ziviso
Kufungira kuti mari yakabiwa kunogona kuitika kamwe kamwe uye kwakakomba, zvichikonzera matambudziko makuru muhupenyu hwako hwepachivande nehwebhizinesi. Ungangotarisana nekubvunzurudzwa nemapurisa, kusechwa kwemba, kana kuvharwa kweakaundi yako yebhangi. Kubiwa kwemari imhosva huru inosanganisira kuvanza kana kuvanza kwakabva mari kana zvinhu. Muchinyorwa chino, tinotsanangura zvakajeka kuti zvinorevei kufungirwa kuti mari yakabiwa, kodzero dzako ndedzipi, kuti vatongi vanozviratidza sei izvi, uye, pamusoro pezvose, zvaunofanira kuita uye zvausingafaniri kuita nekukasika.
Chii chinonzi mari yekunze?
Kubvisa mari muchivande inzira iyo matsotsi 'anosuka' mari zvisiri pamutemo kuburikidza nekuvaka kwakaoma. Izvi zvinosanganisira munhu anovanza kana kuvanza hunhu hwechokwadi, kwaakabva, nzvimbo, kuraswa kana kufamba kwechinhu - kazhinji mari kana zvinhu - uku achiziva kana kufungidzira zvine musoro kuti chinobva kumhosva yemhosva. Iyi imhosva yemhosva pasi peChikamu 420bis cheCriminal Code. Izvi zvinoshanda kwete kumari chete, asiwo kune zvimwe zvinhu zvinowanikwa kuburikidza nemabasa emhosva. MuNetherlands, chero mhosva inounza mari yemhosva inogona kuva mhosva yekurasa mari. Uyezve, mumamiriro ekubvisa mari muchivande, mari yacho haifanirwe kubva zvachose mumabasa emhosva; mari shoma nemari yemhosva yakakwanawo.
Kubvisa mari kunofanirwa kuratidzwa zvichibva pachokwadi chaicho uye hunhu hunozivikanwa nevanhu vazhinji. Mashoko akadai sekuti 'kuwana', 'kuva' uye 'kutamisa' ane revo yakakwana uye anogamuchirwa zvakanyanya mumatare edzimhosva. Kutora chinhu (mazwi ekuti kuwana, chinhu chinowana) kubva mumhosva kunorangwa, kunyangwe kana chinhu chacho chakabva zvakananga kubva mumhosva. Zvinorehwa nezviito izvi hazvidi tsananguro yakawedzerwa kunze kwekunge zvichisanganisira kuvanza kana kuvanza.
Zvakakosha kuziva kuti mhosva yacho haifanirwe kutsanangurwa zvakananga (kureva kuti mhosva yacho ndeyechokwadi). Dare Repamusorosoro rakatonga muzvisarudzo zvakasiyana-siyana kuti, zvichibva pahunhu hwechinhu chacho uye ruzivo rwacho, zvakakwana kutaura kuti chinhu chacho chakabva kumhosva. Izvi zvinoreva kuti Public Prosecution Service haifanirwe kuratidza kuti mari kana zvinhu zvakabva kupi pamhosva chaiyo. Uyezve, zvirevo pamusoro pekwakabva mari kana zvinhu zvinofanira kunge zvakarurama uye zvichisimbiswa kusvika pamwero wakati; hazvina kukwana kana mari yacho ingave yakawanikwa zviri pamutemo kana mamiriro ezvinhu achiratidza zvakasiyana.
Maitiro ekutsvaira mari
Kune nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekubvisa mari, imwe neimwe ine kukosha kwayo mumutemo wemhosva:
- Kubiridzira mari nemaune: nzira yekuvanza mari nemaune. Chinangwa chinofanira kuratidzwa, semuenzaniso nekuti munhu anofungidzirwa kuti akagamuchira njodzi yakakura kana kuti akazvipinza munjodzi yekuti chinhu chacho chakabva kumhosva. Hazvingodiwi chete kuti munhu anofungidzirwa kuti aiziva kwakabva mhosva, asiwo kuti akaita nemaune. Kuvanza mari nemaune kunorangwa zvakanyanya kupfuura kuvanza mari nehasha. Izvi zvinowanzoguma nemutongo wejeri kwenguva refu, kunyanya kana paine kubatana kwemhosva kana kuvanza mari kuchiitwa nguva dzose.
- Kubvisa mari zvisina hanya: Panyaya yekubviswa kwemari netsaona, munhu anofungidzirwa kuti ndiye akabvisa mari netsaona, anofanira kunge aine zvikonzero zvine musoro zvekufungira kuti chinhu chacho chakabva pamhosva. Hazvisi zvese zvinoratidza kusangwarira zvinotungamira mukubviswa kwemari netsaona; panofanira kunge paine kukanganisa kwakaringana kana kusangwarira kukuru. Kana munhu anofungidzirwa kuti akatadza kuferefeta kwakabva mari netsaona ndipo panogona kufungidzirwa kuti kubviswa kwemari netsaona kwacho kwakaitwa.
- Tsika yekubiridzira mari: Izvi zvine chekuita nekubviswa kwemari netsvina kakawanda uye nemaune (kunoitwa kakawanda) zvichienderana nemaitiro chaiwo. Kubviswa kwemari netsika uye kubatana nemhosva zvinogona kukonzera mitongo yakakomba, kusanganisira kusungwa kwenguva refu. Izvi zvine chirango chakakura kupfuura kubviswa kwemari netsaona.
Mukuwedzera, pane kushambidza mari zviri nyore, uko kungowana kana kuva nechinhu chinobva zvakananga kubva mumhosva yako pachako kunorangwa. Sezvo kuchinjwa kwemutemo, kushambidza mari nyore nyore kunorangwawo, chero bedzi mamiriro chaiwo akasangana.
Ndapota cherechedzai: Zvirango zvekuba mari nemaune uye zvekugara uchiba mari zvinowanzova zvakanyanya kupfuura zvekuba mari zviri nyore.
Kufungira kuti mari iri kubiwa kunobva kupi?
Kufungirana kunowanzoitika kana paine kutengeserana kunofungirwa kwakadai se:
- Mari yakawanda isina kwayakabva.
- Kuisa mari muakaundi dzakawanda kusingatsanangurike kana kuti mari inoyerera nenzira yakaoma.
- Kutenga zvinhu zveumbozha zvisingaenderane nemari inoonekwa yepamutemo.
- Mishumo inobva kumasangano emari, magweta, maakaunzi kana vamwe vanopa mabasa vanosungirwa kuzivisa kutengeserana kunofungirwa kuFinancial Intelligence Unit (FIU).
- Kutengeserana kunoonekwa pachena nekuda kwehunhu hwakajeka, hwakadai semhando dzisingawanzoitiki kana kuti kwakabva mari yacho kusina kujeka, izvo zviri zvechokwadi uye zvinoonekwa uye zvinogona kusarudzwa nevakuru vemutemo.
Mishumo iyi inoonekwa seyakavanzika, asi inogona kutungamira mukuferefetwa kwakawedzerwa nemapurisa, FIOD kana Public Prosecution Service. Mushure memushumo wakadaro, zvakakosha kuziva kuti mapurisa kana FIOD vanowanzova neruzivo rwakakura mukuferefeta mari yakabiwa.
Chii chaunofanira kuita nekukasika kana uchifungidzira kuti mari yabviswa?
Kana uchifungirwa kuti une mhosva yekubvisa mari, zvakakosha kuti ubvunze gweta rematsotsi nekukurumidza. Une kodzero yekunyarara uye haufanirwe kutaura chero chinhu kumapurisa usina gweta rakanaka riri padivi pako. Kubata matsotsi Magweta Pakutanga kwakakosha, sezvo vachigona kukupa mazano pamusoro pemashoko ehurongwa uye mikana yepamutemo. Ndapota cherechedza: kungotaura nezvekodzero yako yekunyarara kazhinji hazvina kukwana; semunhu anofungirwa, unotarisirwa kuita zvakawanda, zvakaita sekupa mashoko akasimba uye anosimbiswa. Gweta rakanaka rinogona kuongorora faira renyaya, kukumbira humbowo uye kukupa mazano ehurongwa kuti uwedzere mikana yako yekuwana mhedzisiro yakanaka. Mazano akakosha anosanganisira:
- Shandisa kodzero yako yekunyarara uye usataure chero chinhu usina kubvunza gweta rako.
- Usataure zvinhu zvisina kujeka kana kuti zvisina chokwadi nezvekwakabva mari kana zvinhu.
- Unganidza uye chengeta humbowo hwakawanda sezvinobvira hunotsigira tsananguro inonzwisisika.
- Ziva kuti Public Prosecution Service ingangotarisira kuti upe tsananguro chaiyo, inogona kusimbiswa uye isiri yekutanga isingatarisirwi kana vangosimbisa fungidziro ine musoro yekuburitsa mari.
Mhosva dzepaindaneti nekubviswa kwemari
Mhosva dzepaindaneti nekubvisa mari zviri pedyo zvakanyanya mazuva ano. Tiri kuona mari inowanikwa kubva mukuparwa kwemhosva dzepaindaneti, dzakadai sekubiridzira paindaneti, phishing kana hacking, ichitsvairwa kuburikidza nenzira dzakaoma dzedhijitari. Mari yematsotsi inowanikwa kuburikidza nemhosva idzi dzedhijitari inowanzo shandurwa kuita mari dzedhijitari dzakadai semabitcoins, mushure mezvo inopinda muhupfumi hwepamutemo kuburikidza nemawallet akasiyana-siyana edhijitari uye kutengeserana kwenyika dzese. Saka vatongi nePublic Prosecution Service vanotarisisa zvakanyanya kutengeserana kunofungirwa kunosanganisira nzira dzekubhadhara dzedhijitari, kunyanya kana zvichibva padark web kana kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzisingazivikanwe.
Mumatare edzimhosva anosanganisira kushambadza mari nemabitcoins kana mamwe macryptocurrencies, munhu anofungidzirwa kuti achapa tsananguro inonzwisisika yekwakabva mari idzi dzedhijitari pamutemo. Kana tsananguro yakadaro isingakwanise kupihwa, njodzi yekufungirwa kushambadza mari inowedzera zvakanyanya. Magweta anobata nyaya dzekushambadza mari haafanire kungoziva mutemo wemhosva chete, asiwo nezvemhosva dzepaindaneti uye kuti mari yedhijitari inogona kuteverwa sei uye kuongororwa.
Basa reFIOD neTax and Customs Administration munyaya dzekubvisa mari
FIOD (Fiscal Information and Investigation Service) pamwe neTax and Customs Administration vanoita basa guru mukurwisa kubiwa kwemari muNetherlands. Vanonyanya kutsvaga mari nezvinhu zvinobva mumhosva uye vanoshanda pamwe chete nePublic Prosecution Service. FIOD inoita ongororo yakadzama pamusoro pekutengeserana kusingawanzoitiki, kazhinji zvichibva pamishumo inobva kumasangano emari kana mamwe masangano ari pasi peMoney Laundering and Terrorist Financing (Prevention) Act (Wwft).
Kana FIOD kana Tax and Customs Administration vakafungidzira kuti mari kana zvinhu zvinobva mumhosva, vanogona kutora zvinhu izvi votanga kuferefeta mhosva. Izvi zvinogona kuva nemigumisiro mikuru kumakambani nevanhu. Saka zvakakosha kutsvaga mazano emutemo nekukasika kubva kugweta renyanzvi kana paine kuferefeta neFIOD kana Tax and Customs Administration, kuitira kuti kodzero dzenyu dzichengetedzwe zvakanaka uye mugone kupindura zvakakwana mibvunzo nezvekwakabva zvinhu zvenyu.
Kubvisa mari nemaune uye kugara uchibvisa mari: zvitupa zvepamutemo
Mutemo wemhosva unosiyanisa pakati pekubvisa mari nemaune nekubviswa mari netsika. Kubvisa mari nemaune kunosanganisira kuvanza kana kuvanza hunhu hwechokwadi, kwakabva, nzvimbo, kuraswa kana kufamba kwechinhu, uku uchiziva kuti chinhu chacho chakabva kumhosva. Izvi zvinoda kuti munhu anofungidzirwa kuti aiziva nezvekwakabva mari kana zvinhu.
Kushambadzira mari nenzira yetsika inzira yakakomba, umo munhu anodzokorora kushambadzira mari kakawanda, uye nokudaro maitiro acho anobuda. Mumiriri weparamende anoona kuvanza mari kana zvinhu nenzira yakarongwa semhosva huru, iyo inogona kupiwa chirango chakakwirira. Kushambadzira mari nemaune uye kwetsika imhosva dzemhosva dzinogona kukonzera mitongo yakareba mujeri uye faindi huru. Saka zvakakosha kuti ubvunze gweta rine ruzivo nekukurumidza kana uchifungirwa kuti une nzira idzi dzekushambadzira mari.
Kudzivirira kubiwa kwemari: chii chaungaita iwe pachako?
Kudzivirira kushambadza mari kunotanga nekungwarira kutengeserana kusingawanzoitiki. Masangano emari, magweta, vamiririri vezvivakwa nevamwe vanopa mabasa vanosungirwa nemutemo kuzivisa kutengeserana kusingafungidzike kana kusingawanzoitiki kuFinancial Intelligence Unit (FIU). Zvisinei, vanhu vega nevanozvishandira vanogonawo kubatsira kudzivirira kushambadza mari nekuziva uye kushuma kuyerera kwemari kusingafungidzike.
Kutungamira kwakanaka uye pachena nezvekwakabva midziyo kwakakosha. Iva nechokwadi chekuti unogona kuratidza kwakabva mari yako kana zvinhu zvako, uye gara wakangwarira kutengeserana kusingaenderane nemabasa ako ebhizinesi kana mamiriro emari. Kunyora mutemo wekutevedzera mitemo zvakanaka, uchibatsirwa negweta rine hunyanzvi, kunobatsira kuderedza njodzi yekubviswa kwemari uye kuve nechokwadi chekutevedzera mitemo. Nenzira iyi, haungozvidzivirire chete, asiwo unobatsirawo mukuvimbika kwehurongwa hwemari.
Basa remashoko neuchapupu munyaya yekutsvaira mari
VePublic Prosecution Service vanofanira kupa chokwadi nemamiriro ezvinhu anoratidza fungidziro yakakura yekubiwa kwemari. Ipapo ndipo chete paunogona kutarisirwa kuti, semunhu anofungidzirwa, upe chirevo nezvekwakabva chinhu chacho pamutemo. Chirevo ichi hachifanirwe kunge chisingafungidzike pachine nguva uye chinofanira kusimbiswa kusvika pamwero wakati; hazvina kukwana kushandisa kodzero yekunyarara.
Kana usingape chirevo kana kupa chirevo chisina kujeka, mutongi anogona kufunga nezvazvo pakuongorora humbowo. Zvisinei, kuramba wakanyarara hakusi mhosva uye hakugone kushandiswa sehumbowo hwemhosva. Pamusoro pezvo, mamwe mabasa, akadai sekuvanza kana kuvanza, anofanira kutsanangurwa zvakadzama mupomero. Chekupedzisira, chinhu hachifanirwe kubva kumhosva chete; mari shoma nemari yematsotsi yakakwanawo kuti munhu apiwe mhosva yekuchenesa mari.
Zvirango zvinogona kuitika uye migumisiro
Zvirango zvekubiridzira mari zvakanyanya uye zvinoenderana nekukomba uye rudzi rwemhosva yacho:
- Kubiridzira mari nemaune: anorangwa nemutongo wejeri wemakore matanhatu kana faindi yechikamu chechishanu.
- Negligent kushambidza mari: anorangwa nemutongo wejeri wemakore maviri kana faindi yechikamu chechishanu.
- Tsika yekubiridzira mari: izvi zvine mutongo wekugara mujeri kwenguva refu unosvika makore masere kana faindi yechikamu chechishanu; kushambidza mari kakawanda kana kurongeka kune mutongo wakakura.
- Kubvisa zvikwereti zviri nyore: anorangwa nemutongo wemwedzi mitatu mujeri kana faindi yechikamu chechina.
Migumisiro yekuwanikwa uine mhosva yekubvisa mari yakawandisa. Hauzovi nemhosva chete, asi gwaro rekutorwa kwemari rinogonawo kuiswa. Izvi zvinoreva kuti ungasungirwa kubhadhara mubereko kana mari yawakawana. Pamusoro pezvo, kutorwa kwemari kunogona kuitika uye mari, mota, zvivakwa nezvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kutorwa. Saka migumisiro yepamutemo neyemari yakakura.
Sei zvichikosha kudaidza gweta rine hunyanzvi?
Nyaya dzekubvisa mari dzakaoma pamutemo uye dzinoda ruzivo rwemutemo wezvemhosva nemitemo yemari. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, zvakakosha kubata magweta ezvemhosva ane hunyanzvi nekukasika. Gweta rakanaka rinogona kukupa rubatsiro rwakanakisisa. Zvakakosha kuti gweta rakanaka riongorore nyaya yacho zvakakwana uye rikwidze nyaya yacho munguva yakakodzera kana zvichidikanwa, kuitira kuti ripe mukana wakanaka wekuwana mhinduro yakanaka.
Gweta rine ruzivo rwekushambidza mari rinogona:
- Dzivirira kodzero dzako panguva yekuferefeta kwemhosva.
- Ndipei mazano ekutaura uye kushandisa kodzero yenyu yekunyarara.
- Ipa rutsigiro mukunyora chirevo chinonzwisisika.
- Kutarisira kutaurirana nePublic Prosecution Service neFinancial Intelligence Unit.
- Iva nechokwadi chekuti nyaya yako yabatwa nokungwarira uye nekutarisa zvakadzama.
mhedziso
Kufungirwa kuti une mhosva yekubvisa mari zvisiri pamutemo zvinoreva kuti uri kupomerwa mhosva yekuvanza kana kuviga mavambo emhosva yemari kana zvinhu. Imhosva huru ine mitongo yakaoma uye migumisiro yakakura. Dhipatimendi rePublic Prosecution Service harifanirwe kuratidza mhosva yacho, asi rinofanira kutsigira fungidziro yakakura yekubvisa mari zvisiri pamutemo.
Kana uchifungirwa kuti une mhosva yekubvisa mari, zvakakosha kuti ubvunze gweta rematsotsi nekukurumidza, remekedza kodzero yako yekunyarara uye usataure zvisina musoro. Tsananguro inonzwisisika inogona kuita mutsauko mukuru, asi inofanira kugadzirirwa nokungwarira nerubatsiro rwemutemo.
Uri kufungirwa kuti uri kuburitsa mari here kana kuti wakagamuchira tsamba yekukokwa kubvunzurudzwa nemapurisa? Saka taura nemagweta emhosva pa Law & More nekukurumidza sezvinobvira. Tichakubatsira nehunyanzvi, kuzvipira uye kutarisirwa kwako pachako mukati mehurongwa hwese.
Mibvunzo inowanzo bvunzwa nezve kushambidza mari
Zvinorevei kufungirwa kuti uri kuburitsa mari?
Kufungirwa kuti une mhosva yekubvisa mari zvinoreva kuti uri kupomerwa mhosva yekuvanza, kuviga kana kushandisa chinhu chawaiziva kana chaunofanira kunge wakafungidzira kuti chakabva pamhosva. Mhosva yacho haifanirwe kusimbiswa zvakananga.
Ndinofanira kutaura chimwe chinhu here?
Hamusungirwi kutaura chero chinhu. Mune kodzero yekunyarara. Zvisinei, munotarisirwa kupa tsananguro inonzwisisika kana Public Prosecution Service yaratidza kuti pane fungidziro ine musoro yekuburitsa mari muchivande.
Ndezvipi zvirango zvinogona kupiwa?
Kubvisa mari muchivande kunogona kutungamira mukutongwa kwejeri kwemakore anosvika masere, faindi uye mirairo yekutorwa. Kukosha kwechirango kunoenderana nerudzi rwekubvisa mari muchivande uye mamiriro ezvinhu enyaya yacho.
Ndingaitei kana ndikakokwa kubvunzurudzo yemapurisa?
Bata gweta rine hunyanzvi nekukasika. Usataure chero chinhu usina zano remutemo uye shandisa kodzero yako yekunyarara.
