Mhando dzezvibvumirano zvekutengeserana pasi pemutemo weDutch

Chibvumirano chekutengeserana pasi pemutemo weDutch chibvumirano chipi nechipi pakati pemabhizinesi nezvekugoverwa kwezvinhu, masevhisi, kodzero kana mari. Chinoitika kuburikidza nekupa uye kugamuchirwa pasi pechinyorwa 6:217 cheDutch Civil Code, pasina chinodiwa chekunyora, kusaina, kusimbisa kana kufunga. Mutemo weDutch unobva waganhurira rusununguko irworwo munzvimbo dzinobata mapato: chibvumirano chisina kumbosainwa chinogona kukuchengetedza, chikamu chinoverenga zvakanaka chinogona kusiyiwa parutivi sechisingagamuchirwi, uye sarudzo yemutemo weChirungu haidzivisi mitemo yeDutch inosungirwa. Pazasi tinotsanangura zvinoita kuti chibvumirano chekutengeserana chive chechokwadi, ndezvipi zvikamu zvinoita basa, chii chinoitika kana rimwe divi rikatadza kushanda, chii chinoshanduka kana chibvumirano chayambuka muganhu, uye ndechipi chemhando dzezvibvumirano zvekutengeserana zvinoenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu.

Kondirakiti yekutengeserana inoshanda rini?

Chibvumirano chinovapo kuburikidza nekupa uye kugamuchirwa, pasi pechinyorwa 6:217 cheDutch Civil Code. Hapana chimwe chinodiwa. Hapana chinodiwa chekunyora, hapana chinodiwa chekusaina, hapana chisimbiso, uye hapana kufunga maererano nemutemo weChirungu. Mubhizinesi izvi zvinowanzova njodzi pane kuva nyore, nekuti zvinoreva kuti chibvumirano chinogona kupera mukutsinhana mameseji ayo hapana divi rakafunga kuti ndiwo ekupedzisira.

Chinokosha chinangwa chakaziviswa. Zvinyorwa 3:33 na3:35 zveCivil Code zvinobatanidza zviviri izvi: chibvumirano chinoda chinangwa chakaenderana nechiziviso, asi bato rakavimba nezvakataurwa nerimwe rinogona kubvumirana neizvozvo. Saka mubvunzo unowanzo taurwa ndewekuti "wairevei". Ndewekuti "rimwe divi rinogona kukuudza kuti chii".

Ungagumisa rini chibvumirano kana paine chibvumirano chisina kunaka?

Kunyangwe chibvumirano chakasimbiswa zviri pamutemo chinogona kukanzurwa kana mvumo isina kunaka.

• Mistake (dhaling, chinyorwa 6:228 cheMutemo weVanhu). Chibvumirano chakaitwa pamufananidzo usiri iwo wechokwadi, uye mumwe munhu ndiye akakonzera mufananidzo iwoyo, kana kuti akazviziva uye aifanira kuzvigadzirisa, kana kuti aive pasi pekusanzwisisana kumwe chete. Chikanganiso chinofanira kunge chine chekuita nezviripo iye zvino, kwete tarisiro yekusuwa nezveramangwana.
• Kubiridzira, kumanikidzwa uye kushandiswa zvisina kunaka kwemamiriro ezvinhu (chinyorwa 3:44 cheMutemo weVanhu). Kubiridzira kutaura zvisirizvo kana kuvanza nemaune; kumanikidza kumanikidzwa kusiri pamutemo; kushandisa mamiriro ezvinhu zvisina kunaka kushandisa mamiriro ekuvimba, kushaya ruzivo kana kutambudzika.

Mugumisiro wacho unosiyana nekusava nebasa: chibvumirano hachishande, saka chinomira kusvika chabviswa, uye kodzero yekudzima chibvumirano inoiswa panguva yakatarwa. Kana chibvumirano chaitwa kwemakore, chikumbiro chekukanganisa chinowanzokundikana nekuda kwechikonzero ichocho chete kwete nekuda kwezvikonzero.

Ndiani anogona kusaina kambani?

Kusaina nemunhu asina mvumo ndicho chikanganiso chinowanzoitika uye chinodhura zvikuru mukuita B2B. Macheki matatu anofukidza zvinenge zvese.

• Rejista yekutengeserana. Chidimbu cheChamber of Commerce chinoratidza kuti vatungamiriri ndivanaani uye kuti simba ravo nderevoga here kana kuti rakabatana, uye kana richigumira pahuwandu hwaro. Kusaina kwemutungamiriri ane mvumo yekubatana chete hakusungi kambani.
• Simba remumiriri. Kana munhu akasaina asiri director, bvunza mvumo yakanyorwa uye tarisa kuti ishande sei uye zuva rayo. Zvinyorwa 3:60 nezvinotevera zveCivil Code zvinotonga sangano rerudzi urwu.
• Simba rinoonekwa. Chinyorwa 3:61 cheMutemo weVanhu chinogona kusunga kambani kunyangwe paine simba risina, kana kambani yacho yaivimba zvine musoro nechitarisiko chesimba rakagadzirwa nekambani pachayo. Izvi zvinodzivirira kambani yacho inoshingaira; hachisi chinhu chekuvimba nacho nemaune.

Pazvisarudzo zvine huremu hwakati, zvinyorwa zvesangano zvingada chisarudzo chebhodhi kana chevane migove. Kumbira pane kungofungidzira.

Ko chibvumirano chinoda fomu kana siginecha chaiyo here?

Zvibvumirano zvakawanda zvekutengeserana hazvina fomu. Zvisizvo zvinokosha: kutamiswa kwepfuma yakanyoreswa, kutamiswa kwemasheya muBV kana NV, uye zvinyorwa zvakawanda zvemhuri nekugara nhaka zvinoda gwaro rekusimbisa, uye chibvumirano chinodarika fomu rinodiwa hachishandi pane kungosimbiswa.

Siginicha yemagetsi inotongwa nemutemo we eIDAS pamwe chete nechikamu 3:15a cheCivil Code. Siginicha yemagetsi iri nyore haina kukosha, asi siginicha yemagetsi yakakodzera inoenzaniswa neyakanyorwa nemaoko, uye musiyano unoratidzwa kana chokwadi chikakakavadzana. Kune zvibvumirano zvebhizinesi zvenguva dzose siginicha yepamusoro kuburikidza nepuratifomu ine mukurumbira inowanzoenderana; kune chero chinhu chinofanira kupukunyuka dambudziko rakaipa, tora nzira yakakodzera.

Kukwanisa pamutemo ndicho chinodiwa pakuumba bhizimisi. Zvibvumirano nevana nevakuru pasi pemitemo yekudzivirira zvinogona kukanzurwa nemumiriri, izvo zvisingawanzoitiki muB2B asi dzimwe nguva zvinova zvevatengesi vega.

Rusununguko rwechibvumirano runosvika papi?

Mapato anogona kubvumirana zvavanoda, asi kunzwisisa uye kururamisira, mitemo yekududzira uye mutemo unosungirwa zvinoisa miganhu.

Rusununguko rwechibvumirano ndiyo pokutangira, uye mutemo weDutch unobva washandisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekugadzirisa.

Dare rinogona here kubvisa chikamu chemutemo parutivi?

Chinyorwa 6:248 cheMutemo weVanhu chinopa kuvimbika kwakanaka — redelijkheid en billijkheid — mabasa maviri. Chinowedzera chibvumirano, chichizadza mipata isina kugadziriswa nemapoka. Uye chinorambidza: mutemo unoshanda pasi pechibvumirano haushande kana, mumamiriro ezvinhu, izvo zvisingagamuchirwi nemitemo yekunzwisisa uye kururamisira. Muganho webasa rinorambidza wakakwira nemaune; "kusaruramisira" hakuna kukwana, uye matare eDutch haadi zvakanyanya pano muhukama hweB2B pakati pemapato ehunyanzvi kupfuura munzvimbo yevatengi. Asi ichi ndicho chikonzero chikamu chinoverenga zvakanaka chinogona kuramba chichikundikana, uye ndicho chinowanzo shaikwa negweta rekune dzimwe nyika rinoverenga chibvumirano cheDutch.

Dare reDutch rinodudzira sei chibvumirano?

Matare eDutch haaverengi chibvumirano kubva muduramazwi chete. Kubva pamutongo weHaviltex weDare Repamusorosoro, mubvunzo ndewekuti mapato anogona kutsanangura sei mashoko acho mumamiriro ezvinhu, uye kuti chii chavanogona kutarisira kubva kune mumwe nemumwe. Nhoroondo yekutaurirana, hunyanzvi hwemapato uye kana vakarayirwa zvese zvinopindirana. Pakati pemapato ane hunyanzvi anorayirwa nemagweta, uye kunyanya apo chibvumirano chine chibvumirano chakazara, mazwi acho ane simba guru; haambotauri zvese.

Ndeipi mitemo isingagone kubvumidzwa?

Mimwe mitemo haigone kutaurwa. Mukutengeserana, iyo inoruma inyaya dzesangano, mitemo nemipimo, mutemo wemakwikwi, nemitemo inodzivirira munhu asina simba mumhando dzezvibvumirano. Chikamu chinopesana nemutemo unosungirwa hachishandi pane izvozvo.

Chii chinoitika kune zvimwe zvese zviri muchibvumirano kana chikamu chimwe chete chikasashanda?

Ndizvo zvinorehwa nechikamu chekubvisa zvikanganiso. Pasina chimwe, chikamu 3:41 cheCivil Code chinosarudza kana chikamu chekubvisa zvirevo chichidhonza chikamu chasara chechibvumirano nacho, nekubvunza kana chasara chakabatana nacho zvisingaparadzaniswe. Chikamu chekubvisa zvirevo chinotaurawo zvinofanira kuitika - kuti mapato achatsiva chikamu chekubvisa zvirevo nechakakodzera chiri kusvika pachinangwa chayo - chinobatsira zvikuru kupfuura vhezheni isina chinhu inongotaura kuti zvimwe zvese zvinopona.

Ndezvipi zvikamu zvinosarudza mhedzisiro yechibvumirano chebhizinesi?

Kusarudzwa kwemutemo neforamu, kuganhurirwa kwemhosva, muripo, simba guru, zvakavanzika, kusakwikwidzana, pfuma yepfungwa uye kuchengetedzwa kwedata.

Zvikamu zviri pazasi ndizvo zvinosarudza mhedzisiro. Chimwe nechimwe chinopiwa neshoko rechiDutch, nekuti ndizvo zvichashandiswa negweta remumwe munhu.

Zviviri zveizvi zvinofanira kusimbiswa nekuti zvinowanzoonekwa senyaya dzebasa kana dzeIT uye zvobva zvakanganwika muchibvumirano chebhizinesi. Chisungo chekusakumbira pakati pemabhizinesi ndicho chega chinodzivirira kubva kune mumwe munhu anotora vashandi kubva kuchikwata chavanoshanda nacho. Uye apo rimwe bato rinogadzirisa ruzivo rwemunhu zvichienderana nemirairo yerimwe — mutengesi ari kutumira tsamba, puratifomu inochengeta zvinyorwa zvevatengi — chibvumirano chekugadzirisa hachisi chekusarudza.

Chii chinofanira kunge chiri muchibvumirano, uye chii maererano nezvamunotaura?

Isa zvamakataurirana muchibvumirano uye muzvikamu zvakajairwa mumashoko akajairika, nekuti mazwi akajairika anotongwa nehurongwa hwawo hwakaoma.

Zvinodiwa muchibvumirano uye zvinodiwa mumashoko akajairika inyaya chaiyo, kwete nyaya yetsika, nekuti mutemo weDutch unobata mitemo nemamiriro ezvinhu pasi pehutongi hwavo muBhuku 6 reMutemo weVanhu, muchikamu che algemene voorwaarden.

Migumisiro mitatu inotevera. Chekutanga, izwi muzviitiko zvakajairika rinogona kubviswa kana richinetsa zvisina musoro, iro riri chiyero chakaderera pane chinoshandiswa kuzvikamu zvakatauriranwa zvega zvega. Chechipiri, mushandisi wemashoko ane basa rekuita kuti awanikwe asati asvika kana panguva yekupa chibvumirano; zvikasadaro, mazwi anogona kubviswa nekuda kwechikonzero ichocho chete, uye kunongedzera webhusaiti hakugari kwakakwana. Chechitatu, dziviriro haina kuvhurika kune wese munhu: boka guru, rinotsanangurwa nehukuru uye zvisungo zvekuzivisa, harigone kuzvishandisa, ndosaka mutemo wacho uchikosha zvikuru muzvibvumirano nemabhizinesi madiki.

Zvadaro pane hondo yemafomu . Apo mapato ese ari maviri anotaura nezvemamiriro avo, chikamu 6:225 cheMutemo weVanhu chinopa pekutanga, kunze kwekunge bato rechipiri richiramba pachena rekutanga - pachena, kwete nenzira yechikamu chakajairwa mumamiriro aro. Ani naani anoda kuti mitemo yavo ishande anofanira kutaura izvozvo zvakajeka, mukubvuma pacharo.

Mutemo unoshanda: chero chinhu chakataurwa nemapato ndechemuchibvumirano, uye chero chinhu chakajairwa ndechemumamiriro ezvinhu. Shoko guru rechibvumirano rakachengeteka muchibvumirano, apo bvunzo inorema isingasvike pairi.

Chibvumirano chemuromo chinosungirwa here?

Chibvumirano chinoitwa nemuromo chinosunga sechakanyorwa, kunze kwekunge paine chinodiwa pafomu. Dambudziko harisi rechokwadi asi humbowo, uye maitiro ehurumende eDutch anosiya mutoro kune bato rinosimbisa chibvumirano.

Muchokwadi bato iroro hariwanzo kushaya zvinhu. Kuchinjana kweWhatsApp, email inosimbisa zvakakurukurwa, invoice isina kubhadharwa asi isina kupikiswa, kutumira kunogamuchirwa pasina kunyunyuta, tsamba yekufona yakatumirwa kune rimwe divi zuva rimwe chete: imwe neimwe yakatetepa, pamwe chete kazhinji inogadzirisa. Maitiro anonyengetedza dare ndeenguva imwe chete, akafanana uye haana kugadzirwa kuti pave nekukakavadzana. Humbowo hweuchapupu hunotenderwa uye bato rinogona kunzwiwa sechapupu, kunyangwe chirevo chebato racho chine huremu hushoma apo vanotakura mutoro wehumbowo.

Zano rinoshanda harina mukurumbira uye rinoshanda. Mushure mekubvumirana nemuromo, tumira chisimbiso chipfupi chezvakabvumiranwa wobva wakumbira mumwe munhu kuti asimbise. Kunyarara pamberi pemashoko akadaro hakusi kugamuchirwa nemutemo, asi dare rinozviona, uye shoko racho pacharo rinova humbowo hwezvakakurukurwa uye riini.

Imwe pfungwa inouya mukutengeserana kwenyika dzese: chibvumirano muchiRungu pakati pemapato eDutch chinoshanda, uye ndizvo zvakaitawo chibvumirano muchiDutch pakati peDutch nebato rekunze. Mutauro haukanganisi kushanda kwenyaya. Unokanganisa kududzirwa, nekuti mazwi emutemo eChirungu ane zvaanoreva kubva muhurongwa husingashande, uye izwi rakaita sekuti "zvakanakisa kuedza" kana "kurasikirwa kwakakosha" richaverengwa sezviri kuverengwa nedare reDutch, kwete sezvingaitwa neChirungu.

Unogona here kumisa hurukuro dzakasununguka?

Pakutanga, hongu. Gare gare, kusiya kambani kunogona kuita kuti uve nemhosva yekubhadhara mari yemumwe munhu uye, mune dzimwe nguva, purofiti yakarasika.

Kutaurirana hakusi kusavapo kwemutemo. Kubva panguva iyo mapato anotanga hurukuro, anomira muhukama hunodzorwa nekutenda kwakanaka, uye izvozvo zvine mhedzisiro yezvinoitwa nemumwe nemumwe uye zvinodhura kubva.

Mutemo wenyaya dzeDutch unoshanda nehurongwa hwakatevedzana. Pakutanga-tanga, chero bato ripi zvaro rinogona kupatsanurana zvakasununguka uye rinotakura mari yaro. Sezvo hurukuro dzichienderera mberi, kupatsanurana kunogona kuita kuti bato riite izvozvo rifanire kubhadhara mari yerimwe. Uye muchikamu chekupedzisira, apo rimwe bato rinogona kufunga kuti chibvumirano chichaitika, kupatsanurana kunogona kusagamuchirwa zvachose, zvichiita kuti bato riwane chikumbiro chekukuvadzwa kunogona kusvika pakuwana purofiti yakarasika, kana kuti kurayirwa kuti rirambe richitaurirana.

Muganho wakakwira, uye nemaune wakadaro. Dare Repamusorosoro rakati mwero wekuona kuti kupatsanurana hakubvumidzwe wakaoma, uye kuti dare rinofanira kuzvidzora: pokutangira ndekuti bato rinogona kupatsanurana, uye zviri kune bato rakaodzwa mwoyo kuti rione kuti kuvimba kwaro nechibvumirano chakaitika kwakakodzera, tichifunga kuti hurukuro dzakaitwa sei uye kana rimwe divi rakabatsira here pakuvimba ikoko. Mamiriro ezvinhu akakosha anosanganisira kubvumirana pazvinhu zvese zvakakosha, shanduro yekupedzisira yakanyorwa pamwe chete, uye bato rinokurudzira rimwe kuti ribhadhare mari.

Mhinduro inoshanda ndeyekusaita nharo nezvazvo mushure mezvo. Tsamba pfupi yechinangwa inotaura kuti hapana bato rinosungirwa kusvika chibvumirano chakasainwa chavapo, kuti rimwe nerimwe rine mari yaro, uye kuti chero ripi zvaro rinogona kubvisa chero nguva, rinobvisa njodzi yese. Kana kupihwa mukana wekuzvisarudzira kana kuti rimwe bato rikakumbirwa kuisa mari panguva yehurukuro, tsamba yacho inofanira kutaura kuti chii chinoitika kumari idzodzo kana chibvumirano chikasapera.

Mutemo wenyaya iyi, chii chinogona kutaurwa uye kuti kurambidzwa kunodzivisa sei mubvunzo uyu kumuka zvinotsanangurwa papeji redu nezvekumisa hurukuro pasi pemutemo weDutch.

Ungaitei kana mumwe munhu akasaita basa rake?

Tumira chiziviso chekutanga chekuti hauna kushanda. Mushure meizvozvo unogona kukumbira kushanda, kumisa kushanda kwako, kugumisa chibvumirano uye kukumbira muripo wemari.

Sei chiziviso chekusaita basa chichifanira kudiwa?

Iri ndiro danho rinowanzo darikwa, uye kurisvetuka kunokunda zvichemo zvine musoro. Kazhinji, mishonga yekusaita basa inoda kuti mukwereti abhadhare chikwereti ( verzuim ), uye kutadza kuita basa kunowanzoitika mushure mekuzivisa kwakanyorwa nguva yakakodzera yekuita basa: ingebrekestelling , pasi pezvinyorwa 6:82 na6:83 zveCivil Code. Pane zvimwe zvinhu zvisingaitwe - apo kuita basa kwave kusingagoneki zvachose, apo nguva yakatarwa yapfuura, kana apo mukwereti anojekesa kuti hazvizoiti - asi izvo zvinhu zvisingaitwe, uye kuvimba nechimwe chisarudzo chinofanira kuitwa nemaune.

Chiziviso chinoshanda chinotaura zvakabvumiranwa, zvisina kuitwa, zvinodiwa, uye kuti zvichasvika riini, nenguva yakakwana yekukwana mumamiriro ezvinhu. Chitumire nenzira inoratidza kuti chagamuchirwa.

Ndeipi mishonga iripo?

• Performance. Taura kuti chibvumirano chinofanira kuitwa, kana zvichidikanwa kuburikidza nedare pamwe nechirango chekusatevedzera mutemo.
• Kusimudzirwa (opschorting, chikamu 6:52 cheMutemo weVanhu). Usaita basa rako pachako kana mumwe munhu ari kutyora mutemo — zvinoshanda, uye kumanikidzwa kunowanzo gadzirisa nyaya yacho, asi kumisa mutemo pasina chikonzero kunokuisa mukutyora mutemo.
• Kuguma (ontbinding, chikamu 6:265 cheMutemo weVanhu). Kukundikana kupi zvako kunopa kodzero yekugumisa kunze kwekunge kukundikana, tichifunga nezvekukosha kwako kudiki, kusingakubvumidze. Kugumisa kunosunungura chibvumirano uye kunoita kuti pave nezvisungo zvekuripa; hazvibvisi mari yekukuvara.
• Kukuvara (chinyorwa 6:74 cheMutemo weVanhu). Muripo wekurasikirwa kwakakonzerwa nekutyorwa kwemutemo, zvichienderana nemhosva uye mitemo yezvikonzero uye inonzwisisika, uye chero muganho wechibvumirano.

Ko chibvumirano chinogona kuchinjwa nekuda kwemamiriro ezvinhu asingatarisirwi here?

Kana mamiriro ezvinhu achichinja zvakanyanya zvekuti rimwe bato risingakwanise kutarisira kuti chibvumirano chirambe chisina kuchinja, chikamu 6:258 cheCivil Code chinobvumira dare kugadzirisa kana kudzima chibvumirano. Iyi haisi nzira yekutenderera chibvumirano chisina kunaka: muganho wakakwira, uye mamiriro ezvinhu chibvumirano chatopihwa - izvo zvinoitwa nechikamu chekugadzirisa mitengo chakanyatsorongwa - hazvitarisirwi nekuda kwechinangwa ichi. Kushamisika kwemitengo yesimba uye kukanganiswa kwedenda kwakagadzira nyaya dzakawanda pamusoro pazvo, nemigumisiro yakasiyana-siyana yakachinja zvakanyanya pane zvakapihwa nezvibvumirano pachazvo.

Chii chinoshanduka kana chibvumirano chayambuka muganhu?

Unofanira kusarudza kuti mutemo upi unoshanda, dare ripi kana dare revatongi rinotonga nyaya dzemakakatanwa, kuti ndiani ane njodzi yekutakura nekutengesa mari, uye kuti CISG inoshanda here.

Mutemo upi unoshanda, uye kusarudza mutemo kunogumira papi?

Mukati meEU, Mutemo weRome I unodzora mutemo unoshanda. Mapato anogona kusarudza, uye sarudzo iyoyo inoremekedzwa. Miganhu miviri inogara ichiregeredzwa. Kupfuura zvisungo zvinosungirwa zveforamu kunoshanda pasinei nemutemo wakasarudzwa. Uye kana zvinhu zvese zvemamiriro ezvinhu zviri munyika imwe, kusarudza mutemo weimwe nyika hakugone kudzima mitemo inosungirwa yenyika iyoyo. Kusarudza mutemo weChirungu kana weSwitzerland wechibvumirano pakati pemakambani maviri eDutch anoitwa muNetherlands saka kunoita zvishoma pane zvinoita sekunge.

Pasina sarudzo, Roma I inopa mutemo zvichienderana nerudzi rwechibvumirano — zvakanyanya, mutemo wenyika yebato iri rinoita chisungo charo.

Dare kana kuti kutonga?

Hutongi huri muEU hunotevera Mutemo weBrussels I bis, unotsigira chikamu cheforamu. Sarudzo pakati pematare ehurumende nedare rekutonga nyaya ndeyechokwadi. Mutemo wekutonga nyaya unopa zvakavanzika, vatongi vane ruzivo rwechikamu uye, kuburikidza neNew York Convention, kusimbisa nyaya munyika dzakawanda, inova ndiyo mukana wayo mukuru apo midziyo yemukwikwidzi iri kunze kweEurope. Pamusoro peizvozvo zvinodhura, hapana kukwidza nyaya, uye rubatsiro rwechinguvana runogona kuda dare. Muyananisi inzira yechitatu uye inoshanda apo hukama hwekutengeserana hunofanirwa kuchengetedzwa; haisi nzvimbo yesarudzo inosunga. Chero chipi zvacho chakasarudzwa, chikamu chinofanira kunge chisina kujeka: chigaro, mutauro, sangano nemitemo, kana matare enzvimbo ine zita, kwete nzira mbiri panguva imwe chete.

Incoterms inogovera sei njodzi?

Mukutengesa kwepamuganhu, nguva yekutumira inosarudza kuti ndiani ane njodzi yekutakura uye kuti ndiani anobhadhara mari ipi, uye ICC Incoterms ndiyo nzira yepfupiso. EXW inoisa zvese pamutengi kubva panzvimbo yemutengesi; FOB inoisa njodzi kumutengi kana zvinhu zvasvika pachiteshi chakatumidzwa zita; DDP inoisa zvese pamutengesi kusvika pakutumira kwaanoenda. Mitemo miviri yekushandisa: gara uchitaura Incoterm nenzvimbo yakatumidzwa zita negore reshanduro, uye tarisa kuti zvinoenderana nezvinotaurwa nekondirakiti nezvekutamiswa kwerudzi, nekuti mibvunzo miviri iyi yakasiyana uye kusawirirana ndiko kunotanga kusawirirana.

Unoita sei nezvemari uye njodzi yekubhadhara?

Chibvumirano chinoshanda nekufamba kwenguva mumari yekune dzimwe nyika chine njodzi yemutengo isina chekuita nekushanda kwayo. Bata nayo zvakajeka: taura mari yekubhadhara, taura kuti ndiani anotakura mari yekushandura, uye funga nezvenzira yekugadzirisa kana chisungo chekudzivirira kutengeswa kwenguva refu. Kubhadhara kwekutanga, mari yekuisa mubhangi uye vimbiso yekubhadhara zvinopa njodzi yechikwereti nenzira imwecheteyo; vimbiso yebhangi kana tsamba yechikwereti yakakodzera mutengo wayo uko mumwe wevadyidzani asingazivikanwe kana munzvimbo ine mutemo inononoka.

Kodzero dzeVienna Sales Convention (CISG) dzinoshanda riini?

Pakutengeswa kwezvinhu pasi rose pakati pemabhizinesi ari munyika dzine zvibvumirano, CISG inoshanda yega kunze kwekunge yabviswa. Izvi zvinokatyamadza mapato nguva dzose: mutengesi wekuDutch nemutengi wekuGerman vanosarudza mutemo wekuDutch vanowana CISG, nekuti inoumba chikamu chemutemo wekuDutch wekutengesa kwakadaro. Inzira inoshanda uye mune dzimwe nzira inoshamwaridzana nemutengesi kupfuura Civil Code, kunyanya pabasa remutengi rekuongorora nekuzivisa mukati menguva pfupi. Sarudzo yekuichengeta kana kuibvisa inofanira kuitwa nemaune, uye inotaurwa muchibvumirano nenzira chero ipi zvayo.

Rudzii rwechibvumirano chekutengeserana rwaunoda?

Mitemo iri pamusoro apa inoshanda kune chero chibvumirano chekutengeserana. Chinochinja kubva pachibvumirano kuenda kune chimwe chirongwa ihurumende iri pasi payo. Mutemo weDutch unodzora mamwe marudzi ezvibvumirano zvakadzama muBhuku 7 reCivil Code uye unosiya mamwe akawanda kune mapato, uye mutsauko iwoyo unosarudza kuti chibvumirano chinoda basa rakawanda sei. Pasi apa tinokurukura marudzi manomwe ezvibvumirano zvekutengeserana zvinosangana nemabhizinesi eDutch kazhinji, nemitemo inosungirwa inoshanda kune chimwe nechimwe uye zvikamu zvinosarudza mhedzisiro kana hukama hwacho hukafamba zvisiri izvo.

Chibvumirano chekutengesa nekutenga chinofanira kufukidza chii?

Kutevedzera mitemo, nguva yekunyunyuta, kuchengetwa kwekodzero dzemunhu, kupasiswa kwenjodzi uye nguva yekubhadhara.

Kutengeswa kwezvinhu pakati pemabhizinesi inyaya yekoopovereenkomst pasi pechinyorwa 7:1 cheCivil Code: bato rimwe rinovimbisa kuendesa chinhu uye rimwe rinobhadhara mutengo. Hapana fomu rinodiwa, saka odha yekutenga nekusimbiswa kweodha zvakakwana kugadzira imwe. Mutemo unotevera hausi wekumanikidzwa munzvimbo yebhizinesi-ku-bhizinesi, zvinoreva kuti chibvumirano nemashoko akajairika zvinosarudza mibvunzo yakawanda uye Civil Code inozadza mipata chete.

Zvinhu zviviri zvine huremu hwakawanda. Chinyorwa 7:17 cheCivil Code chinoda kuti zvinhu zvienderane nechibvumirano, zvichireva kuti zvinofanirwa kunge zvine zvivakwa zvinotarisirwa nemutengi zvichienderana nerudzi rwezvinhu uye zvakataurwa nezvazvo. Uye pasi pechinyorwa 7:23 cheCivil Code, mutengi anorasikirwa nekodzero yekunyunyuta kana akasazivisa mutengesi mukati menguva yakakodzera mushure mekuona, kana mushure mekunge awana chikanganiso chacho. Nguva yakatarwa yemwedzi miviri inowanzotaurwa inoshanda chete pakutengeswa kwezvinhu zvinofambiswa nevatengi; pakati pemabhizinesi chiyero ndechenguva yakavhurika yenguva yakakodzera, uye kuti inguva yakareba sei zvinoenderana nezvinhu nekutengeserana. Vatengesi vanogara vachiipfupisa mumashoko avo, uye vatengi vanoongorora kunonoka vanorasikirwa nezvikumbiro zvakanaka pane izvi chete.

Zvikamu zvitatu zvinofanira kutariswa nemaune. Kuchengetwa kwekodzero yekutenga, zvichienderana nechikamu 3:92 cheCivil Code, kunoramba kuri kwemutengesi kusvika pakubhadhara uye ndeimwe yedziviriro shoma dzinopona mukutadza kubhadhara kwemutengi; inofanira kubvumirana isati yatumirwa, kwete kutumirwa invoice mushure mezvo. Kupfuura kwenjodzi kunofanira kutaurwa zvakajeka, uchishandisa Incoterm ine nzvimbo yakanyorwa uye gore reshanduro, uye kuongororwa maererano nezvinotaurwa nechibvumirano nezvekutamiswa kwekodzero yekutenga, nekuti idzodzo mibvunzo yakasiyana. Pakupedzisira, tsanangura nguva yekubhadhara, mhedzisiro yekunonoka kubhadhara uye kana mubereko wekutengeserana wepamutemo uchishanda, kuitira kuti faira rekuunganidza chikwereti risatange nenharo pamusoro pemutengo.

Chii chaunofanira kuziva nezvezvibvumirano zvebasa?

Mupi webasa anofanira kutarisirwa, kwete mhedzisiro, kunze kwekunge chibvumirano chataura zvakasiyana, uye mutengi anogona kugumisa chero nguva. Kurongwa kwehukama ndiyo njodzi huru.

Kana chibvumirano chiri chebasa kwete zvinhu, mutemo weDutch unopa maitiro maviri uye musiyano wacho unokosha. Chibvumirano chekuita mabasa kunze kwekugadzirwa kwebasa rinobatika chinowanikwa pasi pechikamu 7:400 cheCivil Code; chibvumirano chekuvaka kana kugadzira chimwe chinhu chinobatika nemutengo chiri pasi pechikamu 7 : 750 cheCivil Code. Kupa mazano, rutsigiro rweIT, kushambadzira uye manejimendi yenguva pfupi zvinowira muchikamu chekutanga; kuvaka nekugadzira zvinhu zvakatsaurirwa kune chechipiri.

Pasi pechinyorwa 7:401 cheCivil Code, mupi webasa anofanira kutarisira kontrakita akanaka. Ichocho chisungo chekushanda nesimba, kwete chemhedzisiro, kunze kwekunge chibvumirano chichitaura zvakasiyana, ndosaka mutengi anoda mhedzisiro yakavimbiswa achifanira kuinyora. Chinyorwa 7:408 cheCivil Code chinobvumira mutengi kugumisa chibvumirano chero nguva, mutemo unokatyamadza vanopa mabasa avo vakafunga kuti nguva yakatarwa yakatarwa; pakati pemapato ehunyanzvi inogona kubviswa, saka nguva shoma kana muripo wekukanzura unofanirwa kubvumwa zvakajeka.

Kuonekwa chaiko mumakondirakiti ebasa ndiko kupatsanurwa kwehukama. Kana mupi webasa achishanda ega, akabhadharwa uye achishanda pasi pesimba remutengi, hurongwa uhwu hunogona kunzi chibvumirano chebasa pasi pechinyorwa 7:610 cheCivil Code zvisinei nekuti mapato acho akachidana sei, nemutero wemuhoro wekare, mipiro yekuchengetedzwa kwevanhu uye dziviriro yekudzingwa basa semugumisiro. Vakuru vemitero vakagumisa kurambidzwa kwavo kwekuzvishandira venhema musi wa1 Ndira 2025, uye fungidziro yepamutemo yebasa iri pasi pemutero weawa inofanira kuiswa yakagamuchirwa asi ichatanga kushanda nemutemo wehumambo. Kusvika panguva iyoyo mutemo wenyaya uripo pamusoro pehukama unoshanda. Chengeta chiyero chebasa chisina kusarura, dzivisa mirairo yekuti basa rinoitwa sei uye riini, uye nyora pasi kodzero dzekutsiva nekunyora.

Zvimwe zvikamu zviviri zvinosarudza kukosha kwechibvumirano. Pfuma yepfungwa haitumirwe nekuti invoice yakabhadharwa: pasi pemutemo weDutch, kupihwa kwekodzero dzekodzero kunoda gwaro remutemo, saka chibvumirano chebasa chisina kutaurwa chinosiya mutengi aine rezenisi risingapfuure. Uye muganho wemhosva, nguva yekuzivisa zvikumbiro uye kubviswa kwekurasikirwa kunotevera ndizvo zvinhu zvinosimbiswa nemupi wezano wehunyanzvi, saka mutengi anofanira kuzviedza zvichienderana nehukuru hwenjodzi pane kuzvigamuchira seyakajairwa.

Chibvumirano chekusaburitsa pachena zvinhu chinokudzivirira sei?

Zvinodzora zvingaitwa nemunhu anenge agamuchira ruzivo rwako uye zvinoratidza kuti wakatora matanho akakodzera ekuruchengetedza, izvo zvinodiwa neTrade Secrets Protection Act.

Chibvumirano chekusaburitsa pachena chibvumirano chinoganhurira zvingaitwa neanogamuchira ruzivo rwaanogamuchira. Mutemo weDutch hautongi NDA sechibvumirano, saka zvirimo inyaya yekunyora, asi hazvimire zvega. Wet bescherming bedrijfsgeheimen, iyo inoshandisa EU Trade Secrets Directive, inopa dziviriro yakazvimirira kuruzivo rwakavanzika, rune kukosha kwekutengeserana nekuti rwakavanzika, uye rwave pasi pematanho akakodzera ekuruchengetedza. Chinodiwa chekupedzisira ichocho ndicho chinoita kuti NDA inyanye kukosha kunyangwe isingazombotevedzwi: pasina iyo, matanho ekuchengetedza ruzivo rwakavanzika akaoma kuratidza uye dziviriro yepamutemo inobviswa nawo.

NDA inoshanda inotsanangura ruzivo rwakavanzika nechikamu pane kunyora magwaro, inotaura chinangwa chinobvumirwa, inodudza boka rinogona kugamuchira ruzivo, uye inoisa nguva inoratidza kuti ruzivo rwacho rucharamba rwuchikosha kwenguva yakareba sei. Saina usati wazivisa pachena kekutanga; NDA yakasainwa mushure mekunge kamuri redata ravhurwa haidziviriri chero chinhu chatove chakagovaniswa. Kana mapato ari kuongorora kutengeserana, wedzera chirevo chisina chekuita nekukumbira chinofukidza vashandi nevatengi, nekuti ndiyo njodzi iyo NDA pachayo isingafukidze.

Kusimbisa mutemo ndiyo nhanho isina simba. Kuratidza kurasikirwa kubva pakuburitswa kwemari kwakaoma, ndosaka chirango chechibvumirano chiri chenguva dzose. Pasi pechikamu 6:91 uye zvinotevera zveCivil Code, chikamu chechirango chinotsiva kukuvara kunze kwekunge chibvumirano chichitaura kuti chaunganidzwa, uye chikamu 6:94 cheCivil Code chinobvumira dare kuderedza chirango apo kushandiswa kwacho kwaizova kusina kururama. Nyora chirango pakutyorwa kwemutemo wega wega uye pazuva rekuenderera mberi, chengeta mari yacho inoenderana nechikwereti chakachengetedzwa, uye taura zvakajeka kuti kodzero yekukumbira kushanda kwemari uye kukuvara kwakawedzerwa yakachengetedzwa.

Ndeipi mitemo inoshanda kune zvibvumirano zvekugovera nekugovera?

Mitemo mishoma yepamutemo, asi chenjererai mitemo inosungirwa pamakambani ekutengeserana uye yemutemo wemakwikwi.

Zvibvumirano zvekugovera nekugovera hazvitongwi semhando yechibvumirano muMutemo weVanhu, izvo zvinoita kuti zvive zvibvumirano zvemahara pane iyi runyorwa, paine chimwe chinhu chikuru chakasiyana nechimwe chikuru chakarambidzwa.

Kunze kwesangano rezvekutengeserana. Mutengesi anotenga nekutengesazve nekuda kwengozi yake; mumiriri wezvekutengeserana anotaurirana kana kupedzisa zvibvumirano muzita remukuru wekambani uye anobhadharwa komisheni. Sangano rinotongwa nezvinyorwa 7:428 uye zvinotevera zveCivil Code, uye chikamu chikuru chehurongwa ihwohwo chinosungirwa. Rinoisa nguva dzekuzivisa dzinowedzera nekufamba kwenguva kwehukama, uye rinopa mumiriri chikumbiro chechikwereti chemutengi pakugumisa chibvumirano apo mumiriri anounza vatengi vanoramba vachibatsirwa kubva kwavari, chakavharirwa pamubhadharo wegore rimwe chete. Mapato anogara achitsanangura hukama sekugovera kana huri muchokwadi huri sangano; chiratidzo chiri muchibvumirano hachisarudze mubvunzo, uye kugadziriswa kunowanzo svika netsamba yekugumisa chibvumirano.

Chirambidzo ndechemutemo wemakwikwi. Chibvumirano chakamira pakati pemutengesi nemutengesi chinowira pasi pechinyorwa 101 cheChibvumirano cheKushanda kweEU uye mutemo wakafanana wekuDutch unorambidza. Mutemo (EU) 2022/720, kuregererwa kweblock kwakashanda kubva 1 Chikumi 2022, unobvisa ruzhinji rwezvibvumirano izvi chero bedzi pasina bato rine chikamu chinopfuura makumi matatu muzana chemusika wakakodzera uye kuti chibvumirano hachina muganho wakaoma. Kugadzirisa mutengo wekutengesazve wemutengesi muganho wakadaro, sekudzivirira nzvimbo yakasarudzika zvachose nekurambidza kutengesa kusingashande mairi. Chikamu cherudzi irworwo hachina basa uye chinogona kukonzera faindi, saka kuzvimiririra kunofanirwa kuvakwa nemiganhu yekutengesa-kushanda pane kurambidzwa kwese.

Kupfuura izvozvo, zvikamu zvinosarudza kusawirirana ndezvezvisungo zvekutenga zvishoma, nguva yekuzivisa, uye zvinoitika kumasheya, zvikamu zvekuchengetedza uye data revatengi pakupedzisira. Mutemo weDutch unoona hukama hwekugovera kwenguva refu sehunogumira, asi chiziviso chinodiwa chinogona kuva chakareba kupfuura zvinotaurwa nechibvumirano apo mugovanisi akaisa mari mukuvimba nacho, saka nguva pfupi yekuzivisa isina nzira yekubhadhara inopa chokwadi chidiki kupfuura zvinoita sekunge.

Munoronga sei chibvumirano chekubatana, chekubatana kana chevanemasheya?

Sarudza chishandiso chakakodzera, patsanura mitemo nemazvo pakati pezvinyorwa zvesangano nechibvumirano chevane masheya, uye nyora zvikamu zvekubuda kwebhizinesi nokungwarira.

Kana mapato maviri kana anopfuura akabatanidza zviwanikwa, chibvumirano chinofanira kuita chimwe chinhu chisingaitwe nemamwe marudzi: chinofanira kutonga hukama umo mapato ari kudivi rimwe chete kusvika vasisipo. Dutch practice inoshandisa zvibvumirano zvitatu. Chibvumirano che samenwerkingsovereenkomst kana chibvumirano chemubatanidzwa chinodzora kushandira pamwe pasina chinhu chitsva kana pamwe chete nechimwe. Kudyidzana mupfungwa chaiyo, vennootschap onder firma kana maatschap , kunoita kuti vadyidzani vave nemutoro wezvikwereti zvebhizinesi, inova ndiyo imwe chikonzero chikuru chekusarudza chimwe chinhu panzvimbo pacho. Chibvumirano chevagovani chinodzora hukama pakati pevaridzi veBV pamwe chete nezvinyorwa zvayo zvesangano. Sarudzo pakati pavo yakatsanangurwa zvakadzama mupeji redu pamusoro pezvibvumirano zvekushandira pamwe.

Kugovaniswa kwebasa pakati pezvinyorwa nechibvumirano chevagovani ndicho chinhu chinonyanya kushaikwa. Zvinyorwa izvi ndezveveruzhinji, zvinosunga munhu wese kusanganisira mugovani wemangwana, uye zvinogadziriswa negwaro renotarial. Chibvumirano chevagovani ndechepachivande, chinosunga mapato chete, uye kutyorwa kwacho kunopa chikumbiro chekukuvadzwa kana chirango pane chisarudzo chekambani chisina kunaka. Chero chipi zvacho chinofanira kushanda kune wechitatu anotora migove saka ndechezvinyorwa: kurambidzwa kwekutamiswa, mapoka emigove, kodzero dzekuvhota dzakakosha kana dzekugadzwa. Chero chipi zvacho chekutengeserana, kubva kuhurongwa hwebhizinesi kusvika kumutemo wedividend, ndechechibvumirano. Ziva zvakare kuti kutamiswa kwemigove muBV kunoda gwaro renotarial pasi pechinyorwa 2:196 cheCivil Code, saka kutamiswa kwemigove kwakavimbiswa muchibvumirano chepachivande kuchiri kuda kuti notari atange kushanda.

Zvikamu zvinokosha ndizvo zvikamu zvekubuda, nekuti kukosha kwechikamu chidiki mukambani yakazvimirira kunoenderana nazvo zvizere. Rondedzera kodzero dzekudhonza-famba uye tag-along, nzira yekuyera ine muongorori akazvimiririra ane zita, tsananguro yemusiya akanaka uye musiya akaipa, uye nzira yekugumisa kuganhurirwa inogumisa kuganhurirwa pane kutumira mapato kune imwe hurukuro. Kana hukama hwaparara chero zvakadaro, mutemo wekambani yeDutch unopa mitemo yekutenga nekuburitsa uye maitiro ekubvunza pamberi peEnterprise Chamber (Ondernemingskamer); mitemo iyoyo yakagadziriswazve neMutemo wekugadzirisa gakava uye maitiro ekubvunza, wakatanga kushanda kubva 1 Ndira 2025. Gwaro redu remitemo yekambani rinotsanangura mashandiro anoita mafambiro iwayo.

Chii chinodiwa neDutch Franchise Act?

Ruzivo rwechibvumirano chisati chaitwa, nguva yekumira kwemavhiki mana kana kupfuura uye kubvunzana kuri kuenderera mberi, pasi pemitemo inosungirwa kuchengetedza muridzi wefranchise.

Franchise ndiyo imwe mhando yechibvumirano pane iyi runyorwa iyo mutemo weDutch unotonga zvakananga uye uchitsigira munhu ane franchise. Franchise yeWet, yakashanda kubva 1 Ndira 2021 uye inoshanda kune zvibvumirano zvakaitwa pamberi pezuva iroro kubva 1 Ndira 2023, yakanyorwa muzvinyorwa 7:911 kusvika 7:922 zveCivil Code. Mitemo yayo inosungirwa: mapato haagone kuibvisa zvichikuvadza munhu ane franchise akagadzwa muNetherlands.

Mabasa matatu anotsanangura hurongwa hwacho. Chekutanga, basa reruzivo risati raitwa chibvumirano pasi pechikamu 7:913 cheCivil Code: mubhadhari wemari anofanira kupa chibvumirano chekunyora, ruzivo rwemari runodiwa nemubhadhari wemari kuti aongorore fomura, ruzivo rwemari uye chero fomura yakawanikwa, uye ruzivo rwekuti kubvunzana pakati pemapato kunorongwa sei. Chechipiri, nguva yekumira kwemavhiki mana pasi pechikamu 7:914 cheCivil Code, apo mubhadhari wemari asingakwanise kuchinja chibvumirano kuti chikuvadze mubhadhari wemari, haagone kupedzisa chibvumirano, uye haagone kusundidzira mubhadhari wemari kana mari. Chechitatu, basa rinoenderera mberi reruzivo nekukurukurirana panguva yehukama, kusanganisira kubvunzana kwegore negore uye chiziviso chekuchinja kwefomura inoda mari panguva yakakodzera.

Chibvumirano pachacho chinofanira kutaura kuti rombo rakanaka rinosarudzwa sei uye kuti rinobhadharwa sei kana franchisor atora bhizinesi, uye chero chikamu chepasina makwikwi mushure mechibvumirano chinofanira kunge chakanyorwa, chakaganhurirwa pazvinhu kana masevhisi anofukidzwa nefomura, chakaganhurirwa kunzvimbo iyo franchisee yaishanda, uye chisingapfuure gore rimwe. Kuchinja kune fomura kunopfuura chiyero chakabvumiranwa, uye kuunzwa kwefomura yakawanikwa, zvinoda mvumo yefranchisee kana yeruzhinji rwevafranchisee. Kupa rezenisi yechiratidzo chega, pasina fomura yekushanda uye mabasa anoperekedza, chibvumirano chakasiyana; musiyano unotsanangurwa muchinyorwa chedu pachibvumirano cherezinesi , uye mutemo wefranchise sezvaunoshanda mugwara redu re franchisee muNetherlands.

Ndeipi mitemo inoshanda pakurenda kwebhizinesi?

Izvi zvinoenderana nekushandiswa kwenzvimbo yacho: nzvimbo yekutengesa inowira pasi peChinyorwa 7:290 BW ine dziviriro yakasimba, imwe nzvimbo yebhizinesi pasi peChinyorwa 7:230a BW ine shoma.

Mutemo wekurenda weDutch unopatsanura nzvimbo dzebhizinesi kuita nzira mbiri, uye kuti ndeipi inoshanda inosarudzwa nekushandiswa kwepfuma kwete nekuda kwekuti rendi yacho inonzi chii. Chinyorwa 7:290 cheCivil Code chinotaura nezvenzvimbo dzekutengesa nenzira yakafara: zvitoro, maresitorendi nemacafe, nzvimbo dzekutakurira, mahotera nemabhizinesi ehunyanzvi ane kaunda yakavhurirwa veruzhinji. Zvimwe zvese zvisiri zvekugara, kusanganisira mahofisi, marabhoritari, nzvimbo yekuitira mabasa uye nzvimbo zhinji dzekuchengetera zvinhu, zvinowira pasi pechinyorwa 7:230a cheCivil Code.

Musiyano wekuchengetedzwa wakakura. Mugari wenzvimbo 290 anowana chimiro chenguva yepamutemo chemakore mashanu pamwe chete nemashanu, chiziviso chegwaro remumiriri wedare kana tsamba yakanyoreswa ine nguva yekuzivisa yepamutemo, uye kugumiswa kwemuridzi weimba chete nekuda kwezvakanyorwa neCivil Code, iyo inoda muridzi weimba yake kushandisa nekukurumidza ndiyo huru; dare rinogonawo kupa nguva yenyasha. Mugari wenzvimbo 230a haana dziviriro yenguva yepamutemo zvachose, anongodzivirirwa nekudzingwa: mushure mekunge chibvumirano chapera, mugari anogona kukumbira dare kuti awedzere nguva yekubva, iyo inogona kupihwa kwegore rimwe panguva uye makore matatu ese. Kusiya kubva pahurongwa hwe290 kuenda pakukuvadzwa kwemugari kunoda mvumo yedare. Tinoenzanisa hurongwa huviri uhwu zvakadzama muchinyorwa chedu pamusoro penzvimbo dzebhizinesi 290 vs 230a.

Makambani mazhinji ekurenda ekutengeserana ekuDutch anoshandisa modhi yeROZ, yakanyorwa kubva pamaonero emuridzi wemba, uye kutaurirana kunoitika muzvikamu zvakakosha kwete mumodhi pachayo. Zvinhu zvinotarisirwa ndezvekuverengera, kupatsanurwa pakati pekuchengetedza kweakaundi yemuridzi wemba neyemuridzi, kubhadhara muripo webasa uye humbowo hwayo hunotsigira, kushandiswa kwakabvumidzwa uye kana kuchigona kuchinjwa, chibatiso chiri muchimiro chevimbiso yebhangi kana dhipoziti uye kana chaburitswa, uye chinzvimbo pane zvigadziriso pakupera kwerendi. Sarudzo yekutyora uye kodzero yekurenda kana kupa zvinofanirwa kukurukurwa; modhi haivape.

Unosarudza sei chibvumirano chakakodzera?

Tangai nehurongwa hwemutemo hwamunowira pasi pechibvumirano, nekuti ndicho chinosarudza zvamunobvumirana zvachose.

Mubvunzo unoshanda hauwanzoitiki ndewekuti ndeipi template yekudhawunirodha. Ndekuti ndeipi mutemo wepamutemo unowira pasi pechibvumirano, nekuti ndicho chinosarudza zvinogona kubvumirana zvachose. Franchise nesangano zvinouya nemitemo inosungirwa inodarika chibvumirano. Kurenda nzvimbo dzebhizinesi kunouya nemutemo wekudzivirira unosarudzwa nekushandiswa kwepfuma. Kugovera uye kusaburitsa pachena zvinouya nemutemo usingawanzo asi nemutemo wemakwikwi nemutemo wezvakavanzika zvekutengeserana unoshanda pamwe chete nazvo. Kutengesa nemasevhisi zvinouya nemitemo isingashandiswe iyo chibvumirano chinogona kubvisa, chero bedzi chichiita izvozvo pachena kwete nekunyarara.

Zvikanganiso zviviri zvinokonzera kusawirirana kwakawanda kwatinoona. Chekutanga kusawirirana pakati pezita rechinhu nechinhu: chibvumirano chekugovera icho chiri sangano, chibvumirano chekondirakita icho chiri basa, rezenisi iro riri franchise. Chechipiri chibvumirano chisingatauri chinhu nezvekuguma kwehukama. Nguva, chiziviso, zvinoitika kumasheya, data, pfuma yepfungwa nevatengi, uye kuti gakava rinogadziriswa sei: izvo zvinogadziriswa zvinotauriranwa kana mapato achiri kuwirirana, uye ndizvo zvinosarudza mutengo wekubuda.

Muchidimbu

• Chibvumirano chekutengeserana chinoumbwa nekupihwa uye kugamuchirwa (Chinyorwa 6:217 BW); hapana kunyorwa kana kusaina kunodiwa, kunze kwekutengeserana kwakanangana nekutumira migove kana zvivakwa.
• Kunzwisisa uye kururamisira, mitemo yekududzira uye mutemo unosungirwa zvinogona kubvisa kunyange chikamu chakanyorwa zvakajeka.
• Usati wagumisa kana kukumbira muripo wechikwereti, mumwe munhu anofanira kunge asina kubhadhara mushure mekunge anyora chiziviso.
• Muzvibvumirano zvepasi rose, tarisa sarudzo yemutemo, forum, Incoterm uye kana CISG inoshanda.
• Makambani, franchise nerendi dzekutengeserana zvinouya nemitemo inosungirwa; chikwangwani chiri muchibvumirano hachisarudze kuti ndeipi nzira inoshanda.

Mibvunzo inowanzobvunzwa

Law & More anoronga, anoongorora uye anotaurirana nezvezvibvumirano zvebhizinesi pasi pemutemo weDutch, uye anomirira mabhizinesi kana chibvumirano chichifanira kusimbiswa kana kudzivirirwa. Hauzive kuti uri papi? Tiudze nezvemamiriro ako ezvinhu. Tichakuzivisa sarudzo dzako mukati mezuva rimwe chete rekushanda.

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