Dare reDunhu reHague, 7 Chikunguru 2026, ECLI:NL:RBDHA:2026:18633, nhamba yenyaya 12156440 \ RP VERZ 26-50366.
Mushandirwi anofungidzira kuti mushandi ari kushanda maawa mashoma pane akabvumiranwa anofanira kuita nokungwarira. Kuongorora ruzivo rwekupinda nekubuda pachivande hakubvumirwi otomatiki, uye kunyangwe ruzivo rwakadaro ruchiratidza kusawirirana, izvi hazvingori humbowo hwakakwana hwekudzingwa basa. Musi wa7 Chikunguru 2026, dare redunhu reThe Hague rakatonga panyaya iyi mumutongo wakakodzera mushandirwi wese achifunga nezvekushandiswa kwezvishandiso zvekutarisa zvedhijitari.
Chokwadi
Mushandi uyu akashanda kubva mugore ra2022 neEControls Europe BV, kambani yetekinoroji iri muDelfgauw, nguva pfupi yadarika ari mubasa rekutungamira mubazi rezvemari. Muzhizha ra2025, mumwe wevashandi ava akarapwa kenza yemazamu. Nekubvumirana kwemaneja, mushandi uyu akazoshanda ari kumba kakawanda, chimwe chikamu chebasa rake kuti atarisire vana vavo vaviri vadiki. Kushanda kwake kwakaongororwa zvakanaka panguva yekuongororwa kwevashandi, uye pakutanga kwa2026 akatowedzerwa mari yake.
Gare gare, mushandirwi akatanga kusava nechokwadi nezvekuzvipira kwake. Chinokonzeresa kuzvipira kwacho kwaive tsamba mbiri dzekuyeuchidza, imwe yakabva kuakaunti uye imwe yakabva kuStatistics Netherlands (CBS), pamusoro pemabasa asina kutarisirwa ekutonga. Pasina kutanga abvunza mushandi kuti atsanangure, mushandirwi akapedza mwedzi wese achiongorora data rekupinda nekubuda muakaundi yake yemushandisi panetwork yekambani. Pachikonzero ichi, mushandirwi akagumisa kuti mushandi akanga ashanda maawa makumi maviri nemapfumbamwe pasi pezvakabvumiranwa, uye akadzingwa basa nekuda kwekushaikwa kwemaawa ekushanda uye kusataura chokwadi nemushandirwi nezveizvi.
Hapana hwaro hwakakwana hweGDPR
Nekuongorora ruzivo rwekupinda nekubuda, mushandirwi aigadzirisa ruzivo rwemushandi. Kugadzirisa kwakadaro kunoda hwaro hwepamutemo pasi peGDPR. Muhukama hwebasa, kuvimba nezvido zvepamutemo ndiyo sarudzo iri pachena, asi izvi zvinoda zvinopfuura kungoda kwemushandirwi kuti atarisire. Mushandirwi anofanira kukwanisa kuratidza kufarira kwakasimba uye kuripo iye zvino, kuti kugadzirisa kwacho kunodiwa kuti ashumire chido ichocho, uye kuti zvido zvemushandi nekodzero dzake hazvipfuure izvozvo.
Kutarisa kutevedzera marongero ebasa kunogona kureva kuti mushandirwi anofanira kutevedzera zvinodiwa nemutemo. Zvisinei, muchiitiko ichi, tsamba mbiri dzekuyeuchidza dzakanga dzisina kukwana pachinangwa ichocho. Hadzina kutaura nezvekushomeka kwemaawa uye dzakapa mushandi mukana wekuzadzisa mabasa ake ekutonga. Saka pakanga pasina hwaro hwakakwana hwekugadzirisa nyaya iyi: yakanga isiri nyaya yechokwadi chakasimbiswa kana kuti fungidziro chaiyo, asi chiratidzo chisina kunanga chakashandurirwa, pasina kutaurirana nemushandi, kuita kuferefeta kwakavanzika.
Pamusoro pezvo, mushandi aisaziva kuti data rake rekupinda nekubuda rinogona kushandiswa pakuongorora rudzi urwu. Mutemo webasa repamba, uyo wakanga uchangobva kugadzwa, hauna kupa hwaro hwakajeka hweizvi futi. Vashandi vanofanira kukwanisa kunzwisisa kuti data ripi riri kuunganidzwa, chinangwa chei, uye mamiriro api ezvinhu anogona kutariswa. Chokwadi chekuti kushanda uri kumba kwaibvumidzwa zvakajeka, chimwe chikonzero nekuda kwemamiriro emushandi, chinoita kuti kusajeka kuve kwakakosha: ndizvo chaizvo zvakaita kuti mushandirwi aifanira kunge akajekesa pachine nguva zvaitarisirwa maererano nemaawa ekushanda, kuwanikwa, uye chero kunyoreswa kwenguva.
Kutarisa kwacho kwakanga kusiri kwakaenzana kana kuti kwakabatana
Kunyangwe dai mushandirwi aive nepfungwa dzakakodzera, kutarisa kwaizofanira kunge kwakaenzana: kukomba uye huwandu hwekupindira mukuchengetedzwa kwekuchengetedzwa kwevashandi hunofanira kunge hwakaenzana nechikonzero, uye chinangwa, chekuferefeta. Kuenzana ikoko kwaisavapo pano. Mushandirwi akaongorora data remushandi mumwe chete kwemwedzi wese, asina kumuzivisa pachine nguva kana kutanga akumbira tsananguro, nepo paive nechikonzero chidiki uye chisina kunanga chekuita izvozvo. Uyezve, mushandi aishanda zvakanaka, achangobva kuwedzerwa mari, uye kushanda ari kumba kwakabvumidzwa nechibvumirano chemaneja.
Mushandirwi aifanirawo kuongorora kana chinangwa chimwe chete ichi chaigona kuzadzikiswa nenzira dzisina kupindira zvakanyanya - iyo inonzi bvunzo yekubatsira vashandi. Munguva yekunzwa, maneja akataura kuti hurukuro nemushandi yakanga yadziviswa nemaune, nekuti mushandirwi aitya kuti aizogadzirisa maitiro ake kana angoziva nezvekuferefeta. Dare reCantonal harina kuwana ichi chikonzero chinogutsa. Kugadzirisa maitiro asina kunaka ndiwo chaiwo mhedzisiro iyo mushandirwi anofanira kuda kuita kuburikidza nekukurukurirana, yambiro, kana chirongwa chekuvandudza. Nekurega izvi nemaune uye kusarudza nekukurumidza kuongororwa pachivande, mushandirwi akashandisa danho rakawandisa asina kutanga aedza dzimwe nzira dzisingapindiri zvakanyanya.
Ruzivo rwekupinda nekubuda haruratidzi otomatiki kuti mumwe munhu haana kushanda
Pamusoro pezvo, dare reCantonal rakaona kuti data iri harina kunyatsogutsa. Kusapinda mu network yekambani hazvirevi kuti mumwe munhu haasi kushanda. Basa remushandi raisanganisirawo kuongorora, kuronga, kubvunzana, kutarisira uye kutaura nefoni - mabasa asingade kubatana ne network. Kupinda nekubuda mu data rekodhi system, kwete zvese zvinoitwa nemunhu pabasa.
Dare reCantonal rakaona kuti zvinogoneka kuti kushanda pasina internet kwakatsanangura chikamu chemusiyano, asi kwete mutsauko wese wemaawa makumi maviri nemanomwe mukati memavhiki mana nehafu. Kunyangwe zvakadaro, mutsauko weavhareji weinopfuura awa imwe chete pazuva rekushanda wakanga usina kukwana kugumisa kuti mumaumbirwo, maawa mashoma akashanda pane akabvumiranwa. Kazhinji, data raive chiratidzo, kwete humbowo hwakakwana hwekutadza kwakanyanya kana kunyengera nemaune.
Kutyorwa kweGDPR nekudzingwa basa hazvisi zvinhu zvakasiyana
Kusava pamutemo kwekugadzirisa data hakurevi kuti kushandiswa kwedata iroro mumabasa ekudzingwa kwakabviswa, asi kwakakanganisa zvakanyanya kuvimbika uye kunyengetedza kwekuferefeta. Mushandirwi akaisa kudzingwa basa zvakanyanya padata rakaunganidzwa pasina ruzivo rwakajeka rwekare, rakaongororwa pasina chikonzero chaicho chakabatana nekushaikwa kwemaawa, rakawanikwa kuburikidza nenzira yekudzora yakawandisa, uye iro rakapa mufananidzo mudiki webasa chairo rakaitwa. Pasina kuferefeta kwakawedzerwa, pasina mushandi kunzwiwa, uye pasina mienzaniso chaiyo yebasa risina kuitwa, hapana chikonzero chekukurumidzira chekudzingwa basa chaigona kuwanikwa kubva pane izvi. Saka kutyorwa kweGDPR kwaisava nyaya yekuvanzika yakasiyana, asi chikamu chekusagadzirira kwakakwana uye kusimbiswa kwekudzingwa basa kwacho.
Mutongo uyu unoenderana nemutemo wenyaya dzakafanana
Dare reCantonal muThe Hague harisi roga panyaya iyi. Kare muna 2017, European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) yakagadzira, munyaya yakakurukurwa zvakanyanya yaBărbulescu v. Romania (ECtHR 5 Gunyana 2017, nhamba 61496/08), hurongwa hwekuongorora kwevashandirwi hunoramba huchipesvedzera pamutemo wenyaya dzeDutch. ECtHR yakati, pakuongorora kutarisa kwevashandi nedhijitari, panofanira kutariswa, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu: kana mushandi akange aziviswa pachine nguva nezve mukana wekutarisa, kuti kutarisa kwacho kwaive kwakakura uye kwakapindira sei, kana mushandirwi aive nechikonzero chechokwadi chekutarisa, kana nzira dzisina kupindira zvakanyanya dzaivepo, kuti kutarisa kwacho kwaive nemigumisiro ipi kumushandi, uye kana dziviriro yakakwana yakapihwa.
Iyi nzira yekuongorora yakadzokororwa, semuenzaniso, mutongo wa2021 weCentral Netherlands District Court (ECLI:NL:RBMNE:2021:6071). Muchiitiko ichocho, mushandirwi aitarisa kushandiswa kweemail kwemushandi mushure mezviratidzo zviviri zvemukati, pasina kujeka kuti kutarisa uku kwaive kwakashata sei kana kuti mushandi akange aziviswa pachine nguva nezve mukana wekutarisa. Nekuti mushandirwi akatadza kupa pachena zvakakwana nezveizvi, dare reCantonal harina kukwanisa kuona kana zvinodiwa zveBărbulescu zvakazadzikiswa, kana kuti zvakawanikwa nekuferefeta zvaive zvakazvimirira pakutarisisa kusiri pamutemo. Chikumbiro chekugumiswa kwechibvumirano chebasa chakatopera nekuda kwekushaikwa kwekujeka uku. Dambudziko rimwe chete rinomuka munyaya yeEControls: ipapo zvakare, pachena nezvemutemo wekutarisa kwaive kusina, uye mushandirwi akange asingakwanisi kuratidza kuti kutarisa kwaive kwakaenzana uye kwakabatana nechikonzero chaicho.
Kuti kutarisa kwedhijitari hakusi kusiri pamutemo kunoratidzwa nemutongo wechangobva kuitwa neNorth Holland District Court we12 Zvita 2025 (ECLI:NL:RBNHO:2025:14471). Muchiitiko ichocho, mushandirwi akatanga kuferefeta IT kumushandi mushure mekunge atyisidzira kuburitsa data rekambani kunze uye mumwe waanoshanda naye akashuma kuti IT inogona kushandiswa zvisirizvo. Dare reCantonal rakatonga kuti iyi yakanga isiri nzira yekubata hove isina kunangwa, asi kuferefeta kwakasimba uye kwazvino, kuitira kuti zvakawanikwa zvigone kuvimbwa nazvo kuti zvibvumire kubviswa kwemhosva. Kusiyana nenyaya yeEControls kunoratidza: nepo muThe Hague tsamba mbiri chete dzechiyeuchidzo dzakaita hwaro, munyaya yeNorth Holland kwaive nezviratidzo zvechokwadi, zvemazuva ano uye zvakakomba zvinobva zvakananga kubva kumushandi iye pachake uye kubva kumushandi pamwe chete.
Chekupedzisira, nekuda kwehumbowo munyaya dzekudzingwa basa, zvakakosha kuti Dare Repamusorosoro, musi wa13 Kurume 2026 (ECLI:NL:HR:2026:409), rakasimbisa kuti dare rinotora mutongo waro pakudzingwa basa zvishoma nezvishoma zvichibva pahumbowo hwedhijitari, hwakaita semifananidzo yekamera, rinofanira kuve nechokwadi chekuti mushandi akwanisa kuona zvinhu izvozvo uye kutaura nezvazvo. Kana izvi zvikasaitika, pane kutyorwa kwemutemo wekuti audi alteram partem uye kuenzana kwezvombo pasi peChikamu 19(1) cheDutch Code of Civil Procedure neChikamu 6 ECHR. Pfungwa iyi inokoshawo apo mushandirwi, sezviri munyaya yeEControls, anotora kudzingwa basa zvichibva padata rekupinda nekubuda: pano zvakare, mushandi anofanira kupihwa mukana wechokwadi wekuona nekupikisa humbowo ihwohwo dare risati ratora mutongo waro.
Hapana chikonzero chekukurumidzira chekudzingwa basa
Kudzingwa basa kwemushandi kunoda chikonzero chekukurumidzira mukati mezvinorehwa neChikamu 7:677(1) neChikamu 7:678(1) cheDutch Civil Code. Chikonzero chakadaro chinofanira kugamuchirwa nekudzora kukuru uye chinofanira kubva pachokwadi chine humbowo; mutoro wekutaura uye humbowo uri pamushandirwi. Muchiitiko ichi, pakanga pasina hwaro hwakakwana hweizvi. Mushandirwi haana kutanga abvunza mushandi kuti atsanangure, akanga avimba neruzivo rwakaunganidzwa pachivande, akanga akundikana kufunga zvakakwana nezvebasa rakaitwa kunze kwekambani, akanga asina kupa yambiro kana mukana wekuvandudza, uye akanga asina kupa huremu hwakakwana kumamiriro emushandi pachake. Dare reCantonal rakatonga kuti kudzingwa basa kwemushandi kwaisakodzera, uye kuti mushandirwi aifanira kutanga ashandisa matanho asinganyanyi kupindira.
Migumisiro yemari kune mushandirwi
Nekuti kudzingwa basa kwakanga kusina kupihwa nemazvo, mushandirwi akarayirwa kubhadhara mhando dzakasiyana dzemuripo: muripo wekuchinja basa, muripo wekubviswa basa zvisina kurongeka, uye muripo wakarurama (billijke vergoeding) we60,000 euros, zvichienderana nemuhoro wemwedzi mitanhatu. Pakuona huwandu hwemuripo wakarurama, dare reCantonal rakafunga kuti mushandi wacho akanga atarisana, kubva pazuva rimwe kusvika kune rinotevera, nechirango chakanyanya kuoma pasi pemutemo webasa, nepo akanga achiita zvakanaka uye mushandirwi asina kutevedzera maitiro ekutanga akanyatsojeka. Mari dzakashandiswa nemushandirwi achipesana nemari yakatarwa yepamutemo dzakadzoserwawo.
Zvidzidzo zvinoshanda zveHR nemanejimendi
Mutongo uyu unopa zvidzidzo zvakawanda zvakajeka zvekudzidzira. Paunenge uchibvumira vashandi kushanda vari kumba, ronga zvakajeka pachine nguva nezvemaawa ekushanda, kuwanikwa, kubuda kwebasa uye chero kunyoresa kwemaawa, uye nyora pachena kuti ndeapi data redhijitari rakaunganidzwa, chinangwa chei, uye kuti ringaongororwa riini. Usashandise data resystem senge nguva dzekupinda nekubuda senzira yekuzvisarudzira kuvapo kana kushanda, asi sechikamu chekuferefeta kwakanyatsojeka. Kana paine kusava nechokwadi nezvekuzvipira kwemushandi, HR inofanira kutanga yaita hurukuro, kukumbira mushandi tsananguro, uye kufunga nezvematanho asinganyanyi kupindira, akadai sekunyoresa kwenguva pfupi, yambiro, kana chirongwa chekuvandudza. Ongorora chero nzira yakatarwa yekutarisa pachine nguva zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nemutemo, zvinodiwa, kuenzana uye kutsigira. Kana zviratidzo chaizvo zvikaramba zviripo mushure mekunge mushandi anzwikwa ndipo panogona kufungwa nezvechirango - tisingatauri nezvekudzingwa basa -.
Pakurongwa kwekugadzirisa ruzivo rwemunhu, uye kwezvivakwa zvine chekuita nekutarisa kuvapo, maitiro kana mashandiro evashandi, kodzero yekanzuru yemabasa yekubvumidza pasi peChinyorwa 27(1) cheDutch Works Councils Act (WOR) inoshandawo. Mushandirwi anoda kuunza hurongwa hwakadaro kana sisitimu yekutarisa angaita zvakanaka kuongorora pachine nguva kana mvumo yekanzuru yemabasa ichidikanwa, uye, kana zvichidikanwa, kuwana mvumo iyoyo kana kutsiva mvumo kubva kudare redunhu asati ashandisa chiyero ichi.
Izvi zvinorevei mukuita
Kutarisa vashandi pachivande kunodzivirirwa chete kana kuchitevedzera misimboti yeChikamu 5 cheGDPR, kusanganisira kuve pamutemo, kuve pachena, kuganhurira chinangwa uye kuderedza data, uye kunobva pahwaro hwepamutemo hwakanyorwa muChikamu 6 cheGDPR. Chinyorwa 88 cheGDPR chinobvumira mukana wemitemo chaiyo yekugadzirisa data muhukama hwebasa, asi hachipe cheki isina chinhu yekutarisa pachivande. Kutarisa kunofanirawo kuve kwakakosha uye kwakaenzana, uye nzira dzisina kupindira dzinofanira kutanga dzafungwa. Data rakaunganidzwa zvisiri pamutemo, kana kushandiswa kune chinangwa chakasiyana pane chakatarisirwa, rinogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya hwaro hwechirango chemutemo webasa - zvechokwadi kudzingwa basa - uye kutungamira kunjodzi huru dzekuchengetedzwa kweruzivo uye mutemo webasa.
Chidzidzo chikuru kubva munyaya iyi hachisi chekuti kutarisa kwedhijitari hakumbobvumirwi, asi kuti kunongodzivirirwa chete kana mushandirwi achigona kuona chinangwa chaicho, osarudza nzira isinganyanyi kupindira, uye ozivisa mushandi nezvazvo pachena pachine nguva. Muchiitiko ichi, mushandirwi akakundikana pamhosva dzose nhatu: chikonzero chacho chakanga chisina kunyatsojeka, kutarisa kwacho kwakanga kwakanyanyisa kupindira, uye dzimwe nzira dzisina kusvika kure dzakanga dzisina kushandiswa.
Mibvunzo inowanzobvunzwa
Mushandirwi angangotarisa ruzivo rwemushandi rwekupinda nekubuda kwake here?
Kwete. Mushandirwi anogona chete kugadzirisa rudzi urwu rweruzivo rwemunhu kana paine kufarira kuri pamutemo mukati mezvinorehwa neGDPR, uye kana kupindira mukuchengetedzwa kwemushandi kwakaenzana uye kuchidikanwa. Pamusoro pezvo, mushandi anofanira kuziva pachine nguva kuti kutarisa kwakadaro kunogona kuitika, semuenzaniso kuburikidza nemutemo wakanyatsotaurwa. Kana izvi zvisipo, kuferefeta kunokurumidza kutyorwa mutemo, sezviri munyaya iyi.
Musiyano uripo pakati pekusapinda muakaundi nekusashanda ndeupi?
Kusapinda mukambani hazvirevi kuti mushandi haana kushanda. Mabasa mazhinji anosanganisirawo mabasa asingade kubatana nekombiyuta, akadai sekubvunzana, kuongorora kana kutarisirwa. Dare reCantonal rinosimbisa kuti ruzivo rwekupinda nekubuda mukambani runogona kupa chiratidzo, asi haruna humbowo hwakakwana hwekushomeka kwemaawa ekushanda.
Mushandirwi anogona here kudzinga basa nekuda kwekufungira kuti pane chimwe chinhu chaanoda?
Kwete. Kudzingwa basa kwepamutemo kunoda chikonzero chekukurumidzira, chinofanira kusimbiswa uye kuratidzwa nemushandirwi. Dare rinoshandisa kudzora kukuru pakuongorora izvi. Kufungira, kwakavakirwa pauchapupu husina kukwana kana hwakawanikwa zvisiri pamutemo, hakuna kukwana. Uyezve, mushandirwi anofanira kutanga afunga nezvematanho akareruka, akadai sekukurukurirana, yambiro kana hurongwa hwekuvandudza, asati asarudza chirango chakanyanya kuipa chinopihwa nemutemo webasa.
Mushandi angawana muripo upi mushure mekudzingwa basa zvisina chikonzero?
Kana kudzingwa basa zvikaonekwa kuti hakuna kupihwa nemazvo, mushandi anogona kukumbira muripo wekuchinja basa, muripo wekudzingwa basa zvisina kurongeka wakaenzana nemuhoro munguva yekuzivisa, uye muripo wakakodzera. Huwandu hwemuripo wakakodzera hunoenderana nemamiriro ese ezvinhu munyaya yacho, kusanganisira mwero wemhosva yemushandirwi uye mhedzisiro yekudzingwa basa kwemushandi.
Mushandirwi anogona here kuwedzera kuongororwa kwebasa rake rechikoro?
Kwete pasina zvimwe. Kana kushandira uri kumba kuchibvumidzwa, izvi hazvirevi kuti mushandirwi anogona kuita mamwe mabasa ekutarisira pachivande kana kuti ekuwedzera. Zvirongwa zvine chekuita nemaawa ekushanda, kuwanikwa kwebasa, zvinobuda uye chero kunyoresa zvinofanirwa kunyorwa zvakajeka pachine nguva uye kukurukurwa nevashandi. Kuwedzera kwekutarisa kunofanirawo kuva nechikonzero chaicho uye hakufaniri kupfuura zvinodiwa.
Chii chinofanira kuitwa nemushandirwi kana paine kusava nechokwadi nezvemaawa ekushanda?
Dare rinotaura zvakajeka dzimwe nzira dzisinganyanyi kupindira, dzakadai sekuita hurukuro, kuchengeta nguva dzakashanda, kupa yambiro, kana kutanga hurongwa hwekuvandudza. Kana matanho aya akatadza kupa mhedzisiro yakakwana, uye paine zviratidzo zvechokwadi, ndipo panogona kutariswa kumwezve, zvichienderana nezvinodiwa neGDPR.
Ko nzira dzese dzekutarisa mushandi paindaneti dziri pamutemo here?
Kwete. Kutarisa kwedhijitari kunogona kururamiswa kana mushandirwi achigona kuratidza kuti paive nechinokonzera chaicho uye chiripo, senge kutyisidzira chaiko kana mushumo wemukati wekushandiswa zvisina kunaka, uye kuti wakaita zvinoenderana nemisimboti yekuenzana uye yekubatsira. Izvi zvinoratidzwa, semuenzaniso, nemutongo weNorth Holland District Court wa12 Zvita 2025 (ECLI:NL:RBNHO:2025:14471), umo kuferefeta kweIT kwakakonzerwa nekutyisidzira chaiko uye mushumo wemukati kwakawanikwa kuri pamutemo, uye zvakawanikwa zvacho zvakabvumidzwa kuva hwaro hwekudzingwa basa kwechinguvana.
mhedziso
Mutongo uyu unojekesa kuti data rekutarisa redhijitari haringoshandiswi sehumbowo hwekushomeka kwemaawa. Mushandirwi anotarisa pachivande, asina chikonzero chakajeka kana ruzivo rwekare, anotarisana nenjodzi yekuti kuferefeta nekudzingwa basa zvichibva pairi hazvizomira. Saka nzira yakachengeteka ndeye: ongorora zviratidzo nokungwarira, tanga wakurukura, uye ipapo chete, kana zvichidikanwa, sarudza chiyero chakakodzera uye chakaenzana chekutarisa.
