Pakutanga kwaChikumi 2026, gakava rakamuka pamusoro pekugadzwa kwaDonald Pols, aimbova director weMilieudefensie, kuTata Steel. Sekureva kwemushumo weNRC (2 Chikumi 2026), Pols vakatanga vhiki iyoyo saChief Sustainability Officer uye Director of Communications, asi Executive Board yeTata Steel Netherland yakasarudza nguva pfupi yadarika kuti isarambe ichishanda naye. Chikonzero chaive chekare kake kuSouth Africa: sekureva kweNRC, mumakore ake ekudzidza Pols aive munhu anotungamira muboka revadzidzi raitsigira kurudyi. Mumashoko ayo epepanhau emusi wa2 Chikumi 2026, Tata Steel Nederland yakazivisa kuti yaigumisa chibvumirano nekukasika, nekuti ruzivo rwese rwakakosha kuExecutive Board rwakanga rwapihwa panguva yekugadzwa. Sekureva kwemushumo, Pols pachake akazviparadzanisa nekare ikako. Kunzwisisa kudzingwa kwenguva yekuedzwa kwakakosha usati wasarudza matanho ako anotevera.
Nyaya iyi inomutsa mubvunzo wepamutemo webasa pamusoro pekudzingwa basa mushure mekutongwa: basa remushandi (anogona kunge ari iye) rinosvika papi pakuburitsa pachena ruzivo rwakavanzika kubva munguva yake yekare pachake, uye basa iroro rinosangana papi nekurambidzwa kwekusarurana nekuda kwekubatana kwake mune zvematongerwo enyika? Pazasi, ndinotsanangura hurongwa hwemutemo. Imwe chenjedzo pamusoro pechokwadi chiripo: masosi everuzhinji anoratidza kubviswa basa nekukurumidza, asi kwete kana chikamu chekutongwa chakabvumiranwa kana kuti ichi chaive chiziviso chekubviswa basa munguva yekutongwa. Chinotevera chinokurukura mamiriro ezvinhu iwayo nepfungwa yekuti chikamu chekutongwa chaivepo. Chimiro chemutemo chinogona kutariswa kuburikidza iyo portal yepamutemo yemutemo weDutch.
Kudzingwa basa panguva yekuedzwa: kupera pasina mitemo yakawanda
Kana nguva yekuedzwa yabvumiranwa, bato rega rega rine kodzero, chero bedzi nguva iyoyo iripo, yekugumisa chibvumirano chebasa nekukasika (Chikamu 7:676 cheDutch Civil Code, BW). Dziviriro yekudzingwa basa yakajairika — ongororo yekudzivirira neUWV kana dare redunhu, nguva dzekuzivisa, uye zvikonzero zvemutemo zvekudzingwa basa — hazvishande ipapo. Zvisinei, chinodiwa ndechekuti nguva yekuedzwa inoshanda: inofanira kunge yakabvumiranwa nekunyora uye haifanirwe kudarika nguva yepamusoro yepamutemo (Chikamu 7:652 BW). Mushandirwi haafanire kupa chikonzero chacho ega, asi anofanira kuchizivisa nekunyora kana mushandi akumbira.
Zvisinei, simba guru iroro harina muganho. Kudzingwa basa mushure mekutongwa, zvakare, hakungavi musiyano unorambidzwa. Mitemo yemazuva ano inosimbisa izvi: Dare reDunhu reThe Hague (ECLI:NL:RBDHA:2025:19487) neDare reDunhu reNorth Holland (ECLI:NL:RBNHO:2025:11085) zvakatonga kuti mushandi haafanirwe kudzingwa basa munguva yekutongwa nekuda kwechitendero chake kana chitendero chake. Pakubatana kwezvematongerwo enyika, hurongwa hwemutemo hwakafanana, kunyange hazvo mutongo pachinhu ichocho uchiri kushaikwa. Kana mumwe munhu akadzingwa basa nekuda kwechikonzero chakadaro chakachengetedzwa, chiziviso chekudzingwa basa chingave chisiri pamutemo kana chakavhurika kupikiswa kunyangwe munguva yekutongwa.
Saka mubvunzo ndewekuti nyaya iyi ine chekuita nekutongwa kwayo pachakwo here, kana chimwe chinhu. Sekureva kwenhau yayo, Tata Steel haivimbi nemaonero aPols, asi pakuti haasi mashoko ese akakosha akagovaniswa panguva yekugadzwa kwemunhu. Izvi zvinoshandura pfungwa huru kubva panyaya yekusarura kuenda kumubvunzo wekuti kunyimwa ruzivo irworwo kunogona here kutsigira kudzingwa kwemunhu oga.
Kurambidzwa kwerusarura: AWGB, kwete "rusarura" zvakazara
Pahukama hwebasa, chinhu chakakosha hachisi "kurambidza rusarura" asi kurambidzwa kwakananga pasi peDutch Equal Treatment Act (Algemene wet gelijke behandeling, AWGB). Kubatana mune zvematongerwo enyika inzvimbo yakachengetedzwa ipapo, mukusiyana kwakananga uye kusina kunanga (Article 1 AWGB). Kusiyanisa kunorambidzwa, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, pakupa chinzvimbo uye pakupinda uye kugumisa hukama hwebasa, zvichienderana nezvisizvo zvemutemo (Article 5(1) AWGB).
Mutemo weuchapupu unokoshawo: kana mushandi akataura zvinhu zvinogona kukonzera fungidziro yekuti pane musiyano, zvinova zvemushandirwi kuratidza kuti haana kuita zvinopesana nemutemo (Chikamu 10(1) AWGB). Kune mushandirwi anovimba nechimwe chinhu chisiri mhosva - semuenzaniso, pakunyimwa ruzivo rwakakodzera basa - izvi zvinoreva kuti anofanirawo kukwanisa kuita kuti chikonzero ichocho chive chinonzwisisika.
Basa rekuburitsa pachena, zvakavanzika, uye miganhu yazvo
Apa ndipo pane musimboti, uye apa ndipo pakakodzera kuzvidzora. Hapana mutemo wekuti munhu ari kunyorera basa anofanira kuburitsa pachena, pachake, zvese zvine chekuita nemukurumbira wake wekare. Pokutangira ndechekuti mibvunzo yemushandirwi inofanira kunge iine chekuita nebasa uye kuti ruzivo rusina chekuita neizvozvo - zvechokwadi ruzivo rwakakosha - rwunowira mukati mezvakavanzika zvemunyoreri. Maonero ezvematongerwo enyika mapoka akakosha eruzivo rwemunhu: kugadziriswa kwavo hakubvumidzwe (Chikamu 9 GDPR neChikamu 22 cheDutch GDPR Implementation Act, UAVG), zvichienderana nekusaririra kwakakwana. Kunyanya kune maonero ezvematongerwo enyika, kusateerera kwakaganhurirwa chete, kwakatsanangurwa mashandiro kunoshanda (Chikamu 26 UAVG). Saka mushandirwi haangobvunze nezveruzivo rwakadaro kana kurigadzirisa.
Kune rumwe rutivi, kupa ruzivo rusina kururama kana rusina kukwana nezvezvinhu zvakakosha pachinzvimbo ichi kunogona kuomera zvikuru mumutemo webasa - zvechokwadi apo pave nemubvunzo wakajeka nezvazvo, kana kuti chinzvimbo chacho chinoisa kuvimbika kwakati kana zvinodiwa zvekukodzera. Saka hwaro hahusi "basa rekuzvidira rekuburitsa pachena", asi kupindirana kwedzidziso yekukanganisa (Chinyorwa 6:228 BW), kukosha kweruzivo urwu pabasa, uye tsika dzakasununguka dzemaitiro akanaka emushandirwi nemushandi.
Mutemo wenyaya unoratidza huremu ihwohwo. Mu ECLI:NL:RBMNE:2026:2453, kukundikana — mushure memibvunzo yakajeka — kuburitsa pachena chirwere chisingaperi nezvikwereti kwakanga kwakakwana kuti pave nechikonzero chekukurumidzira chekudzingwa basa; dare redunhu rakatonga zvakare kuti kudzima basa kunze kwedare nekuda kwekukanganisa kana kubiridzira kwaizove kwakakodzera. Mu ECLI:NL:RBMNE:2026:1077, kudzingwa basa kwemushandi kwakatsigirwa mushure mekunge ruzivo rutsva nezvebhizinesi remushandi rwabuda pachena: mushandirwi aive akasununguka kufunga zvakare nezvekugona kwake kutumirwa basa uye kukodzera kwake zvichienderana neizvozvo. Zvisarudzo izvozvo zvinosimbisa kuti nyaya dzemukurumbira nekuvimbika dzinogona kunge dzakakosha, asi kwete kuti basa rekuzvimiririra rekuburitsa pachena riripo nguva dzose.
Zvinoshandiswa panyaya iyi: VaPols vakaunzwa semutungamiri wekuchengetedza nharaunda nekutaurirana kukambani inogara ichiongororwa neveruzhinji, uko kuvimbika nemukurumbira zviri zvinhu zvakakosha pabasa iri. Kana nguva yakapfuura isina kuchengetwa iine simba rakakwana mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro kutsigira kudzingwa kwebasa zvinoenderana nechokwadi chaicho: zvakabvunzwa, kuti ruzivo rwacho rwaive rwakakosha sei pabasa, uye kuti mushandirwi pachake aiziva kana kuti angadai akaziva chii.
Rumwe rutivi: basa remushandirwi rekuferefeta
Basa remushandi rekupa ruzivo ndiro basa remushandirwi rekuferefeta. Munhu anotadza kuita ongororo ine musoro anozoomerwa nekuvimba nekanganiso: chikanganiso chinokonzerwa nekusangwarira kwake chinoramba chiri pamari yemushandirwi (Chinyorwa 6:228(2) BW). Kune vanogadzwa padanho iri, kuongorora nekutarisa nhoroondo - mukati memiganhu yeGDPR uye kuenzana - zvave tsika yakajairika.
Asi kusaferefeta hakubvisi mushandi mutoro wake. Kana chokwadi chiri pachena kuti chinoenderana nebasa uye chikabvunzwa nezvacho, ndipo panonyanya kukosha kurambidzwa kwacho - kunyangwe mushandirwi wacho angadai akaongorora zvakanyanya.
Mhedziso uye pfungwa dzekutarisisa
Nyaya yacho inoratidza kuti mibvunzo miviri inofanira kusiyana zvakanyanya, uye kuti mhedzisiro yacho inoenderana nechokwadi.
Mubvunzo wekutanga ndewekuti pane here kusarurana kunorambidzwa nekuda kwekubatana kwezvematongerwo enyika. Kana zvakadaro, AWGB inopa dziviriro, kusanganisira panguva yekuedzwa, uye mutoro unorema weuchapupu uri pamushandirwi. Mubvunzo wechipiri ndewekuti mushandirwi anogona here kuvimba nekubvisa ruzivo rwakakosha pachinzvimbo ichi. Izvi zvinogona, mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, kupa chikonzero chekugumiswa basa kana kubviswa kwebasa nekuda kwekukanganisa kana kubiridzira, asi chete kana mibvunzo chaiyo, kukosha kwebasa, uye ruzivo rwemushandirwi zvichitsigira izvozvo.
Kune vashandi, izvi zvinoreva kuti: haufanirwe kuudza vamwe zvese, asi paunoziva kuti chokwadi chekare chako chakakosha kune chinzvimbo chaicho - zvechokwadi pachabvunzwa nezvazvo - kunyarara kunogona kukukuvadza zvakanyanya.
Kune vashandirwi, izvi zvinoreva: kuvimbika kwezita uye mukurumbira zvinokanganisa zviri pachena mukutsvagwa kwevashandi, kubvunza mibvunzo yakanangana navo, uye kunyora kuti ndeapi mashoko akakosha pakugadzwa kwevashandi. Kuvimba nekunyimwa mabasa kunoramba kwakasimba pamutemo kana mushandirwi akave ataura zviri pachena nezvezvaaida kuziva.
Mibvunzo inowanzobvunzwa
Mushandirwi anogona kungondidzinga basa panguva yekuedzwa here?
Kana nguva yekuedza yabvumiranwa yakanyorwa (Chinyorwa 7:652 BW), chibvumirano chebasa chinogona kugumiswa nekukasika chero bedzi nguva iyoyo iripo, pasina nguva yekuzivisa uye pasina kuongororwa kwekutanga neUWV kana dare (Chinyorwa 7:676 BW). Chikonzero hachifanirwe kupihwa nepfungwa yemushandirwi, asi chinofanira kuziviswa kwauri nekunyora kana wakumbira. Kudzingwa basa kunosvika pakusarurwa kunorambidzwa hakubvumirwiwo munguva yekuedza zvakare.
Ndinofanira kuudza mushandirwi mutsva nezvenguva yangu yekare ndega here?
Kwete zvese. Pokutangira ndechekuti ruzivo rwakakosha pabasa chete ndirwo runofanira kuunganidzwa, uye ruzivo rwakakosha rwunowira mukuchengetedzwa kweruzivo rwako. Kupa ruzivo rusina kururama kana rusina kukwana nezvezvinhu zvakakosha pachinzvimbo ichi kunogona, zvisinei, kuremedza zvakanyanya, zvechokwadi kana paine mubvunzo wakajeka nezvazvo kana kuti chinzvimbo ichi chinoisa zvinodiwa kuvimbika kana kukodzera.
Mushandirwi angandiramba kana kundidzinga basa nekuda kwekutenda kwangu mune zvematongerwo enyika here?
Kubatana mune zvematongerwo enyika inzvimbo yakachengetedzwa pasi peDutch Equal Treatment Act. Kusiyanisa hakubvumidzwe kana, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, kupa chinzvimbo uye kupinda muhukama hwebasa uye kugumisa (Chikamu 5 AWGB), zvichienderana nezvisizvo zvemutemo. Kana ukataura chokwadi chinoita kuti pave nekufungidzira kwekusiyana, mushandirwi anofanira kuratidza kuti haana kuita zvinopesana nemutemo (Chikamu 10 AWGB).
Musiyano uripo pakati pebasa rekuzivisa pachena nebasa rekuongorora ndeupi?
Basa rekuburitsa pachena riri pamunyoreri, basa rekuferefeta riri pamushandirwi. Mushandirwi anokundikana kuita ongororo ine musoro achaona zvakaoma kuvimba nechikanganiso (Chinyorwa 6:228(2) BW). Asi mutoro wemushandi haungopereri chete: kana zviri pachena kuti basa rine chekuita nebasa, mushure memibvunzo yakanangana, kuibvisa kunorema zvikuru.
Mibvunzo nezvemamiriro ako ezvinhu?
Blog iyi itsananguro yakajairika kwete zano rezvemitemo. Uri kutarisana nedambudziko rine chekuita nekunyorera basa, basa rekuburitsa pachena, kana kudzingwa basa panguva yekuedzwa - kungave semushandi kana semushandirwi? Magweta emutemo wezvemabasa ku Law & More Tinofara kufunga nemi. Ndapota inzwa wakasununguka kutibata kuti tikurukure pasina chisungo.
