Gweta remunhu akakuvadzwa (slachtofferadvocaat) igweta rinomirira munhu akakuvadzwa mumatare emhosva ekuDutch, kwete munhu anofungidzirwa kuti ndiye ari kupomerwa mhosva uye kwete Public Prosecution Service. Basa iri rinofukidza kushandiswa kwekodzero dzemutemo dzemunhu akakuvadzwa muMutemo weMaitiro Emhosva: kuwana ruzivo nefaira renyaya, rubatsiro pakutaura nezvemhosva uye panguva yekubvunzurudzwa, chikumbiro chekuripwa semunhu akakuvadzwa, kodzero yekutaura pakutongwa kwemhosva, uye matanho ekudzivirira. Kune vanhu vakakuvadzwa nechisimba kana zvepabonde vanosangana nemitemo, rubatsiro urwu rwunopihwa mahara uye pasina bvunzo yemari.
Zvinoitwa nemurevereri wevaya vakashungurudzwa
Maitiro emhosva ekuDutch ane nzvimbo nhatu dzakasiyana. Muchuchisi wehurumende anoita basa rekubatsira veruzhinji uye anosarudza kana achizopomera mhosva uye chii; gweta rekudzivirira rinomirira munhu anofungidzirwa; uye munhu akabatwa, kubva pakuchinja kwakaitika mumakore makumi maviri apfuura, ane chinzvimbo chake chine kodzero dzemutemo dzakabatana naro. Gweta remunhu akabatwa igweta rinoshandisa kodzero idzodzo. Iro basa rakamanikana uye rakasimba kupfuura zvinorehwa neshoko reChirungu rekuti mutsigiri: ibasa remumiriri wepamutemo, kwete basa rekupa mazano kana rekutsigira, uye rinogara pamwe chete nerubatsiro rwepfungwa rwunopihwa neSlachtofferhulp Nederland.
Mukuita basa iri, basa iri rinokamurwa muzvikamu zvina. Chekutanga ruzivo: kuve nechokwadi chekuti munhu abatwa nemhosva audzwa zviri kuitika, kutora kopi yefaira renyaya uye kutevedzera zvisarudzo zvinotorwa nemuchuchisi. Chechipiri chikumbiro: kuverenga kurasikirwa, kunyora pasi uye kuzviisa mumatare emhosva. Chechitatu kutora chikamu: kugadzirira chirevo chemunhu abatwa nemhosva uye, kana munhu abatwa nemhosva achida, kupinda mudare pamwe chete navo. Chechina dziviriro: kukumbira kurambidzwa kusangana nevamwe uye mamwe matanho apo kuchengetedzeka kuri kudiwa.
Gweta riripowo panguva iyo vanhu vazhinji vanotanga kusangana nehurongwa. Hapana mutemo unoti mhosva inofanira kutaurwa gweta risati radzidziswa, uye munhu anenge abatwa nemhosva anogona kuwana mazano emutemo pamusoro pekuti anofanira kutaurwa here uye kuti angazvitaura sei asati aenda kumapurisa. Gwaro redu rekunyora mushumo wemapurisa muNetherlands rinotsanangura mashandiro anoita maitiro iwayo.
Kana rubatsiro rwemutemo rwuri mahara
Wet op de rechtsbijstand inopa rubatsiro rwepamutemo rwemahara, pasina kuyedzwa kwemari uye pasina mupiro wemunhu, kune vakabatwa nechisimba kana mhosva dzepabonde uye kuhama dzakasara dzemunhu akafa nekuda kwemhosva yakadaro. Zvinhu zvitatu zvinofanirwa kuzadzikiswa mukuita: mhosva yacho inofanira kunge iri mhosva yechisimba kana yepabonde, munhu anofungidzirwa anofanira kuzivikanwa nevakuru, uye munhu akabatwa anofanira kunge ari muboka rinokodzera muripo pasi peWet schadefonds geweldsmisdrijven, iyo inoshandura kukura kwekukuvara kwemuviri kana kwepfungwa.
Mamiriro iwayo anoita basa chairo. Kukuvara kwakakomba munyaya iyi kunoongororwa zvichienderana nemirayiridzo inoshandiswa neSchadefonds, iyo inotarisa nyaya dzakadai semhedzisiro inogara kwenguva refu, kukuvara kunoonekwa zvachose kana kusakwanisa kuita mabasa akajairika kwenguva yakareba; pamhosva dzepabonde nekuba nezvombo, kukuvara kwakakomba kunowanzo fungidzirwa. Kana mamiriro acho asina kuzadzikiswa, hurongwa hwakajairika hunoshanda: rubatsiro rwemutemo runotsigirwa kuburikidza neRaad voor Rechtsbijstand kune avo vane mari nezvinhu zviri pasi pemiganhu yemutemo, nemupiro wemunhu wega unoenderana nemari inowanikwa uye unowanikwa gore rega rega, kana inishuwarenzi yemari yemutemo, kana kubhadhara pachivande. Nzira ipi inoshanda inofanirwa kutsanangurwa pakutanga kwete gare gare.
Kodzero dzinopihwa vanhu vakabatwa nemutemo
Musoro wechitatu weBhuku 1 reWetboek van Strafvordering unoratidza chinzvimbo chemunhu akabatwa. Mapurisa nePublic Prosecution Service vanofanira kubata munhu akabatwa nemazvo uye vanofanira kupa ruzivo nezvekufambira mberi kwenyaya, kusanganisira sarudzo yekupomera mhosva, zuva rekunzwa nyaya yacho uye mhedzisiro yayo. Munhu akabatwa ane kodzero yekubatsirwa negweta uye anogonawo kuperekedzwa nemunhu waanosarudza. Kana munhu akabatwa asingataure chiDutch, muturikiri anofanira kupihwa, uye magwaro akakosha anofanira kushandurwa.
Munhu anenge abatwa nemhosva ane kodzero yekuwedzera magwaro kufaira uye kuriongorora. Muchuchisi anobvumira mukana uyu uye unogona kudziviswa kana kuferefeta kuchidikanwa, ndosaka zvikumbiro zvichiwanzoitwa kuburikidza negweta uye zvichidzokororwa sezvo faira richikura. Imwe kodzero iri nyore kufuratira ndeyekuongorora kwemunhu oga: mapurisa anoongorora kana munhu anenge abatwa nemhosva achida matanho ekudzivirira chaiwo, akadai sekudzivirira kusangana nemunhu anenge abatwa nemhosva pachivako chedare kana kubvunzurudzwa nemupurisa mumwe chete panguva yese.
Bhuku rinonzi Wet uitbreiding slachtofferrechten, rakaburitswa muna 2021 uye rakatanga kushanda zvishoma nezvishoma, rakasimbisa pfungwa iyi zvakanyanya. Rakawedzera kodzero yekutaura nehama dzakawanda uye rakaisa mutoro kune vanofungidzirwa kuti vari mujeri munyaya dzechisimba uye dzepabonde kuti vauye kudare, kuitira kuti munhu anenge ataurwa asataure nechigaro chisina munhu.
Kukumbira muripo munyaya yemhosva
Munhu akarasikirwa nekuda kwemhosva iyi anogona kupinda mumatare edzimhosva semunhu akakuvara (benadeelde partij) okumbira muripo kubva kumufungiri ipapo, pachinzvimbo chekutanga matare edzimhosva akasiyana. Chikumbiro ichi chinosanganisira kurasikirwa nezvinhu, zvakaita semari yekurapwa, pfuma yakakuvara uye kurasikirwa nemari, uye kurasikirwa kusiri kwechokwadi nekuda kwekukuvara kwakaitika. Zvinofanira kuverengerwa uye kutsigirwa nemagwaro, ndosaka ma invoice, zvinyorwa zvekurapa uye tsamba nemakambani einishuwarenzi zvichikosha kubva pakutanga.
Pane muganho wakavakirwa mumaitiro acho. Dare remhosva rinongobata chete chikumbiro chisingaisi mutoro wakawandisa pakutongwa kwemhosva. Chikumbiro chinoda humbowo hwakakura, mishumo yenyanzvi kana kuverenga kurasikirwa mune ramangwana kunokakavadzana chinogona kunzi hachigamuchirwi chose kana kuti chikamu chacho, uye muchiitiko ichocho munhu anenge abatwa anochengeta kodzero yekuchiendesa kudare redzimhosva. Saka chikumbiro chakagadzirwa zvakanaka uye chakanyorwa zvakanaka hachingobudiriri chete; chinogona kugadziriswa zvachose.
Kana dare rikapa chikumbiro ichi, rinowanzo wedzerawo muripo (schadevergoedingsmaatregel) pamwe chete nacho. Izvi zvinochinja kuti ndiani anounganidza mari yacho: Hurumende, kuburikidza neCJIB, inounganidza mari yacho kubva kumunhu akabatwa nemhosva, saka munhu wacho haafanire kutevera munhu wacho. Zvinovhurawo chirongwa chekubhadhara mari yacho. Kana munhu wacho asina kubhadhara mukati memwedzi misere kubva pakatanga kusagadziriswa kwemutongo, Hurumende inobhadhara mari yacho kumunhu wacho. Kune vanhu vakabatwa nemhosva dzechisimba uye dzepabonde, mari yacho haidzivirirwe; kune dzimwe mhosva inogumira pamutengo wakatarwa nedare remakurukota. Hurumende inozoramba ichitora mari kubva kumutadzi nenjodzi yayo.
Kana nzira yemhosva ikasaburitsa mhedzisiro
Kusunungurwa hakuvhari muripo. Dare remhosva rinoshandisa mwero wakaoma weuchapupu kupfuura dare remhosva, uye chikumbiro chinokundikana nekuti mhosva yacho haigone kuratidzwa pasina mubvunzo chinogona kubudirira mumatare edzimhosva, uko mhosva inoongororwa pamwero wepamutemo wevanhu. Chikumbiro chacho chinobva chakavakirwa pachiitiko chisiri pamutemo (onrechtmatige daad) pasi peMutemo weVanhu. Tinobata nzira iyoyo zvakasiyana mugwaro redu rekodzero dzevakabatwa mumutemo wevanhu wekuDutch mushure memhosva yemhosva.
Kunewo nzira isingatsamiri pamutadzi zvachose. Schadefonds Geweldsmisdrijven (Mhosva dzeMhosva dzeMhirizhonga) inobhadhara kune vakabatwa nemhosva yechisimba nemaune kana mhosva yepabonde vakatambura nemigumisiro yemuviri kana yepfungwa, uye kune hama dzakasara. Mari iyi haidi kuti mutadzi apiwe mhosva uye haidi kuti mutadzi azivikanwe, izvo zvinoita kuti ive yakakosha kana nyaya yacho isingambogadziriswi kana kuti mutadzi asingakwanise kubhadhara. Chikumbiro chinofanira kusvika kumari mukati memakore gumi mushure memhosva, kunyange chikumbiro chinotevera chichigona kutariswa kana paine chikonzero chakanaka chekunonoka. Muripo wacho mupiro wakatarwa kubva pane purogiramu pane muripo wakazara, uye mari yatogamuchirwa kubva kumutadzi kana kubva kuinishuwarenzi inobviswa. Ruzivo rwuri pa www.schadefonds.nl.
Kodzero yekutaura pamusangano wedare
Vakabatwa nemhosva nedzimwe hama vane kodzero yekutaura pakutongwa kwemhosva dzine chekuita nemhosva dzakakomba. Hunhu hwezvingataurwa hahungogumiri pamigumisiro yemhosva: sezvo mutemo wakagadziriswa, munhu anenge abatwa nemhosva anogonawo kuratidza maonero ake pauchapupu uye pamutongo. Chirevo ichi chinogona kutaurwa nemunhu, kuverengwa negweta kana nemumwe munhu, kana kutumirwa nekunyora.
Kushandisa kodzero isarudzo, kwete basa, uye zvakakodzera kuita sarudzo iyoyo nemaune. Kutaura kunobatsira vanhu vazhinji uye kunopa dare ruzivo rwaisazove narwo. Zvinorevawo kuonekwa mudare revanhu vose pamberi pemunhu ari kupomerwa mhosva uye, muzviitiko zvakakomba, nevezvenhau. Gweta rinogona kuronga dziviriro dzinoshanda, dzakadai sekamuri rekumirira rakasiyana, uye rinogona kupa mazano pamusoro pezvinhu zvinobatsira kuisa uye zviri nani kusaiswa nekuti zvinogona kukoka mibvunzo kubva kuvadziviriri. Chinyorwa chedu pamusoro pekutongwa kwemhosva muNetherlands chinotsanangura kuti zuva racho rakarongwa sei.
Kana Public Prosecution Service ikasarudza kusatonga
Muchuchisi anosarudza kana ounza nyaya, uye mutongo iwoyo unogona kuenda kumunhu akakuvadzwa. Kana Public Prosecution Service ikarasa nyaya kana kusarudza kusaendesa nyaya kudare repamusoro, munhu ane hanya zvakananga anogona kumhan'arira kudare repamusoro. Dare repamusoro rinoongorora kana nyaya yacho ichifanira kumhan'arira uye rinogona kuraira Public Prosecution Service kuti iende kudare repamusoro. Maitiro acho akavhurika pasina gweta, asi nyaya yacho inofanira kutsanangura kuti sei nyaya yacho ichidiwa, uye inogona kunzi haigamuchirwi kana ikamhan'arirwa kunonoka kana kuti mhosva yacho yave nenguva yakarambidzwa, saka haisi danho rekusiya nhema.
Dziviriro uye zvinorambidzwa kusangana nevanhu
Kana kuchengetedzeka kuri iko kunetseka kwekukurumidza, magwaro akati wandei anoshanda panguva imwe chete uye haasi ese ari emhosva. Muchuchisi wehurumende anogona kupa gwara rekuita kune munhu ari kupomerwa panguva yekuferefeta, kusanganisira kurambidzwa kusangana kana nzvimbo. Dare rinogona kuisa kurambidzwa kusangana sechinzvimbo chakakosha pamutongo wakamiswa kana kusunungurwa zvine conditional, uye rinogona kuisa rimwe senzira yakasiyana. Zvisingabatanidzwi nenyaya yemhosva, dare rehurumende rinogona kupa gwara rekudzivirira nekubhadhara chirango muzviitiko zvekukurumidzira, iyo inowanzova nzira inokurumidza iyo pasina faira remhosva parizvino. Munzvimbo yemumba, meya anogona kupa gwaro rekusabatanidzwa mudzimba kwenguva pfupi kune munhu ari kutyisidzira, pakutanga kwenguva pfupi yakatarwa inogona kuwedzerwa.
Kuti chii chinoenderana nezviri kuitika uye kuti humbowo hupi huripo. Kana chiito chacho chiine kutevera nguva dzose, kubata munhu uye kutyisidzira pane chiitiko chimwe chete, mhosva yekuteverera munhu ndiyo iri kushanda uye nzira dzemhosva nedzevanhu dziripo; takazvitsanangura munyaya yedu pamusoro pekuteverera munhu uye matanho emutemo aripo.
Mhosva dzepabonde: chii chakachinja musi wa1 Chikunguru 2024
Mutemo weWet seksuele misdrijven wakatanga kushanda musi wa1 Chikunguru 2024 uye wakanyorazve chikamu ichi cheCriminal Code. Mhosva itsva dzakavakirwa pakubvumirana kwete pakumanikidza kana kumanikidza, uye mutemo ikozvino unofukidzawo maitiro ayo mupari wemhosva aifanira kunge aiziva kuti mvumo yaisavapo. Wakaunza mhosva dzekushungurudza pabonde pachena uye online uye wakavandudza mitemo yetsika dzepabonde dzine chekuita nevana. Ndeipi shanduro inoshanda zvinoenderana nekuti tsika yacho yakaitika riini, saka nyaya dziri pakati pezuva dzinoongororwa pasi pezvose, uye ndiwo mubvunzo wefaira kwete mutemo wakajairika. Nyaya yedu pamusoro penyaya yemhosva dzepabonde muNetherlands inobata nemaitiro acho zvakadzama.
Kuganhurirwa inyaya yakasiyana inowanzo sarudza kana paine chinhu chingaitwa. Mhosva dzakakomba dzine mitongo yakanyanya kuoma hadzina muganho, uye pamhosva dzepabonde dzakaitirwa mwana mudiki, nguva yekuganhurirwa haitangi kusvika munhu abatwa asvika makore gumi nemasere. Kana mhosva iri yekare, mubvunzo wekutanga unobvunzwa negweta hausi wekuti inogona kuratidzwa here asi kuti inogona kupomerwa here.
Kusanzwisisana kwakajairika
Chekutanga ndechekuti muchuchisi ndiye gweta remunhu anenge abatwa nemhosva. Dare rePublic Prosecution Service rinoita basa rekubatsira veruzhinji uye harizogari riine maonero akafanana neemunhu anenge abatwa nemhosva; rinosarudza mhosva yacho, humbowo hunofanira kupihwa uye mutongo waro, uye harisungirwe kumanikidza chikumbiro chemuripo. Gweta rinorayirwa nemunhu anenge abatwa nemhosva chete ndiro rinoita basa rekubatsira munhu anenge abatwa nemhosva chete.
Chechipiri ndechekuti hapana chinogona kuitwa mushumo usati waitwa. Mazano emutemo usati waita mushumo kazhinji ndiyo nguva inobatsira kupfuura dzose, nekuti ndipo panoitwa sarudzo pamusoro pezvekuchengetedza, zvekunyora uye kana zvichifanira kuitwa.
Chechitatu ndechekuti chikumbiro chekuripira chinogona kugadziriswa zvisina kurongeka pakunzwa kwenyaya. Hazvigoneke. Chinofanira kutumirwa pafomu rakatarwa, munguva yakakodzera, chakayerwa uye chakatsigirwa neuchapupu, uye chikumbiro chinononoka kusvika kana chisina kutsigirwa ndicho chinonzi hachigamuchirwi.
Chechina ndechekuti rubatsiro rwemutemo rwemahara runofukidza zvese. Runofukidza nyaya dzemhosva nenzvimbo yemunhu ari kupomerwa. Nyaya dzematare edzimhosva dzinotevera, migumisiro yebasa kana kunyorera kuSchadefonds zvinogona kuwira pasi pehurongwa hwakasiyana, hwakakodzera kuongororwa pakutanga.
Kwekuwana rutsigiro
- Slachtofferhulp Nederland inopa rutsigiro rwemahara, rwemanzwiro uye rwemutemo kune vakashungurudzwa nehama, panhamba 0900-0101.
- Schadefonds Geweldsmisdrijven anobhadhara vanhu vakabatwa nechisimba uye mhosva dzepabonde nemaune, pasina mhosva ipi zvayo yemhosva.
- Mapurisa nePublic Prosecution Service vanosungirwa kukuzivisai nezvekufambira mberi kwenyaya yacho uye nezvekodzero dzenyu, kusanganisira mukana wekuwana rubatsiro rwepamutemo.
- Murevereri wevaya vakabatwa anoshandisa kodzero dzako mukati menyaya dzemhosva uye anogadzirira nekutumira chikumbiro chekuripwa.
Mibvunzo inowanzo bvunzwa nezvevanotsigira vakashungurudzwa
Chii chinoitwa nemumiriri wevanoshungurudzwa?
Mumiriri wevanenge vabatwa inyanzvi yezvemitemo inobatsira vanhu vanenge vabatwa nemhosva dzechisimba uye dzepabonde panguva yekutongwa kwemhosva, ichivabatsira kuvamiririra, ichikumbira muripo kuburikidza nedare remhosva, ichipa mazano ekudzivirira, uye ichibatsira mukuzivisa nyaya dzavo uye kubvunzurudzwa nemapurisa.
Vanhu vakabatwa nechisimba chakakomba kana mhosva dzepabonde vanofanira kubhadhara rubatsiro urwu rwemutemo ivo pachavo here?
Kwete, chero bedzi mitemo yepamutemo yazadzikiswa: mhosva yacho imhosva yechisimba kana yepabonde, munhu anofungidzirwa anozivikanwa nevakuru, uye kukuvara kwacho kwakakomba zvekuti kuwira muboka rinofukidzwa neWet schadefonds geweldsmisdrijven. Saka hapana bvunzo yemari inowanikwa uye hapana mupiro wemunhu.
Munhu akashungurudzwa anogona kupikisa chisarudzo chakaitwa nePublic Prosecution Service here?
Ehe, kana munhu akashungurudzwa asingabvumirani nechisarudzo chakaita sekudzingwa kwenyaya, dare repamusoro rinogona kunzwa chichemo pamusoro peizvi.
Munhu anenge abatwa nemhosva anogona here kukumbira muripo sechikamu chemhosva yacho pachayo?
Ehe, gweta remunhu anenge abatwa nemhosva anogona kuferefeta muripo kuburikidza nedare redzimhosva kuburikidza nematanho ekubatana, pamwe chete nedzimwe nzira dzematare edzimhosva dzakasiyana kuti awane zvimwe zvikumbiro.
sei Law & More anogona kubatsira
Magweta edu emhosva anomirira vakashungurudzwa nehama dzakasara dziri mumatare emhosva. Tinopa zano tisati tanyora gwaro, torai uye ongororai faira renyaya, gadzirirai uye tumirai chikumbiro semunhu akakuvara, gadzirirai gwaro remunhu akakuvara uye pindai musangano, kumbirai matanho ekudzivirira kana paine nyaya yekuchengetedza, uye nyorai chikumbiro kudare repamusoro kana Public Prosecution Service yasarudza kusatonga. Kana mamiriro ekubatsira pamutemo asingabhadharwi, rubatsiro irworwo haruna muripo; kana rusingabhadharwi, tinokuudzai pamusangano wekutanga kuti urongwa hupi hunoshanda. Munogona kuverenga zvakawanda mumagwaro edu emutemo wemhosva kana kutibata kuti tikurukurei mamiriro enyu ezvinhu.
