Pakutanga takanyora blog nezvemamiriro ezvinhu anogona kuendeswa kubhangi uye mashandiro anoita maitiro aya . Kunze kwekubhuroka (kunotongwa muChinyorwa I), Mutemo weKubhuroka (muchiDutch weFaillissementswet, unonzi 'Fw') une mamwe maitiro maviri. Anoti: mortorium (Chinyorwa II) uye chirongwa chekugadzirisa zvikwereti zvevanhu vepanyama (Chinyorwa III, chinozivikanwawo seMutemo weKugadzirisa Zvikwereti Zvevanhu Vepanyama kana muchiDutch weWet Schulsanering Natuurlijke Personen 'WSNP'). Musiyano uripo pakati pemaitiro aya ndeupi? Muchinyorwa chino tichatsanangura izvi.
Kushungurudza
Chekutanga uye chinonyanya kukosha, Fw ndiyo inotonga maitiro ekubhuroka. Matanho aya anosanganisira kubatanidzwa kwese kwese kwemukwereti kuti zvibatsire vanokwereta. Izvi zvine chekuita nekugadziriswa kwemari pamwe chete. Kunyangwe paine mukana wekuti vanokwereta vatsvage rubatsiro mumwe nemumwe kunze kwekubhuroka zvichibva pane zviri muCode of Civil Procedure (muDutch Wetboek van Burgerlijke Rechtsvording kana 'Rv'), iyi haisi sarudzo inodiwa nevanhu nguva dzose.
Kana nzira yekubatanidza yekugadzirisa ikaiswa, inochengetedza maitiro mazhinji akasiyana ekuwana zita rinotemerwa uye kuteedzerwa kwaro. Mukuwedzera, zvinhu zvemukwereti zvakakamurwa zvakaringana pakati pevakweretesi, mukusiyana nekutora munhu, uko pasina kurongeka kwekutanga.
Mutemo uyu unosanganisira zvinhu zvakawanda zvekugadzirisa nyaya iyi pamwe chete. Kana kubhuroka kukarairwa, munhu ane chikwereti anorasikirwa nekuraswa nekutarisirwa kwezvinhu (pfuma) izvo zvinogona kudzoserwa mari zvichienderana neChikamu 23 Fw. Pamusoro pezvo, hazvichakwanisike kuti vanokweretesa vatsvage rubatsiro mumwe nemumwe, uye zvese zvinobatanidzwa zvakaitwa kubhuroka kusati kwadzimwa (Chikamu 33 Fw).
Iyo chete mukana wevanokwereta mukubhuroka kuti vabhadharwe zvichemo zvavo kuendesa zvichemo izvi kuti zvionekwe (Chinyorwa 26 Fw). Mufambisi wekubhuroka anofarirwa anogadzwa uyo anosarudza pamusoro pekusimbisa uye anotonga nekugadzirisa estate kuitira kubatsira kwevanokwereta (Chinyorwa 68 Fw).
Kumiswa kwekubhadhara
Chechipiri, FW inopa imwe nzira: kumiswa kwekubhadhara. Maitiro aya haasi ekugovera mari yemukwereti sekusabhadhara, asi ekuchengetedza. Kana zvichiri kukwanisika kubuda muzvikwereti nekudaro kudzivirira kusabhadhara, izvi zvinogoneka chete kune ane chikwereti kana akachengetedza midziyo yake. Saka, mukwereti anogona kukumbira kurambidzwa kana asiri mumamiriro ezvinhu apo akarega kubhadhara zvikwereti zvake, asi kana akaona kuti achava mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro mune ramangwana (Chikamu 214 Fw).
Kana chikumbiro chekumisa chikabvumidzwa, mukwereti haagone kumanikidzwa kubhadhara zvichemo zvakavharwa nekumisa, kuvharirwa kunomiswa, uye zvese zvakabatanidzwa (precautionary and enforceable) zvinodzimwa. Pfungwa iri shure kweizvi ndeyekuti nekubvisa kudzvanywa, pane nzvimbo yekuronga patsva.
Nekudaro, kazhinji izvi hazvibudiriri, nekuti zvichiri kugoneka kuteedzera zvichemo izvo zvinokosheswa zvakanamirwa (semuenzaniso kana iri kodzero yekuchengeta kana kodzero yekuvimbisa kana mbavha). Chikumbiro chekumisikidzwa chinogona kuridza mabhero kune vakwereti ava nekudaro kuvakurudzira kuti varambe vachibhadhara. Mukuwedzera, zvinongobvira kusvika pamwero wakaganhurirwa kuti mukwereti arongezve vashandi vake.
Kugadziriswa kwechikwereti kwevanhu chaivo
Maitiro echitatu muFw, kugadzirisa chikwereti kune vanhu venyama, zvakafanana nehurongwa hwekubhuroka. Nekuti makambani anoputswa kuburikidza nekumiswa kwemaitiro ekubhuroka, vakweretesi havasisina chikwereti uye havagone kuwana mari yavo. Izvi, hongu, hazvisi izvo zvemunhu chaiye, zvinoreva kuti vamwe vakweretesi vanogona kuteedzerwa nevanokweretesa kwehupenyu hwavo hwese. Ndokusaka, mushure mekubudirira mhedzisiro, mukweretesi anogona kutanga nesipo yakachena nemaitiro ekugadzirisa chikwereti.
Slate yakachena zvinoreva kuti zvikwereti zvisina kubhadharwa zvemunhu ane chikwereti zvinoshandurwa kuita zvisungo zvechisikigo (Chinyorwa 358 Fw). Izvi hazvimanikidzwe nemutemo, saka zvinogona kuonekwa sekungosungirwa kwetsika. Kuti uwane iyi slate yakachena, zvakakosha kuti uyo ane chikwereti aite nesimba rakawanda sezvinobvira panguva yechirongwa chekuunganidza mari yakawanda sezvinobvira. Chikamu chakakura chezvinhu izvi chinobva chadzimwa, senge mune maitiro ekubhuroka.
Chikumbiro chekugadzirisa chikwereti chinongopihwa chete kana munhu ane chikwereti akaita mukutendeka kwakanaka mumakore mashanu apfuura chikumbiro. Mamiriro ezvinhu mazhinji anotorwa mukutariswa mune ino ongororo, kusanganisira kana zvikwereti kana kutadza kubhadhara zvine mhosva uye nekuyedza kwekuedza kubhadhara zvikwereti izvi. Kutenda kwakanaka kwakakoshawo panguva uye mushure mekutongwa. Kana paine kushomeka kwekutenda kwakanaka panguva yekutongwa, maitiro acho anogona kumiswa (Chinyorwa 350 ndima 3 Fw). Kutenda kwakanaka kumagumo uye mushure mekufamba kwacho zvakare chikonzero chekupa nekuchengetedza yakachena slate.
Muchinyorwa chino takapa tsananguro pfupi yemaitirwo akasiyana muFw. Kune rimwe divi kune maitiro ekuvharisa: iyo general bankruptcy maitiro uye hurongwa hwekugadzirisa chikwereti hunongoshanda kune vanhu chaivo. Mukuita uku midziyo yemukwereti inovharwa pamwe chete kuti vabatsirwe nevanokwereta.
Nekune rimwe divi, pane kumiswa kwemaitiro ekubhadhara uko, ne'kumbomira' zvisungo zvekubhadhara kune vakweretesi vasina kuchengetedzwa, zvinogona kugonesa mukwereti kuti agadzirise zvinhu zvake uye nokudaro kudzivirira kubhuroka kunobvira. Iwe une chero mibvunzo nezve Fw uye maitiro ainopa? Ndokumbirawo ubate Law & More. Magweta edu ane hunyanzvi mukusavimbika mutemo uye vanofara kukubatsira!
