VOF nekurambana: munoparadzana sei semurume nemukadzi uye semubatsiri webhizinesi?

Kana iwe nemumwe wako muchibatawo hukama hwese ( vennootschap onder firma , VOF) pamwe chete, kurambana kunogumisa hukama huviri panguva imwe chete: muchato nehukama. Chimwe nechimwe chinotevedzera mitemo yacho, uye chinhu chikuru chinosara pakuparadzana zvakanaka mutoro: mumwe nemumwe anoramba aine mutoro kune vanokweretesa zvikwereti zvehukama, chero zvamunobvumirana pakati penyu mukurambana.

Pazasi muchawana nzira yekutora sarudzo, kuti hurongwa hwepfuma yenyu yemuchato hunokanganisa sei bhizinesi, nzira nhatu dziripo (kutenga, kutengesa kana kuparadzwa), uye maitiro ekudzivirira mutoro kubva pakukuteverai mushure mekuparadzana.

Kudyidzana uku kunoitwa pasi pechibvumirano chekudyidzana uye mutemo wekudyidzana. Izvi zvinosarudza kana mumwe mudyidzani anogona kuramba achiita bhizinesi ari ega, kuti mumwe wacho anotengwa sei, uye chii chinoitika kana pasina mumwe wavo achida kuramba achiita. Pasina chibvumirano, mitemo yepamutemo inoshanda, uye haiwanzoenderana nezvaifungidzirwa nevadyidzani. VOF haisi sangano repamutemo. Pasi peChinyorwa 18 cheDutch Commercial Code ( Wetboek van Koophandel , WvK), mumwe nemumwe mudyidzani ane mutoro wezvisungo zvake pamwe chete. Mutoro iwoyo haugumi nekurambana: mumwe mudyidzani anobva anoramba aine mutoro wezvisungo zvakamuka paaiva mudyidzani, uye anoda kushandira pamwe kwevanomukweretesa kuti asunungurwe.

Muchato uyu unobatwa pasi pemutemo wepfuma yemuchato. Kana mugove wepfuma yemuchato uri mukati memhuri yemuchato, kukosha kwawo kunokamurwa. Kana muine zvibvumirano zvepamberi pewanano, mhedzisiro yacho inoenderana nezvavanotaura uye, zvakakosha, kana chikamu chemari chenguva nenguva chakaitwa. Pasi peChinyorwa 1:95a cheDutch Civil Code (BW), nharaunda inogonawo kuve nekodzero yekubhadharwa kana mumwe wevakaroorana naye akashanda mubhizinesi rake repachivande asina muripo wakakodzera.

Kuyera mutengo ndiko kunosangana mativi maviri aya, uye kazhinji kacho ndiyo gakava guru: kuti nderipi zuva rekuyera mutengo rinoshanda, kana zvakanaka zvichikosha, uye kuti ungakoshesa sei bhizinesi rinoenderana nekushanda kwemumwe munhu.

Mukuita, zvinobatsira kuita sarudzo nenzira iyi: kutanga wagadzira hurongwa hwezvinhu zvemuchato wako nechibvumirano chekubatana, wobva waita kuti bhizinesi rakosheswe, wozosarudza pakati pekutenga, kutengesa nekuparara, wozonyora zvese muchibvumirano chekugadzirisa nyaya yacho woronga kusunungurwa kubva mumhosva.

Kuparadzana kwevanhu vaviri kunorevei kune vakaroorana vari mubhizinesi?

Unogumisa muchato nebhizinesi pamwe chete panguva imwe chete, pasi pemitemo miviri. Batanai nazvo zvese pamwe chete, zvikasadaro sarudzo pamusoro pebhizinesi inogona kukanganisa chibvumirano chekurambana, kana neimwe nzira.

Kana muchato wenyu nebhizinesi renyu zvakabatana, kuparadzana kunoreva zvinopfuura kungoparadzanisa imba nemari yamakachengeta. Munogumisa muchato mogumisa hukama hwebhizinesi panguva imwe chete. Izvozvo zvinoda pfungwa dzakachena, zvese zviri zviviri manzwiro anobatanidzwa uye kuoma kwemutemo.

Gadzirisai mativi emunhu neamabhizimisi ekuparadzana pamwe chete. Kana musingadaro, munogona kusawirirana kwenguva refu, kusagadzikana kwemari uye kukuvara kwepfungwa kusingakoshi. Munoda mamepu maviri erwendo rumwe chete: rimwe remutemo wemhuri uye rimwe remutemo wekubatana nekondirakiti.

Mitemo miviri iyi inoshanda sei?

Mutemo wepfuma yenyu yemuchato unosarudza kuti midziyo yenyu nezvikwereti, kusanganisira kukosha kwemugove wenyu wemubatanidzwa, zvinogovaniswa sei. Chibvumirano chemubatanidzwa chinosarudza zvinoitika kubhizinesi pacharo.

Dambudziko guru nderekuti zvinhu zviviri izvi zvinobatana sei. Hurongwa hwemidziyo yenyu yemuchato, kudyidzana kwemidziyo kana zvibvumirano zvepamberi pewanano, ndizvo zvinosarudza kuti midziyo yenyu nezvikwereti zvenyu zvinogovaniswa sei pakati penyu.

Panguva imwe chete, chibvumirano chenyu chekushandira pamwe ( vennootschapscontract ) chinofanira kutaura zvinoitika kana mumwe wako aenda. Ndiyo gwara guru rebhizinesi: kuti bhizinesi rinokosheswa sei, kana mumwe wako angatengwa uye kuti kudyidzana kwacho kunopedzwa sei.

Mubvunzo mukuru ndewekuti muchato wenyu unokanganisa sei kubatana kwenyu mubhizinesi, uye kuti kubatana uku kunokanganisa sei mitemo yekurambana kwenyu. Mhinduro iri panopindirana magwaro maviri aya.

Kunzwisisa kuti kuwirirana kwevakaroorana ndiyo nhanho yekutanga yekuwana mhinduro yakarurama uye yakarongeka. Pasina izvozvo, unogona kuita sarudzo nezvebhizinesi rine migumisiro yakakomba pakugadzirisa kurambana kwenyu, kana neimwe nzira.

Sei kuparadzana uku kuchinetsa?

Munotaurirana nezvekuguma kwehukama hwenyu neramangwana rebhizinesi ramakavakira pamwe chete panguva imwe chete. Manzwiro anogona kukanganisa maonero emari.

Kupfuura kuoma kwemutemo, kunetsekana kwepfungwa kwakanyanya. Uri kutaurirana nezvekuguma kwemuchato wenyu uku uchisarudza mugumo webhizinesi raunogona kunge wakaita zvakawanda mariri. Izvozvo zvinoita kuti zviome kusarudza zvakarurama. Kutungamira bhizinesi nemumwe wako muchiparadzana ndeimwe yemamiriro ezvinhu anonetsa zvikuru anogona kusangana nemuridzi webhizinesi.

Chinyorwa chino chinotsanangura pfungwa dzemutemo, zvipingamupinyi zvemari uye matanho anoshanda. Kana muchiziva zvese hurongwa hwepfuma yenyu yemuchato uye chibvumirano chenyu chekudyidzana, munogona kuita izvi nechivimbo uye kutonga kwakawanda, uye kuchengetedza hutano hwenyu uye remangwana renyu rezvemari.

VOF yako nehurongwa hwepfuma yako yewanano zvinoenderana sei?

Zvese zvinoenderana nezvinhu zviviri: kuti VOF chii zviri pamutemo, uye kuti ndeipi mitemo yepfuma yewanano inoshanda kwauri. Gadzirisa zvese izvi usati watanga kutaurirana.

Kana paine VOF mukurambana, zvese zvinoenderana nekuti hukama hwenyu hwakarongeka sei uye kuti muchato wenyu wakarongeka sei. Kuziva zvese zviri zviviri ndiyo nhanho yekutanga yekutanga hurukuro dzine musoro dzisati dzatanga.

Funga nezveVOF yako semota yauinayo pamwe chete. Vaviri vari vaviri vane mutoro wekubhadhara kwega kwega, kugadzirisa kwega kwega uye tsaona yega yega, zvisinei nekuti ndiani aityaira. Izvi zvinoratidza hunhu hwepamutemo hweVOF: mutoro wekubatana uye wevamwe . Mukweretesi anogona kukumbira mari yese yechikwereti chebhizinesi kubva kune chero mumwe wavo. Mukuparadzana, chokwadi ichocho chega chinoita kuti pave nekumanikidzwa kukuru.

VOF ine midziyo yayo yakaparadzana ( afgescheiden vermogen ). Vanokweretesa mubatanidzwa vanogona kutanga vadzosa zvikumbiro zvavo kubva kumidziyo yemubatanidzwa, pamberi pevanokweretesa vega vega vevadyidzani. Asi kana midziyo yemubatanidzwa isina kukwana, vanogona kushandisa midziyo yemumwe nemumwe wevadyidzani.

Isa chimiro ichi chebhizinesi mumamiriro ezvinhu emutemo wepfuma yemuchato wekuNetherlands. Mutemo wemuchato wenyu unosarudza kuti midziyo yenyu yese nezvikwereti, kusanganisira mugove wenyu muVOF, zvinogovaniswa sei. Kuziva kuti ndeipi nzira inoshanda kwauri haisi tsika; ndiyo mepu yemaitiro ese.

Ndedzipi nzira dzekuti midziyo yewanano yeDutch ivepo?

Kune zvitatu: kudyidzana kwepfuma, kudyidzana kwepfuma kushoma uye zvibvumirano zvepamberi pemuchato. Zuva remuchato wenyu uye chero zvibvumirano zvamakaita zvinosarudza kuti ndezvipi zvinoshanda.

MuNetherlands, muchato pasi pemutemo weDutch unowanzo tungamirwa neimwe yemitemo mitatu. Imwe neimwe inobata VOF yako zvakasiyana mukurambana, izvo zvinosarudza kana iri pfuma yemubatanidzwa inofanira kugoverwa kana kuti pfuma yako wega.

• Nharaunda yakazara yepfuma (algehele gemeenschap van goederen): chinowanzoitwa nevakaroorana vakamboroorana 1 January 2018 pasina zvibvumirano zvemuchato. Muchokwadi, midziyo yese nezvikwereti, zvemuchato usati watanga uye panguva yemuchato, zvinowira muhari imwe chete, iyo inogoverwa zvakaenzana pakurambana. Zvipo nenhaka zvine chirevo chekusabatanidzwa zvinoramba zviri kunze kwazvo.
• Nharaunda shoma yepfuma (beperkte gemeenschap van goederen): chisimbiso kune vakaroorana vakaroorana mushure mekuroorana kana kuti mushure mekuroorana 1 January 2018 pasina zvibvumirano zvepamberi pewanano (Chinyorwa 1:94 cheDutch Civil Code). Zvinhu nezvikwereti zvakawanikwa panguva yewanano chete ndizvo zvinobatanidzwa. Zvamaiva nazvo musati maroorana, uye zvipo nenhaka, musimboti zvinoramba zviri zvepachivande. Zvinhu zvamaiva nazvo pamwe chete musati maroorana zvinowira munharaunda.
• Zvibvumirano zvepamberi pemuchato (huwelijkse voorwaarden): chibvumirano, chakanyorwa negweta remutemo wehurumende, umo makasarudza kuti chii chiri chemubatanidzwa uye chii chiri chepachivande. Kune VOF, zvinotaurwa nezvibvumirano izvi ndizvo zvine musoro.

Kana muchato wenyu uine chekuita nenyika dzese, tangai matarisa kuti ndeupi mutemo unoshanda papfuma yenyu yemuchato. Izvi zvinogona kunge zviri mutemo wekunze kwenyika, zvichienderana nerudzi rwenyu, pekugara kwenyu mushure memuchato uye chero sarudzo yemutemo.

Maitiro ako anokanganisa sei bhizinesi?

Munharaunda yakazara yepfuma, mugove wako wekubatana pfuma inowanzova pfuma yemubatanidzwa. Munharaunda ine vanhu vashoma, zvinoenderana nekuti bhizinesi rakatangwa riini; nezvibvumirano zvepamberi pemuchato, pamashoko azvo uye kana wakaita izvozvo.

Mubvunzo mukuru ndewekuti hurongwa hwepfuma yenyu yemuchato hunoita here kuti bhizinesi rigovaniswe mumidziyo. Mhinduro yacho inochinja zvese.

Kana makaroorana muchivakwa chepfuma, mugove wenyu muVOF unenge uri wevanhu vanobatanidzwa, kunyangwe kana mumwe wako asina kubatanidzwa mubhizinesi rezuva nezuva. Kana muri vaviri, migove yenyu yese yekudyidzana inowira munharaunda.

Kana zvakadaro kukosha kwebhizinesi kunofanirwa kuongororwa nehunyanzvi, uye musimboti mumwe nemumwe ane kodzero yekuwana hafu yacho. Zvibvumirano zvepamberi pewanano zvinobvisa pachena VOF kubva pakugovaniswa kwemari zvinotungamira kune mhedzisiro yakasiyana uye inowanzo kuve nyore.

Munharaunda ine pfuma shoma, mugove muVOF waive nemumwe murume nemukadzi vasati varoorana unoramba uri wepachivande. Asi nharaunda inogona kuve nekodzero yekubhadharwa pasi peChinyorwa 1:95a cheDutch Civil Code kana mukadzi nemukadzi vakashandira bhizinesi vasina muripo wakakodzera. Purofiti inowanikwa panguva yemuchato uye yakabviswa mubhizinesi inowanzowira munharaunda.

Zvibvumirano zvakawanda zvepamberi pewanano zvine chirevo chenguva nenguva chekubhadhara ( periodiek verrekenbeding ): gore rega rega vakaroorana vanofanira kugovana zvasara zvemari yavo. Kana musina kumbobvira matevedzera chikamu ichocho, Chikamu 1:141(3) cheDutch Civil Code chinofungidzira kuti midziyo iripo pakupera kwemuchato yakagadzirwa kubva pamari yaifanira kunge yakagovaniswa, kunze kwekunge zvaratidzwa kuti zvakasiyana. Izvozvo zvinogona kuunza kukosha kwebhizinesi muchibvumirano.

VOF ingori chikamu chimwe chete chemufananidzo. Migumisiro yakakura yemitero yekurambana inogona kukanganisa zvikuru chibvumirano chekupedzisira chenyu mese. Kumbirai mupi wezano wemitero kuti averenge musati mabvumirana nezvekugoverwa kwemari.

Tafura iri pazasi inoenzanisa kuti maitiro ese anowanzo kanganisa sei VOF kana muchato wapera.

Maitiro emidziyo yewanano anokanganisa sei VOF mukurambana?

Tafura inopa pfupiso pfupi. Mhedzisiro yenyaya yako inogara ichienderana nechokwadi, kusanganisira kuti bhizinesi rakatangwa riini uye zvamakabvumirana.

Kuziva mamiriro ako chaiwo, zvichibva pazuva remuchato wako uye chero zvibvumirano zvawakasaina, ndiyo hwaro hwezvese zvinotevera. Nekujeka ikoko, unogona kutaura zvine pundutso nezvemutengo, kutenga kana kuparadzwa. Pasina izvozvo, uri kufungidzira.

Cherechedzawo zuva rekutarisa. Musangano wepfuma, kuumbwa kwemhuri kunotsanangurwa pazuva rinoiswa chikumbiro chekurambana (Chinyorwa 1:99 cheDutch Civil Code). Kukosha kwacho kunotsanangurwa panguva yekugoverwa kwemhuri, kunze kwekunge muchibvumirana zvakasiyana. Kune bhizinesi rine kukosha kunochinja nekukurumidza, musiyano iwoyo unogona kuva mukuru.

Ndezvipi zvipingamupinyi zvemari zvinomuka pakupatsanura VOF?

Zvinhu zvitatu zvemari zvinosarudza mhedzisiro: kukosha kwebhizinesi, zvikwereti zvaro uye mhedzisiro yemitero. Bata chimwe nechimwe chazvo zvakajeka.

Kurambana kunosanganisira kuparadzana kweVOF kunomutsa mibvunzo mikuru yemari neyemutemo. Kana ukasateerera, unogona kusangana nematambudziko anodhura uye kukuvara kwenguva refu mune zvemari. Kuti uparadzane semurume nemukadzi uye sevanobatana mubhizinesi, unofanirwa kuongorora zvikamu zvitatu zvemari yebhizinesi: kukosha kwayo , zvikwereti zvayo uye mamiriro ayo emutero.

Chikamu ichi chemaitiro hachinyanyi kutaura nezvemanzwiro asi nezvemifananidzo. Kunzwisisa pfungwa idzi kunokubatsira kubvunza mibvunzo chaiyo uye kugadzirira chokwadi chezvemari chekusunungura bhizinesi rako kubva muhupenyu hwako.

Kudyidzana uku kunokosheswa sei?

Ita kuti bhizinesi rikosheswe nenyanzvi yakazvimiririra, uchishandisa nzira inokodzera bhizinesi. Kuongororwa kwemari ndiko kunoita kuti pave nekutenga, kutengesa kana kupatsanurana.

Usati wagovanisa chero chinhu, unofanira kuziva kukosha kwacho. Kukoshesa VOF hakusi nyore sekutarisa mari iri mubhangi; kunoreva kukosha kwakakodzera kwebhizinesi rese. Kukoshesa kwakakodzera uye kwehunyanzvi kwakakosha, nekuti ndiko kunoita kuti pave nekutenga, kutengeswa kana kugovaniswa kwemidziyo.

Enzanisa nekutengesa imba: haungafungidzire kukosha kwayo, asi bvunza muongorori wemutengo. Izvi zvinoshandawo pano, kunyangwe nzira dzemabhizinesi dzakaoma kunzwisisa.

Kune nzira dzakawanda dzakajairika dzekukoshesa VOF:

• Kukoshesa zvinhu zvichienderana nepfuma: nzira iri nyore. Munobatanidza kukosha kwezvinhu zvese zvebhizinesi (mari, midziyo, pfuma, masheya) mobvisa zvikwereti zvese (zvikwereti, maakaundi anobhadharwa). Inopindura mubvunzo wekuti: 'Chii chaizosara dai takatengesa zvese tobhadhara zvikwereti zvese nhasi?'
• Kukoshesa mari yaunowana: Nzira iyi inotarisa kugona kwebhizinesi kuwana purofiti mune ramangwana. Inowanzo shandisa huwandu hwemari inowanikwa panguva ino kana inotarisirwa, senge EBITDA (mari inowanikwa mubereko usati wasvika, mitero, kudzikira kwemitengo uye amortization). Izvi zvinobatsira kumabhizinesi anobatsira uye akasimba.
• Kukosha kwemari kunoenderana nemusika: Nzira iyi inoenzanisa VOF yako nemabhizinesi akafanana akatengeswa munguva pfupi yapfuura. Iongororo yechokwadi yakavakirwa pane zvinobhadharwa nemusika kune bhizinesi rakafanana.

Kufarirana kunowanzo gakava. Kana purofiti ichienderana nehunyanzvi hwemunhu uye hukama hwemumwe mudiwa, chikamu cherudo ndechemunhu uye hachigone kuchinjirwa nyore nyore. Matare anofungisisa izvozvo paanoongorora kukosha kwebhizinesi kune mumwe mudiwa anorienderera mberi naro. Sarudza nzira yacho nerubatsiro rwenyanzvi yekuongorora mitengo uye, zviri nani, bvumiranai pane mumwe munhu anoongorora mitengo akazvimirira pane kuti mumwe nemumwe atange mushumo wenyu.

Sei mutoro wezvikwereti uchiramba uripo mushure mekurambana?

Nekuti mumwe nemumwe ane mutoro wekubatana uye mumwe nemumwe kune vanokweretesa, uye chibvumirano chenyu chekurambana hachivasungirire. Munosunungurwa chete kana mukweretesi achibvuma kana kuti chikwereti chabhadharwa.

Chimwe chezvinhu zvakaoma zvikuru nezveVOF imhosva yekubatana uye yakawanda . Pasi peChikamu 18 cheDutch Commercial Code, mumwe nemumwe ane mhosva yemari yese yezvikwereti zvemubatanidzwa , zvisinei nekuti ndiani akaita izvozvo. Sarudzo yako yekurambana haigumisi mhosva iyoyo.

Kunyangwe chibvumirano chenyu chekugadzirisa nyaya chichitaura kuti waimbova mukadzi/murume wako achabhadhara chikwereti chebhizinesi chakati, mukweretesi anogona kuramba achikumbira mari yese kubva kwauri kana waimbova mukadzi/murume wako akasabhadhara. Zvinhu zvako zvepachivande zvinoramba zviri munjodzi kusvika chikwereti chebhizinesi chega chega chabhadharwa kana kuti mukweretesi akusunungura zviri pamutemo.

Vanhu vazhinji vanofuratira izvi. Zvibvumirano zvaunoita nemumwe wako zvakasiyana nezvibvumirano zvinoitwa neVOF nemabhangi ayo nevatengesi vayo. Bata vanokweretesa panguva yakakodzera wovakumbira kuti vakusunungure, semuenzaniso kuti uwane chibatiso chitsva kubva kune mumwe wako anoramba achienderera mberi. Bvumirana newawaimbova naye kuti achakutsiva kana mumwe wako achiramba achikutora mhosva.

Itawo kuti kubuda kwako kana kuparadzwa kweVOF kunyoreswe muCommercial Register ye KVK pasina kunonoka. Chero bedzi rejista ichiri kukuratidza semubatsiri, mapato echitatu anogona kuvimba nazvo, uye unogona kupomerwa mhosva yezvisungo zvitsva zvawakaita mushure mekunge waenda.

Ndeipi migumisiro yemitero nekuchengetedzwa kwevanhu?

Kusiya kana kugumisa bhizinesi kunowanzoita kuti pave nemutero wemari yakavanzika uye purofiti: purofiti yekurega kuenderera mberi. Ita kuti mupi wezano wemitero averenge izvi musati mabvumirana pamutengo.

Kutamisa chikamu chako kana kuputsa bhizinesi kunokonzera mitero. Pamusana pemitero yemari, kuguma kwekubatanidzwa kwako muVOF kunoonekwa sekumira kwebhizinesi rako.

Pfungwa huru ndeye purofiti yekurega kushanda ( stakingswinst ) : mutsauko uripo pakati pekukosha kwemugove wako muzvinhu zvebhizinesi uye kukosha kwaro pamusika panguva yekuchinjisa, kusanganisira zvakanaka. Purofiti iyi inobvisirwa mutero semari inowanikwa kubva kubhizinesi mubhokisi 1, izvo zvinogona kutungamira kubhiri remutero rakakura. Pasi pemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, rubatsiro kana kuendeswa kune mumwe wako anoenderera mberi nebhizinesi zvinogoneka.

Kuchinja kwemuridzi webhizinesi kana mari inowanikwa kunogonawo kukanganisa mipiro nemari inowanikwa, zvakaita semupiro wemari inowanikwa pasi peHealth Insurance Act ( Zorgverzekeringswet , Zvw). Kuronga kupatsanurana zvakanaka kunobatsira kuderedza kukanganisa kwemari. Hatikurudziri nezvekurongwa kwemitero; nekuda kweizvi tinokutumirai kune mupi wezano wemitero.

Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezvekugovaniswa kwemidziyo, verenga chinyorwa chedu pamusoro pemutemo wemhuri nekugovaniswa kwemidziyo muNetherlands . Kugadzirisa matambudziko aya emari nekukurumidza kunoita kuti ramangwana rive rakasimba uye risingafungidzike.

Ndeipi nzira yaunofanira kusarudza: kutenga, kutengesa kana kuparadzwa?

Kune nzira nhatu: mumwe mubatsiri anoenderera mberi otenga mumwe, bhizinesi rinotengeswa kune mumwe munhu, kana kuti VOF inoparadzwa yopera. Sarudzo yacho inoenderana nehutano hwebhizinesi, mari uye zvaunoda mumwe nemumwe wenyu.

Kana wangoona zvakajeka zvemari, unosvika pamharadzano. Kune nzira nhatu dzekufambira mberi dzebhizinesi rawakavaka pamwe chete, imwe neimwe ine maitiro ayo, zvakanakira nezvayakaipira.

Iyi haisi sarudzo yebhizinesi chete; asi ndeyemunhu oga inoumba hupenyu hwako hwebasa mushure mekurambana. Sarudzo chaiyo inoenderana nehutano hweVOF, mamiriro ako emari uye zvinodiwa nemumwe nemumwe wenyu. Zvinoda kutaurirana kwechokwadi uye maonero chaiwo ezvingagoneka.

Sarudzo 1: Kutenga kwemumwe munhu kunoshanda sei?

Mumwe murume kana mukadzi anoenderera mberi nebhizinesi uye anobhadhara mumwe kuti awane mugove wake. Izvi zvinoshanda kana bhizinesi rikawana purofiti uye mudiwa anoenderera mberi achikwanisa kubhadhara mutengo wacho.

Iyi ndiyo nzira inowanzo shandiswa kana VOF iine purofiti uye mumwe mubatsiri achida kuramba ari muzvinabhizinesi. Izvi zvinoita kuti bhizinesi rirambe richishanda pasina kukanganisa kukuru kune vatengi nevashandi.

Hazvisi nyore. Zvinotanga nekuongororwa kwataurwa pamusoro apa, nekuti unoda mutengo wakanyatsoenderana wemugove wemumwe wako ari kusiya.

Kana wangowana mutengo, unonyora chibvumirano chakanyorwa. Chinotara nguva yekubhadhara, kutamiswa kwemugove nezvinhu zvebhizinesi, uye zuva iro kutamiswa kwacho kunotanga kushanda. Chinofanirawo kutaura nezvekuti mubatsiri ari kusiya kambani anosunungurwa sei kubva muzvikwereti zvebhizinesi zviri kuramba zvichienderera mberi uye kuti ndiani ane mitero.

Kana chibvumirano chenyu chekudyidzana chiine chirevo chekuenderera mberi ( voortzettingsbeding ), chinogona kupa mumwe mudiwa kodzero yekuenderera mberi nebhizinesi mushure mekunge mumwe aenda, pamwe nekubvumirana kwemudiwa anosiya (Chinyorwa 7A:1688 cheDutch Civil Code). Tarisa kana chikamu ichocho chichitaurawo nezvekusiya nekuda kwekurambana.

Pfungwa huru: kutenga zvinhu zvinopa mukana wekuti zvinhu zvirambe zviripo, asi zvinoenderana nezvinhu zviviri: kubvumirana pamutengo wakakodzera uye kugona kwemubatsiri ari kuramba achitenga zvinhu izvozvo.

Kuwana mari ndiyo inowanzova chipingamupinyi chikuru. Kana ukasarudza nzira iyi, taura nebhangi rako nekukurumidza nezvekubhadhara mari yekutenga, uye funga nezvekubhadhara zvishoma nezvishoma pamwe chete nechibatiso chemudiwa ari kusiya.

Sarudzo yechipiri: rini raunofanira kutengesa bhizinesi kune mumwe munhu wechitatu?

Kana pasina mumwe wenyu anogona kana kuti achida kuramba achitenga, kutengeswa kwemari kune mumwe mutengi wekunze kunopa mukana wekuzorora zvakakwana. Munogovana mari yese yakawanikwa zvichienderana nezvibvumirano zvenyu uye hurongwa hwepfuma yenyu yemuchato.

Kutengesa kunoita kuti mese muone kukosha kwamakavaka moenderera mberi. Maitiro acho anosanganisira kuwana mutengi akakodzera, izvo zvinogona kutora nguva. Munofanira kushambadzira bhizinesi, kuongorora vatengi vanogona kutenga uye kutaurirana mutengo. Kazhinji mutengi ndiye anotora zvinhu zvebhizinesi; VOF pachayo inobva yapera. Mari yese inowanikwa, mushure mekubhadhara zvikwereti nemitero, inogoverwa zvichienderana nechibvumirano chenyu chekudyidzana uye hurongwa hwepfuma yenyu yemuchato.

Dambudziko guru riri pamusika. Kuwana mutengi akakodzera pamutengo wakakodzera hakumbovimbiswi, uye kutengesa kwenguva refu kunorebesa hukama hwemari hwekurambana kwenyu. Bvumiranai pachine nguva pamutengo wakaderera uye pane zvinoitika kana pasina mutengi anowanikwa mukati menguva yakatarwa.

Sarudzo 3: unopedza sei VOF zvachose?

Unogumisa kudyidzana, wopedzisa bhizinesi wogovanisa zvasara. Iyi ndiyo nzira inowanzoitwa kana bhizinesi risingawane purofiti kana kuti kutenga kana kutengesa zvisingakwanisike.

Dzimwe nguva mhinduro iri nyore ndeyekuvhara bhizinesi. Kubatana kwenguva isingazivikanwi kunogona kupedzwa nekuzivisa kubva kune mumwe mudiwa, izvo zvinofanirwa kupihwa nekutenda kwakanaka (Zvikamu 7A:1683 na7A:1686 zveDutch Civil Code). Mudiwa anogonawo kukumbira dare kuti riparadze kubatana nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakakomba (Chikamu 7A:1684). Mushure mekuparadzwa, bhizinesi rinofanira kuvharwa (kubviswa).

Matanho acho akarongeka:

1. Kumisa mashandiro: kumisa mabasa ese ebhizinesi, kunze kweaya anodiwa pakupera kwevhiki.
2. Ziva zvinhu zvirimo: kutengesa midziyo yebhizinesi, masheya nemidziyo.
3. Bhadhara zvikwereti: shandisa mari yacho kubhadhara vese vane chikwereti nemitero isiripo.
4. Govanisa chiyero: govera zvasara pakati pevadyidzani zvichienderana nechibvumirano chekudyidzana.
5. Deregister: kuti kuparadzwa kweVOF kunyoreswe ne KVK.

Kunyange zvazvo izvi zvichiita sezviri pachena, hazvisi nyore nguva dzose. Kana mari yakawanikwa isina kukwana kubhadhara zvikwereti zvese, vanokweretesa vanogona kuramba vachikumbira mumwe nemumwe mari yese yasara. Chengeta zvinyorwa zvakakodzera zvekugumisa nyaya yacho, nekuti mibvunzo kubva kune vanokweretesa kana kune vane masimba emitero inogona kuuya gare gare.

Matambudziko akafanana anomuka kune vadyidzani vebhizinesi vasina kuroorana, semuenzaniso vakaroorana vasina kuroorana vanomhanyisa VOF pamwe chete. Havana nzira yekurambana, asi vanofanira kugadzirisa hukama pamwe chete uye chero midziyo yavo, senge imba.

Chii chiri basa rechibvumirano chenyu chekushandira pamwe uye kuyananisa?

Chibvumirano chakanaka chekushandira pamwe chinokupai mitemo yakabvumiranwa kare yekuyera kukosha, kutenga nekubvisa nyaya. Kuyananisa kunokubatsirai kuita sarudzo dzasara pamwe chete, pane kuti dare risarudze.

Kurambana uku uchitungamira VOF nemumwe wako idambudziko rakapetwa kaviri, asi hurongwa hwakanaka hunobatsira. Zvishandiso zviviri zvinobatsira kudzivirira kusawirirana kwenguva refu uye kunorwadza: chibvumirano chenyu chekudyidzana uye kuyananisa.

Vanopa chimiro uye hurongwa hwekutaurirana hwaunoda kuti ugadzirise bhizinesi rako nehupenyu hwako zviri nyore sezvinobvira.

Sei chibvumirano chenyu chekushandira pamwe chiri gwara renyu?

Nekuti inonyora, kubva panguva dzakanyarara, zvinoitika kana mumwe wako aenda. Kana zvikanyanya kukwana, zvisarudzo zvishoma zvaunofanirwa kuita kana wamanikidzwa.

Chibvumirano chenyu chekushandira pamwe ( vennootschapscontract ) chakafanana nezvibvumirano zvepamberi pemuchato. Makazviita, tichitarisira kuti munguva dzakanyarara, kuti muise mitemo yehukama hwenyu hwebasa. Pakuparadzana, inova nzira yenyu huru, ine mirairo yakabvumiranwa kare yemamiriro ezvinhu aya chaiwo.

Chibvumirano chekudyidzana chakanyorwa zvakanaka chinobatsira zvikuru pakuparadzana. Chinobvisa kusava nechokwadi uye chinotsiva nharo dzinogona kuitika nenzira yakajeka uye yakabvumiranwa. Chibvumirano chakanaka chine zvikamu zvezvinoitika kana mumwe wako abva, chero chikonzero.

Zvinofanira kunge zvinosanganisira:

• Zvikamu zveKuparara: matanho ekutora kana mubatanidzwa wacho ukaparadzwa, kubva pakuzivisa vanokweretesa nekuwana midziyo kusvika pakugovanisa zvasara.
• Zvikamu zvekuyera kukosha kwemari: nzira yekuona kukosha kwemugove, semuenzaniso fomura yakabvumiranwa kana muongorori akazvimiririra, kudzivirira kusawirirana.
• Zvikamu zvekuenderera mberi uye kutenga-kunze: mitemo iyo mumwe mubatsiri anogona kuenderera mberi nebhizinesi otenga rimwe, kusanganisira chero kodzero yekuramba kutanga, mitemo yekubhadhara uye nguva yakatarwa.
• Zviitiko zvekubuda: kana kurambana pakati pevaviri vari vaviri chiri chiitiko chinokonzeresa zvirevo izvi.

Nekushandisa mitemo iyi yakabvumiranwa, unoderedza huwandu hwezvisarudzo zvaunofanira kuita pasi pekumanikidzwa mupfungwa. Chibvumirano chinoshanda segwara risingaregi, richikutungamira mukuparadzana zvichienderana nemitemo yamakagamuchira mese kare.

Sei kusarudza kutaurirana kwete kudare redzimhosva?

Kuyananisa kunokubatsira kugadzirisa nyaya nekurambana muhurukuro imwe chete, kazhinji nekukurumidza uye zvakachipa pane nyaya dzedare. Muyananisi haasarudze; iwe ndiwe unoita.

Kunyangwe paine chibvumirano chakanaka chekudyidzana, kusawirirana kunogona kuitika. Vakaroorana vazhinji vanobva vaenda kumatare edzimhosva, izvo zvinowanzo dhura, zvinononoka uye zvine mhirizhonga. Kuyananisa inzira inoshanda yakatarisana nekushandira pamwe.

Kuyananisa ihurukuro yakarongeka inotungamirirwa nemuyananisi asina kwaakarerekera.

Chinangwa chekugadzirisa nyaya hachisi chekuti divi rimwe chete 'rikunde', asi kuti mese musvike pakubvumirana kunosanganisira kuparadzana kwebhizinesi nekurambana. Izvi zvinochengetedza midziyo yaizobhadhara mari yematare uye zvinoderedza kukuvara kwepfungwa.

Murevereri haakusarudziri, asi anobatsira kuti pave nehurukuro inogutsa. Murevereri anokubatsira kugadzirisa matambudziko akaoma emari, kutsvaga mhinduro dzekugadzira uye kuwana pekuwirirana. Izvi zvinonyanya kubatsira VOF nekurambana, nekuti munogona kukurukura nyaya dzakabatana, dzakadai sekutenga nekuchengetedza mudiwa, pamwe chete.

Verenga zvakawanda nezvenzira iyi munyaya yedu pamusoro pekurambana kuburikidza nekuyananisa . Kunyangwe kana ukashandisa muyananisi, ita kuti mhedzisiro yacho iongororwe negweta rako usati wasaina, uye yeuka kuti gweta rinofanira kuendesa chikumbiro chekurambana.

Chibvumirano chakajeka chekushandira pamwe chete nechido chekuyananisa chinoumba hwaro hwakasimba hwekuparadzana semurume nemukadzi uye sevanhu vanobatana mubhizinesi.

Ndeipi rondedzero yako yekutarisa nhanho nhanho yekuparadzanisa VOF?

Shanda muzvikamu zvitatu: kuunganidza magwaro nemazano, kuita kuti bhizinesi rakosheswe uye kusarudza remangwana raro, wozonyora pasi uye kuita zvibvumirano. Kutevera odha kunodzivirira kukanganiswa kunodhura.

Kana uri kubata nekurambana uye kuparadzana kweVOF panguva imwe chete, unoda hurongwa hwakajeka uye hwakarongeka. Kukurumidzira kana kusvetuka danho kunogona kutungamira mukukanganiswa kwakakomba. Rondedzero iyi inokamura maitiro akaomarara muzvikamu zvinogoneka.

Chikamu 1: matanho api ekutanga aunofanira kutora?

Unganidza magwaro akakodzera, tsvaga mazano akazvimirira uye kurukurai zvinangwa zvenyu zvebhizinesi. Izvi zvinoumba hwaro hwekutaurirana kwakavakirwa pachokwadi.

1. Ongorora magwaro ako epamutemo: tsvaga uye verenga chibvumirano chako chekudyidzana ( vennootschapscontract ) uye chero zvibvumirano zvepamberi pewanano ( huwelijkse voorwaarden ) . Kazhinji zvine zvibvumirano zvakabvumiranwa pamusoro pekukosha, kutenga uye kuparadzwa zvinogona kudzivirira kusawirirana kwakawanda. Unganidzawo maakaundi egore negore emakore mashoma apfuura, zvibvumirano zvechikwereti uye zvibatiso zvakapihwa.

2. Wana mazano ehunyanzvi akazvimiririra: kana paine gakava, mumwe nemumwe wenyu anofanira kuva negweta rake uye mupi wezano wezvemari. Mupi wezano mumwe chete anogona kunge aine kusawirirana kwezvido. Kana mukashanda nemurevereri, mumwe nemumwe wenyu anogona kuongororwa mhinduro nemupi wezano wake.

3. Kurukurai zvinangwa zvenyu: kana mawana mazano, kurukurai zvakarongeka nezvezvinodiwa nemumwe nemumwe wenyu mubhizinesi. Mese munoda kutengesa here? Mumwe wenyu anoda kuramba achienderera mberi here? Kujekesa zvinangwa zvenyu nekukurumidza kunotarisa matanho anotevera.

Chikamu chechipiri: ungasvika sei pakuongororwa kwemutengo uye kuita sarudzo?

Ita kuti pave nekuongorora kwemari kwakazvimirira wobva wasarudza pakati pekutenga, kutengesa kana kuparadzwa kwemari. Izvi zvinoshandura zvinangwa kuita hurongwa hunoshanda.

4. Ita kuti pave nekuongororwa kwenyanzvi: tsvaga muongorori webhizinesi akazvimiririra uye ane hunyanzvi kuti aone kukosha kweVOF uye kwechikamu chimwe nechimwe. Kuongororwa kwemari kwakakosha kune chero kutenga, kugovaniswa kana kutengeswa uye kunoumba hwaro hwemari yekugadzirisana kwakaringana.

Kuongororwa kwemari neunyanzvi ndiko hwaro hwekupatsanurana kwemari kwakaringana. Kufungidzira kukosha kana kuvimba nefungidziro dzisina kurongwa kunowanzo tungamira kugakava refu uye rinodhura.

5. Sarudza ramangwana rebhizinesi: zvichibva pakukosheswa kwemari uye hurukuro dzenyu, sarudzai imwe yenzira nhatu:
   • Kutenga: mumwe munhu anotenga mugove wemumwe.
   • Kutengesa: Bhizinesi racho rinotengeswa kune mumwe munhu, uye munogovana mari yacho.
   • Dissolution: VOF yapera, midziyo yayo yabhadharwa uye zvikwereti zvese zvabhadharwa.

Chikamu chechitatu: unonyora sei uye unotevera sei zvibvumirano?

Nyora zvese muchibvumirano chekugadzirisa uye chibvumirano chakasiyana paVOF, wobva wazviita: kutamisa, KVK kunyoresa, mutero uye kusunungurwa nevanokweretesa.

6. Nyora chibvumirano chakazara: magweta ako anonyora zvese zvakanyorwa: chibvumirano chekurambana uye kupatsanurwa kweVOF. Chibvumirano chinofanira kutaura kuti midziyo inogovaniswa sei, kuti ndiani ane zvikwereti mukati, kuti mudiwa ari kusiya anoripirwa sei, uye mamiriro chaiwo ekutenga, kutengeswa kana kuputswa kwemari.

7. Itai chirongwa ichi: Kana chibvumirano changosainwa, chiite. Izvi zvinoreva kutamisa mugove kana midziyo yebhizinesi, kuchinjwa kana kuparadzwa kunyoreswa ne Chamber of Commerce (KVK), vachizivisa Kutarisirwa Kwemitero Nemitero (Belastingdienst), uye kuwana mari kubva kumabhanga nevamwe vanokweretesa. Matanho aya anopedzisa kupatsanurwa kwebhizinesi uye kugadzirisa zvisungo zvemitero.

Muchidimbu

• Kurambana pakati pevakaroorana vanomhanyisa VOF kunogumisa hukama huviri, humwe nehumwe huchitevedzera mitemo yahwo: mutemo wepfuma yemuchato nemutemo wekudyidzana.
• Mutemo wepfuma yenyu yemuchato ndiwo unosarudza kana kukosha kwemugove wenyu wekubatana kwakagovaniswa; nezvibvumirano zvepamberi pemuchato, chikamu chekurega basa chisina kunyorwa chinogona kuchiunza mubvumirano (Chinyorwa 1:141(3) cheDutch Civil Code).
• Mudiwa wega wega anoramba aine mutoro wechikwereti chemudiwa pamwe chete uye mumwe nemumwe (Chikamu 18 cheCommercial Code); chibvumirano chenyu chekurambana hachisungi vanokweretesa.
• Sarudza pakati pekutenga, kutengesa, uye kuparadzwa mushure mekuongororwa kwemutengo wakazvimirira, uye nyora kuti kubuda kwako kunyoreswe nekambani. KVK pasina kunonoka.
• Kusiya bhizinesi kunowanzoita kuti mutero wepurofiti yekurega kushanda; ita kuti mupi wezano wemitero averenge musati mabvumirana pamutengo.

Mibvunzo inowanzo bvunzwa nezve VOF nekurambana

Kana kubatana kwenyu mubhizinesi kuriwo muchato wenyu, kuparadzana kunomutsa mibvunzo chaiyo uye yekukurumidzira. Heano mhinduro dzemibvunzo yatinowanzoona.

Chii chinoitika kana chibvumirano chedu chekudyidzana chisingatauri nezvekurambana?

Zvadaro mitemo yepamutemo uye zvikamu zvechibvumirano chenyu zvinoshanda. Kudyidzana kwenguva isingazivikanwi kunogona kupedzwa nekuzivisa, izvo zvinotungamira mukuparadzwa, kunze kwekunge muchibvumirana kuti mumwe wenyu arambe achiita bhizinesi.

Kana chibvumirano chenyu chisingatauri nezvekurambana kana kuparadzana , munofanira kutaurirana nezvenyaya yekukosha kwemari, kupatsanurwa kwemari uye zvikwereti zvasara kubva pakutanga, muchibata nekushushikana kwepfungwa kwekuparadzana. Pasina gwara rakabvumiranwa, kupatsanurwa kwemari kunoenderana zvakanyanya nehurongwa hwepfuma yenyu yemuchato, izvo zvinogona kuita kuti zvinhu zviome. Tarisai kana chibvumirano chacho chine zvikamu zvakajairika zvekusiya imba kana kurambana zvinoshandawo pakurambana.

Mudzimai wangu anogona kundimanikidza kutengesa mugove wangu here?

Kwete zvakananga: mumwe wako haangogoni kukumanikidza kuti umutengesere mugove wako. Asi kukosha kwemugove wako kunogona kuva chikamu chechikamu, uye kana usingakwanise kubhadhara mutengo iwoyo, dare rinogona kusarudza kuti midziyo yakabatana ichagovaniswa sei.

Kana mugove wako uri wemhuri imwe chete kana kuti wakwereta mari, mumwe wako ane kodzero yekuwana chikamu chemutengo wacho. Kana musina mari yakakwana yekubhadhara izvozvo, uye musingabvumirane, dare rinogona kusarudza kugoverwa kwemari pasi peChikamu 3:185 cheDutch Civil Code, icho mune dzimwe nguva chinogona kukonzera kutengeswa. Kana mese muri vaviri uye kushanda pamwe chete kusingachakwanisiki, mumwe wenyu anogona kugumisa kubatana kana kukumbira dare kuti riparadze, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kupedzwa kwebhizinesi.

Ndiani ane mhosva yezvikwereti zveVOF mushure mekunge taparadzana?

Kune vanokweretesa, mese muri vaviri munoramba muine mutoro wekubhadhara zvikwereti zvose zvakamuka pamakanga muri vaviri. Chibvumirano chenyu pakati penyu ndicho chinosarudza kuti ndiani anovapa zvikwereti.

Mutoro wako wezvikwereti zveVOF unobva kumutemo wekubatana, kwete kubva pakugadzirisa kurambana kwako. kubatana uye mutoro wakawanda, mese mucharamba muine mhosva huwandu hwakazara zvikwereti zvese zvebhizinesi zvakamboitika VOF isati yaparara kana kuti usati waenda, uye kubuda kwako kunofanirwa kunyoreswa ne KVK kuderedza mutoro wezvikwereti zvitsva.

Chikanganiso chinowanzoitika uye chinodhura ndechekufunga kuti chibvumirano chenyu chekurambana chinokudzivirirai. Kunyangwe chichitaura kuti waimbova mukadzi wako achabhadhara zvikwereti zvese zvebhizinesi, mukweretesi anogona kuramba achikumbira kubva kwauri kana waimbova mukadzi wako akasabhadhara. Zvinhu zvako zvepachivande zvinoramba zviri munjodzi kusvika chikwereti chese chabhadharwa kana kuti mukweretesi akusunungura.

Tinogona kuramba tichiita bhizinesi pamwe chete here?

Ehe, izvozvo zvinogoneka pamutemo, panguva yekurambana uye mushure mekurambana. Asi zvinoda kuremekedzana, kuvimbana uye kutaurirana kwakajeka.

Kana ukasarudza nzira iyi, nyora chibvumirano chitsva, chakadzama chekudyidzana chinodzora hukama hwako hwebasa hwakasiyana nenhoroondo yako, kusanganisira kuita sarudzo, muripo uye zvinoitika kana mumwe wenyu achida kubva gare gare. Inzira yakaoma, uye inokurudzirwa chete kune vakaroorana vekare vanogona kuchengetedza hukama hwebasa hwebasa zvechokwadi.

Law & More inopa mazano kune varidzi vemabhizinesi nezvekurambana uye kupatsanurana kwebhizinesi, kubva pachibvumirano chekudyidzana kusvika pachibvumirano chekugadzirisa. Hauzive kuti wakamira papi? Tiudze nezvemamiriro ako ezvinhu. Tichakuzivisa sarudzo dzako mukati mezuva rimwe chete rekushanda.

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