Fungidzira mamiriro ezvinhu aya: Wave uchishanda kukambani imwe chete kwemakore matatu. Unoziva basa racho mukati mako, unowirirana nevamwe vako, uye uri chikamu chakakosha chechikwata. Asi, kunyange zvazvo mumwe wako ari padhesiki rinotevera aine chibvumirano chekugara, chirongwa chepenjeni, uye dziviriro kubva pakudzingwa, hausati wava nechokwadi kana uchava nebasa Muvhuro unouya. Sei? Nekuti uri mushandi wenguva pfupi wesangano.
Kune vazhinji vevashandi venguva pfupi vanosvika 800,000 muNetherlands, kusava nechokwadi uku kuri kuitika zuva nezuva. Hukama huri pakati pesangano revashandi venguva pfupi ( uitzendbureau ), kambani inohaya vashandi ( inlener ), nemushandi hwakaoma. Mubvunzo mukuru kune chero ani zvake ari pachinzvimbo ichi ndewekuti: "Ndedzipi kodzero dzandinovaka semushandi wenguva pfupi?"
Mhinduro iri mu "Fasensysteem" (Phase System) . Iyi nhungamiro yemutemo inoti kana ukashanda kwenguva yakareba, kodzero dzako dzakawanda—dzichichinja kubva pakuchinjika zvizere kuenda pakuchengetedzeka kwakazara. Chinokosha ndechekuti, shanduko dzakakosha dzakaitwa muna 2023, dzichipfupisa nguva yezvikamu zvekutanga uye zvichibvumira vashandi kuvaka kodzero nekukurumidza kupfuura kare.
Mugwaro iri rakazara, Law & More inotsanangudza mamiriro akaomarara emutemo ePhase System. Ungave uri munhu anobva kunze kwenyika uchishanda mudunhu reBrainport, mugari wekuNetherlands achifamba-famba mumusika weflex-market, kana mushandirwi, chinyorwa chino chinopa kujeka kwaunoda.
Mubvunzo weMutemo
Kuti tinzwisise maonero enyu, tinofanira kupindura mubvunzo unotevera unokosha:
Sisitimu yechikamu chebasa pamasangano ebasa renguva pfupi inoshanda sei, ndedzipi kodzero dzinowanikwa nemushandi wenguva pfupi muchikamu chimwe nechimwe, uye ndedzipi mhedzisiro chaiyo yemutemo maererano nekudzingwa basa uye kodzero dzinowanikwa kana dzichichinja kubva pachikamu chimwe kusvika chimwe?
Hurongwa hweMutemo: Mutemo neCAOs
Kodzero dzemushandi wenguva pfupi hadzisi dzechivanhu; dzakavakirwa pamutemo weDutch civil , Collective Labour Agreements (CAOs), uye mirairo yeEurope.
A. Hwaro hweMutemo
Nheyo iyi inowanikwa muDutch Civil Code ( Burgerlijk Wetboek kana BW). Chinyorwa 7:690 BW chinotsanangura chibvumirano chebasa chenguva pfupi chesangano. Zvisinei, mitemo chaiyo ine chekuita nezvikamu zvakarongwa muChinyorwa 7:691 BW . Chinyorwa chino chinosuma pfungwa ye uitzendbeding (chikamu chesangano) uye chinorayira mitemo iyo sangano rinogona kupa zvibvumirano zvinochinjika.
Uyezve, Zvinyorwa 8 ne8a zveWaadi (Mutemo weKugoverwa kweVashandi neVamiririri) zvinoshandisa musimboti wekubatwa zvakaenzana, unobva muChikamu 5 cheEU Directive 2008/104/EG . Izvi zvinovimbisa kuti, maererano nemamiriro ekushanda akakosha (senge muripo nemaawa ekushanda), vashandi venguva pfupi vanobatwa zvakaenzana nevashandi vanotungamira.
B. Zvibvumirano zveVashandi Vese (CAOs)
Kunyange zvazvo mutemo uchiisa hwaro hwekutanga, zvinhu zvinonyanya kutsanangurwa zvinowanzo sarudzwa neCAO inoshanda. MuNetherlands, maCAO maviri makuru anotungamira indasitiri iyi:
- Abu (Federation of Private Employment Agencys)
- NBBU (Dutch Federation of Mediation and Temporary Employment Agencys)
Kare, maCAO aya aibvumira nguva refu yekusaziva (kusvika makore mashanu nehafu). Zvisinei, pasi pekuchinja kwa2023, nzira yekuenda kuchibvumirano chechigarire yakapfupikiswa zvakanyanya kuti pave nekuvandudzwa kwenzvimbo yevashandi.
C. The Kugara mumubhedha (Chikamu cheSangano)
Iyi ndiyo pfungwa inonyanya kukosha kune vashandi vatsva venguva pfupi. Mutemo wekuti uitzendbeding chikamu chiri muchibvumirano chinotaura kuti chibvumirano chebasa chinopera pakarepo uye otomatiki kana kambani inohaya (mutengi) ikagumisa basa racho.
- Inoshanda riini? Muchikamu chekutanga chete (Chikamu A kana 1-2).
- Inopera riini? Pasi pemutemo, mushure memavhiki makumi maviri nematanhatu. Zvisinei, maCAO anowedzera izvi kusvika pamavhiki makumi mashanu nemaviri (aimbova makumi manomwe nemasere).
- Muganho wepamutemo: Sezvakajekeswa mu ECLI:NL:PHR:2022:610 uye ECLI:NL:GHMS:2022:3699, chikamu ichi chinongogumira pachikamu chekutanga chete. Hachigone kushandiswa kana mushandi asvika pachikamu B.
D. Kushanda Nevamwe Vashandi (Opvolgend Werkgeverschap)
Pfungwa isiriyo inowanzoonekwa ndeyekuti kana ukachinja ma agency asi ukaramba uri padhesiki rimwe chete uchiita basa rimwe chete, "counter" yako inodzokera ku zero. Izvi hazvina kururama. Pasi peChinyorwa 7:691 ndima 5 BW , nhoroondo yako yebasa inoverengwa kana mushandirwi mutsva achionekwa se "mushandirwi anotevedzana."
Kubva musi wa1 Chikunguru 2015, chinonzi "bandencriterium" (chinongedzo chekubatanidza) chakabviswa ( ECLI:NL:HR:2017:2905 ). Izvi zvinoreva kuti hazvichakoshi kana paine hukama hwekutengeserana pakati pesangano rekare neritsva; kana ukaita basa rimwe chete kana rakafanana, kodzero dzako dzakagadzirwa (uye chikamu) dzinofamba newe.
Tsananguro yeSisitimu yeMadanho
Sisitimu iyi yakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvitatu zvakasiyana. Zvichienderana neCAO yesangano renyu, izvi zvakanyorwa kuti ABC (ABU) kana 1/2-3-4 (NBBU).
CHIKAMU A (ABU) / CHIKAMU 1-2 (NBBU) — CHIKAMU CHINOGONEKA
- Duration: Mavhiki makumi mashanu nemaviri (Kubva muna 2023; kare mavhiki makumi manomwe nemasere).
- Hunhu Hunokosha: Kuchinjika kwakanyanya kune mushandirwi.
Kodzero Dzako (uye kushaikwa kwadzo):
Muchikamu chino, uitzendbeding inoshanda. Kana mutengi akamisa basa racho—kunyangwe nekuda kwekurwara—chibvumirano chako chinopera ipapo ipapo. Kazhinji, mutemo wekuti “hapana basa, hapana muripo” unoshanda, zvichireva kuti haubhadharwi kwemaawa ausingashande kunze kwekunge zvabvumiranwa zvakajeka neimwe nzira.
Dziviriro yekudzingwa:
Dziviriro shoma kwazvo kubva pakudzingwa basa. Sezvakasimbiswa muchinyorwa chino ECLI:NL:HR:2023:426, basa rinogona kupera ipapo ipapo kana basa racho rapera. Zvisinei, iwe do kuvaka kodzero yekuva shanduko yekubhadhara (transitievergoeding) kana ukadzingwa basa mushure memwedzi makumi maviri nemana, kunyangwe zviri pachena, izvi zvinoshanda kana Chikamu A chichiteverwa nezvibvumirano zveChikamu B (Chinyorwa 7:673 BW; ECLI:NL:RBLIM:2017:5039).
CHIKAMU B (ABU) / CHIKAMU 3 (NBBU) — Chikamu Chekuchengetedza
- Duration: Makore matatu (makore mana apfuura).
- Zvibvumirano: Zvibvumirano zvechinguvana zvisingapfuure zvitanhatu (ABU) kana 6-8 (NBBU).
Hunhu Hukuru: Kugara kwemubhedha wemukati kunonyangarika. Uku kuchinja kukuru mumamiriro ako epamutemo.
Kodzero dzako:
- Hapana Kudzingwa Pakarepo: Sangano harigone kukudzinga basa nekuti basa racho ramira. Kana pasina basa, vanofanira kuramba vachikubhadhara mari yako (loondoorbetaling).
- Dziviriro yekudzingwa: Kuti vakubvisei basa, sangano rinofanira kutevedzera mutemo wekudzingisa basa (Chinyorwa 7:672 BWVanoda mvumo kubva kuUWV (Employee Insurance Agency) kana kuti dare rivape mvumo yekuramba basa.
- Nguva Yekuzivisa: Nguva yekuzivisa yepamutemo yemwedzi mumwe chete inoshanda.
Mutemo weMutemo:
Kana sangano richiedza kushandisa uitzendbeding muchikamu chino, kudzingwa basa hakushande (ECLI:NL:CRVB:2016:3081Unogona kukumbira kudzoserwa basa rako.
CHIKAMU C (ABU) / CHIKAMU 4 (NBBU) — Basa Risingaperi
- Apo: Mushure mekupedza Chikamu B, otomatiki.
- Hunhu Hunokosha: Basa renguva dzose (contract voor onbepaalde tijd).
Kodzero dzako:
Unoshanda nesangano iri kwenguva isingaperi. Une dziviriro yakakwana yekudzingwa basa, yakafanana neyemushandi wenguva dzose muNetherlands. Kunyangwe sangano racho risina mutengi wako, rinofanira kubhadhara muhoro wako. Unewo kodzero yekushanda zvakaenzana nevashandi vemutengi (Chinyorwa 8 Waadi; ECLI:NL:HR:2024:1303).
Mutemo weMutemo:
Matare akasimba pakudzivirira vashandi vechikamu cheC. ECLI:NL:GHSHE:2025:1737, dare rakarayira kudzoserwa kwebasa mushure mekudzingwa basa zvisina chikonzero muChikamu C. Uyezve, ECLI:NL:PHR:2025:356 inosimbisa kuti Chikamu C chinogara chiri chibvumirano chisingaperi.
Pfupiso yeZviratidzo: Chikwidzo cheKodzero
| mamiriro | Chikamu A (1-2) | Chikamu B (3) | Chikamu C (4) |
|---|---|---|---|
| chinguva | Mavhiki makumi mashanu nemaviri (52) | Makore Makuru matatu | Asingagumi |
| Chikamu cheSangano | Ehe (Moto kana uchida) | Aihwa (Hazvishandi) | Aihwa |
| Mubhadharo weKurwara / Hapana Basa | Kwete (kazhinji) | Hongu (Zvinosungirwa) | Hongu (Zvinosungirwa) |
| Kudzingwa Kudzivirirwa | Minimal | Standard (UWV/Dare) | Full |
| Chibvumirano Rudzi | tembarari | Nguva yakatarwa (yakanyanya 6) | Asingagumi |
| Notice Period | Hapana (Pakarepo) | Mwedzi 1 Mudiki | Statutory |
Mitemo Yekuchinja uye Kushanda Kwevashandi Vanotevedzana
Kunzwisisa paunochinja kubva pane chimwe chikamu kuenda kune chimwe kwakakosha pakutsvaga kodzero dzako.
Iyo "Add-up" Rule (De Optelregel)
Sekureva kweChinyorwa 7:691 ndima 4 BW , nguva dzebasa dzakaparadzaniswa nemwedzi mitanhatu kana pasi dzinoramba dzichiverengwa kusvika pakuunganidza kwako chikamu. Hautangi patsva muChikamu A mushure mekuzorora kwenguva pfupi.
- muenzaniso: Unoshanda mavhiki makumi matatu uchishandisa Agency A. Unotora zororo remwedzi miviri. Unodzokera ku Agency A. Unotanga pavhiki rechi31, kwete vhiki rekutanga.
Kubudirira Basa (Opvolgend Werkgeverschap)
Apa ndipo panoedza masangano mazhinji kugadzirisa nguva, uye apo vashandi vazhinji vanorasikirwa. Kubva muna 2015, kana ukachinja masangano asi ukaramba uchiita "basa rakafanana kana rakafanana" (kazhinji pamutengi mumwe chete), sangano idzva rinofanira kuverenga mavhiki/makore ako apfuura awakamboshanda.
Muenzaniso weMutemo weNyaya:
Mushandi anoshanda kwegore rimwe chete kuburikidza neAgency A pakambani yekutakura zvinhu. Agency A inorasikirwa nechibvumirano, uye Agency B inotora basa. Mushandi anoramba ari paforklift. Agency B haigone kuisa mushandi muChikamu A. Vanofanira kuremekedza gore rimwe chete renhoroondo, zvichida vachiisa mushandi muChikamu B nekukasika.
Matare ari kungwarira pano. Mu ECLI:NL:RBNNE:2025:5517 , dare rakatonga kuti nhoroondo yebasa inofanira kuverengerwa zvizere. Saizvozvowo, ECLI:NL:HR:2025:1733 inosimbisa kuti kodzero dzakaunganidzwa hadzigoni kufuratirwa.
Mamiriro Ezvinhu Anoshanda: Kodzero Dzako Dziri Kutyorwa Here?
Heano mamiriro matatu akajairika apo Law & More kazhinji vanoona masangano achiita zvikanganiso—nekuda kana neimwe nzira.
Mamiriro 1: Mugumo we "Otomatiki" muChikamu B
The Scenario: Wave uchishanda kwemavhiki makumi matanhatu (Chikamu B). Mutengi anomisa chirongwa ichi. Sangano rinoti, "Rombo rakanaka, chibvumirano chako chinopera chega nhasi nekuti basa ramira."
Chokwadi Chepamutemo: Izvi hazvisi pamutemo. uitzendbeding yakapera mushure memavhiki makumi mashanu nemaviri. Sangano iri riri kushandisa mutemo weChikamu A kumushandi weChikamu B.
Chiito: Kugumisa hakubvumirwi (ECLI:NL:HR:2023:426). Munofanira kuratidzira nekukasika, muchipa vashandi venyu uye muchikumbira mari yemihoro (loondoorbetaling).
Mamiriro Echipiri: "Kutanga Patsva" paSangano Idzva
The Scenario: Wakashanda kwemwedzi gumi nemisere uchishandisa Agency X. Unochinja kuenda ku Agency Y kuti uite basa rimwe chete. Agency Y inokupa chibvumirano chePhase A chisina chibatiso.
Chokwadi Chepamutemo: Sangano Y "mushandirwi anotevedzana." Vanosungirwa nemutemo kuverenga mwedzi yako gumi nemisere. Unofanira kupinda muchikamu B nekukasika.
Chiito: Kuda kupatsanurwa kwechikamu chakakodzera zvichibva pane ECLI:NL:CRVB:2016:3081Kana vakaramba, unogona kukodzera kubhadharwa mari yekudzokera kubasa uye kubhadharwa mari yekuchinja kana vakazokudzinga basa zvisiri izvo (ECLI:NL:RBNNE:2025:4240).
Mamiriro ezvinhu 3: Kudzingwa muChikamu C
The Scenario: Une chibvumirano chePhase C. Sangano iri rinoda kukudzinga basa nekuti "bhizinesi riri kunonoka."
Chokwadi Chepamutemo: Havagoni kungokudzinga basa. Vanoda nzvimbo yekudzingwa basa (sekuda kwemari) uye vanofanira kupfuura neUWV kana Dare reSub-District (Kantonrechter).
Chiito: Usasaina chibvumirano chekugadzirisa (vaststellingsovereenkomst) pasina zano repamutemo. Kana ukadzingwa basa pasina kutarisirwa, unogona kukumbira kudzoserwa pabasa (ECLI:NL:GHSHE:2025:1737) kana muripo wakakosha.
Kodzero dzeMari uye Muripo
Kubhadhara Kwekuchinja (Transitievergoeding)
Kubva pakatangwa WAB (Balanced Labour Market Act), munowana kodzero yekubhadhara mari yekuchinja kubva pazuva rekutanga. Zvisinei, kubhadhara kunowanzo kuve kwemutemo kana chibvumirano chikapera nehurongwa hwemushandirwi.
- Chinyorwa 7:673 BWIzvi zvinoshanda kunyangwe muChikamu A (ECLI:NL:HR:2025:1808).
Mubereko weMutemo paMihoro Yekunonoka
Kana sangano rikakurumidza kubhadhara muhoro wako (semuenzaniso, panguva yekukakavadzana kuti uri muchikamu chipi), vane chikwereti chako chinopfuura muhoro wako wese.
- Kuwedzera Kwemutemo: Kusvika ku50% chirango (Chinyorwa 7:625 BW).
- Zvido zveMutemo: Mubereko pamusoro pemari yasara (Chinyorwa 6:119 BW).
Mutemo wenyaya (ECLI:NL:RBROT:2025:8995 uye ECLI:NL:RBMNE:2025:2452) inosimbisa kuti izvi zvinofanirwa kubhadharwa otomatiki.
Yambiro Yakakosha: Nguva Dzekuganhurirwa (Verjaringstermijnen)
Mumutemo webasa, "kurara kwenguva refu kuri kurasikirwa." Kana ukamirira kwenguva yakareba kuti uwane kodzero dzako, dzinonyangarika.
- Zvikumbiro zveMuhoro: Une mutemo wakasimba 6-mwedzi nguva yekukumbira zvirango pamihoro yekunonoka (Chinyorwa 7:621 BW). Pamuhoro wacho pachawo, imakore mashanu, asi kumirira kunoshayisa simba maonero ako euchapupu.
- Kubhadhara Kwekuchinja: Unofanira kuendesa chikumbiro kudare mukati me 3 mwedzi kuguma kwebasa (Chinyorwa 7:686a BW). Iyi inguva yakatarwa "yakaoma"; kunonoka kwezuva rimwe chete kwatove kwanyanya.
- Kupatsanurwa kwezvikamu: Zvikumbiro zvinopera mushure memakore mashanu (Chinyorwa 3:307 BW), asi unofanira kuita chimwe chinhu nekukasika.
ECLI:NL:HR:2025:1808 inoyeuchidza kukosha kwekuita zvinhu munguva dzakatarwa idzi.
Kubatwa Kwakaenzana ("Waadi")
Chimwe chezvishandiso zvine simba zvikuru kune mushandi wenguva pfupi iWaadi . Pasi peChinyorwa 8 , une kodzero ye "mamiriro ekushanda akakosha" akafanana nemushandi wakananga kukambani yaunoshanda. Izvi zvinosanganisira:
- Mibairo
- Kushanda maawa
- Mitengo yenguva yekuwedzera
- Nguva dzekuzorora
- Mazuva ezororo
Izvi zvinoreva kuti haufanirwe kubhadharwa mari shoma pane munhu akagara padivi pako achiita basa rimwe chete nekuti uri mushandi wesangano. Izvi zvinotsigirwa neMutemo weEU ( Article 5 Directive 2008/104/EG ) uye zvakasimbiswa neDare Repamusorosoro muECLI :NL:HR:2024:1303.
Mazano Anoshanda Kune Vashandi Venguva Pfupi
- Iva Mutungamiriri Wako Wega: Chengeta gwaro rega rega rekubhadhara mari, chibvumirano, uye email. Nyora pasi mazuva chaiwo ekutanga nekuguma kwebasa rega rega. Kana paine gakava pamusoro pechikamu chako, iwe unofanira kuratidza nhoroondo yako.
- Verenga Mavhiki Ako: Usavimba ne portal yesangano. Verenga mavhiki ako awakashandira nemaoko. Isa misiyano isingasviki mwedzi mitanhatu.
- Masangano ekuchinjana? Udza sangano idzva nezvenhoroondo yako mukunyora usati wasaina. Ipa humbowo hwebasa rako rekare kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti vanokuisa muchikamu chakakodzera.
- Ona Mireza Dzvuku: Kana wave uchishanda kwenguva inopfuura gore uye chibvumirano chako chichiri kutaura nezve "uitzendbeding," kana kuti ukadzingwa basa ipapo ipapo panguva yekurwara, pane chakaipa pamutemo.
- Ita Nekukurumidza: Kana ukadzingwa basa kana kuti ukasabhadharwa mari yakakwana, tumira chikumbiro chako nekukasika. Yeuka nguva yekupedzisira yekubhadhara kwechinjo yemwedzi mitatu uye nguva yekupedzisira yekubhadhara mihoro yemwedzi mitanhatu.
Nguva Yokutsvaka Rubatsiro Kumutemo
Kunyange zvazvo zvikanganiso zvakawanda zvehutungamiriri zvichigona kugadziriswa neemail inopinza kune waunoshanda naye muHR, mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu anoda kupindira kwenyanzvi. Unofanira kufunga nezvegweta kana:
- Kusawirirana kwePaseji: Kambani inoramba kubvuma makore ako ekare ebasa mushure mekutora basa (kutevedzana kwemabasa).
- Kudzingwa Pabasa Kusiri Pamutemo: Unodzingwa basa ipapo ipapo uri muchikamu B kana C, kana kuti panguva yekurwara.
- Zvikumbiro Zvinokosheswa Zvikuru: Une chikwereti chemari yakawanda yekudzosera kana kuti muripo wekuchinjana uri kurambwa.
- Zvibvumirano zvekugadzirisa: Usambofa wakasaina chibvumirano chekugumisa chibvumirano muChikamu B kana C usina kuongororwa kwepamutemo.
Kukwikwidzana munyaya idzi kunowanzo batsira nekuti mari yakawanda—mwedzi yemuhoro, kuchengetedzeka kwebasa, uye muripo—yakawanda. Law & More nyanzvi mukugadzirisa gakava rakaoma remabasa uye inogona kubatsira mukusimbisa kodzero dzako pasi pehurongwa hwechikamu.
mhedziso
Dutch Phase System inoshanda semanera: kana ukakwira zvakanyanya, ndipo paunonyanya kuchengetedzeka.
- Chikamu A inopa kuchinjika asi kuchengetedzeka kushoma.
- Chikamu B inobvisa chikamu chesangano uye inoda kuti pave nenzira dzakakodzera dzekudzinga basa.
- Chikamu C inovimbisa chibvumirano chisingaperi uye kuenzana kwakazara.
Kuderedzwa kwenguva yechikamu muna 2023 kukunda kwekodzero dzevashandi, zvichikuendesa kuChikamu B neC nekukurumidza kupfuura kare. Uyezve, kubviswa kwe "bandencriterium" kunoita kuti kodzero dzako dzirambe dziripo kana sangano rako rachinja.
Zvisinei, kuoma kwehurongwa uhwu kunobvumira zvikanganiso nekushandiswa zvisina kunaka. Semushandi wenguva pfupi, dziviriro yako yakasimba ndeye ruzivo. Nekunzwisisa kuti uri muchikamu chipi uye kuchengeta zvinyorwa zvakasimba zvenhoroondo yako yebasa, unogona kuva nechokwadi chekuti "kuchinjika" hakuuyi nekurasikirwa nekodzero dzako dzepamutemo.
Une mibvunzo here nezvebasa rako semushandi wechinguvana, kana kuti uri kubatanidzwa mukukakavadzana maererano nehurongwa hwechikamu? Law & More yakagadzirira kupa mazano emutemo ane hunyanzvi anoenderana nemamiriro ako ezvinhu.
Mibvunzo inowanzobvunzwa
Chii chinonzi 'Fasensysteem' (Phase System) yevashandi venguva pfupi vesangano reDutch?
Mutemo weFasensysteem ndiwo mutemo unodzora kodzero dzevashandi venguva pfupi (uitzendkrachten) muNetherlands. Unoti kana munhu akashanda kwenguva yakareba kuburikidza nesangano, kodzero dzebasa dzinowanikwa, zvichibva padanho rekusununguka kukuru kune mushandirwi kuenda kumatanho ane kuchengetedzwa kukuru kwebasa uye dziviriro kubva pakudzingwa basa.
Ko chikamu changu chekuwedzera chinogadziriswazve here kana ndikachinja kuenda kune imwe temp agency?
Hazvisi hazvo. Sezvo 'bandencriterium' (chipimo chekubatanidza) chakabviswa muna 2015, hazvichakoshi kana paine hukama hwekutengeserana pakati pesangano rekare neritsva. Pasi peChinyorwa 7:691(5) cheDutch Civil Code, kana ukaramba uchiita basa rakafanana kana rakafanana ne'mushandirwi anotevedzana', mavhiki ako akawedzerwa uye mamiriro echikamu anoramba aripo pane kudzokera kune zero.
Ndedzipi kodzero dzandinadzo muchikamu A (ABU) kana chikamu 1-2 (NBBU), chikamu chinochinjika?
Chikamu A chinotora mavhiki makumi mashanu nemaviri uye chinopa mushandirwi mukana wekusarudza zviri nani: 'uitzendbeding' inoshanda, zvichireva kuti chibvumirano chako chinogona kupera nekukasika kana mutengi akarega basa racho, uye kazhinji 'hapana basa, hapana muripo' inoshanda. Dziviriro yekudzingwa basa yakaganhurirwa, kunyangwe uchikwanisa kuwana kodzero yekubhadhara mari yekuchinja kana ukadzingwa mushure memwedzi makumi maviri nemana.
Chii chinochinja kana ndasvika pachikamu B (ABU) kana chikamu 3 (NBBU)?
Chikamu B chinotora makore matatu chete, nemakondirakiti matanhatu enguva pfupi. Kushanda kwemushandi wepabasa kunonyangarika, zvichireva kuti sangano harichakwanisi kugumisa kondirakiti yako nekuti basa racho rinomira, uye kana pasina basa, vanowanzo fanira kuramba vachikubhadhara mihoro.
Ndine kodzero yekushanda zvakafanana nemushandi wekambani yandakashanda naye here?
Ehe. Pasi peChikamu 8 cheWaadi, vashandi venguva pfupi vane kodzero yekushanda zvakafanana nemushandi ari kushanda basa rimwe chete, kusanganisira mihoro, maawa ekushanda, mitengo yeawa yekushanda, nguva dzekuzorora uye mazuva ezororo. Izvi zvinosimbiswa neEU Directive 2008/104/EG uye zvakasimbiswa neDutch Supreme Court.
Ndinofanira kutora nguva yakareba sei kuti ndiwane mari yekubhadharwa ndisina kubhadharwa kana kuti ndibhadhare mari yekuchinja basa?
Nguva dzekupedzisira dzakaoma. Chikumbiro chezvirango pamihoro yekunonoka chinofanira kuitwa mukati memwedzi mitanhatu, nepo chikumbiro chemuhoro wacho pachacho chine nguva yakatarwa yemakore mashanu, kunyangwe kumirira kuchideredza humbowo hwako. Chikumbiro chemubhadharo wekuchinja chinofanira kuendeswa kudare mukati memwedzi mitatu kubva pakupera kwebasa, uye nguva iyi yekupedzisira inoonekwa seisina kukanganiswa.
Matanho api anoshanda andinofanira kutora kuti ndidzivirire kodzero dzangu semushandi wechinguvana?
Chengeta gwaro rega rega rekubhadhara, chibvumirano uye email, uye nyora mazuva chaiwo ekutanga nekuguma kwebasa rega rega. Magwaro aya akakosha pakuratidza kuti wawana chikamu chakawedzerwa chebasa rako, basa rako rinotevedzana, kana chero zvikumbiro zvemuhoro kana zvekuchinja kana paine gakava.
