganho wepamutemo, saka 999 ndiyo yepamusoro. Kune nzvimbo zhinji dzemaindasitiri izvi hazvisi dambudziko. Zvisinei, mumapaki makuru emabhizinesi nezvivakwa zvinogara vanhu vakawanda, kuverengwa uku kunoda kutariswa, semuenzaniso kana vanhu vadiki vakagara pasi pekubatana kwakabatana. Mutemo hautsananguri maverengerwo ekuverenga mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro. Kana usina chokwadi, tinokurudzira kukurukura nzira iyi neACM usati wanyorera.
Sisitimu yakavharwa inogona kupa mhuri here?
Muchokwadi, kwete. Chikonzero ndechekudzivirirwa kwevatengi: mhuri dzinofanira kushandiswa neruzhinji, nedziviriro dzinouya nadzo. Mutemo unobvumidza kusashandiswa kwakaganhurirwa kwezvisina kurongeka nenhamba diki yevashandisi vemhuri vanoshandira muridzi wesystem kana vane hukama hwakafanana nemuridzi. Muenzaniso ndewemunhu anogara mukambani inogara panzvimbo iyi. Kusashandiswa uku kunotevera mitemo yeEurope.
Maitiro acho akabatanidzwa here, kana kuti sisitimu yacho inonyanya kupa muridzi?
Imwe yeizvi mbiri inofanira kushanda. Sarudzo yekutanga: mabhizinesi kana maitiro ekugadzira emapato akabatana anobatanidzwa nehurongwa nekuda kwezvikonzero zvehunyanzvi kana zvekuchengetedza. Izvi zvinowanzoitika muboka remakemikari, uko kuiswa kwemakambani akasiyana kwakabatana maererano nehunyanzvi hwemaitiro uye simba.
Sarudzo yechipiri: sisitimu iyi inonyanya kugovera magetsi kana gasi kumuridzi wayo kana mushandi wayo, kana kumakambani akabatana nayo. Hukama hwezvehupfumi pakati pemapato akabatana hahuna kukwana pasi pemutemo. Uchafanirwa kuratidza zvakanyatsojeka kubatanidzwa kwetekinoroji kana kuti chokwadi chekuti sisitimu iyi inonyanya kupa muridzi.
Zvakadini nekuchengetedzeka, kuvimbika uye mwero wemagetsi?
Izvi ndizvo zvimwewo zvinodiwa. Kuchengeteka uye kuvimbika kwesystem kunofanirwa kuchengetedzwa zvakakwana. Pamagetsi, voltage level haifanirwe kudarika 220 kV, kunze kwemidziyo inoshandura voltage zvakananga mushure mekubatana nesystem yekutumira.
Sisitimu haisati yagadzirwa here? Saka unogona kutonyorera kuti uzivikanwe, chero bedzi uine mapemiti, kuregererwa uye mvumo inodiwa kuti uivake uye sisitimu yacho inosangana nezvimwe zvinodiwa.
Zvinotora nguva yakareba sei kuti ACM isarudze?
Mwedzi mitanhatu, iyo inogona kuwedzerwa kamwe chete kusvika kumwedzi mitanhatu. Nguva iyi yekusarudza yakapihwa mumutemo wehurumende pasi peEnergiewet (Energieregeling) uye inotaurwawo neACM pachayo. Gadzirai nguva iyi yekutungamira mukuronga kwenyu kana kutengeserana kana chirongwa chichienderana nekuzivikanwa sehurongwa hwakavharwa.
Kuzivikanwa kunoreva here kuti mushandi akagadzwa?
Kwete. Kuzivikanwa pasi peChinyorwa 3.7 Energiewet nekugadzwa kwemushandi sarudzo mbiri dzakasiyana. Kana sisitimu yangozivikanwa, ACM inogadza, kana muridzi akumbira, mushandi anosarudzwa nemuridzi, pasi peChinyorwa 3.6 Energiewet.
Kune masisitimu aripo aive nerubatsiro pasi pemitemo yekare, Energiewet ine zvikamu zvekuchinja. Muchidimbu, muridzi wesisitimu yakadaro anoonekwa seane kucherechedzwa uye kugadzwa kwenguva yasara yerubatsiro rwekare.
Ndezvipi zvinosungirwa zvinotevera kubva pakuzivikanwa?
Kuzivikanwa kune zvisungo zvayo kune mushandi, zvakasiyana nezvinodiwa zvekuzivikanwa. Basa rekubatanidza nekutakura rakatsanangurwa zvakananga muChinyorwa 3.105 Energiewet. Kana akumbira, mushandi anofanira kupa chikumbiro chekuvaka kana kuchinja kubatana. Kana akumbira, anofanirawo kupa chikumbiro chekupa, kutarisira nekuchengetedza kubatana uye kutakura magetsi kana gasi. Mushandi anogona kuramba kana pasina huwandu hwakakwana hwekutakura, asi anofanira kupa zvikonzero zvakakodzera zvekuramba ikoko.
Mari yemushandisi inodzorwa nemutemo zvakare. Inofanira kunge yakavakirwa panzira yekuverenga yakaburitswa pachine nguva, uye inofanira kunge ichifunga nezvemutengo, yakajeka uye isingasaruri. Mushure mekunyunyuta, ACM inogona kukumbira mushandisi kuti agadzirise nzira kana kuti mari yacho.
Sisitimu yakavharwa haingobviswi pakugadzirisa kuzara kwemhepo. Energiewet inoshandisa zvisungo zvekugadzirisa kuzara kwemhepo zvakafanana kune mushandi wesisitimu yakavharwa.
Kodhi yemagetsi pasi peEnergiewet (Systeemcode elektronitiit 2026) inoda kuferefetwa kana huwandu hwekutakura hukasakwana, zvichisanganisira matanho ehunyanzvi, kuzara kwemagetsi uye manejimendi ekuzara kwemagetsi. Mushandi anofanirawo kushandisa zvimwe zviri mukodhi iyoyo uye yeInformation Code Electricity and Gas (Informatiecode elektronitiit en gas) pamaitiro emusika uye mameseji emagetsi. Kuti mutemo chaiwo wekutarisira kuzara kwemagetsi wevashandi vegrid unoshanda zvizere kune mushandi wako zvinoenderana nemutemo iwoyo. Izvi zvinoda kuongororwa nyaya imwe neimwe.
Ko ACM inogona kubvisa kucherechedzwa kwayo here?
Ehe. Pasi peChikamu 3.2 cheMutemo weSimba (Energiebesluit), ACM inogona kubvisa kuzivikanwa kwekambani iyi mumamiriro ezvinhu akati wandei. Izvi zvinosanganisira zviitiko apo zvinodiwa muChikamu 3.7 Energiewet hazvichazadzikiswi, apo sisitimu yacho isingatongwi nemushandi akagadzwa, apo mushandi anotyora zvimwe zvisungo, kana apo chikumbiro chacho chaive neruzivo rusina kururama kana rusina kukwana. Saka kubvisa kambani iyi injodzi chaiyo yepamutemo, kwete yedzidziso.
Ko hurongwa hweEuropean hunoenderana sei?
Maitiro ekuDutch anonyanya kutevedzera mutemo weEU: Chikamu 38 cheDirective (EU) 2019/944 chemagetsi uye Chikamu 28 cheDirective 2009/73/EC chegasi. Mitemo yese iri miviri inotaura nezvenzvimbo ine miganhu yeindasitiri kana yekutengeserana kana nzvimbo ine masevhisi anogovaniswa. Zvese hazvibatanidzi vatengi vemumba, kunze kwekushandiswa zvisina tsarukano nedzimba shoma dzine chinongedzo kumuridzi. Zvese zvinoda kubatanidzwa nekuda kwezvikonzero zvehunyanzvi kana zvekuchengetedza, kana kunyanya kupa kune muridzi, mushandi kana makambani ane hukama. Zvinobvumirawo kuregererwa kubva pakubvumidzwa kwemitero kare, uye kuongororwa kwemitero kana nzira dzekuverenga kana mushandisi akumbira.
Mirayiridzo iyi haiise huwandu hwemapato akabatana. Muganho wepasi pechiuru chimwe chete ndiwo mutemo wechiDutch muChinyorwa 3.7 Energiewet. Nezve gasi, Chinyorwa 32 cheDirective 2009/73/EC chinodawo mukana wekupinda kubva kune vamwe vanhu zvichibva pamitero yakaburitswa inoshandiswa nenzira kwayo. Pamagetsi, mitemo yakafara yeDirective (EU) 2019/944 pamusoro pekugoverwa, mitengo uye mukana wekupinda inoumba hwaro.
Grid inogona kurasikirwa nemamiriro ayo gare gare here?
Ehe. Grid inosangana nezvinodiwa nhasi inogona kusasangana nazvo mangwana. Kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwevanhu vakabatana, shanduko mumashandisirwo enzvimbo yacho, kutengeswa kwemayuniti ebhizinesi kana kubva kwemushandisi mukuru zvinogona kureva kuti zvinodiwa muChinyorwa 3.7 Energiewet hazvichasangana nazvo. ACM inogona kubvisa kuzivikanwa kwayo.
Uyu hausi mutemo wemutemo wenyaya. Izvi zvinotevera kubva pahuwandu hwemamiriro ezvinhu: shanduko yega yega inofanirwa kuongororwa zvichienderana neChinyorwa 3.7 zvakare. Saka tinokurudzira kuti tiongorore nguva nenguva kana mamiriro ese achiri kuzadzikiswa, sechikamu chenguva dzose chekutarisira grid yakavanzika.
Unoongorora sei kana grid yako inokodzera?
Tanga nezviripo. Unoda ongororo yechokwadi uye yepamutemo yegrid, nzvimbo yacho uye mapato akabatana, akaedzwa zvichienderana nemamiriro ese akabatanidzwa eChinyorwa 3.7 Energiewet. Kugadzirira kwakanaka kunodzivirira chikumbiro kuti chisakundikana, kana mushandi wegrid kuti asakwanise kutarisira grid pasina hwaro hwakakodzera. Chikwata chedu chemutemo wesimba chinogona kuongorora kana grid yako ichikodzera, kana kuti kuzivikanwa kuripo kana kuregererwa kwekare kuchiripo.
Muchidimbu
- ACM inobvuma hurongwa hwakavharwa chete kana zvese zvinodiwa muChinyorwa 3.7 Energiewet zvazadzikiswa.
- Mamiriro ezvinhu akakosha: nzvimbo ine miganhu ine zvinongedzo chaizvo, vanhu vakabatana vasingasviki chiuru, hapana mhuri (kunze kwenzvimbo diki) uye maitiro akabatanidzwa kana kupa muridzi zvakanyanya.
- Pamagetsi, huwandu hwemagetsi hahufanirwe kudarika 220 kV; kuchengetedzeka nekuvimbika zvinofanira kuchengetedzwa.
- ACM inosarudza mukati memwedzi mitanhatu, pamwe nekuwedzerwa kumwe chete kwemwedzi mitanhatu; kuzivikanwa nekugadzwa kwemushandi matanho akasiyana.
- Kuzivikanwa kunogona kubviswa, saka tarisa mamiriro acho zvakare mushure mekuchinja kwese kwakakodzera panzvimbo iyi.
Mibvunzo inowanzobvunzwa
Chii chinosiyanisa system yakavharwa ne public grid?
Sisitimu yakavharwa igrid yakavanzika panzvimbo yeindasitiri kana yekutengeserana yakaganhurana. Muchokwadi, hapana mhuri dzakabatana, uye muridzi ndiye anosarudza mushandi. Grid yeruzhinji inotarisirwa nemushandi wegrid wenguva dzose uye muchokwadi yakavhurika kune wese mushandisi, kusanganisira mhuri.
Asi system yakavharwa inogona kunge iine vanhu vangani vakabatana?
Vasingasviki chiuru chimwe chete, saka 999 chete. Mutemo hautsananguri kuti ungaverenga sei nyaya dzakadai sevanhu vanogara mudzimba dzavo. Kana usina chokwadi, kurukurai nezvenzira iyi neACM musati manyorera chikumbiro.
Sisitimu yakavharwa inogona kupa mhuri here?
Muchokwadi, kwete. Musiyano mushoma unoshanda pakushandiswa zvisina tsarukano nevashandisi vashoma vemhuri vanoshandira muridzi wesystem kana vane hukama hwakafanana nemuridzi, senge munhu anogara kukambani inogara panzvimbo iyi.
Maitiro ekuzivikanwa kweACM anotora nguva yakareba sei?
ACM inosarudza chikumbiro chekuzivikanwa mukati memwedzi mitanhatu. Inogona kuwedzera nguva iyi kamwe chete, kusvika kumwedzi mitanhatu. Funga nezveizvi paunenge uchironga kutengeserana kana chirongwa.
Chii chinoitika kune kuregererwa kuripo pasi pemitemo yekare?
Iyo Energiewet ine zviga zvekuchinja kwehurongwa hune kuregererwa pasi pemitemo yekare. Muridzi anoonekwa seane kucherechedzwa uye musangano wenguva yasara yekuregererwa, saka hapana chikumbiro chitsva chinodiwa munguva iyoyo.
Ko kuzivikanwa kunogona kubviswa kana kwangopihwa here?
Ehe. Pasi peChinyorwa 3.2 Energiebesluit, ACM inogona kubvisa kuzivikanwa, semuenzaniso kana zvinodiwa muChinyorwa 3.7 Energiewet zvisisina kuzadzikiswa, kana sisitimu isiri kutungamirirwa nemushandi akagadzwa, kana mushandi akatyora zvimwe zvisungo, kana chikumbiro chacho chine ruzivo rusina kururama kana rusina kukwana.
Ko sisitimu yakavharwa haina mutoro wekugadzirisa kuzara kwevanhu here?
Kwete, kwete otomatiki. Energiewet inoshandisa zvisungo zvekutarisira kuzara kwemagetsi zvinoenderana nemushandisi wesystem yakavharwa. Kana chisungo chaicho chichishanda zvizere chinofanira kuongororwa nyaya imwe neimwe.
Hauzive kuti uri papi? Tiudze nezvemamiriro ako ezvinhu. Tichakuzivisa zvaungasarudza mukati mezuva rimwe chete rekushanda.
