Mushandirwi wekuNetherlands haakwanise kugumisa chibvumirano chechigarire (chibvumirano kwenguva isingazivikanwi) kana achida. Pasi pechikamu 7:669 cheDutch Civil Code, mushandirwi anoda chikonzero chinonzwisisika chakabva pane runyorwa rwemutemo rwakavharwa, anofanira kuratidza kuti kuchinjisa basa kune rimwe basa rakakodzera mukati menguva yakakodzera hazvigoneke, uye anofanira kuwana mvumo yekutanga kubva kuUWV kana gwaro rekudzingwa kubva kudare redunhu, kunze kwekunge mushandi abvuma kugumisa basa nekunyora. Kudzingwa basa kwechinguvana chete nekuda kwechikonzero chekukurumidzira kunodarika mvumo iyoyo. Zvimwe zvese inzira ine mutoro weuchapupu pamushandirwi.
Chibvumirano chenguva dzose chii uye chinogona kupera sei?
Chibvumirano chebasa chisingaperi ndechechisina zuva rekugumisa rakabvumiranwa. Chinoshanda kusvika mumwe wevaviri ava apedza, uye mutemo weDutch unotara kuti izvozvo zvingaitwa sei chaizvo. Pane nzira ina dziri kushanda.
Mushandi anogona kupa chiziviso, achicherechedza nguva yekuzivisa yepamutemo. Ndiyo nzira iri nyore uye ndiyo inofanira kufungwa nezvayo zvakanyanya nemushandi, nekuti kusiya basa kunowanzoita kuti pave nekodzero yekuwana mari yekubatsira vasina basa uye kodzero yekubhadhara mari yekuchinja basa. Kana basa idzva ratosainwa, harisi dambudziko; kana risiri iro, rinowanzova dambudziko.
Mushandirwi nemushandi vanogona kubvumirana kugumisa chibvumirano nekubvumirana, kwakanyorwa muchibvumirano chevasttellingsovereeenkomst (chibvumirano chekugadzirisa). Mushandirwi anogona kupa chiziviso mushure mekuwana mvumo kubva kuUWV, inova nzira yekudzingwa basa uye yekusakwanisa kushanda kwenguva refu. Uye mushandirwi anogona kukumbira dare redunhu kuti riparadze chibvumirano, inova nzira yezvikonzero zvese zvemunhu. Pamwe chete neizvi pane kudzingwa basa (ontslag op staande voet) nekuda kwechikonzero chekukurumidzira, chinogumisa chibvumirano nekukurumidza uye pasina mvumo.
Zvikonzero zvine musoro zvekudzingwa basa
Chikamu 7:669 ndima 3 chinotsanangura zvikonzero zvacho zvizere, uye mushandirwi haagone kugadzira chegumi. Muchidimbu ndeizvi: kudzingwa basa nekuda kwezvikonzero zvehupfumi zvebhizinesi, kutadza kushanda kwenguva refu kwenguva refu kwenguva inopfuura makore maviri, kusavapo nguva nenguva kune migumisiro isingagamuchirwi kubhizinesi, kusakodzera basa kunze kwekurwara, zviito kana kusiiwa kwemushandi, kuramba kuita basa nekuda kwekuramba zvakanyanya nehana, hukama hwekushanda hwakakanganisika zvachose, mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu zvekuti kuramba kuenderera mberi hakufanirwe kudiwa, uye chikonzero chakaunganidzwa chakaunzwa muna 2020, umo musanganiswa wezvikonzero zviviri kana kupfuura zvisina kukwana zvinogona pamwe chete kururamisa kudzingwa.
Zviviri zvezvikonzero izvi zvinoenda kuUWV: kudzoserwa kwemushandi uye kusakwanisa kushanda kwenguva refu. Zvimwe zvese zvinoenda kudare redunhu. Nzvimbo yekuunganidzwa ndiyo nzira yedare zvakare, uye apo dare rinoparara nekuda kweizvozvo rinogona kupa mushandi mari yekuwedzera pamusoro pemubhadharo wekuchinja.
Chero chikonzero chipi zvacho chinoshandiswa, chikamu 7:669 ndima 1 chinowedzera chipingamupinyi chechipiri icho vashandirwi vanowanzo shora: kudzingwa basa kunobvumirwa chete kana kuchinjisa mushandi panzvimbo imwe yakakodzera mukati menguva yakakodzera, nekudzidziswazve uko kunogona kutarisirwa, kusingagoneki kana kuti kusiri muchikonzero. Muboka remakambani, chisungo chekuchinjisa basa chinoshanda muboka rese. Faira rinoratidza chikonzero asi risingataure chinhu nezvekuchinjisa basa ifaira risina kukwana.
Pamusoro pekusakodzera, mutemo unoda kuti mushandi aziviswe nezvekutadza kwake nenguva uye apiwe mukana wekuvandudza, nerutsigiro pazvinenge zvichidikanwa. Gwaro rekudzingwa basa rinounganidzwa mushure mekunge sarudzo yaitwa rinoratidza izvozvo chaizvo, uye matare anoriverenga zvinoenderana nazvo. Nyaya yedu pamusoro pekuramba basa inobata nechikonzero chinowanzo shandiswa zvisizvo.
Kudzingwa basa nekubvumirana kwevese pamwe nechibvumirano chekugadzirisa nyaya
Kudzingwa kwakawanda kwevashandi vekuNetherlands kunopera nechibvumirano chekugadzirisa kwete nechisarudzo. Izvi zvinokodzera mativi ese: mushandirwi anodzivisa maitiro ane mhedzisiro isina chokwadi uye faira reruzhinji, uye mushandi anowana simba pane imwe nguva kwete pane imwe. Zvese zvinokurukuriranwa, kusanganisira zuva rekupedzisira, muripo, nguva yekuzivisa, referensi, mari yekupedzisira yezororo, kurapwa kwechikamu chisina kukwikwidzana, bhajeti rekunze uye mupiro wemari yematare.
Zvinhu zvitatu zvinosarudza kana chibvumirano chichishanda. Chinofanira kunyorwa kuitira kuti rubatsiro rwekushaya basa ruchengetedzwe, zvinoreva kuti chirongwa chacho chinyoreswe semushandirwi, kuti hapana chikonzero chekukurumidzira kana mhosva inopihwa kumushandi, uye kuti nguva yekuzivisa inoshanda iremekedzwe pazuva rekupedzisira. Mushandi ane nguva yepamutemo yekudzikamisa basa pasi pechikamu 7:670b cheCivil Code: chibvumirano chinogona kupedzwa nekunyora pasina kupa zvikonzero mukati memazuva gumi nemana, kuwedzerwa kusvika kumazuva makumi maviri nerimwe kana mushandirwi asina kuratidza kodzero yacho nekunyora mukati memazuva maviri ekushanda. Uye muripo wekuchinja ipasi pane denga: mukubuda kwakabvumiranwa, muripo ndiwo unobvumiranwa nemapato, uye simba refaira remushandirwi ndiro rinosarudza.
Usambofa wakasaina pazuva raunowana. Ita kuti gweta rezvemabasa riongorore kutanga; vashandirwi vanowanzopa mari yekuongorora, nekuti chibvumirano chakaongororwa zvakanaka chinobatsirawo ivo.
Nzira yeUWV: kudzoserwa kwevashandi uye kusakwanisa kushanda kwenguva refu
Kana chikonzero chiri chekusashanda kwenguva refu kana kuti kusakwanisa kushanda kwenguva inopfuura makore maviri, mushandirwi anonyorera kuUWV mvumo yekuzivisa. Maitiro acho akanyorwa, mushandi anopiwa mukana wekupindura, uye UWV inoongorora kana chikonzero chacho chagadziriswa uye kana kuendeswa kwevashandi kwakaongororwa nemazvo.
Munyaya yekudzoserwa kwevashandi, mushandirwi anofanirawo kuratidza kuti vashandi vakakodzera vakasarudzwa. Mutemo wepamutemo ndiwo unonzi afspiegelingsbeginsel, apo vashandi vanoita mabasa anochinjika vanokamurwa kuita mabraketi ezera uye musimboti wekupedzisira wekuti in, first out unoshandiswa mukati mebraketi rega rega, kuitira kuti chimiro chezera chevashandi chichengetedzwe. Kukanganisa mabasa anochinjika ndicho chikonzero chinowanzoitika chekuti application yekudzoserwa kwevashandi ikundikane.
Kana mvumo ikapihwa, mushandirwi anofanira kupa chiziviso mukati memavhiki mana, achicherechedza nguva yekuzivisa yakakodzera. Nguva yakatarwa neUWV inogona kubviswa kubva panguva iyoyo, asi mwedzi mumwe chete wekuzivisa unofanirwa kugara uripo. Kana mvumo ikarambwa, mushandirwi achiri kukwanisa kukumbira dare redunhu kuti riparadze chibvumirano nechikonzero chimwe chete, uye dare richazviongorora roga. Kana chibvumirano cheboka chichipa komiti yekudzinga vashandi, komiti iyoyo inotora nzvimbo yeUWV. Kudivi reboka, mitemo yehurongwa hwemunhu mumwe nemumwe mukudzingwa kwevashandi pamwe chete inowedzera imwe nzira.
Nzira yedare redunhu repasi
Pamusana pezvikonzero zvese zvemunhu, mushandirwi anoendesa chikumbiro kudare redunhu achikumbira kuti chibvumirano chiparadzwe. Mushandi anoendesa chikumbiro chekudzivirira uye, muzviitiko zvakafanana, anogona kukumbira muripo wakakodzera (billijke vergoeding) uye anogona kuendesa chikumbiro chekupikisa. Pane kunzwa, uye dare rinopa sarudzo ine chikonzero. Mapato ese anogona kukwidza nyaya, uye kukwidza nyaya inzira chaiyo yekugadzirisa nyaya kwete tsika: matare ekukwirira anogara achigadzirisa nyaya dzekuputswa kwenyaya.
Dare rinofanira kuwana chikonzero chakasimba. Chikonzero chakangosimbiswa zvishoma hachina kukwana chega, ndosaka chikonzero chekuunganidza chakawedzerwa. Kana dare rikaputsa chibvumirano, rinoisa zuva rekupedzisira rinotora nguva yekuzivisa, uye richapa muripo wakakodzera pamusoro pemubhadharo wekuchinja uko kudzingwa kuri mugumisiro wezviito zvakakomba zvemushandirwi, semuenzaniso apo mushandirwi ndiye akaita kuti pave nekukanganiswa kwaanovimba nako iye zvino.
Dare rinogonawo kuramba kuputsa. Izvozvo zvinosiya basa riripo, ndosaka nyaya yehukama hwakakanganisika ichiwanzogadziriswa: hapana divi rinoda kuti mushandi adzoke padhesiki mushure mekunzwa nyaya, uye vese vanozviziva.
Zvinorambidzwa kana zvaziviswa
Chinyorwa 7:670 cheMutemo weVanhu chinorambidza kugumisa basa mumamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana-siyana pasinei nechikonzero. Chinonyanya kuzivikanwa chirwere: mushandirwi haafanire kupa chiziviso mumakore maviri ekutanga ekusakwanisa kushanda. Zvimwe zvinosanganisira zororo repamuviri nerekusununguka, kuva nhengo yedare remabasa, uye kuva nhengo yesangano revashandi zvine chekuita nemabasa esangano. Kugumisa basa nekutyora mutemo kunogona kubviswa nedare.
Zvinorambidzwa hazvisi zvega. Hazvishande kana mushandi akabvuma nekunyora, kana chibvumirano chikagumiswa pachikonzero chisina chekuita nemamiriro ezvinhu akachengetedzwa, kana kana bhizinesi kana chikamu charo chakasiyana chiri kuvharwa. Uye hazvifukidze mushandi akarwara mushure mekunge chikumbiro chekudzingwa chagamuchirwa. Kudyidzana pakati pekurwara nekudzingwa ndiyo imwe nzvimbo inonyanya kutaurwa munyaya iyi, uye chinyorwa chedu pamusoro pekurwara, kuneta uye kumanikidzwa kwebasa chinotsanangura zvinofanirwa kuitwa nemativi ese maviri mumakore maviri ekutanga.
Nguva dzekuzivisa
Chinyorwa 7:672 chinotara nguva. Chiziviso chinopihwa pakupera kwemwedzi kunze kwekunge chibvumirano chakanyorwa kana kuti chipatara chakamiswa chichitaura rimwe zuva. Nguva yekuzivisa mushandirwi inoenderana nehurefu hwebasa: mwedzi mumwe chete kwemakore asingasviki mashanu ebasa, mwedzi miviri kwemakore mashanu kusvika gumi, mwedzi mitatu kwemakore gumi kusvika gumi nemashanu uye mwedzi mina kubva mumakore gumi nemashanu. Nguva yemushandi mwedzi mumwe chete.
Zvese zvinogona kuchinjwa nechibvumirano chakanyorwa, mukati memiganhu. Nguva yemushandi inogona kuwedzerwa kusvika kumwedzi mitanhatu, asi chete kana nguva yemushandirwi yakapetwa kaviri. Chibvumirano chinowedzera kaviri nguva yekuzivisa mushandi pasina kuwedzera kaviri nguva yemushandirwi hachina kunaka, uye kukanganisa kunoshanda kune mushandirwi. Chibvumirano chevanhu vose chinogona kupfupisa nguva yemushandirwi, uye vazhinji vanoita saizvozvo.
Kudzingwa kwechinguvana nekuda kwechikonzero chekukurumidzira
Kudzingwa basa (ontslag op staande voet) kunogumisa chibvumirano nekukasika, pasina chiziviso uye pasina mvumo kubva kuUWV kana kudare. Zvinyorwa 7:677 na7:678 zveCivil Code zvinogadza muganho: panofanira kunge paine chikonzero chekukurumidzira, senge kuba, hutsotsi, mhirizhonga yakakura kana kurambidzwa kukuru, kudzingwa basa kunofanira kupihwa nekukurumidza kana chikonzero chazivikanwa, uye chikonzero chinofanira kuziviswa kumushandi panguva imwe chete uye panguva imwe chete nekudzingwa basa. Zvese zvitatu zvinodiwa zvinofanirwa kuzadzikiswa; kana chimwe chazvo chikasaitika chinouraya.
Matare anoshandisa izvi zvakasimba, uye anoyera mamiriro emushandi, kusanganisira nguva yebasa uye migumisiro yekudzingwa basa, zvichienderana nehukuru hwemaitiro ake. Mushandi anodzingwa basa nekukurumidza anorasikirwa nemubhadharo nekukasika uye kazhinji haana kodzero yekuwana mari yekushaya basa, ndosaka nguva yekupedzisira yemwedzi miviri inotsanangurwa pazasi ichikosha zvikuru. Mushandirwi asina chokwadi anofanira kumisa mushandi pamubhadharo wake wese, oferefeta zvakanaka, uye ozosarudza, pane kutanga adzingwa basa.
Kubhadhara kwekuchinja
Mushandi ane chibvumirano chakagumiswa pachirongwa chemushandirwi, kana kuti chisina kuenderera mberi pachirongwa chemushandirwi, ane kodzero yekubhadhara mari yekuchinja (transitievergoeding) pasi pechinyorwa 7:673. Mari iyi inotanga kubva pazuva rekutanga rebasa, saka inowanikwawo panguva yekuedzwa, uye inoverengerwa kubva pahurefu hwebasa uye muhoro webasa kusanganisira mari yakatarwa yakadai semubhadharo wezororo. Pane huwandu hwepamusoro hwemutemo hunogadziriswa gore rega rega uye hunoburitswa nehurumende, saka chero nhamba yakataurwa muchinyorwa inofanira kuongororwa gore razvino isati yashandiswa.
Pane zvimwe zvinhu zvisingaitwe kumativi ese ari maviri. Hapana muripo unofanirwa kubhadharwa kana dare rikaona kuti mushandi akaita zvinhu nenzira ine mhosva yakakura, kunyange hazvo dare richiramba riine simba rekupa muripo uyu mune dzimwe nyaya dzinoshamisa. Hapana muripo unofanirwa kubhadharwa kana mushandi ari pasi pemakore gumi nemasere uye akashanda maawa mashoma, kana mushandi asvika zera repension, kana kana mushandirwi asvika pakubhuroka. Pfungwa yekupedzisira iyi inobata vanhu: mukubhuroka hapana chikumbiro chemubhadharo wekuchinja uye chirongwa cheUWV chemari yemuhoro hachiufukidze, izvo zvakatsanangurwa zvakadzama munyaya yedu pamusoro pekodzero dzevashandi kana mushandirwi abhuroka.
Kusiyana nemari yekubhadhara yekuchinjana, muripo wakakodzera unopihwa chete kana mushandirwi akaita nenzira ine mhosva huru. Hauna fomura; dare rinoongorora mamiriro acho ezvinhu, kusanganisira kurasikirwa nemari iyo mushandi anogona kutarisirwa kutambura nayo.
Mazuva ekupedzisira ausingakwanise kupotsa
Miganhu iri muchikamu 7:686a ndima 4 inguva dzekurasikirwa nepfuma. Hadzigone kuwedzerwa, uye dare rinodzishandisa roga.
Mushandi anoda kuti dare ribvise chibvumirano chekugumisa basa chakapihwa pasina mvumo inodiwa, kusanganisira kudzingwa basa kwenguva pfupi, kana anoda muripo panzvimbo pacho, anofanira kuendesa chikumbiro mukati memwedzi miviri kubva pazuva rakapera chibvumirano. Chikumbiro chemubhadharo wekuchinja basa chinofanira kuendeswa mukati memwedzi mitatu kubva pazuva iroro. Kusasvika nguva yakatarwa yemwedzi miviri zvinoreva kuti kudzingwa basa kwacho kunenge kuri kwemutemo kunyangwe kwaive kusiri pamutemo, inova ndiyo chikanganiso chikuru chinogona kuitwa nemushandi. Teerera mazano muvhiki yekutanga, kwete mumwedzi wechipiri.
Mushandirwi ane nguva yake yekupedzisira: kuzivisa mukati memavhiki mana emvumo yeUWV, uye, pakudzingwa basa kwechinguvana, kutora matanho pasina kunonoka kana chokwadi chazivikanwa.
Zvekuita kana chibvumirano chako chenguva dzose chiri kupera
Bvunza chikonzero chakanyorwa uye faira rinotsigira, nekuti mushandirwi anofanira kukwanisa kutaura kuti ndechipi chezvikonzero zvepamutemo chaanovimba nacho. Usasaina chibvumirano chekugadzirisa ipapo ipapo, uye yeuka kuti nguva yekudzikamisa basa inokupa mamwe mazuva gumi nemana kunyangwe wakasaina. Tarisa kuti nguva yekuzivisa iri muzuva rekupedzisira rawakaronga ndeyechokwadi, nekuti zuva rekupedzisira risati rasvika nguva yekushanda rinokutorera mavhiki emari uye rinogona kukanganisa kutanga kwemari yekubatsirwa kwekushaya basa. Kana wakadzingwa basa nekukurumidza, nyora chirambidzo chako nekukasika, taura kuti uchiripo kubasa, uye tsvaga mazano vhiki imwe chete.
Vashandirwi vanofanira kutanga kubva pane faira kwete kubva pane chisarudzo: taura chikonzero, nyora pasi kuongororwa kwekuendeswa kwevashandi, uye, kana chikonzero chisina kukodzera, taura chokwadi kana mushandi akapihwa mukana wekuvandudza. Nyaya dzese dzekudzingwa basa dzinokanganisa mushandirwi panguva iyoyo.
Law & More inopa mazano kuvashandi nevashandirwi nezvekugumiswa kwezvibvumirano zvechigarire: kuongorora nekutaurirana zvibvumirano zvekugadzirisa, kuita nyaya dzedare reUWV nedunhu diki, kupikisa kudzingwa basa uye kukumbira muripo wekuchinja uye muripo wakakodzera. Bata magweta edu ebasa kuti muongorore chinzvimbo chenyu, uye onai yedu Magwaro emutemo webasa weDutch, ongororo yedu ye kodzero dzevashandi muNetherlands and of kodzero dzevashandirwi nezvisungo, uye peji redu rekudzidzira riri pa Dutch basa mutemo uye pamusoro zvibvumirano zvebasa muNetherlands.
