Musi wa11 Ndira 2024, EU Data Act - Regulation (EU) 2023/2854 - yakatanga kushanda, mazuva makumi maviri mushure mekuburitswa kwayo muOfficial Journal of the European Union. Mutemo uyu unoshanda kubva musi wa12 Gunyana 2025. Mutemo uyu unoisa zvisungo zvitsva zvakakosha kune vagadziri vezvigadzirwa zvakabatana nevanopa masevhisi ane chekuita nazvo, zvichikanganisa zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana: kubva pakugadzira nemagetsi kusvika kuhutano neindasitiri yemotokari. Chero ani zvake anogadzira, anoshandisa kana kushandisa data mubhizinesi anokurudzirwa kuti aongorore chiyero chemutemo uyu munguva yakakodzera.
Mutemo weData Act unotonga chii?
Mutemo weData unoumba chikamu chehurongwa hwedata hweEurope, hunovavarira kusimbisa chinzvimbo chemakwikwi eEurope muhupfumi hwedata. Mutemo uyu unotara mitemo yekuti ndiani anowana data rinogadzirwa nekushandiswa kwezvigadzirwa kana masevhisi, uye pasi pemamiriro api data iroro rinofanira kugoverwa. Izvi hazvinei nekodzero yese yedata rese, asi pane hurongwa hwemapoka matanhatu chaiwo: mukana wevashandisi kuwana data rezvigadzirwa nebasa, kugovana B2B nenzira dzakakodzera, mukana weveruzhinji kana paine kudiwa kwakanyanya, kuchinjana pakati pemasevhisi ekugadzirisa data, dziviriro kubva pakuwanikwa kwedata risiri remunhu nehurumende dzepasi rose, uye kushanda pamwe chete.
Zvinosungirwa kumabhizinesi: dhizaini yechigadzirwa
Zvigadzirwa zvakabatana zvinofanirwa kugadzirwa uye kugadzirwa nenzira yekuti data rinogadzirwa, zviri nyore, zvakachengeteka, mahara uye muchimiro chinoverengwa nemuchina chinosvikika zvakananga kumushandisi. Vashandisi vezvigadzirwa zvakabatana - funga nezvemidziyo yepamba yakangwara, michina yemaindasitiri kana mota - nekudaro vanowana kodzero yekuwana data rinogadzirwa nekushandisa kwavo chigadzirwa ichocho. Vagadziri nevanopa masevhisi vanogona kusachengeta data iroro ivo pachavo.
Chinokosha ndechekuti chisungo ichi chine mukana wekushandiswa zvishoma nezvishoma. Kunyangwe Mutemo weData Act wese uchishanda kubva musi wa12 Gunyana 2025, chisungo chekugadzira nekugadzira zvigadzirwa zvakabatana chinoshanda chete kune zvigadzirwa zvakaiswa pamusika mushure me12 Gunyana 2026. Saka zvigadzirwa zviripo hazvisati zvafukidzwa.
Mashoko akanaka mukugovana data reB2B
Mutemo uyu une mitemo chaiyo pamusoro pezvibvumirano muzvibvumirano zvedata zveB2B . Shoko rakaiswa nemunhu mumwe chete nechinhu chimwe chete pane chimwe harisungi rimwe bato kana risina kururama. Shoko rakaiswa munhu mumwe chete apo, pasinei nekuyedza kutaurirana, rimwe bato harina kukwanisa kuchinja zviri mukati maro. Mutoro wekuratidza izvi uri pabato rakaisa shoko iri.
Izwi harina kururama kana kushandiswa kwaro kuchipesana zvakanyanya netsika dzakanaka dzekutengeserana uye zvinopesana nekutenda kwakanaka uye kutengeserana kwakarurama. Mutemo uyu unopa semuenzaniso mazwi asingabatanidzi mutoro wechinangwa kana kushaya hanya kukuru, kudzivirira rimwe bato kushandisa ruzivo rwaro, kubvumira kugumisa rimwe bato panguva pfupi isina musoro, kana kubvumira mutengo wakakosha kana dzimwe shanduko huru kuti dziitwe rimwe chete. Mugumisiro wepamutemo ndewekuti izwi risina kururama harisungi rimwe bato, nepo zvimwe zvibvumirano zvichiri kushanda kana izwi racho richigona kupatsanurwa.
Kudyidzana neGDPR
Mutemo weData uri pamwe chete neMutemo weGeneral Data Protection Regulation, asi pane kubatana kwakakosha pakati pavo. Mutemo uyu unofukidzawo ruzivo rwemunhu, asi haurubvise kubva kumutemo wekuchengetedza ruzivo. Kana mushandisi asiri iye ari pasi peruzivo rwake ari kukumbirwa ruzivo rwake, ruzivo irworwo rwemunhu runogona kungopihwa chete kana paine hwaro hwepamutemo hwakakodzera pasi peChinyorwa 6 GDPR. Saka Mutemo weData hausi wega unopa mukana wekuti GDPR iwane ruzivo rwakadaro: kuwana ruzivo pasi peMutemo weData hakusununguri mapato pane zvavanosungirwa kuita paGDPR , uye haupi hwaro hwekuchengetedza kana kushandisazve ruzivo rwakapihwa kupfuura chinangwa charwakawanikwa.
Kutakurwa uye kushanduka kwegore
Chitsauko chakasiyana chinoda kuti vanopa masevhisi ekugadzirisa data vaite kuti kuchinja kune mumwe mupi kuve nyore. Havafanirwe kuisa chero zvipingamupinyi zvepamberi pekutengeserana, zvekutengeserana, zvehunyanzvi, zvechibvumirano kana zvesangano zvinotadzisa vatengi kuchinja. Kubva 12 Ndira 2027, vanopa masevhisi ekugadzirisa data havafanirwe kubhadharisa vatengi chero mari yekuchinja. Kutamiswa chaiko kwedata uye magadzirirwo kunofanirwa kuitika pasina kunonoka zvakanyanya uye hapana kana mushure menguva yekuchinja inosungirwa inosvika mazuva makumi matatu. Kune masangano anovimba zvakanyanya nemupi wegore rimwe chete, izvi zvinopa mukana mutsva wekutaurirana pakuvandudza kana kutauriranazve zvibvumirano.
Kuwanikwa kweveruzhinji kana paine zvinodiwa zvakanyanya
Mutemo uyu unopa masangano ehurumende mukana, pasi pemamiriro akaomarara, wekukumbira mukana wekuwana ruzivo rwepachivande kana paine zvinodiwa zvakanyanya - zvakaita sedambudziko reveruzhinji. Muchiitiko ichocho, vane ruzivo kunze kwemabhizinesi madiki nemabhizinesi madiki vanosungirwa kuita kuti ruzivo rwakakosha ruwanikwe mahara. Mune zvimwe zviitiko zvekudiwa zvakanyanya, muridzi weruzivo ane kodzero yekubhadharwa zvakaenzana. Simba iri rinotevedzwa nemamiriro ekuenzanisa uye subsidiarity akatarwa muMutemo.
Kutevedzwa kweMutemo muNetherlands
MuNetherlands, mutemo wekuchengetedza mutemo wave kuiswa mumutemo kuburikidza neData Act Implementation Act (Uitvoeringswet dataverordening). Netherlands Authority for Consumers and Markets (ACM) ndiyo ine simba guru reMutemo, kusanganisira zvitsauko zvedata rezvigadzirwa, kugovaniswa kweB2B, uye kufambiswa kwegore. Dutch Data Protection Authority (AP) ine simba rezvinhu zvine chekuita nekuchengetedzwa kweruzivo uye kugadziriswa kwedata remunhu mukati mezvimwe zvinyorwa neChitsauko V. Masimba ese ari maviri anogona kutora matanho ekumanikidza mutemo mukati menzvimbo yawo nekuisa murairo unotongerwa chirango kana faindi yekutonga. Mutemo weImplementation unopawo kushandira pamwe nekuchinjana ruzivo pakati peACM neAP, kuitira kuti vatariri vese vagone kuita nenzira yakabatana panyaya dzinopindirana.
Izvi zvinoreva chii mukuita?
Mabhizinesi anogadzira, anopinza kana kuparadzira zvigadzirwa zvakabatana angave akachenjera kuongorora dhizaini yezvigadzirwa zvavo uye chimiro chechibvumirano zvichipesana neData Act izvozvi. Kune zvigadzirwa zvinoiswa pamusika mushure me12 Gunyana 2026, chisungo chekugadzira nekuwanikwa chinoshanda zvizere. Vanopa masevhisi vanogadzirisa data vachimiririra vashandisi vanofanirwa kuongorora kuti ndeapi mabasa ekugovana data anoshanda kwavari uye kana zvibvumirano zviripo - kusanganisira zvikamu zvedata zvakanyorwa nemumwe - zvinoenderana nazvo.
Avo vanomirira kusvika mutemo watanga kushanda vari panjodzi yekusaririra kumashure. Kubatanidza zvigadzirwa, masevhisi, uye zvibvumirano nemitemo mitsva nenguva haisi nyaya yekutevedzera mitemo chete , asiwo inopa mikana: avo vanopa vatengi vavo pachena uye mukana wekuwana data vanoonekwa zvakanyanya mumusika uri kuramba uchitsoropodza mashandiro anoita makambani data.
Une mibvunzo here nezvezvinorehwa neEU Data Act kubhizinesi rako kana makondirakiti ako? Magweta epa Law & More vanofara kukubatsira.
Mibvunzo inowanzobvunzwa
Mutemo wedata watoshanda here kune zvigadzirwa zvangu zvakabatana zviripo?
Mutemo uyu unoshanda kubva musi wa12 Gunyana 2025, asi chisungo chekugadzira zvigadzirwa zvakabatana kuitira kuti ruzivo ruvepo kune vashandisi chinoshanda chete kune zvigadzirwa zvakaiswa pamusika mushure me12 Gunyana 2026. Zvigadzirwa zviripo kare pamusika zuva iroro risati rasvika hazvisati zvafukidzwa. Vagadziri nevanotenga kunze kwenyika vangave vakachenjera kuenderana nezvinodiwa zvitsva izvozvi, kuitira kuti zvigadzirwa zvemangwana zvienderane nezvinodiwa pamusika.
Ndingaitei kana chibvumirano changu chedata chiine zvikamu zvinorambidza kuwanikwa kwedata?
Pasi peMutemo weData, zvibvumirano zvinoiswa parutivi uye zvinodzivisa rimwe bato kushandisa kana kushandisa data raro zvinogona kuonekwa sezvisina kururama uye nekudaro zvisingasungi. Zvinokurudzirwa kuti zvibvumirano zvedata zviripo zviongororwe pazvikamu zvakadaro. Mutoro wekuratidza kuti shoko harina kuiswa parutivi uri padivi rebato rakaribatanidza. Kukurukurirana kwekutanga kunowanzo shanda pane kumirira kusvika rimwe bato rashandisa Mutemo.
Ndingagovana ruzivo rwangu rwega pasi peMutemo weData pasina hwaro hwepamutemo hweGDPR here?
Kwete. Mutemo weData haupi hwaro hwega hwekuburitsa ruzivo rwemunhu. Kana mushandisi asiri iye ari pasi pedata rake ari kukumbirwa ruzivo rwake, ruzivo irworwo runogona kungopihwa chete kana paine hwaro hwepamutemo hwakakodzera pasi peChinyorwa 6 GDPR. Uyezve, kuwana ruzivo pasi peData Act hakupi hwaro hwekuchengetedza kana kushandisazve ruzivo rwemunhu rwakaziviswa kupfuura chinangwa chepakutanga. Saka kutevedzera GDPR uye kutevedzera Data Act zvinofanira kuvimbiswa panguva imwe chete.
Ndingakwanisa here kubhadharisa mari yekuchinja semupi webasa regore?
Kubva musi wa12 Ndira 2027, vanopa mabasa ekugadzirisa data havabvumidzwe kubhadharisa vatengi mari yekuchinja. Pamusoro pezvo, kubva musi wa12 Gunyana 2025, hapana zvipingamupinyi zvehunyanzvi, zvechibvumirano kana zvesangano zvinotadzisa kuchinja zvinogona kuiswa. Kutamiswa kwedata chaiko pakuchinja kunofanirawo kuitika pasina kunonoka uye kupedzwa mukati menguva yekuchinja yemazuva makumi matatu kana kupfuura. Zvibvumirano zviripo zvine nguva yakareba kana mari yekuchinja zvinoda kuongororwa.
Ndeipi dare rekutarisira rine simba rekusimbisa Mutemo weData muNetherlands?
Kusimbiswa kwemutemo kwakakamurwa pakati peNetherlands Authority for Consumers and Markets (ACM) neDutch Data Protection Authority (AP). ACM inokwanisa chikamu chikuru cheMutemo, kusanganisira zviri pamusoro pedata rezvigadzirwa, kugovaniswa kweB2B uye kufambiswa kwegore. AP inokwanisa pazvinhu zvine chekuita nekuchengetedzwa kweruzivo rwemunhu uye kugadziriswa kwedata remunhu mukati mezvimwe zvinyorwa neChitsauko V. Masimba ese ari maviri anogona kuisa murairo unotongerwa chirango kana faindi yekutonga. Nzira dzekugadzirisa dzemutemo wekutonga dzinowanikwa pakusarudza kwakadaro, kusanganisira kupikisa, kukwidza nyaya uye kuregererwa kwenguva pfupi.
Mutemo wedata unoshandawo here kumabhizinesi madiki?
Mutemo uyu unosiyanisa nehukuru hwebhizinesi pane zvimwe zvinhu. Semuenzaniso, mabhizinesi madiki nemabhizinesi madiki haabhadharwi, kana paine zvikumbiro zveruzivo rwevanhu, kubva pakusungirwa kuita kuti ruzivo ruwanikwe mahara; muzviitiko izvozvo vane kodzero yekubhadharwa zvakanaka. Kune zvimwe zvisungo - kusanganisira chisungo chekuwanikwa kwezvinhu zvakabatana uye bvunzo yekururamisira yemitemo yeB2B - hapana kuregeredzwa kwakajairika kune mabhizinesi madiki nepakati. Vapi vezvigadzirwa zvakabatana kana masevhisi egore vanofanirwawo kuenzanisa mashandiro avo neMutemo nenguva.
