Rubatsiro pasi pemutemo wekutonga weDutch: mubairo, zvisungo, kugadziriswa, kubviswa uye kudzoserwa

Mari yeDutch neyeEU inosvika kumakambani, mayunivhesiti nemasangano asiri epurofiti ane mazita akawanda - mari yekubatsira, mupiro, mari yekubatsira, mari yekubatsirana, uye hunyanzvi hwekukweretesa. Mitemo yakawanda yacho, mumutemo, chinhu chimwe chete: rubatsiro rwemari . Kurongwa ikoko kunounza mutemo wepamutemo unobvumira sangano rinobhadhara kuderedza mari yacho makore akazotevera uye kudzosa zvarakatumira.

Chii chinoonekwa serubatsiro pamutemo

Art. 4:21 Awb (Algemene wet bestuursrecht, General Administrative Law Act ) inotsanangura rubatsiro sekodzero yekuwana mari, inopihwa nesangano rinotonga rine chinangwa chemamwe mabasa emunyoreri, kunze kwekunge kuri kubhadhara zvinhu kana masevhisi anopiwa kusangano iroro. Zvinhu zvina zvinoita basa iri: kodzero yekuwana mari; inopihwa nesangano rinotonga - hushumiri, RVO, dunhu, kanzuru, kanzuru yekutsvagisa, kana sangano rakazvimirira rinoshandisa simba rehurumende; rakabatana nemabasa anofanira kuitwa nemugamuchiri; kwete kubhadhara izvo sangano riri kuzvitengera. Chinhu chekupedzisira ichocho ndicho mutsetse uri pakati perubatsiro nekutenga.

Chinyorwa chimwe chete ichi chinoisa mitero nemimwe mipiro yekuchengetedzwa kwevanhu kunze kwechinyorwa, uye hachibatanidzi mari inopihwa pasi pemutemo unongopa vanhu vepamutemo vehurumende chete. Chinoshandisa zita racho nekuenzanisa nemari yedzidzo netsvagiridzo, ndosaka mayunivhesiti nemasangano ekutsvagisa ari mukati mehurongwa uhwu kunyangwe mari yavo yekutsigira ichinzi chimwe chinhu.

Sei chinyorwa chiri pamapepa chisingasarudze

Kurongwa kwacho hakuna kusarura, saka Musoro 4.2 Awb unoshanda pachisarudzo chine musoro unoti "bijdrage", "vergoeding" kana "grant agreement" zvisinei nekuti chirongwa chacho chakataura izvozvo here kana kuti kwete. Migumisiro miviri inotevera. Hukama hwacho hausi hwechibvumirano: mubairo wacho chisarudzo chemunhu mumwe chete, chinogona kupikiswa nekuramba nekukwidza nyaya, uye hachidzokororwe. Uye "chibvumirano" chakasainwa pamwe chete nacho chibvumirano chinoshanda pasi pechinyorwa 4:36 Awb, chinoita chisarudzo pane kuchitsiva.

Zvinodiwa zvemutemo, uye zvazvisingabatanidzwi

Art. 4:23 Awb inoda kuti rubatsiro ruve pane zvakatemwa nemutemo unotsanangura mabasa angapihwa. Zvisizvo zvacho zvidiki: mubairo uchimirira kugamuchirwa kwemutemo wakadaro, mumwe wakavakirwa zvakananga pachirongwa cheEU, mumwe kune anogamuchira uye huwandu hwakatarwa mubhajeti, uye mubairo wepakarepo kune vanogamuchira vashoma. Kana paine musiyano wakashandiswa, dziviriro dzechivakwa - denga rakaburitswa, nzira yekugovera, denderedzwa rekunyorera - zvinogona kunge zvisipo.

Gwaro rechirongwa ndipo panoitika nyaya dzematare: AWB ndiyo inoronga hurongwa, chirongwa chinotara mari inokodzera, nguva yekupedzisira, mabasa ekuzivisa nezvebasa uye tsananguro yechiitiko chacho. Hofisi yega yega ine mitemo yayo yehurongwa, saka chirevo chemubereki chinokoshawo.

Madenga, chinzvimbo uye hurongwa hwakafanana nehunyoro

Art. 4:22 Awb inotsanangura muganho werubatsiro semuganho wepamusoro unowanikwa pasi pemutemo munguva yakatarwa. Art. 4:25 Awb inoda kuti itemwe nemutemo kana pasi pemutemo uye inomanikidza muviri kuramba chikumbiro kusvika padanho rayo raigona kudarika - basa, kwete sarudzo. Art. 4:26 Awb inoda kuti nzira yekugovera itaurirwe kana muganho waiswa. Nzira nhatu dzinotonga:

• Odha yekugamuchira. Zuva ra yose Chikumbiro chinogamuchirwa, saka chikumbiro cherumwe ruzivo pasi pechinyorwa. 4:5 Awb chinogona kukutorera mari.
• Kurongwa zvichienderana nemhando. Zvikumbiro zvinopihwa mamakisi zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zvakaburitswa uye zvinotsiviwa kusvika padanho repamusoro rasvika — senge zita chete, uye zvinotongwa zvinoenderana nazvo: zvinodiwa zvinofanirwa kushandiswa sezvakabudiswa, uye zvikanganiso hazvigone kugadziriswa mushure mezuva rekupedzisira. Chikumbiro ndicho chakadaro; zvese zvingarema muviri zvinofanira kunge zvavepo panguva iyoyo.
• Kudhirowa nejenya. Inoshandiswa kana mafomu acho akafanana kana kuti panguva imwe chete. Zvinotenderwa, uye hazvigoneke kupikisa mhedzisiro yacho.

Chimiro chine matanho maviri chinobata vanhu vanenge vese

Rubatsiro rweDutch rwemhando ipi neipi runouya muzvisarudzo zviviri. Rubatsiro rwemari (mubairo) pasi pechinyorwa 4:29 Awb nerunotevera zvinogadzira kodzero ine miganhu, zvinotsanangura mabasa (chinyorwa 4:30 Awb) uye zvinotaura huwandu kana huwandu hwepamusoro (chinyorwa 4:31 Awb). Rubatsiro rwemari (kutsunga) pasi pechinyorwa 4:42 Awb nerunotevera zvinogadzirisa huwandu hwekupedzisira uye zvinogadzira kodzero yekubhadhara. Chinobata vagamuchiri mukaha: mari inobhadharwa mushure memubairo ifamberi pamari isati yagadziriswa. Haisati yawanikwa, uye inogona kudzoserwa.

Art. 4:44 Awb inotonga chikumbiro chekusarudza uye nguva yacho; kana chirongwa kana mubhadharo usingaise nguva, nguva yekusashanda ndeye mavhiki makumi maviri nemaviri mushure mekunge mabasa apera. Kana zvikasashanda, dare rinogona kusarudza rutsigiro rwechikumbiro charo pasi peArt. 4:47 Awb, zvichienderana neuchapupu hwainahwo.

Mabasa anobatanidzwa nerubatsiro

Art. 4:37 Awb inonyora zvisungo zvinogona kupihwa neboka pasina hwaro hwemutemo: rudzi nehukuru hwezviitiko, kutungamirirwa kwemari inoshandiswa, ruzivo rusati rwagadziriswa, kuchengetedzeka kwemari inobhadharwa, kuverenga mari inoshandiswa, uye kuongororwa kweakaunti. Art. 4:38 Awb inobvumira zvimwe zvisungo zvinoshandira chinangwa cherubatsiro; Art. 4:39 Awb inobvumira izvo zvisingaite, chete kana mutemo uchipa kudaro. Art. 4:41 Awb inogona kuda muripo kana zvinhu zvinotsigirwa nerubatsiro zvichitengeswa. Zvitatu zvinokonzera matambudziko ese:

• Kuita basa sezvakatsanangurwa. Purojekiti inongoerekana yapera - mumwe wako anosiya basa, purogiramu yebasa inobviswa, shanduko dzinogoneka - haisisiri basa rinotsigirwa nemari, uye mutsauko unobviswa.
• Kutungamira nekuchengetedza zvinyorwa. Zvirongwa zvinoda hutungamiriri hwepurojekiti iyo mabasa, maawa nemitengo zvinogona kusimbiswa chero nguva, zvichichengetwa kwenguva yakatarwa mushure mekusarudzwa. Basa iri ndere contemporaneous; kuvakwazve kwakagadzirwa mushure mezvo kunoderedzwa zvichienderana neizvi.
• Kuzivisa mamiriro ezvinhu akachinja. Chirongwa chinenge chega chega chinoda kuziviswa nekukurumidza kwechero chinhu chinokanganisa mubairo: kunonoka, shanduko muboka revanhu, kushandiswa kwakaderera, kumwe kubhadhara mari yemitengo yakafanana, kusakwanisa kubhadhara. Kukundikana kushuma pachako kutyora mutemo. Basa hariteveri zvakananga kubva kuAwb, iyo isingaise basa rekuzivisa: rinogadzirwa nechirongwa chaicho kana mutemo wehurongwa, kana kubatanidzwa kumubairo wacho sechisungo pasi pechinyorwa. 4:37 Awb.

Art. 5:20 Awb yakasiyana-siyana inomanikidza munhu wese kuti ashande pamwe chete nemutariri anoshanda mukati mesimba rake. Kuramba mukana panguva yekuongorora idambudziko rakasiyana, kwete chinzvimbo chekutaurirana.

Nguva dzekusarudza, uye zvekuita kana dzatadza

Chirongwa ichi chinowanzo tara nguva yekusarudza; kana isingadaro, art. 4:13 Awb inoda sarudzo mukati menguva yakakodzera. art. 4:14 Awb inomanikidza mutumbi kuzivisa kunonoka uye kupa zuva idzva; art. 4:15 Awb inomisa wachi apo ruzivo rwuri kumirira. Kana nguva ikapfuura, tumira chiziviso chakanyorwa chekusaita basa: art. 4:17 Awb inogona kuita kuti mutumbi uve nemhosva yekubhadhara chirango, uye art. 6:2 ne art. 6:12 Awb inotanga nyaya yekukwidza nyaya pamusoro pekukundikana kusarudza. Mukuita, chiziviso chinogadzirisa kunonoka kwakawanda.

Kugadziriswa, kubviswa uye chisarudzo chidiki

Iyo Awb inopa zvishandiso zvakasiyana-siyana, uye zvine basa kuti ndeipi inoshandiswa, nekuti nzvimbo nenguva zvinosiyana.

Cherechedza kusawirirana. Musati masarudza, muviri unogona kuderedza pane chero hunyanzvi. 4:46 Awb ground, kusanganisira kuti mitengo yakakodzera yakaderera. Mushure mezvo chinzvimbo chacho chakasimba zvikuru, nekuti hunyanzvi. 4:49 Awb yakamanikana uye ine nguva shoma. Kusvika pakusarudza kwakachena ndicho chinhu chakakosha zvikuru chinogona kuitwa nemugamuchiri.

Kudzoserwa kwemari yakatobhadharwa

Kuderedzwa kwemari chete hakubhadhare mari. Art. 4:57 Awb inobvumira muviri kuti udzore mari yerubatsiro nechikwereti chakabhadharwa pasina kodzero, nechisarudzo chakasiyana chekudzoserwa mari, uye unoipa makore mashanu kuti zvidaro. Nguva iyoyo inotangira pazuva rakatarwa rubatsiro kana, kana chikonzero chiri kutyorwa kwechisungo chakaitika mushure mekusarudzwa, kubva pazuva remutemo iwoyo. Kuwana mari yakawandisa kunonoka hakutangizve, ndosaka chisarudzo chakachena chakakosha. Musoro 4.4 Awb pazvikwereti zvemari zvehutungamiriri zvinotora nzvimbo, uye inzira chaiyo yekumanikidza:

• Chisungo chekubhadhara chinosimbiswa nesarudzo (art. 4:85 kusvika art. 4:96 Awb), nenguva yekubhadhara inotangira kubva pakuzivisa. Mubereko wepamutemo unounganidzwa otomatiki kana munhu ane chikwereti atadza kubhadhara (art. 4:97 kusvika art. 4:103 Awb); hapana chinodiwa chakasiyana.
• Mushure mekuyeuchidzwa (art. 4:112 uye art. 4:113 Awb) muviri unogona kupa gwaro rekuuraya uye kusimbisa pasina kuenda kudare (art. 4:114 kusvika art. 4:124 Awb). Muganho wechikwereti unowira pasi peart. 4:104 kusvika art. 4:111 Awb, uye art. 4:125 Awb inobatanidza mubereko, mari uye mitemo yekubhadhara kune chipikiso chekupikisa chisarudzo chikuru.

Nyaya zhinji dzinopesana dzine chekuita neuchapupu, kwete mutemo

Ongororo dzinowanikwa uye dzinorasika pahutungamiriri hwepurojekiti. Zvikonzero zvepamutemo hazviwanzopikiswi; chinopikiswa ndechekuti maawa nemari inotaurwa zvinogona here kutsigirwa. Kukundikana kwacho kunowanzo zivikanwa: maawa akanyorwa vhiki nevhiki munhamba dzakatenderedzwa; maawa akafanana akataurwa pamapurojekiti maviri; mapepa enguva asina purojekiti nebasa rakanyorwa; mwero wemihoro usingaonekwe pamuhoro; mari yakabhukwa kunze kwenguva yakakodzera.

Muna ABRvS 3 Kukadzi 2021, ECLI:NL:RVS:2021:215 , mugamuchiri anotsigirwa neERDF akazivisa maawa akafanana pamapurojekiti anopfuura rimwe chete; Dhipatimendi reHurumende reKutonga rakatsigira chisarudzo chakaderera pasi pechinyorwa. 4:46 Awb uye kugadziriswa kwesarudzo yekare pasi pechinyorwa. 4:49 Awb, nekudzoserwa. Mutemo wekushanda: kana munhu wekunze asingakwanise kutevera euro yakakumbirwa kubva mubhuku remari kuenda kumunhu, zuva, basa uye chiitiko chakatsigirwa nemari, tarisira kuti chirambidzwe.

Zvirongwa zveEU nemapurojekiti anotsigirwa nemari pamwe chete

Kana mari yacho yabva muchirongwa cheEU, chikamu chechipiri chinomira pamusoro pecheDutch. Pasi pehutungamiriri hwemari dzinoshandiswa pamwe chete — mari dzekuvaka nedzematunhu — hurumende yeDutch inoshandisa mitemo yeEU panyaya yekukodzera, kusarongeka uye kugadziriswa kwemari pamwe chete neTitle 4.2 Awb, uye mhinduro kuCommission yezvainobhadhara. Pasi pehutungamiriri hwakananga, zvibvumirano zvevanowana mari neCommission kana sangano, uye AWB hazvingashande kune rubatsiro pacharwo, kunyangwe zvichizoshanda pamwe chete pakutsigira mari.

• Dare renyika rinogona kusungirwa kudzoreredza, kwete kungova nekodzero chete. In Nyaya C-599/13 Somvao, mutongo wa18 Zvita 2014, ECLI:EU:C:2014:2419Dare reJustice rakati, richibva kuAdministrative Jurisdiction Division, mitemo yemari yeEU inogona kupa hwaro hwepamutemo hwekuti hurumende yenyika ideredze uye idzore mari yerubatsiro kana paine kusarongeka, kunyangwe pasina mutemo wenyika. Saka kuti AWB haibvumidze kudzoserwa mari haisi mhinduro yakakwana kana mari yeEU ichibatanidzwa.
• Imwe nzira yekuwedzera yekuongorora. Mapurojekiti anogonawo kuongororwa nedare rekuongorora maakaundi, Dare reEuropean Court of Auditors, Commission neOLAF, uye nyaya dzakakomba dzinogona kusvika kuhofisi yeEuropean Public Prosecutor — mushure menguva refu.
• Mitemo yakasiyana yekuganhurira. Art. 4:49 uye art. 4:57 Awb inopa nguva yeDutch yemakore mashanu, kubva pakupera kwemutemo kana kubva pakusarudza rubatsiro. Kana mari yacho ichitsigirwa nemari kubva kumari dzeEurope, Council Regulation (EC, Euratom) Nhamba 2988/95 inoshanda pamwe chete nayo, nenguva yemakore mana kubva pakuitwa kwekusarongeka, yakakanganiswa nechero chiito chekuferefeta nechiremera chine hunyanzvi. Izvi zviviri hazvienderane, uye Mutemo haubvisi nguva dzenyika: art. 3 yeMutemo inochengetedza pachena mukana wekuti Nyika Dzenhengo dzishandise nguva yakareba kupfuura makore mana, saka nguva yemakore mashanu yeDutch inogona kushanda pamusoro. Chinowedzera Mutemo mutemo wekukanganiswa - chiito chega chega chekuferefeta kana maitiro akaziviswa kumunhu ane chekuita nawo chinotangazve makore mana - zvichienderana nemuganhu wekunze wakapetwa kaviri panguva iyo pasina chirango chakaiswa. Munguva yechirongwa ichi, mitemo yakapoteredza ndeyeRegulation (EU) 2021/1060, mutemo wezvemitemo yakajairika ye2021 kusvika 2027, uye Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2024/2509, Mutemo wezveMari wakagadziriswazve unoshanda kubva musi wa30 Gunyana 2024 panzvimbo peRegulation (EU, Euratom) 2018/1046.

Rubatsiro rwehurumende, uye nei kutenda kwakanaka kusingakuponesi

Rubatsiro kubhizinesi runogona kunge rwuri rubatsiro rwehurumende mukati mechikamu. 107 TFEU. Kana rwuri, uye rwusina kusunungurwa kana kuziviswa uye kubvumidzwa, chikamu. 108 TFEU inoita kuti mubairo uyu uve pamutemo nekuti wakapihwa usati wabvumidzwa. Mugumisiro wacho uri kunze kwekutonga kwemugamuchiri: rubatsiro rwusiri pamutemo runofanira kudzoserwa, nemubereko kubva pazuva rarwakapihwa nemugamuchiri, uye kuvimbika kwakanaka musimboti hapana dziviriro. Munyaya C-24/95 Land Rheinland-Pfalz v Alcan Deutschland, mutongo wa20 Kurume 1997, ECLI:EU:C:1997:163 , Dare rakatonga kuti simba renyika rakatarisana nechisarudzo chekudzoserwa maererano nerubatsiro rwehurumende rwusiri pamutemo harigone kushandisa misimboti yenyika yechokwadi chepamutemo kana tarisiro dzepamutemo apo rubatsiro rwacho rusina kumboziviswa kuEuropean Commission, uye kuti mitemo yenyika pamusoro penguva dzekudzima dzakapera haigone kushandiswa kuitira kuti kudzoserwa kuve kusingabviri.

Izvi zvinosangana nehurumende yeDutch pazvinhu zviviri. Art. 4:35 Awb inosanganisira chikonzero chekuramba rubatsiro rusingawirirane nemitemo yerubatsiro rwenyika yeEU. Uye Netherlands ine mutemo wakatsaurirwa pakudzoserwa kwerubatsiro rwenyika, Wet terugvordering staatssteun, wave kushanda kubvira 1 Chikunguru 2018. Unoisa kudzoserwa mumaoko e "het bestuursorgaan dat het aangaat" - muchimiro chemuviri wakapa rubatsiro kana kuti une mutoro warwo, sezvakatsanangurwa muArt. 1 - iyo inodzoserwa nesarudzo yekubhadhara yakanyorerwa kune anobatsirwa (Art. 3, uye Art. 7 apo pasina sarudzo yeCommission). Pamubereko mutemo unodzokera kuEurope: apo sarudzo yeCommission isingagadzirise, mubereko unoumba chikamu cherubatsiro ruchadzoserwa unoverengerwa zvichienderana neArt. 16 uye Art. 33 yemutemo wemaitiro, Regulation (EU) 2015/1589. Saka dambudziko rerubatsiro rwehurumende rinogona kuvhurazve rubatsiro rwemari mushure mekunge rwaita serwakavharwa, uye nguva dzeDutch hadzikudzivirire: nguva yemakore gumi eEU inoshanda. Dziviriro iri pamberi - ichisimbisa kuti chirongwa ichi chiri pasi peGeneral Block Exemption Regulation kana kuti de minimis regulation, uye kuchengetedza humbowo hwecheki iyoyo.

Kuramba, kukwidza nyaya, kuregererwa kwenguva pfupi uye miganhu yenguva

Danho rega rega — kuramba, mubairo, kutsunga, kubvisa, kupora — chisarudzo chakasiyana, uye chimwe nechimwe chinofanira kupikiswa chega.

• Kuramba. Chitsauko 7:1 Chitsauko chinoda kuti nyaya yacho ipikiswe nedare pacharo risati rakwidzwa nyaya, mukati memavhiki matanhatu kubva pakuziviswa (chitsauko 6:7 Chitsauko). Kuramba kwanonoka kazhinji hakugamuchirwi.
• Appeal. Chinyorwa 8:1 Awb inokwezva dare rekutonga. . . Kukwidza nyaya imwe kunoenderana nechirongwa: art. 8:6 Awb uye hurongwa hwekutonga hunotumira zvirongwa zvehupfumi kuDare Repamusoro reTrade and Industry Appeals uye kune mamwe akawanda kuDhipatimendi reJurisdiction reAdministrative Jurisdiction re Kanzuru yeHurumende. Ndiani wevaviri ava anoteerera nyaya yako kwete nyaya yekufungidzira: tarisa chirongwa ichi uchishandisa zita rayo rekuti Bevoegdheidsregeling bestuursrechtspraak, purogiramu yakabatanidzwa kuAwb, uye tarisa uchienzanisa nechikamu chekugadzirisa chiri pasi pechisarudzo mavhiki matanhatu asati apera.
• Rubatsiro rwechinguvana. Chinyorwa 8:81 Awb inobvumira chikumbiro kumutongi werubatsiro rwekutanga pamwe chete nechikumbiro chakamirira kana kukwidzwa kwenyaya — ndiyo chete nzira yekumisa kuchema panguva iyoyo, sezvo chirambidzo chisina mhedzisiro yekumisa nyaya (chinyorwa 6:16 Awb).
• Kuganhurirwa. Nguva nhatu dzinofamba panguva imwe chete: chidimbu 4:49 Awb, chidimbu 4:57 Awb, uye muganho wechikwereti pasi peChinyorwa 4.4 Awb. Kana paine mari yeEU kana rubatsiro rwehurumende, nguva dzeEU dzinogona kureba.

Nhungamiro inoshanda

Kutungamirirwa kwezvirongwa uye mafomu ekushandisa

• Verenga chirongwa ichi nemutemo waro wekutanga, wobva waronga bhajeti chete zvichienderana nemitengo yavanoziva.
• Rondedzera chiitiko chacho nepadanho reruzivo rwaunogona kuratidza gare gare, uye hapana chinodarika apa. Chinhu chimwe nechimwe chakanangana nacho chinova chisungo.
• Faira rakazara uye nekukurumidza kana kugoverwa kuripo nekuraira kwekugamuchira; tarisa huwandu hwemari uye nyora pasi hwaro hwerubatsiro rwehurumende.
• Gadza manejimendi epurojekiti pazuva rekutanga, akanyorwa zvichienderana nemitengo yechirongwa, kwete mishumo yemukati.
• Nyora maawa pazuva, pamunhu, papurojekiti uye pabasa, uye enzanisa mwedzi wega wega nepamubhadharo.
• Taura nezvekuchinja kwazvinoita, nekunyora, uye nyora pasi nguva yekupedzisira yekusarudza.

Kupindura ongororo kana odhiti

• Sarudza hwaro uye chinangwa cheongororo iyi, uye kuti ndiani ari kuiitisa — sangano renyika, dare rekuongorora kana sangano reEU.
• Batira pamwe chete, asi pindura mubvunzo wabvunzwa; zvinhu zvekuzvipira zviri kunze kwezvinodiwa zvinoita kuti zviwedzere.
• Nyora pasi zvakapihwa uye kuti riini, taura nezvezvakabuda muchirongwa, uye tevera mazano usati wasaina chibvumirano kana muripo.