Kupomera mhosva uchiziva kuti ndeyenhema imhosva muNetherlands. Kupomera mhosva yaunoziva kuti haina kumbobvira yaitwa kunorangwa pasi pechikamu 188 cheDutch Penal Code (Wetboek van Strafrecht, Sr), uye kana mushumo wenhema ukanyorerwa vakuru vane chinangwa chekukuvadza mukurumbira wemumwe munhu, unova kupomera mhosva pasi pechikamu 268 Sr. Pamwe chete nenzira idzodzo dzemhosva, kupomera mhosva yenhema chiito chisiri pamutemo pasi pechikamu 6:162 cheCivil Code (BW), chinobvumira munhu ari kupomerwa mhosva kuti atore mari yekukuvadzwa uye, kana mhosva yacho yaziviswa pachena, kugadziriswa.
Kuziva izvozvo hakuiti kuti nyaya yacho ive nyore. Mutemo weDutch unochengetedza mukana wekutaura mhosva wakaderera nemaune, uye unoisa mukana wekuranga mushumo wenhema wakakwira, nekuti hurongwa hunopomera vatori venhau hunodzivirira vanhu vakabatwa nemhosva zvechokwadi. Mugumisiro wacho mukaha unogona kushandiswa nemupomeri akasimba: kuferefeta kunogona kutangwa pachipomerwa chega, uye kukuvara kwemukurumbira, basa nehupenyu hwemhuri kunoitwa kare munhu asati aongorora kana mhosva yacho yaive yechokwadi. Chinyorwa chino chinotsanangura kuti mutemo weDutch unobata sei mukaha iwoyo, zvinogona kuratidzwa, uye kuti munhu ari kupomerwa anofanira kuita sei mumazuva ekutanga.
Kodzero yekutaura, uye kwainogumira
Pasi pechikamu 161 cheMutemo weMaitiro Emhosva (Wetboek van Strafvordering, Sv), chero munhu ane ruzivo nezvemhosva ane kodzero yekuizivisa, uye chikamu 163 Sv chinoti mushumo unogona kutaurwa nemuromo kana nekunyora uye unonyorwa nemapurisa. Hapana chinodiwa chekuratidza chero chinhu panguva yekuzivisa, hapana sefa yekufungidzira, uye hapana muripo. Kuwanikwa ikoko hakusi kukanganisa; ndizvo zvinoita kuti hurongwa hushandiswe nevanhu vachangobva kurwiswa, kubiridzirwa kana kutyisidzirwa.
Mugumisiro wacho ndewekuti mushumo unotanga kushanda. Mapurisa anounyora pasi, Public Prosecution Service (Openbaar Ministerie, OM) vanosarudza kana voferefeta, uye muzvichemo zvakakomba zvekuti kuferefeta kunogona kusanganisira kusungwa, kubvunzurudzwa, kutsvagwa, kutorwa kwemidziyo uye kuvharirwa pamberi pekutongwa. Hapana chimwe cheizvozvo chinoda kuti kupomerwa kutange kwaedzwa. Kune munhu ari kupomerwa, kukuvara kunoitika nekuferefeta, kwete nemutongo.
Mutemo unogadzirisa kushandiswa zvisina kunaka kwehurongwa ihwohwo mushure mechiitiko ichi pane kuongorora mishumo pachine nguva. Hapana nzira yekuti mushumo ubviswe seusingafungidzike, uye hapana nzira iyo dare rinoongorora mushumo usati watongwa. Chiripo iboka remhosva dzakanangana nevanhu vanoshandisa kodzero yekutaura zvisirizvo, uye boka rekugadzirisa kukuvara kwadzinokonzera. Dzese dziri mbiri, uye dzese dzakaoma kushandisa kupfuura zvadzinotaridzika.
Mhosva dzacho: mushumo wenhema, kusvibisa zita, kunyomba uye kupomerwa mhosva
Zvinhu zvina ndizvo zvinoita basa iri, uye hazvichinjiki. Kusarudza chisina kunaka ndicho chikonzero chinowanzoita kuti nyaya yekupikisa isashande.
Chinyorwa 188 Sr: kuisa mushumo wenhema
Chikamu 188 Sr chinoranga kushuma kana kunyunyuta kuti mhosva yakaitwa uchiziva kuti haina kuitirwa. Imhosva inopesana nemasimba ehurumende: chinochengetedza kuvimbika kwehurongwa hwematare edzimhosva uye zviwanikwa zvemapurisa zvinoraswa panhau yenhema. Hazvidi chinangwa chekukuvadza munhu, uye hazvidi kuti mushumo utaure zita remunhu. Chinhu chakakosha kuziva kuti mhosva yakataurwa haina kuitika.
Zvinyorwa 261 ne262 Sr: kusvibisa zita uye kusvibisa zita
Chinyorwa 261 Sr chinotsanangura smaad, chinowanzo shandurwa sekuzvidza: kurwisa kukudzwa kana mukurumbira wemunhu nemaune nekuisa chokwadi chaicho, nechinangwa chiri pachena chekupa chokwadi ichocho pachena. Kana kupomerwa kwacho kwakaitwa mukunyora kana mumifananidzo mhosva yacho ndeye smaadschrift. Chinyorwa 262 Sr chinotsanangura laster, kunyomba: maitiro akafanana apo munhu ari kupa mhosva anoziva kuti haisi yechokwadi.
Izvi ndizvo zvinofanirwa nemhosva dzinoparadzirwa kunze kwekamba yemapurisa, kubasa, boka reWhatsApp rechikoro, sangano reindasitiri kana pasocial media. Imhosva dzekunyunyuta: pasi pechinyorwa 269, Sr, OM anogona kungopomera mhosva yekusvibisa zita remunhu akaitirwa mhosva, uye pasi pechinyorwa 66 Sr, kunyunyuta ikoko kunofanirwa kuendeswa mukati memwedzi mitatu kubva munhu ane kodzero yekuziva nezvemhosva. Kurega nguva iyoyo ichipfuura ndeimwe yezvikanganiso zvishoma zvisingagadzirisiki munharaunda iyi.
Chinyorwa 268 Sr: kupomerwa kwakaipa
Chikamu 268 Sr chinotaura nezvenyaya chaiyo iri pakati pechinyorwa chino: kunyunyuta nhema nemaune kana kunyora tsamba kuvakuru vehurumende vachipikisa munhu chaiye, nenzira inorwisa rukudzo kana mukurumbira wemunhu iyeye. Izvi zvinosanganisa kunyengedza vakuru nechinangwa chekukuvadza munhu, uye ndiwo mutemo unokodzera kushandiswa kwemapurisa sechishandiso muhondo yepachivande. Nekuti zvinoda mushumo wakanyorwa, gwaro remapurisa remushumo ndiro chairo humbowo hukuru.
Chero chipi zvacho chinoshanda hachisi nyaya yekusarudza. Kupomerwa mhosva kune vamwe vako hakusi nyaya 268 Sr; mushumo kumapurisa unotaura kuti hapana munhu hausi kusvibisa zita; uye kupomerwa kunobva kwaita kuti pane kusaziva kuti ndezvenhema hakusi nyaya yacho.
Nei kupiwa mhosva dzekutaura nhema kusingawanzoitiki
Chinhu chimwe chete chakakosha kunzwisisa ndechekuti kuratidza kuti kupomerwa kwacho kwaisava kwechokwadi hazvina kukwana. Mhosva dzese idzi dzinoda humbowo hwekuti mupomeri aiziva kuti kupomerwa kwacho kwaisava kwechokwadi panguva yaakazvitaura. Kusunungurwa kunoratidza kuti mhosva haigone kuratidzwa; hazvirevi kuti mushumo wacho waive wenhema.
Iro sarudzo yakagadzirwa nemaune. Vanyunyuti vanogara vachitsanangura zviitiko zvavakasangana nazvo semhosva izvo dare rinozowana kuti hazvina kudaro, kana kuti kusaziva munhu ane mhosva, kana kugadzirazve chiitiko chinotyisa zvisina kururama. Kana kukanganisa kwakaringana kuti vatongwe, mutengo wekuzivisa nyaya waizowira pavanhu chaivo varipo. Chinodiwa cheruzivo ndicho chirevo chakatorwa nedare reparamende, uye matare anochishandisa zvakanyanya: kutora njodzi yekuti chirevo chingave chenhema hakusviki pachiyero chakatarwa nemashoko ekuti "kuziva kuti hachina kuitwa".
Chipingamupinyi chechipiri ndechekupa humbowo. Chinyorwa 342(2) Sv chinoti dare haringawani mhosva yakasimbiswa pane zvataurwa nechapupu chimwe chete. Munyaya yekupomera mhosva yenhema, munhu ari kupomerwa mhosva ndiye chapupu chimwe chete chisina mhosva, saka kupomerwa mhosva kwemupomeri kunoda humbowo hwakazvimiririra: ruzivo rwenzvimbo, mifananidzo yekamera, mameseji, zvinyorwa zvemari, faira rekurapa rinopesana neakaundi, kana zvapupu zvinogona kuisa mupomeri kune imwe nzvimbo. Kana nyaya yacho iri yekutaura chimwe chinhu, hapana kupomerwa mhosva kunotevera munzira ipi neipi.
Chechitatu, mutemo wekupomera mhosva unongwarira. OM inoshandisa gwara rakaburitswa pamishumo yenhema, iyo Richtlijn voor strafvordering valse aangifte, uye haidi pachena kutevera nyaya dzakadaro nenzira inogona kuodza mwoyo vanyajambwa chaivo kuti vasauye pachena. Muchokwadi, kupomera mhosva kwakachengeterwa nyaya apo nhema dzinoonekwa, chinangwa chiri pachena, uye kukuvara kwakakonzerwa kwakakura. Iyoyo mutemo unodzivirirwa uye unogumbura kuva parutivi rwakashata.
Mhedziso chaiyo ndeyekuti kupomerwa mhosva kwemupomeri ndiyo nzira isina kuvimbika iripo. Inofanira kuteverwa, nekuti inodzivirira zvinyorwa uye inogona kuferefeta inoburitsa humbowo, asi haifanirwe kunge iriyo hurongwa.
Kwakatangira kupomerwa nhema
Mapatani akakosha pano nekuti ndiwo anogadzira nzvimbo iyo humbowo hunotsigira hunogona kuwanikwa. Mamiriro matatu anotsanangura zviitiko zvakawanda zvinoonekwa netsika yeDutch.
Chekutanga kuparara kwehukama, kunyanya kana vana vakabatanidzwa. Kupomerwa mhosva yemhirizhonga yemumba kana kushungurudzwa kunoitwa panguva yekukakavadzana pamusoro pekubatana uye pekugara kune mhedzisiro yekukurumidza, nekuti kutumira kudare redziviriro yemwana kana kuferefeta mhosva zvinowanzoita kuti dare remhuri richenjerere kusangana uku kuchiri kumirira. Humbowo hunokosha pano ndehwenguva: zvaipomerwa, rini, uye zvaiitika mumatare emhuri panguva iyoyo.
Chechipiri ibasa. Zvichemo zvekushungurudzwa, kutyisidzirwa kana kubiridzira zvinogona kushandiswa kubvisa maneja, kudzivirira maitiro ekushanda kana kuchinja kurongwa kwekudzingwa basa. Vashandirwi vanosungirwa kutora zvichemo zvakakomba uye kazhinji havana hunyanzvi hwakakwana hwekuzviferefeta, zvinoreva kuti munhu ari kupomerwa anowanzo miswa basa asati aongororwa. Humbowo hwakakodzera hunowanzo tova muhurongwa hwemushandirwi uye hunogona kurasika nekukurumidza.
Chechitatu inyaya yekusawirirana kwevanhu vega kwenguva refu: vavakidzani, vaimbove vadyidzani vebhizinesi, nhengo dzesangano rimwe chete. Pano kutaurwa kuri kudzokorora. Mishumo yakatevedzana, zvichemo kune vatongi, uye mameseji kune vanhu vanowirirana, hapana chimwe chazvo chinogadzirisa chimwe nechimwe, zvinogona pamwe chete kugadzira maitiro ayo dare richaziva kunyangwe pasina mushumo mumwe chete unogona kuratidzwa kuti ndewenhema.
Tinodzivisa nemaune kutaura nezvemunhu ari kupomera mhosva yacho. Kufungidzira nezvehutano hwepfungwa kana hunhu hakusi humbowo, hachisi chinhu chinofanira kuburitswa nekambani yemagweta nezvemupikisi anozivikanwa, uye mumatare edzimhosva zvinowanzoita kuti bato riri kuitungamira ritaridzike serisina kunaka pane kuti ritaridzike seriri nani. Chinonyengetedza dare kutevedzana kwezviitiko kwakanyorwa uye chikonzero chinoratidzwa, kwete kuongororwa kwemhosva.
Zvekuita mumazuva ekutanga kana uchipomerwa mhosva
Nyaya iri pazasi ndiyo chikamu chechinyorwa chino chinochinja mhedzisiro. Chikanganiso chose chisingachinjiki munyaya yekupomera mhosva yenhema chinoitwa muvhiki yekutanga, munhu asati awana zano.
Usataure chinhu kumapurisa kusvika wataura negweta. Munhu ari kupomerwa mhosva ane kodzero yekunyarara uye kodzero yekubvunza gweta usati wabvunzurudzwa kekutanga uye kuva negweta riripo panguva yacho. Pfungwa yekutsanangura, kujekesa zvinhu, kubatsira inonzwisisika uye ndicho chinhu chimwe chete chinokuvadza chaunogona kuita. Nhoroondo yakadzama inopiwa kubva mundangariro uri mukushushikana ichave nezvikanganiso zvidiki, uye zvisakarurama zvidiki ndizvo zvinovakirwa nyaya yekupomera mhosva yenhema. Chikwata chedu chemutemo wemhosva chinogona kusvikwa usati wabvunzurudzwa kekutanga, uye ndipo panonyanya kukosha kufona.
Usataure neanopomera. Kwete kubvunza zvavari kuita, kwete kubvunza chikonzero, kwete kuburikidza neshamwari. Kutaurirana mushure memushumo kunowanzoonekwa sekutyisidzira kana kupesvedzera chapupu, zvinogona kutungamira kumurairo wekudzora kana kune imwe mhosva, uye zvinoshandura nyaya pamusoro pemhosva yekutanga kuita nyaya yemaitiro ako mushure mezvo.
Chengetedza humbowo nekukasika uye usahuchengete. Nhoroondo yenzvimbo, kutengeserana kwebhangi nemakadhi, kupinda mumabhanga, magwaro emusuwo nekamera, zvinyorwa zvekarenda, misoro yemeseji yakazara kwete mumifananidzo yemitsetse yakasarudzwa, uye email kusanganisira misoro. Nyora makopi uye nyora kwakabva chinhu chimwe nechimwe. Ruzivo rwerudzi urwu runodzimwa otomatiki mushure menguva dzekuchengetedza dzinowanzo kuyerwa mumavhiki, uye chikumbiro kumupi werubatsiro kuti aruchengetedze chinofanira kuitwa kuburikidza nenzira yakakodzera uye nekukurumidza.
Nyora nguva yacho ichiri itsva, yegweta rako kwete yemumwe munhu, kusanganisira zvaiitika mune chero gakava rakafanana panguva yakaitwa mushumo. Chinangwa hachiwanzo ratidzwa zvakananga; chinoonekwa kubva pakutevedzana kwenyaya.
Bata basa nemaune. Mushandirwi anonzwa nezvekuferefetwa kwenyaya iyi anowanzo tanga ambomira basa ofunga gare gare. Kumiswa basa hakusi chirango uye kunogona kuva nemusoro, asi kudzingwa basa kana chibvumirano chekugumisa basa chakaitwa zvichibva pane zvataurwa zvisina kuongororwa idambudziko repamutemo rakasiyana pasi pemutemo webasa weDutch , uye zviri nyore kudzivirira pane kuzorora. Usasaina chero chinhu muvhiki yekutanga, uye rega gweta rako ritaure nemushandirwi.
Matanho ekugadzirisa mhosva: mushumo unopikisa uye maitiro echinyorwa 12 Sv
Kuisa mushumo wenhema (tegenaangifte) wekutaura nhema, kusvibisa zita kana kupomera mhosva yeutsinye ndiyo danho rekutanga. Tarisira kuti mapurisa amire ipapo kusvika kuferefeta kwekutanga kwapera, izvo zvakajairika kwete kuramba. Zvinoitwa nemushumo wepamusoro panguva ino ichinyorwa chine zuva chebasa rako uye, dzimwe nguva, chikonzero chekuti mapurisa anoferefeta aedze nyaya yekutanga nokungwarira.
Kana OM ikasasarudza kupomera mupomeri wako mhosva, chisarudzo ichocho hachisi chekupedzisira. Chinyorwa 12 Sv chinobvumira munhu ane hanya zvakananga kunyunyuta kudare repamusoro nezvechisarudzo chekusapomera kana kusaramba achipomera. Dare rinoongorora faira patsva uye rinogona kuraira kuti kupomera kuendeswe mberi kana kuenderera mberi, uye rinogona kuraira kuti matanho chaiwo ekuferefeta atange atorwa. Kana chiziviso chepamutemo chekusapomera kana murairo wekuranga chapihwa, kunyunyuta kunofanirwa kuendeswa mukati memwedzi mitatu kubva pawazviziva; kana nyaya yacho yakangomiswa pasina kuziviswa, kunyunyuta kunoramba kuchikwanisika chero bedzi kupomera kusiri kwenguva yakatarwa. Nguva yekuganhurira yakakodzera inobva pachikamu 70 Sr uye zvinoenderana nemutongo wepamusoro wemhosva iri kutaurwa nezvayo.
Chichemo chechikamu 12 cheSv inzira yakanyorwa ine kunzwiwa mumakamuri, uye inobudirira apo faira rinoratidza zvese kuti mutongo unogoneka uye kuti kupomerwa mhosva kuri mukubatsira veruzhinji. Haisi nzira yekuratidza kusagutsikana, uye chichemo chisingabatanidzi humbowo chinorambwa pasina mhemberero yakawanda.
Matanho ehurumende: nzira inowanzo shanda
Kune vanhu vazhinji vari munzvimbo iyi, dare redzimhosva ndiro nzvimbo inoshanda, uye zvakakodzera kutsanangura chikonzero. Chikumbiro chedzimhosva chinounzwa newe kwete neOM, saka hachitsamiri pamutemo wekupomera mhosva. Dare rinosarudza humbowo hunoiswa pamberi paro uye rinopa mutoro wehumbowo zvichienderana nemitemo yakajairika, inova nzira yakasiyana nemutemo wemhosva, kunyangwe munhu anotaura kuti mumwe munhu akaita mhosva achiri kufanira kutaura izvozvo nenzira inogutsa.
Hwaro hwacho huri muchikamu 6:162 BW: kupomera mumwe munhu nhema kunokanganisa mumwe munhu chiito chisiri pamutemo, uye munhu anozviita ndiye ane mhosva yekurasikirwa kunokonzerwa nazvo kana zvichigona kunzi ndizvo zvakakonzerwa naye. Apo kupomera kwacho kwakabudiswa pachena, maitiro akafanana anosanganisirawo kuenzana pakati perusununguko rwekutaura nekuchengetedzwa kwerukudzo nemukurumbira, chiyero chinosimbiswa nematare eDutch nekuyera kukomba kwemhosva yacho, rutsigiro rwayaiva narwo muzvinhu zviripo panguva yayakaitwa, nzira yayakagadzirwa nayo, chinzvimbo chemunhu ari kuzviita uye kukuvara kwakakonzerwa.
Matanho matatu anotevera kubva pachikonzero ichocho. Mari dzakakuvadzwa pasi pechinyorwa 6:162 BW dzinofukidza kurasikirwa kwemari: mari yematare, mari yakarasika, mari yekurapwa, zvibvumirano zvakaraswa. Chinyorwa 6:106 BW chinobvumira muripo wekurasikirwa kusiri kwemari apo munhu akakuvadzwa mukukudzwa kwake kana mukurumbira wake kana neimwe nzira, zvichiongororwa nedare nenzira yakarurama. Uye Chinyorwa 6:167 BW chinobvumira dare kuraira kugadziriswa kana ruzivo rusina kururama rwaburitswa, izvo zvinowanzokosha kune mutengi kupfuura mari nekuti ndiyo chete mushonga unobata chinhu chaakarasikirwa nacho.
Rubatsiro rwechinguvana runowanikwawo. Matanho ekutanga ekubatsira (kort geding) anogona kushandiswa kuwana murairo wekubvisa chinyorwa, kumisa kudzokorora, kana kudzora kusangana, mumavhiki kwete mumakore. Kana mhosva yacho ichipararira online, ndiyo inowanzoita chikumbiro chekutanga.
Pakusvika nguva, nguva yakatarwa yekubhadhariswa kukuvara pasi pechinyorwa 3:310 BW makore mashanu kubva pazuva rawaziva zvese kukuvara uye munhu ane mhosva, nekumira kwenguva refu kwemakore makumi maviri. Chinyorwa 3:310 BW chinotiwo kana kukuvara kwacho kuchibva pamhosva, chikumbiro hachiperi chero bedzi kodzero yekupomera mhosva iyoyo isati yadzimwa, izvo muzviitiko zvakakomba zvinowedzera nguva yacho zvakanyanya. Usavimba nekuwedzerwa ikoko usina kutarisa mhosva yacho.
Kupomerwa mhosva kwaunoitwa kunogona kumiswa here?
Vatengi vanowanzo bvunza kana dare richigona kuramba nyaya iyi nekuti mushumo wacho waive wakaipa. Mhinduro ndeyekuti rinogona, uye harimboiti kudaro.
Kana nyaya yemhosva yatanga, dare rinotanga rapindura mibvunzo yakanyorwa muchikamu 348 Sv: kana chikumbiro chekudaidzwa kwemhosva chiri chechokwadi, kana chine simba, kana OM ichibvumidzwa mukupomerwa kwayo, uye kana paine chikonzero chekumisa. Dziviriro inogona kusimudza pfungwa yekubvumidzwa sedziviriro yekutanga pasi pechikamu 283 Sv. Kuzivisa kuti OM haigamuchirwi ndicho chirango chakakomba chiripo uye chakachengeterwa nyaya umo kodzero yekutongwa kwakarurama yakakanganiswa zvakanyanya zvekuti hapana mhinduro shoma inokwana; apo mhinduro shoma inogoneka, dare richaderedza mutongo kana kubvisa humbowo panzvimbo pezvo.
Kuvapo kwemushumo wenhema hakurevi kuti muchuchisi haabvumirwi. Chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti OM yakaita sei nawo: kana zvinhu zviri pachena zvekuregerera zvakaregeredzwa, kana kuferefeta kwakatungamirirwa, kana dziviriro yakarambidzwa kukwanisa kuyedza nyaya yacho. Ndosaka basa racho richifanirwa kuitwa panguva yekuferefeta, nekuisa zvinhu zvinopesana pamberi pemuchuchisi uye kukumbira matanho chaiwo ekuferefeta, pane kuchengetedza nharo dzekunzwa.
Kana nyaya yacho ikaguma pasina chirango chakapihwa, Mutemo weMaitiro Emhosva unobvumidza aimbove musungwa kukumbira muripo wenguva yaakapedza ari mujeri uye mari yekudzivirira. Zvikumbiro izvi zvinoendeswa kudare mushure mekunge nyaya yapera uye zvinoiswa pasi penguva pfupi, saka zvinofanirwa kunyorwa padhayari pazuva rinopera nyaya yacho. Chisarudzo chinokutsigira chine humbowo hweuchapupu mumhosva inotevera inopomera mupomeri.
Mibvunzo inowanzo bvunzwa nezve kupomerwa kwenhema
Musiyano uripo pakati pemushumo wenhema neusiri wechokwadi ndeupi?
Mushumo wenhema ndewekuti mutori wenhau anoziva kuti hausi wechokwadi. Mushumo usina kururama ndewekuti unoitwa nekutenda kwechokwadi kuti pane chakaitika. Chekutanga chete imhosva, uye musiyano inyaya yezvaizivikanwa nemutori wenhau, kwete kuti chii chaizoitika. Ndokusaka kusunungurwa kusingazoiti kuti munhu akakumhan'arira aendeswe kumatare.
Ndinofanira kuisa mushumo wekugadzirisa dambudziko nekukasika here?
Kazhinji hongu, asi tora mazano pamusoro penguva uye mhosva ipi yekududza. Mushumo wekudzoka wakaiswa nehasha uye usina humbowo hauna zvakawanda zvaunoita uye unogona kushandiswa kuratidza kuti ndiwe uri kupomera. Mushumo wekudzoka wakagadziriswa uine zvinhu zvinotsigira zvakabatanidzwa igwaro rakasiyana zvachose.
Ndinofanira kuita chiito kwenguva yakareba sei?
Maawa akasiyana anomhanya panguva imwe chete. Chichemo chekunyomba kana kusvibisa zita chinofanira kuendeswa mukati memwedzi mitatu kubva pawaziva nezvazvo, pasi pechikamu 66 Sr. Chichemo pasi pechikamu 12 Sv chekupikisa chisarudzo chekusapomera mhosva chinowanzo endeswa mukati memwedzi mitatu kubva pawaziva nezvechisarudzo ichocho. Chichemo chemhosva yepamutemo chinoenderana nenguva yemakore mashanu iri muchikamu 3:310 BW. Nguva dzemwedzi mitatu ndidzo dzinoraswa nevanhu.
Ndingakwanisa here kukumbira muripo wekukuvadzwa kwemukurumbira wangu?
Ehe. Kurasikirwa nemari kunokumbirwa pasi pechinyorwa 6:162 BW uye kurasikirwa kusiri kwemari nekuda kwekukuvadza kukudzwa nemukurumbira pasi pechinyorwa 6:106 BW, chakaongororwa nedare nenzira yakarurama. Mibairo yekuDutch yekurasikirwa kusiri kwemari iri pakati nepakati, saka mishonga inonyanya kukosha inowanzo gadziriswa pasi pechinyorwa 6:167 BW uye murau wekuti pasadzokororwe.
Mushandirwi wangu akandimisa basa. Vanogona kuzviita here?
Mushandirwi anogona kumisa mushandi basa mushure mekumubhadhara mari yake yese uku achiferefeta nyaya yakakomba, chero bedzi iine chikonzero chaicho uye ichiita zvinoenderana nezvainofanira kuitwa. Chaangasaita ndechekutora nyaya isina kusimbiswa sechokwadi chakasimbiswa. Kana kumisa basa kukashanduka kuita kudzingwa basa kana chibvumirano chekugumisa basa, inyaya yakasiyana ine nguva yayo yekupedzisira, uye inofanira kubatwa negweta rezvemabasa pamwe chete nenyaya yemhosva kwete mushure mayo.
Kupomerwa kuri kupararira paindaneti. Ndingaitei nekukurumidza?
Matanho ekutanga ekubatsira anogona kupa murairo wekubvisa chinyorwa uye kurega kuchidzokorora mukati memavhiki. Chengeta chinyorwa kutanga, chine mazuva nema URL, nekuti chichanyangarika kana chikumbiro chapihwa. Zvikumbiro kumapuratifomu zvinogona kuitwa pamwe chete nechikumbiro chedare asi hazviwanzo tsiva chimwe.
Ndinoda gweta here kana ndisina mhosva?
Kunyanya kana usina mhosva. Mitemo yeuchapupu inoita kuti mushumo wenhema uve wakaoma kurangwa inoitawo kuti kuramba kusina kuongororwa kuve kwakaoma kuvimba nako, uye sarudzo dzinosarudza mhedzisiro, kupfuura zvese zvaunotaura mubvunzurudzo yekutanga uye humbowo hwakawanikwa, dzinotorwa munhu asati aongorora chokwadi chezviri kupomerwa.
Dziviriro yepamutemo kubva pakupomerwa nhema
Mibvunzo iri pazasi inovhara pfungwa dzinonyanya kubvunzwa pamusoro pekudyidzana kuripo pakati pemushumo, mhosva dzaungave nadzo, uye kukuvara kunokonzerwa nedare risati ratonga.
Sei mushumo wenhema uchigona kukonzera kukuvara kwakanyanya kunyangwe dare risati raita mutongo?
Nekuti mapurisa nePublic Prosecution Service vanosungirwa kuferefeta mishumo inoratidza mhosva, mushumo une hutsinye unogona kukonzera kuferefeta kwakazara kwenyika zvichibva pamanyepo chete. Kungovapo kwekuferefeta kunogona kutokuvadza mukurumbira wemumwe munhu, zvisinei nemhedzisiro yepamutemo.
Kunyora mushumo wemapurisa wenhema uchiziva kuti imhosva here?
Ehe. Kushuma mhosva yekunyepedzera kuvakuru vakuru kunoonekwa semhosva inopesana neveruzhinji, nekuti zvinotambisa mapurisa uye zvinokanganisa kuvimbika kwehurongwa hwekutonga, zvakasiyana nekukuvadzwa kupi zvako kumunhu anopomerwa mhosva yenhema.
Musiyano uripo pakati pekusvibisa zita (smaad) nekunyomba (label) ndeupi muchirevo ichi?
Pasi peChikamu 261 cheCriminal Code, kusvibisa zita remumwe munhu chiito chekumupomera mhosva yechinhu chaicho nechinangwa chekumuzivisa pachena. Kana mupomeri achiziva kuti chokwadi ichocho hachisi chechokwadi, mhosva yacho inozosvika pakunyomba pasi peChikamu 262 cheCriminal Code.
Nyaya dzekupomera mhosva dzenhema dzakadai dzinowanzo itika kupi?
Kunze kwemapurisa, anowanzoonekwa mudare remakurukota evanhu, senge pasocial media kana kubasa, izvo zvinogona kuwedzera mukurumbira wavo zvatsanangurwa pamusoro apa.
sei Law & More anogona kubatsira
Law & More anopa mazano uye anomiririra vanhu vari kupomerwa mhosva dzavanoti hadzisi dzechokwadi, uye anoita izvi kunze kwenzvimbo dzinorwirwa nyaya yakadaro. Tinoita basa rekuferefeta mhosva kubva pakubvunzurudzwa kwekutanga zvichienda mberi, tinodzivirira uye tinopa zvinhu zvinopesana nemhosva yacho, tinogadzirira mishumo inopikisa uye zvichemo zveArticle 12 Sv, tinoendesa nyaya dzematare edzimhosva dzekuripiswa uye kugadziriswa, tinowana mirairo yenguva pfupi apo mhosva iri kupararira, uye tinogadzirisa migumisiro yebasa pamwe chete nazvo zvese. Kana wakapomerwa mhosva yechimwe chinhu chausina kuita, ndapota taura nesu usati wapindura.
