Chikumbiro ikodzero yekuita chimwe chinhu kubva kune rimwe bato: kazhinji kubhadhara, dzimwe nguva kuita kana chiito. Chinozotanga kushanda kana chasvika panguva yakatarwa, uye kubva ipapo mukweretesi anogona kuda kuita chinhu uye, kana chikasatevedzera, anokwereta anogona kutadza kuita basa rake uye okumbira mari yemubereko nemitero yekutora chikwereti.
Nguva mbiri dzinotonga hupenyu hwechikumbiro. Zvikumbiro zvizhinji zvechibvumirano zvekubhadhara zvinoiswa muganho wemakore mashanu kubva pazuva rakatorwa chikumbiro, uye nguva yacho inogona kukanganiswa nechikumbiro chakanyorwa chine kodzero yekuitwa. Chikumbiro chapera hachidzimwe asi chinova chisingazoshandiswi, izvo zvakafanana.
Chii chinonzi chikumbiro, uye ungachiwana sei?
Chirevo chinongodiwa nemunhu pane mumwe, kureva munhu kana kambani.
Chikumbiro chinowanzova chikumbiro chemari, asi chinogonawo kuva chikumbiro chekupa kana kuita chikumbiro kubva pakubhadhara zvisina kufanira kana chikumbiro chekukuvadzwa. Mukweretesi munhu kana kambani ine chikwereti che'performance' nemumwe. Izvi zvinobva muchibvumirano. Performance yakanaka inowanzonziwo 'chikwereti.' Saka, mukweretesi anogona kuramba achikumbira chikwereti, saka izwi rekuti mukweretesi. Bato rinopa performance kumukweretesi rinonzi 'mukweretesi.' Kana performance ichisanganisira kubhadhara mari, bato risati rabhadhara mari rinonzi 'mukweretesi.' Mapato anoda performance mumari anonziwo 'vakweretesi.' Zvinosuwisa kuti, dambudziko nechikumbiro nderekuti hachigarozadzikiswa kunyangwe izvi zvakabvumiranwa kana kuti mutemo wazvipa. Nekuda kweizvozvo, matare edzimhosva nekutora mari ari kuenderera mberi maererano nezvikumbiro. Asi chii chaizvo chinonzi chikumbiro?
Arising claim
Chirevo chinowanzoitika kubva muchibvumirano chaunobvuma kuita chimwe chinhu mukudzorera icho mumwe munhu anopa kufunga nezvazvo. Kana wangozadzisa chibvumirano chako uye wozivisa mumwe munhu kuti unoda kutariswa, kodzero yekuita inomuka. Pamusoro pezvo, chikumbiro chinogona kuitika, semuenzaniso, kana iwe ukangoerekana waendesa kubhengi account isiriyo. Iwe unenge waita 'mubhadharo usingakodzeri' uye unogona kudzoreredza mari yakatamiswa kubva kumubati weakaundi yebhangi. Saizvozvo, kana iwe wakatambura kurasikirwa nekuda kwezviito zvemumwe munhu (kana kusiiwa), unogona kutora muripo wekurasikirwa ikoko kubva kune mumwe munhu. Chisungo chemuripo ichi chinogona kubva mukutyora kondirakiti, zviga zvemutemo, kana kukanganisa.
Recoverability of claim
Iwe unofanirwa kuzivisa kune mumwe munhu kuti ane chikwereti kwauri chimwe chinhu kana kuti anofanira kukupa chimwe chinhu mukudzoka. Chete mushure mekunge wapedza izvi zvinozivikanwa ndipo chikumbiro chakakodzera. Zvakanakisisa kuita izvi nekunyora.
Chii chaungaita kana mukwereti akakundikana kugutsa chikumbiro chako uye (munyaya yekuda mari) asingabhadhare, semuenzaniso? Iwe unofanirwa kubva watora chikumbiro, asi izvo zvinoshanda sei?
Kuunganidza chikwereti kunze kwedare
Pakukumbira zvikwereti, unogona kushandisa sangano rekuunganidza zvikwereti. Izvi zvinowanzoitwa pakukumbira zvikwereti zviri nyore. Pakukumbira zvikwereti zvakakwirira, gweta rekuunganidza zvikwereti chete ndiro rine hunyanzvi. Zvisinei, kunyangwe pakukumbira zvikwereti zviri nyore uye zvidiki, zvingave zvakanaka kubvunza gweta rekuunganidza zvikwereti, sezvo magweta ekuunganidza zvikwereti anowanzo kuve nani pakupa mhinduro dzakagadzirwa. Zvakare, gweta rekuunganidza zvikwereti rinogona kuongorora zviri nani uye kuramba dziviriro yemukwereti. Uyezve, sangano rekuunganidza zvikwereti harina mvumo yekusimbisa kuti mukwereti anobhadhara zviri pamutemo, uye gweta rekuunganidza zvikwereti rinobhadhara. Kana mukwereti asingatevedzere tsamba dzekusheedza kubva kusangano rekuunganidza zvikwereti kana gweta rekuunganidza zvikwereti uye kuunganidza zvikwereti zvisiri pamutemo kusina kushanda, unogona kutanga maitiro ekutonga.
Kuunganidza chikwereti chematare
Kumanikidza ane chikwereti kubhadhara, unoda mutongo. Kuti uwane mutongo, unofanirwa kutanga matanho emutemo. Iyi kutongwa kwemutemo inosungirwa kutanga negwaro resamanisi. Kana zvine chekuita nemari ye25,000 €, - kana isingasviki, unogona kuenda kudare redunhu. Padare redzimhosva, gweta harisungirwe, asi kuhaya munhu kunogona kuve kungwara. Semuenzaniso, masamanisi anofanira kunyorwa zvakanyatsonaka. Kana masamanisi akasazadzisa zvinodiwa nemutemo, unogona kunzi haubvumirwe nedare, uye hauzokwanisi kuwana mutongo. Naizvozvo, zvakakosha kuti masamanisi anyorwe nenzira kwayo. Samanisi inofanirwa kupihwa zviri pamutemo (yakapihwa) nemubatsiri.
Kana iwe wawana mutongo uchipa zvichemo zvako, unofanirwa kutumira mutongo iwoyo kumubatsiri, anogona kuushandisa kumanikidza mukwereti kubhadhara. Saka, zvinhu zvemukwereti zvinogona kutorwa.
Statute of limitations
Zvakakosha kuti utore chikumbiro chako nekukurumidza. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti zvirevo zvinorambidzwa-nguva mushure menguva yakati. Kana chikumbiro chikarambidzwa nguva zvinoenderana nerudzi rwekuda. Sezvo mutemo wakajairika, nguva yekuganhurira yemakore makumi maviri inoshanda. Zvakadaro, kune zvakare zvirevo zvinorambidzwa-nguva mushure memakore mashanu (kune tsananguro yakadzama yenguva yekumisikidza, ona rimwe bhurogi redu, 'Chirevo chinopera riini') uye, kana iri yekutenga kwevatengi, mushure memakore maviri. Zvikumbiro zvinotevera zvinorambidzwa-nguva mushure memakore mashanu:
- Kuzadzisa chibvumirano chekupa kana kuita (semuenzaniso, chikwereti chemari)
- Kubhadhara nguva nenguva (semuenzaniso, kubhadhara rendi kana muhoro)
- Kubva pakubhadhara kwausina kufanira (semuenzaniso, nekuti waita netsaona kuendesa kubhengi account isiriyo)
- Kubhadhara kukuvara kana chirango chakabvumiranwa
Nguva imwe neimwe iyo nguva inotyisidzira kupera uye nguva yekumisa inopera, mukweretesi anogona kubatanidza nguva itsva kwairi neinonzi kuvhiringidzwa. Kuvhiringidza kunoitwa nekuzivisa mukwereti isati yapera nguva yekumisikidza kuti chikumbiro chichiripo, semuenzaniso, kushandisa chiyeuchidzo chekubhadhara chakanyoreswa, kudiwa kwekubhadhara, kana masamanisi. Chaizvoizvo, mukweretesi anofanira kukwanisa kuratidza kuti nguva yacho yakavhiringidzwa kana mukwereti akakumbira kudzivirira kunyorerwa. Kana iye asina humbowo, uye mukwereti nekudaro anokumbira nguva yekumisikidza, haakwanise kumanikidza chikumbiro.
Saka zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti rudzi rwechikumbiro chako nderwerudzii uye kuti nguva yekuganhurirwa inoenderana nei. Kana nguva yekuganhurirwa yapera, hauchakwanise kumanikidza mukwereti wako kuti agutse chikumbiro chako.
Ndapota taurai nemagweta edu kuti muwane rumwe ruzivo nezvekubhadhara zvikwereti zvemari kana kushandisa mutemo wemiganhu. Tinofara kukubatsirai!
