Kuraira vanhu mumutemo weDutch: zvirevo zvakatsanangurwa

Mutemo wekuDutch unoti: kodzero yemumwe munhu, mukweretesi (schuldeiser), yekukumbira kuti mumwe munhu aite chimwe chinhu kubva kune mumwe munhu, mukweretesi (schuldenaar). Kubhadhara kunogona kunge kuri kubhadhara mari, kutumira zvinhu, kuita chiito, kana kurega kuita chiito. Chikumbiro chinowanikwa chete kana paine chisungo, uye pasi pemutemo weDutch chisungo chinogona kungobva panzvimbo inocherechedzwa nemutemo, kunyanya chibvumirano, chiito chisina kururama, kana mutemo wemutemo.

Kuraira chii, uye chii chisiri

Mukweretesi uye mukwereti: zvinoreva kubhadharisa mari mumutemo weDutch

Chikumbiro divi rimwe chete rehukama hwepamutemo. Bhuku 6 reDutch Civil Code (Burgerlijk Wetboek) rinodana hukama ihwohwo kuti verbintenis, chisungo. Kana richionekwa kubva kudivi remukwereti, chikwereti (schuld); kana richionekwa kubva kudivi remukweretesi, chikumbiro (vordering). Huviri uhwu hukama hwakafanana hunotsanangurwa kubva kumagumo akasiyana, ndosaka dziviriro inoparadza chisungo ichi ichiparadza chikumbiro nacho. Izvozvo zvine mhedzisiro inoshanda iyo vanhu vanowanzo shaya. Kubhadharisa chikwereti ipfumawo. Mutemo weDutch unobata chikumbiro sekodzero yepfuma, zvinoreva kuti inogona kutengeswa uye kupihwa, kuvimbiswa sechibatiso, yakabatanidzwa nevanokweretesa chikwereti, uye inosanganisirwa munhaka kana kufa. Bhizinesi rine portfolio yezvinobhadharwa zvine chimwe chinhu chinogona kubhadharwa, uye bhizinesi rine mutengi anokundikana kubhadhara rine chimwe chinhu chakarasikirwa nehukuru hwaro husiku. Rinotsanangurawo kuti kubhadharisa chikwereti hakusi chii. Haisi invoice. Invoice humbowo hwechikumbiro uye chikumbiro chekubhadhara; chikumbiro chiripo nekuti zvinhu zvakaunzwa kana kuti basa rakaitwa pasi pechibvumirano, kwete nekuti gwaro rakapihwa. Uyewo chikumbiro hachina kufanana nechikumbiro: kutumira tsamba hakugadzi kodzero, uye bato risina hwaro hwepamutemo harina chikumbiro zvisinei nekuti rinonyora zvakasimba sei. Nyaya yedu ine chekuita nazvo pamusoro pe chii chinonzi kudai anosvika panyaya imwe chete kubva pamaonero emunhu anokweretesa ari kutsvaga muripo.

Zvinhu zvitatu zvinofanira kuva nazvo pane chimwe nechimwe chirevo

Zvinhu zviri muchikumbiro chiripo pasi pemutemo weDutch

Chikumbiro chichagara chiripo pakuongororwa chine zvikamu zvitatu, uye chisina kusimba pane zvitatu izvi ndicho chinosarudza mhedzisiro yenharo. Chekutanga ndechemapato. Panofanira kuva nemukweretesi anozivikanwa uye mukweretesi anozivikanwa. Izvozvo zvinonzwika sezvisina basa kusvika chikumbiro chaunzwa kune sangano risiri iro muboka remakambani, kana kumutungamiriri pachake uko chibvumirano chakaitwa nekambani, kana kuti bato riri mubvumirano rakabatana kana kuputswa. Kuzivisa kuti ndiani ane chikwereti, uye kuchisimbisa nerejista yekutengeserana, ndiyo danho rekutanga mune chero faira uye rinowanzo siyiwa. Chechipiri ibasa (prestatie). Mutemo weDutch unoda kuti basa rionekwe kana kuti rive rinogona kutsanangurwa. Chikumbiro chemari chaiyo, chekuendeswa kwekutumira kwakatsanangurwa, kwekupedzisa basa rakatarwa muchirevo, kana kuti chiito chakatsanangurwa chimire chinogona kusimbiswa. Chikumbiro chekuripwa nekuda kwekukanganiswa, pasina zvimwe, hachisi, nekuti dare harigone kupa mutongo wechimwe chinhu chisina kutsanangurwa. Chechitatu ihwaro hwepamutemo (rechtsgrond). Mutemo weDutch wakavharwa pane izvi: zvisungo zvinomuka chete kana mutemo uchiti ndizvo. Muchokwadi, zvinoreva imwe yenzvimbo shoma dzekuwana ruzivo.

Contract. Chibvumirano chakaitwa zviri pamutemo chinosunga mapato acho, uye zvinosungirwa zvinoitwa zvinoenderana nezvakabvumiranwa uye zvinowedzerwa nekunzwisisa uye kururama.
Chiito chakaipa (onrechtmatige daad). Chinyorwa 6:162 cheMutemo weVanhu chinomanikidza munhu anoita chiito chisiri pamutemo chaakapihwa kuti aripe kukuvara kunokonzerwa nebato iri.
Statute. Mimwe mirau inotevera zvakananga kubva pamutemo: mirau yekuchengetedza mumutemo wemhuri, zvikwereti zvemitero, uye mirau yepamutemo kuvashandi mienzaniso.
Kupfuma zvisina kururama uye kubhadharwa zvisina kufanira. Munhu akapfuma nemutengo wemumwe munhu asina chikonzero chepamutemo anofanira kuripa kurasikirwa ikoko kusvika pamwero wakakodzera, uye mari yakabhadharwa pasina chikonzero chepamutemo inogona kudzoserwa semubhadharo usina kukodzera.
Kupindira kwekuzvidira (zaakwaarneming). Munhu anotarisira zvido zvemumwe munhu zvine musoro asingamanikidzwi kuita izvozvo anogona kudzoreredza mari yaakabhadhara.

Kuziva hwaro hwakarurama hakusi kudzidzira. Kunosarudza mutoro wekupa humbowo, nguva yekuganhurirwa, chiyero chemari yekuripa, uye kazhinji dare ripi richanzwa nyaya yacho.

Mhando huru dzezvikumbiro uye nei musiyano wacho uchikosha

Mhando dzezvikumbiro pasi pemutemo weDutch uye chinzvimbo chavo mukukundikana kubhadhara

Maitiro eDutch anosiyanisa zvikumbiro kutanga nezvinodiwa, uye ipapo nekuchengetedzwa kana kuti zvinhu zvakakosha zviri pazviri. Misiyano yese miviri ine mhedzisiro yakananga yemari. Nezviri mukati, zvikamu zvitatu zvikuru zvinosanganisira chikumbiro chekubhadhara mari, chikumbiro chekushanda muchimiro (nakoming), uye chikumbiro chekukuvadzwa (schadevergoeding). Mukweretesi anotarisana neanokweretesa anotadza kubhadhara anowanzova nesarudzo pakati pazvo, uye sarudzo yacho ine musoro. Kuita zvinoda kubhadhara kunoita kuti chibvumirano chirambe chiripo uye ndiyo nzira chaiyo iyo anokweretesa anogona kupa chimwe chinhu chaunoda chaizvo. Kugumisa chibvumirano uye kukumbira kukuvadzwa kunokudzorera, mune zvemari, kwawaizodai uri kudai chibvumirano chakaitwa, uye ndiyo nzira chaiyo iyo hukama hwaparara. Mutemo weDutch unobvumirawo anokweretesa kumisa kushanda kwake nepo mumwe munhu ari kutadza kubhadhara, uye kubhadhara zvikwereti zvekubatana, zvese zvinowanzo shanda kupfuura kutongwa. Nekusarudzwa, musiyano unosarudza kuti mukweretesi anoona mari yakawanda sei uri pakati pezvikumbiro zvakachengetedzwa, zvekusarudza uye zvenguva dzose. Tafura iri pazasi inoratidza zvikamu zvakakosha kana mukweretesi achizoonekwa kuti haana mari.

chikamu	Chii ichocho	Muenzaniso wakajairika	Chinzvimbo panyaya yekukundikana kubhadhara
Chikumbiro chakachengetedzwa	Chikumbiro chinotsigirwa nekodzero yekuvimbisa kana kuti mortgage pamusoro pezvinhu zvakati.	Chikwereti chebhangi chakachengetedzwa nechikwereti chemba pamusoro penzvimbo dzebhizinesi.	Ane Simba. Mukweretesi akachengetedzwa anogona kusimbisa kuchengetedzwa kwake sekunge pasina kubhuroka.
Chikwereti chepfuma	Chikwereti chakawanikwa nepfuma mushure mekuraira kwekusashanda zvakanaka.	Mari yemutariri, rendi uye mihoro yenguva yakatevera odha.	Kubhadharwa kubva munhaka isati yasvika nguva yekubhadhariswa mari yese isati yasvika pakubhuroka.
Chikumbiro chekusarudza	Chikumbiro icho mutemo unoisa pakutanga.	Zvikwereti zvemitero zvinofanirwa kubhadharwa kuBelastingdienst uye mari yepuraimari inobhadharwa kuUWV.	Kubhadharwa pamberi pevakweretesiwo zvavo, mushure mezvikwereti zvenhaka.
Chikumbiro chakajairika	Chikumbiro chisina kuchengetedzwa uye chisina kukosha kwemutemo.	Invoice yemutengesi isina kubhadharwa kana muripo wekupa mazano.	Mari inobhadharwa kubva pane zvasara, izvo kazhinji hazvishandi.
Chikumbiro chiri pasi pemutemo	Kutaura kwekuti mapato akabvumirana kuri kumashure kwemamwe.	Chikwereti chemugovani chakaiswa pasi pebhangi.	Yekupedzisira mumutsara.

Chidzidzo kune vatengesi hachina kunaka asi chiri nyore: chikumbiro chenguva dzose ndicho chinzvimbo chisina kusimba mumutsara, uye nguva yekuvandudza ndiyo nguva apo chibvumirano chapera, kwete apo mutengi arega kubhadhara. Chikamu chekuchengetedza zita remunhu chinochengetedza muridzi wezvinhu kusvika zvabhadharwa, kodzero yekuvimbisa pamusoro pezvinobhadharwa kana masheya inoshandura mukweretesi wenguva dzose kuita chekuchengetedza, uye kodzero yekuchengetedza inobvumira kontrakita kana mugadziri kuchengetedza zvinhu kusvika bhiri ragadziriswa. Mukuru wehurumende chinzvimbo chevanokweretesa pawebhusaiti yebhizinesi rehurumende yeDutch inotsanangura nzira iyo mutariri wepfuma anogovanisa nayo nhaka.

Kana chikumbiro chave kushanda: zuva rekupedzisira, kusaita chibvumirano uye chiziviso

Kubva pazuva rekupedzisira kusvika pakutadza kubhadhara: hupenyu hwechikumbiro muNetherlands

Kuva nechikumbiro uye kukwanisa kuchisimbisa zvinhu zviviri zvakasiyana. Zvikamu zviviri zviri pakati pavo. Chekutanga ndechekuti chikumbiro chinofanira kunge chiripo uye chiripo (opeisbaar). Kana mapato akabvumirana nguva yekubhadhara, chikumbiro chinotanga kana nguva iyoyo yapera. Kana vasina kubvumirana hapana, chinofanira kubhadharwa ipapo ipapo, uye nguva yekubhadhara yepamutemo inoshanda kuma invoice pakati pemabhizinesi. Chechipiri ikusabhadhara (verzuim). Mubereko, kukuvara kwekuita kunonoka uye mari yekuunganidza kunze kwedare zvinowanzotanga kushanda kana mukwereti atadza kubhadhara. Kusabhadhara kunowanzoda chiziviso chakanyorwa chekusabhadhara (ingebrekestelling) chinoisa nguva yekupedzisira yakakodzera yekuita. Zvinoitika zvoga, pasina chiziviso, apo zuva rakatarwa rekuita basa rapfuura, apo chisungo chinobva pachiito chisina kururama, apo mukwereti anotaura kuti hachizoshande, kana apo kuita kwave kusingagoneki zvachose. Chiziviso chekusabhadhara chikwereti ndicho chimwe chezvikanganiso zvinowanzoitwa mumafaira echikumbiro eDutch. Mukweretesi anogumisa chibvumirano kana kukumbira kukuvara kwekuita kunonoka asina kuisa mukwereti mukutadza kubhadhara zvakanaka anogona kuwana chikumbiro chose charambwa, kwete nekuti chikwereti chakanga chisina kukweretwa asi nekuti danho rakaita kuti chikwereti chisimbiswe harina kumbotorwa. Kune chimwe chinodiwa kune vatengi vasati vabhadhariswa mari yekutora zvinhu, muchimiro chetsamba yemazuva gumi nemana yepamutemo, uye gwara redu rekuti kuunganidza chikwereti muNetherlands inotsanangura kuti tsamba iyoyo inofanira kunyorwa sei.

Kuratidza zvataurwa

Mutemo weDutch unoisa mutoro weuchapupu kune bato rinotevedzera mhedzisiro yepamutemo: mukweretesi anoratidza chibvumirano uye kutumirwa, mukweretesi anoratidza muripo, mushonga wechiremba kana chero chimwe chinhu chekudzivirira. Muchokwadi, chikumbiro chinohwinwa kana kurasika pafaira kwete panharo. Chinodiwa chibvumirano nechero mamiriro akajairika, nehumbowo hwekuti mamiriro acho akapihwa kare kana panguva yechibvumirano, kusimbiswa kweodha, humbowo hwekutumira kana kuita, invoice ine humbowo hwekutumira, uye tsamba iyo mukweretesi akaita kana asina kupokana neinvoice. Kunyarara kune huremu hweuchapupu. Mukweretesi anogamuchira mainvoice kwemwedzi yakawanda asina kuratidzira uye ozopokana nehunhu hwebasa anotarisana nemubvunzo uri pachena wekuti sei pasina chakataurwa panguva iyoyo. Kusiyana neizvi, mukweretesi asingapindure kunyunyuto yakanyorwa anogona kuona kuti yadzikisira chinzvimbo chake, nekuti chikumbiro maererano nekushanda kusina kunaka chinogona kudziviswa kana mukweretesi asina kuziviswa mukati menguva yakakodzera mushure mekunge chikanganiso chawanikwa.

Muganho: kuti chikumbiro chinogara kwenguva yakareba sei

Hapana kubhadhariswa kwechikwereti mumutemo weDutch kunogara nekusingaperi, uye kuganhurira (verjaring) kunoparadza zvikumbiro zvakawanda kupfuura chero dziviriro pamusoro pezvakakosha. Mutemo mukuru wekukumbira kuzadzisa chisungo chechibvumirano inguva yemakore mashanu, inotangira pazuva rakatevera chikumbiro chaifanira kubhadharwa uye kubhadharwa. Zvikumbiro zvekukuvadzwa zvinotongwa nehurongwa hwazvo: makore mashanu kubva pazuva rakatevera iro munhu akakuvadzwa aziva zvese kukuvara uye munhu ane mhosva, nenguva refu yekumira kwemakore makumi maviri kubva pachiitiko, inowedzerwa mune zvimwe zviitiko zvakaita sekukuvara kwemunhu. Chikumbiro chemutengi wemutengi pasi pechibvumirano chekutengesa chinotarisirwa kwenguva pfupi, uye kana pasina mutemo wakakosha unoshanda nguva yasara makore makumi maviri. Muganho unogona kudzoserwa. Chikumbiro chakanyorwa kana kutaurirana kwakanyorwa umo mukweretesi anochengetedza kodzero yake yekuita zvinotanga nguva itsva inotangira zuva rinotevera, sezvakaita kutanga kwenyaya kana kubvuma chikwereti neanokwereta. Chisingadzose muganho chiyeuchidzo chemukati, kufona kusina kupindurwa, kana chirevo cheakaundi chinotumirwa pasina chiratidzo chekuti muripo uchiri kukumbirwa. Kuchengeta makopi ane mazuva echikumbiro chega chega ndiyo dziviriro yakachipa iripo. Nyaya yedu pamusoro pe mutemo wemiganhu mumutemo weDutch inoshanda munguva dzacho zvakadzama. Mutongo unoshandura mufananidzo. Kana chikumbiro chasimbiswa nedare, kodzero yekusimbisa mutongo iwoyo inotongwa kwenguva yakareba yemakore makumi maviri, iyo inogona kukanganiswa pachayo, saka mutongo unowanikwa pamusoro pemukwereti asina chinhu nhasi unoramba uchibatsira kana mamiriro emukwereti akavandudzika.

Kubva pakudiwa kusvika pakutongwa

Kubhadharisa mari mumutemo weDutch kunobva pakukumbirwa kusina kubhadharwa kuenda kumari muakaundi kuburikidza nezvikamu zviviri, uye zvikumbiro zvakawanda hazvibvi pakutanga. Chikamu cherunyararo (minnelijk traject) chine chiyeuchidzo, chikumbiro chepamutemo, uye pazvinenge zvichidikanwa chiziviso chekusabhadhara uye hurongwa hwekubhadhara. Sangano rekuunganidza mari rinogona kurairwa panguva ino, uye kubva pakaunzwa Mutemo weKuunganidza Zvikwereti, masangano akadaro anofanira kunyorwa murejista yevanopa masevhisi ekuunganidza zvikwereti inochengetwa naJustis. Chisingagone kuitwa nesangano kumanikidza chero chinhu: rine masimba chaiwo emukweretesi akariraira, kureva simba rekunyora nekutaurirana. Chikamu chekutonga (gerechtelijk traject) chinotanga netsamba yekushevedza (dagvaarding) inoshumirwa nemubati wematare (gerechtsdeurwaarder), mukuru wehurumende akagadzwa nemutemo wehumambo. Mari inosvika pamuganho wepamutemo wedare redunhu, uye zvisinei nehuwandu hwenyaya dzese dzebasa, rendi, chikwereti chevatengi uye kutengesa kwevatengi, dzinonzwikwa nekantonrechter, uko kumiririrwa kwemutemo kusiri kwekumanikidzwa. Zvikumbiro zvikuru uye zvakaoma zvinoenda kudare redunhu, uko kunodiwa kumiririrwa negweta. Kana munhu ane chikwereti akasauya, mutongo unopihwa pasina kutongwa; kana zvikaitika, pane kuchinjana zvirevo zvakanyorwa, kazhinji kunzwa nemuromo, uye kutonga kunoitwa.

Kusimbisa mutongo

Mutongo unopa mukweretesi zita rekuti munhu anofanira kusungirwa (executoriale titel). Muchengeti wemari anopa kopi yepamutemo yemukweretesi pamwe chete nechikumbiro chekubhadhara, uye mushure meizvozvo chete ndipo panogona kuteverwa mutemo. Kubva ipapo muchengeti wemari anogona kubatanidza mihoro kana mabhenefiti mumaoko emushandirwi kana sangano rinobhadhara, kubatanidza nekuburitsa maakaundi ebhangi, kutora nekutengesera pfuma inofambiswa, uye kunyoresa chibatiso papfuma isingafambiswe zvichikonzera kutengeswa kwechisimba. Masheya ekambani anogona kubatanidzwawo. Mutemo unoisa miganhu iyo mukweretesi anofanira kuisa muzvinotarisirwa zvake. Mari shoma yakachengetedzwa, iyo beslagvrije voet, inofanira kusiiwa kune ane chikwereti, uye inoverengerwa nemuchengeti wemari kubva padata repamutemo remari. Zvinhu zvinodiwa muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva uye zvishandiso zvinodiwa nemukweretesi kuti awane raramo hazvigone kutorwa. Hapana mutongo wekusakwanisa kubhadhara chikwereti. Apo vakweretesi vakawanda vari kumanikidza panguva imwe chete, vanogovana zvinounganidzwa kuburikidza nerejista yepakati, saka kuva wekutanga panguva hakunyanyi kukosha pane kuva nechokwadi nezvezviripo zvekuunganidza.

Kutamisa, kuvimbisa uye kushandisa chikumbiro sepfuma

Nekuti chikumbiro ikodzero yepfuma, chinogona kutamiswa uye kudzvinyirirwa, uye mabhizinesi anoita izvi nguva dzose, kazhinji asingazvitsananguri nemashoko iwayo. Basa (cessie) rinoendesa chikumbiro kune mumwe mukweretesi mutsva. mutemo anoziva mafomu maviri. Mubasa reveruzhinji, chikumbiro chinotumirwa nedhidhi uye mukwereti anopihwa chiziviso; kubva panguva iyoyo mukwereti anogona chete kubhadhara chikwereti nekubhadhara mukweretesi mutsva. Mubasa risingazivikanwe, kutumirwa kunoitwa nedhidhi yenotarial kana nedhidhi yemunhu yakanyoreswa nevatungamiriri vemitero, uye hapana chiziviso chinopihwa, ndiyo nzira iyo mari yekugamuchira mari inowanzo rongwa: mutengi anoramba achibhadhara mutengesi wekutanga kusvika muridzi wemari asarudza kuburitsa pachena basa racho. Kodzero yekuvimbisa pamusoro pemari inobhadharwa inoshanda nenzira imwechete uye ndiyo chengetedzo inonyanya kudiwa nebhangi reDutch rinotora bhizinesi rekutengesa. Pano zvakare chivimbiso chinogona kuburitswa pachena kana kusaburitswa pachena, uye chivimbiso chisina kuburitswa chinozorodzwa nguva nenguva kuitira kuti ma invoice matsva afukidzwe. Miganhu miviri yakakosha kuziva. Chekutanga, chibvumirano chinogona kudzora kana kusabvisa basa, uye apo chikamu chakanyorwa kuti chikanganise chikumbiro pachacho pane kungoita chivimbiso chechibvumirano, basa rinotyorwa rinokundikana zvachose. Dare Repamusorosoro rakatonga kuti chikamu chakadaro chinofungidzirwa kuti chine simba rechibvumirano chete kunze kwekunge mashoko acho achiratidza kuti mapato aida kuti chikumbiro chisapfuudzirwe, saka kunyora kwakarurama kunosarudza kana muridzi wemari achiwana chero chinhu. Vanotenga mapotifolio anogamuchirwa nemabhizinesi anovimba nekutengesa vanofanira kuverenga chikamu chekugoverwa kwemari muchibvumirano chega chega vasati vafunga kuti mari yavo inogona kubhadharwa. Chechipiri, mukwereti anoramba achizvidzivirira. Munhu akapihwa chikwereti anowana chikumbiro sezvachiri, kusanganisira chero kodzero yekubhadharisa mari, gakava ripi zvaro pamusoro pemhando yekushanda uye chero chibvumirano chekunonoka kubhadhara. Kutenga chikumbiro usina kuona faira riripo kutenga nyaya yemhosva.

Zvikumbiro zvepamuganhu: mutemo upi uye dare ripi

Kana mukweretesi nemukweretesi vakagadzwa munyika dzakasiyana, mibvunzo miviri inouya pamberi pezvakakodzera. Mutemo upi unodzora chikumbiro, uye dare ripi rinogona kuchinzwa. Pazvikumbiro zvechibvumirano mukati meEuropean Union, mutemo unoshanda unosarudzwa neRome I Regulation. Mapato akasununguka kusarudza, uye kana asina, mutemo unoratidza mutemo wenyika iyo bato rinoita basa rehunhu rinowanzogara, iyo yekutengesa zvinhu ndeyemutengesi uye kune kondirakiti yebasa mupi webasa. Zvikumbiro zvekutyora mutemo zvinotongwa neRome II Regulation, iyo inowanzo taura nezvemutemo wenyika iyo kukuvara kunoitika. Hutongi hunotongwa neBrussels I bis Regulation, iyo inobvumira mupomerwi anogara munyika yenhengo kupomerwa mumatare ehurumende iyoyo uye, kune zvikumbiro zvechibvumirano, mumatare enzvimbo iyo zvinhu zvakaendeswa kana masevhisi akapihwa. Chikamu chekutonga muchibvumirano chinowanzo pfuura zvese zviri zviviri. Kana mutongo wapiwa, unobva wazivikanwa uye wasimbiswa muUnion yese pasina chero chiziviso chepakati chekusimbiswa, izvo zvinoita kuti mutongo weDutch ubatsire zvakananga kune ane chikwereti akagadzwa kune dzimwe nzvimbo muEurope. Kune zvikumbiro zvemari zvisina mubvunzo kune nzira iri nyore muhurongwa hwekubhadhara hweEurope, uye kune zvikumbiro zvidiki, maitiro ezvikumbiro zvidiki muEurope anoshanda zvakanyanya nekunyora. Zvese zvakachipa pane zviitiko zvakajairika uye hapana anoda gweta, kunyangwe ongororo yenzira yekushandisa yakakodzera kuteererwa zano tsamba yekutanga isati yatumirwa.

Zvikanganiso zvinoparadza zvichemo zvakanaka

Zvikumbiro zvizhinji zvinokundikana zvaive zvakanaka pazvakamuka. Zvairasika mushure mezvo, uye kazhinji mune imwe yenzira dzinotevera. Vakweretesi vanorega nguva yekuganhurira ichipfuura panguva yekutaurirana, vachifungidzira kuti kutaura kunochengetedza chikumbiro. Hazviiti; kuchengetwa kwekodzero kwakanyorwa chete, kubvuma kana mafambiro anoita izvozvo. Vakweretesi vanogumisa chibvumirano kana chikumbiro chekukuvadzwa pasina chiziviso chakakodzera chekukundikana, uye vozowana mudare kuti mukweretesi haana kumbobvira akundikana zviri pamutemo. Vakweretesi vanovimba nemamiriro ezvinhu akajairika asina kumbopihwa. Pasi pemutemo weDutch, seti yemitemo yakajairika inogona kubviswa kana mushandisi asina kupa mumwe munhu mukana wakakodzera wekuzvinyora pamberi kana panguva yekondirakiti, uye pamwe chete nazvo zvinoenda nezvikamu zvemubereko, mari uye muganho wemhosva. Vakweretesi vanopomera sangano risisipo, kana kambani isiriyo muboka, uye vanofanirwa kutangazve. Vakweretesi, ivo pachavo, vanokuvadza chinzvimbo chavo kunyanya nekunyarara. Kusateerera invoice, chikumbiro, kushevedzwa kana chiziviso chebailiff hakunonotsi maitiro; kunokurumidzisa, nekuti chikumbiro chisina kudzivirirwa chinopihwa pasina kutongwa. Munhu ane chikwereti anopikisa chikumbiro anofanira kuzviita nekunyora, nekukurumidza, nezvikonzero, uye anofanira kupindura kushevedzwa mukati menguva yakanyorwa mairi. Gakava rakanyorwa panguva yakakodzera rinowanzo kukosha kupfuura dziviriro inozouya mushure memwedzi yakati wandei.

Mibvunzo inowanzo bvunzwa nezvezvikumbiro pasi pemutemo weDutch

Mibvunzo miviri inomuka muhurukuro dzinenge dzese pamusoro pekubhadharisa munhu mari. Mhinduro dziri pazasi ipfupi; mamiriro ezvinhu munyaya imwe neimwe zvinoenderana nechibvumirano uye chokwadi.

Kubhadhara kunotora nguva yakareba sei?

Kufanana nekodzero zhinji dzepamutemo, kubhadharisa munhu nechikwereti hakugari nekusingaperi. Kunoiswa pasi pemuganho wenguva, unozivikanwa mumutemo weDutch se verjaring , kana kuti mutemo wemiganhu. Kune ruzhinji rwezvichemo zvebhizinesi nevatengi zvaunosangana nazvo, nguva iyi imakore mashanu , kutanga kubva pazuva raifanira kubhadharwa pakutanga.

Zvakakosha kuti uite chimwe chinhu nguva iyi isati yapera. Kana makore mashanu apfuura, kodzero yako yepamutemo yekutora chikwereti inogona kudzimwa zvachose. Zvisinei, kana ukaendesa nyaya yacho kudare wowana mutongo unosimbisa chikumbiro, nguva yacho inochinja uye inowedzera zvakanyanya—mutongo wedare unowanzo shandiswa kwemakore makumi maviri.

Ndingatengesa here kodhi yangu yekuvhara?

Ehe, unogona zvechokwadi. Iyi itsika yakajairika muNetherlands inonzi cessie , inova izwi repamutemo rekupa kana kutamisa chikumbiro chako kune mumwe munhu. Kazhinji, mabhizinesi anotengesa zvikwereti zvavo zvisina kubhadharwa kusangano rezvemari rekuunganidza zvikwereti.

Kuti kuchinjisa uku kushande zviri pamutemo, pane danho rimwe chete guru: munhu ane chikwereti anofanira kuziviswa zviri pamutemo. Kana angoziviswa zviri pamutemo nezvechikwereti , mutongo wake wepamutemo unochinja. Kubva ipapo zvichienda mberi, anofanirwa kubhadhara mukweretesi mutsva, kwete wekutanga.

Saka musiyano uripi pakati pekubhadhara nekubhadhara invoice ? Funga nezvazvo nenzira iyi: kubhadhara invoice ndiyo kodzero huru yepamutemo yaunofanira kubhadharwa. Magwaro acho ipepa—gwaro—rinoratidza uye rinopa ruzivo rwakarurama. Invoice chikumbiro chepamutemo chekubhadhara chinobva zvakananga pakubhadhara invoice.

Kunyange zvazvo invoice inenge yega yega ichimiririra kubhadhariswa kwemari , hazvisi zvese zvinotanga nechikwereti chimwe chete. Chikumbiro chekukuvadzwa kwemari mushure metsaona yemotokari, semuenzaniso, kubhadhariswa kwemari kusingasanganisire invoice zvachose.

Law & More inopa mazano kune vanokweretesa nevanokweretesa nezvezvikumbiro pasi pemutemo weDutch: kuongorora kana paine chikumbiro chiripo uye kuti ndiani ari kupomerwa, kunyora zviziviso zvekutadza kubhadhara chikwereti uye mamiriro ezvinhu akajairika anochengetedza chikwereti, kuchengetedza zvikumbiro kuburikidza nekuchengetedza kodzero yekuva muridzi wechikwereti, chitsidzo kana chisungo chekare, uye kuita matare pamberi pedare redunhu neredunhu. Kana uine chikwereti chemari, kana kuti wagamuchira chikumbiro chaunofunga kuti hachina hwaro, magweta edu aripo kuti aongorore faira racho.

Kuraira mumutemo weDutch: chii chinonzi chikumbiro uye maitiro ekuchisimbisa

Kuraira chii, uye chii chisiri

Zvinhu zvitatu zvinofanira kuva nazvo pane chimwe nechimwe chirevo

Mhando huru dzezvikumbiro uye nei musiyano wacho uchikosha