Muchidimbu: chikumbiro chakataurwa pasi pemutemo weDutch (verjaring) hachinyangarike, asi hachichagoni kusimbiswa mudare kana munhu ane chikwereti akumbira nguva yakatarwa. Makore mashanu ndiyo nguva yakatarwa yekuitwa kwechibvumirano uye yekukuvadzwa, makore makumi maviri ndiyo nguva yasara uye nguva yekumanikidzwa kwemutongo, uye chikumbiro chinobva mukutengesa chinotara makore maviri mushure mekunge mutengi azivisa mutengesi nezvechikanganiso. Mukweretesi anochengetedza chikumbiro chiri mupenyu nekukanganisa nguva yacho (stuiting), semuenzaniso nechikumbiro chakanyorwa umo kodzero yekuita basa yakachengetwa pachena.
Mutemo wemiganhu mumutemo weDutch unonzi verjaring uye unotongwa neChinyorwa 11 cheBhuku 3 reBurgerlijk Wetboek (Civil Code). Nguva yasara makore makumi maviri (art. 3:306 BW), asi nguva dzinogadzirisa gakava zhinji dzakapfupika: makore mashanu ekuitwa kwechibvumirano (art. 3:307 BW), makore mashanu ekukuvadzwa anoverengwa kubva pazuva iro munhu akakuvadzwa anoziva zvese kukuvara uye munhu ane mhosva (art. 3:310 BW), uye makore maviri ekukumbira kubva mukutengesa kana mutengi anyunyuta nezvechikanganiso (art. 7:23 BW). Kunyoreswa nechiremba hakudzimi chikwereti. Kunobvisa simba rekuchisimbisa, uye chete kana mukwereti akanyatsotaura dziviriro.
Mutsara wekupedzisira iwoyo ndiwo unonyanya kukanganisa vanokweretesa nevane chikwereti, uye une mhedzisiro munzira dzese dziri mbiri. Mukweretesi anokundikana kushandisa nguva yakatarwa munguva anogona kurairwa kubhadhara chikumbiro chemakore gumi apfuura. Mukweretesi anofunga kuti chiyeuchidzo cheushamwari anochengetedza wachi yacho anogona kuona kuti invoice yakanaka kwazvo haichashandiswi. Chinyorwa chino chinotsanangura kuti ndeipi nguva inoshanda kune chikumbiro chipi, kuti wachi inotanga riini, kuti inogona kukanganiswa sei kana kuwedzerwa, uye kuti chii chinosara chekukumbira kana nguva yacho yapera. Kuti uwane pfungwa iri pasi pekukumbira pachako, ona chinyorwa chedu pamusoro pekuti chii chinonzi chikumbiro.
Chii chinonzi verjaring chinoreva, uye chakasiyana sei kubva kune vervaltermijn
Kunyora pasi zvinoreva kushaya kodzero yekuunza chikumbiro kudare mushure mekunge nguva yakatarwa nemutemo yapera. Chisungo ichocho chinogara chiripo sechisungo chechisikigo (natuurlijke verbintenis, art. 6:3 BW), ndosaka mukwereti anobhadhara chikwereti chakatarwa asingakwanise kudzosa mari yacho mushure mezvo. Chinangwa chemitemo ndechekuva nechokwadi chepamutemo kumativi ese ari maviri: mukwereti haafanire kuratidzwa zvichemo zvechokwadi zvave zvisingagoneki kugadziriswa, uye mukweretesi anopiwa chikonzero chakajeka chekuita chimwe chinhu humbowo huchiripo.
Zvinhu zviviri zviri mumutemo wekuDutch zvinoumba zvese zvinotevera. Chekutanga, dare harigone kushandisa gwaro rayo (art. 3:322 BW). Mukwereti anofanira kurishandisa, mutsamba kana mumashoko ekudzivirira, uye mukwereti asingataure chinhu anongorasikirwa nepfungwa yacho. Chechipiri, gwaro rinogona kukanganiswa, izvo zvinogadzirisa nguva. Saka chikumbiro cha2015 chinogona kushanda zvizere nanhasi, uye chikumbiro chegore rapfuura chinogona kutofa kana nguva pfupi ikashanda.
Kunyora pasi hakufanirwe kuvhiringidzwa ne vervaltermijn, nguva yekurasikirwa. Musiyano wacho hausi wedzidzo. Nguva yekurasikirwa haigone kukanganiswa, haifanirwe kudzoserwa pasi pezvikonzero zvekuwedzera zvataurwa pazasi, uye dare rinozvishandisa roga. Mutemo webasa wekuDutch uzere nazvo: mushandi anoda kupikisa kudzingwa basa kana kukumbira muripo wekuchinja kwemutemo anofanira kuendesa chikumbiro mukati memwedzi mitatu (art. 7:686a lid 4 BW), uye kana nguva iyoyo yapfuura kodzero yacho yapera, chero tsamba dzekutaurirana dzakaitika panguva iyi. Paunoongorora chikumbiro chekare, mubvunzo wekutanga hausi wekuti nguva yacho yakareba sei, asi kuti uri kutarisa nguva yekuganhurira zvachose here.
Nzira yechitatu iri pamwe chete neyese: basa rekunyunyuta. Pasi pechikamu 6:89 BW, mukweretesi anorasikirwa nekodzero yekuvimba nekanganiso mukuita kana akasaramba mukati menguva yakakodzera mushure mekuiwana, kana mushure mekunge aifanira kunge aiwana. Basa iroro rinogara kwenguva refu nguva yekuganhurirwa isati yapera uye idziviriro yakajairika mukukakavadzana kwemhosva dzehunyanzvi uye kupa. Gwaro redu remashoko pamusoro penguva yekuganhurirwa rinopa mazwi muchidimbu.
Ndeipi nguva yekuganhurira inoshanda kune chikumbiro chako
Mutemo weDutch haushande nenguva imwe chete asi nenhevedzano yemamwe mashoko chaiwo, uye nguva yasara yemakore makumi maviri eArt. 3:306 BW inoshanda chete kana pasina mutemo mupfupi unoenderana. Kuziva mutemo wakakodzera ndiko kunoshanda kwese, nekuti musiyano uripo pakati pemakore maviri, mashanu nemakumi maviri unowanzo sarudza nyaya yacho isati yatanga nharo pamusoro pezvakanakira.
Makore mashanu ekuita kwezvibvumirano uye kubhadhara nguva nenguva
Mutemo weDutch unoshanda zvakanyanya. 3:307 BW: chikumbiro chekuzadzisa chisungo chekupa kana kuita chinobva muchibvumirano chinotara makore mashanu mushure mezuva iro chikumbiro chakatanga kubhadharwa uye kubhadharwa (opeisbaar). Mainvoice asina kubhadharwa, zvinhu zvisati zvaendeswa, mutengo wekutenga usina kubhadharwa uye sevhisi isina kuitwa zvese zvinowira pasi payo. Pamwe chete nechinyorwa ichi pane 3:308 BW, iyo inopa nguva yakafanana yemakore mashanu kune mubereko, maannuities, migove, rendi nezvimwe zvinobhadharwa nguva nenguva. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha kupfuura zvinotaridzika: chikamu chega chega cherendi yemwedzi wega wega kana nguva yemubereko ine zuva rayo rekutanga, saka muridzi wemba ari kutsvaga makore mana ekusabhadhara ari kubata nenguva dzakawanda dzakasiyana, dzekare dzacho dzingave dzatove dzakatotanga.
Mamwe makore maviri mashanu anopedzisa nyaya yemakakatanwa ezuva nezuva ekutengeserana. Chikumbiro chekudzoserwa mari isina kukodzera chinoratidza makore mashanu mushure mezuva iro mukweretesi akaziva zvese chikumbiro neanogamuchira, uye chero zvodini makore makumi maviri mushure mekunge chikumbiro chabuda (art. 3:309 BW). Chikumbiro chekudzima chibvumirano chekusashanda zvakanaka, kana kuti kugadzirisa mashandiro asina kunaka, chinoratidza makore mashanu mushure mekunge mukweretesi aziva nezvekutyorwa kwechikwereti, nemuganhu wakafanana wemakore makumi maviri (art. 3:311 BW). Mukuita izvi zvinoreva kuti mutengi anowana dambudziko guru haagone kungogara kurudyi rwekudzima, kunyangwe chikumbiro chekukuvara chichiripo.
Makore maviri mushure mekunyunyuta mukutengesa
Kana zvinhu kana pfuma isingafambiki yatengeswa, art. 7:23 BW inoisa mutemo wezvikamu zviviri uyo unowanzo verengwa zvisizvo. Mutengi anofanira kutanga azivisa mutengesi mukati menguva yakakodzera (bekwame tijd) mushure mekuona kuti zvakaunzwa hazvienderane nechibvumirano. Mukutengeswa kwechinhu chinofambika nevatengi, kuziviswa mukati memwedzi miviri yekuwanikwa kunoonekwa panguva yakakodzera; kunze kwekutengeswa kwemidziyo inofambika nevatengi, kusanganisira kutenga imba, hapana mutemo wemwedzi miviri wakatarwa uye bvunzo yenguva yakakodzera inoshanda zvizere, zvichitongwa zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu. Ndipo chete panotanga danho rechipiri: chikumbiro chepamutemo pachacho chinotara makore maviri mushure mekuziviswa ikoko.
Saka nguva yemakore maviri haiverengerwi kubva pakuendeswa kwezvinhu uye kwete kubva pakuwanikwa kwechinhu chisina kunaka, asi kubva pakunyunyuta. Mutengi anonyunyuta nekukurumidza uye obva ataurirana kwemakore maviri nehafu asingapindi nguva yacho achaona chikumbiro charambidzwa, zvisinei nekuti chaive chakasimba sei. Vatengi vane mukana wakasiyana pauchapupu: kana paine zvikanganiso mukutengeswa kwezvinhu mukati megore rimwe chete rekuendeswa kwezvinhu, zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvaivepo pakuendeswa kwezvinhu, saka mutengesi anofanira kuratidza zvakasiyana (art. 7:18 BW).
Makore makumi maviri senguva yasara
Kana pasina nguva pfupi yakatarwa, chikamu 3:306 BW chinopa makore makumi maviri. Mutemo iwoyo unobata zvinopfuura zvinotarisirwa nevanhu. Chikumbiro chekugumisa mamiriro ezvinhu asiri pamutemo, semuenzaniso chivakwa chinopindira kana kuti dambudziko rinoramba riripo, chinotora makore makumi maviri kubva pazuva iro mamiriro acho angadai akapera ipapo ipapo (chikamu 3:314 BW), uye mutemo iwoyo wemakore makumi maviri unodzora kudzoserwa kwepfuma. Zvikumbiro zvisingabvi muchibvumirano uye zvisingatsvage kukuvara saka zvinowanzotakura nguva yakareba pane makore mashanu anozivikanwa.
Kusimbisa mutongo
Mutongo hausi wekuti munhu awane rezenisi risingaperi. Pasi pechikamu 3:324 BW simba rekusimbisa mutongo wedare rinopa makore makumi maviri mushure mezuva rinotevera mutongo, saka mukweretesi ane zita rechikwereti ane nguva refu asi ine muganho. Kusiyana kwakakosha: mari inongofanira kubhadharwa mwedzi inopfuura mitanhatu mushure memutongo, senge mari inobhadharwa nguva nenguva kana mari yekuchengetedza pasi pemutongo, inotongwa kwenguva yemakore mashanu. Mukweretesi akawana mutongo wekubhadhara nguva nenguva mune ramangwana obva arega makore achipfuura pasina kusimbiswa anogona kurasikirwa nemari yekare nepo mutongo wacho uchiramba uchishanda.
Mutemo wekumanikidza unokanganiswa nenzira yawo, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu nemutemo wekumanikidza, nekupa mutongo kune ane chikwereti uye nekubvuma (art. 3:325 BW). Vatongi vematare vanowanzo tonga zvakare panguva dzakasiyana nekuda kwechikonzero ichi. Chero ani zvake ari kugadzirira kumhan'ara anofanira kunzwisisa kuti zita rechikwereti rinowanikwa sei pakutanga; chinyorwa chedu pamusoro pemutemo weDutch nemisangano yekutanga yakatsanangurwa chinotaura nezvenzira yekutonga, uye matanho anoshanda anotevera anotsanangurwa mugwaro redu rekuunganidza zvikwereti muNetherlands.
Nguva dzehunyanzvi dziri kunze kweMutemo weVanhu
Minda yakati wandei inoshanda nenguva dzayo, kazhinji pfupi, uye mitemo yeBhuku rechitatu inodzipa nzvimbo. Zvikumbiro zviri pasi peinishuwarenzi zvine hurongwa hwakasiyana muchikamu. 7:942 BW, nenguva inotanga kana munhu ane inishuwarenzi aziva kuti kurasikirwa kwavharwa uye iyo inokanganiswa nekuzivisa chikumbiro kune inishuwarenzi. Zvikumbiro zvinopikisana nehurumende zvinotongwa nemutemo wekutonga kwete neCivil Code: kuongororwa nekuunganidzwa kwemitero kunotevera Algemene wet inzake rijksbelastingen uye Invorderingswet 1990, nenguva dzayo nemitemo yayo yekukanganiswa. Usambofa wakaisa nguva yehurumende muchikwereti chemutemo weveruzhinji usina kutarisa mutemo unoshanda.
Wachi yekumisa inotanga rini chaizvo
Wachi inotanga zuva rinotevera chikumbiro chave kubhadharwa uye chave kubhadharwa. Mutongo mumwe chete iwoyo unogadzirisa mafaira mazhinji ekutengeserana: invoice inobhadharwa musi wa31 Kurume inotanga kushanda musi wa1 Kubvumbi, uye nguva yemakore mashanu yekunyora. 3:307 BW inopera pakupera kwa31 Kurume makore mashanu gare gare. Kana chibvumirano chikaisa zuva rekutumira kana zuva rekupedzisa, zuva rinotevera zuva iroro ndiro rinotanga chikumbiro zvichibva pakukundikana kuita.
Mamiriro maviri akasiyana nemutemo iwoyo uri nyore, uye ese ari maviri anokonzera zvikanganiso zvinodhura.
Zvisungo zvisina zuva rakatarwa
Kana mapato akabvumirana kuti kubhadhara kunofanirwa kuitwa mushure menguva isingazivikanwi, kazhinji chikwereti chinodzoserwa kana chakumbirwa kana mukwereti achikwanisa kubhadhara, nguva yemakore mashanu haitangi kana mari yachinjana. Pasi pechinyorwa 3:307 lid 2 BW inotanga chete zuva rinotevera zuva iro mukweretesi akazivisa kuti ari kudana chikumbiro. Muganho wepasi rose unoshanda: chikumbiro chinotaura chero nguva makore makumi maviri mushure mezuva iro kubhadharwa kwaigona kutanga kwakumbirwa, kana zvichidikanwa mushure mekuzivisa kwekugumisa chikwereti. Mukweretesi asingambodaidzi chikwereti saka haarasikirwe nechikumbiro mushure memakore mashanu, asi anorasikirwa nacho mushure memakumi maviri.
Zvikumbiro apo kukuvara kana mukwereti hazvizivikanwe
Panyaya dzezvikumbiro zvekukuvadzwa kana chirango chechibvumirano, art. 3:310 BW inotsiva nzvimbo yekutanga nechinangwa chemunhu. Nguva yemakore mashanu inotanga zuva rinotevera apo munhu akakuvadzwa aziva zvese kukuvara uye kuzivikanwa kwemunhu ane mhosva nazvo. Kuziva chaiko kunodiwa: kufungira kana chikonzero chekuferefeta hazvina kukwana, kunyangwe bato rinovhara maziso aro nemaune risingakwanise kuvimba nekusaziva kwaro. Hoge Raad yagara ichiti nguva inotanga kana munhu akakuvadzwa akwanisa kuunza chikumbiro, izvo zvinopa chokwadi chakakwana chekuti kukuvara kwacho kwakakonzerwa nerimwe bato.
Kutanga ikoko kunoenzaniswa nekumira kwenguva refu: chikumbiro chinoratidza kuti chero mushure memakore makumi maviri chiitiko chakakonzera kukuvara chakaitika, kana munhu akakuvara aiziva chero chinhu. Zvinhu zviviri zvisingabatanidzwi pakumira kwenguva refu zvinofanira kuzivikanwa. Kukuvadzwa kunokonzerwa nekusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza kana nezvinhu zvine njodzi kunofanirwa kupihwa muganho wemakore makumi matatu. Chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti, pakukuvara kwemunhu nerufu, kumira kwenguva refu kwemakore makumi maviri hakushande kune munhu ane mhosva; ipapo ndipo chete panosvika makore mashanu ekuziva, ndosaka zvichemo zvezvirwere zvebasa zvichionekwa makumi emakore mushure mekuratidzwa zvinogona kubudirira. Nyaya yedu pamusoro pekuti chikumbiro chinopera riini pasi pemutemo weDutch inoshanda kuburikidza nenzvimbo idzodzo dzekutanga zvakadzama.
Kukuvadzwa kunokonzerwa nemhosva
Kana kukuvara kunokonzerwa nemhosva, art. 3:310 BW inobatanidza nguva yemhosva neyakaipa: chero bedzi kodzero yekupomera mhosva yacho isina kutaurwa pachayo, chikumbiro chemhosva chemuripo hachitsananguri chero chipi zvacho. Nguva dzemhosva dzakanyorwa muart. 70 Sr uye dzinoenderana nemutongo mukuru, unobva pamakore matatu emhosva diki (overtredingen) kusvika kumakore makumi maviri emhosva dzakakomba, nepo mhosva dzakakomba dzisingachatauri zvachose. Saka munhu anenge abatwa nekubiridzira kana kubiridzira anogona kuramba aine chikumbiro chemhosva chinogona kusimbiswa kwenguva refu mushure mekunge nguva yemakore mashanu yakajairika yapera, uye nzira inoshanda inowanzo kuve yekubatana nemhosva semunhu akakuvara pane kutanga nyaya yakasiyana yemhosva.
Maitiro ekukanganisa wachi ne stuiting
Kukanganisa, kunonoka, kunodzima nguva yatopfuura uye kunotanga nguva itsva. Mutemo weDutch unobvuma nzira nhatu, uye imwe neimwe ine zvinodiwa zvayo.
Chekutanga chiito chepamutemo: kupa gwaro, kuendesa chikumbiro, kana kutora rimwe danho mumatare edzimhosva rakanangana nekuwana sarudzo pamusoro pechikumbiro (art. 3:316 BW). Kukanganiswa kunoenderana nekuti nyaya yacho inotungamira kupi. Kana chikumbiro chikabviswa kana kuti nyaya yacho ikaguma pasina chisarudzo pamusoro pezvakakodzera, kukanganiswa kwacho kunopera kunze kwekunge mukweretesi aunza chikumbiro chitsva mukati memwedzi mitanhatu. Kubatanidzwa pamberi pekutongwa uye kutongwa kwematare edzimhosva kunogona kuva nemigumisiro yakafanana, inova imwe yezvikonzero zvekufunga nezvekuchengetedza chinzvimbo chako nekubatanidzwa kwepamberi pekutongwa muNetherlands panguva imwe chete nekukanganisa nguva yacho.
Chechipiri, uye chinonyanya kushandiswa, kukanganiswa kwakanyorwa kwechinyorwa. 3:317 BW. Pakukumbira kushanda, nguva yacho inokanganiswa nechikumbiro chakanyorwa (aanmaning) kana nekutaurirana kwakanyorwa umo mukweretesi anochengetedza kodzero yekuita basa. Mashoko acho ane huremu hwese pano. Chiyeuchidzo chekubhadhara chinongoratidza chikwereti chisina kubhadharwa uye chinokumbira mukweretesi kuti abhadhare hachina kukwana; tsamba inofanira kujekesa, pasina mukana wekusava nechokwadi, kuti mukweretesi anoramba achida kushanda uye ane kodzero yekukusimbisa. Kune zvimwe zvikumbiro zvisiri zvekuita, semuenzaniso chikumbiro chekugumisa mamiriro ezvinhu asiri pamutemo, yambiro yakanyorwa inongokanganisa nguva yacho kana ikateverwa mukati memwedzi mitanhatu nechiito chepamutemo.
Nzira yechitatu ndeyemunhu ane chikwereti. Kubvuma chikumbiro kunovhiringidza nguva yacho (art. 3:318 BW), uye kubvuma hakudi mutemo zvachose. Kubhadhara chikamu, chikumbiro chehurongwa hwekubhadhara, chikumbiro chekugadzirisa mari yakaderera kana email inosimbisa kuti invoice ichabatwa nayo inogona kuunza mari imwe neimwe kubvuma. Vane chikwereti vanogara vachimutsiridza chikumbiro chavangadai vakakunda nekungoedza kunyora zvine musoro, uye njodzi iyoyo inofanira kuyerwa vasati vatumira mhinduro.
Nguva itsva inotaridzika sei
Kukanganisa hakugaropa mukweretesi nguva itsva yakazara yehurefu hwepakutanga. Pasi pechinyorwa. 3:319 BW nguva itsva inotanga pazuva rinotevera kukanganiswa, yakaenzana nenguva yekutanga asi isingapfuuri makore mashanu, uye chikumbiro hachimbotauri nguva isati yasvika pasina kukanganiswa. Saka nguva yemakore makumi maviri inokanganiswa inoteverwa nemakore mashanu, kwete nemamwe makumi maviri. Kusimbiswa kwemutongo kunotevera pfungwa imwechete kuburikidza nechinyorwa. 3:325 BW, ndosaka kushumira mutongo makore mashoma ega ega kuri tsika yakajairika pane kusarudzwa kweruremekedzo.
Kunyora gwaro rinoshanda
Tsamba inoshanda yekumisa nyaya inoratidza chikumbiro nemazvo, inotaura huwandu kana mashandiro anodiwa, inoreva chibvumirano chiripo kana invoice, uye inopedzisa nekuchengetedza kodzero yekuita uye kutora matanho epamutemo. Tumira nenzira inogona kusimbiswa: positi yakanyoreswa, kana email ine chisimbiso chekutumira uye kopi mufaira. Pfungwa iyoyo yeuchapupu ndiyo inosarudza, nekuti mukweretesi anovimba nekumisa nyaya ane mutoro wekuratidza kuti zvakaitika uye kuti zvakasvika kune ane chikwereti (art. 150 Rv). Tsamba isingaratidzwe kuti yasvika, nekuda kwezvinangwa izvi, itsamba isina kumbotumirwa. Dhayari yekumisa nyaya inotevera mushure mekutumira yapfuura.
Kana nguva yacho yawedzerwa: verlenging
Kuwedzerwa, verlenging, hakuna kufanana nekukanganiswa uye kwakaganhurirwa kupfuura zvinotaurwa nevakawanda. Haimbomiri nguva yobva yarega ichienderera mberi kubva payakamira. Pasi pechinyorwa 3:320 BW, kana nguva yekuganhurira ikaguma nepo nzvimbo yekuwedzera iripo, kana mukati memwedzi mitanhatu mushure mekunge nzvimbo iyoyo yapera, nguva yacho inoramba iripo kusvika mwedzi mitanhatu mushure mekunge pasi ranyangarika. Mhedzisiro yacho inguva yemwedzi mitanhatu yakavimbiswa, kwete kuomeswa nechando.
Zvikonzero zvacho zvakanyorwa zvizere muchikamu. 3:321 BW. Zviripo, pakati pezvimwe zviitiko, pakati pevakaroorana nevakaroorana vakanyoreswa vasina kuparadzaniswa zviri pamutemo, pakati pemunhu wepamutemo nevatungamiriri vake, pakati pemunhu ari pasi pekuchengetedzwa kana kutarisirwa kwekuchengetedza nemutariri kana mutariri ane chekuita nazvo, pakati pemwana mudiki nemumiriri wavo wepamutemo, uye pakati pemukweretesi nemukwereti anovanza nemaune kuvapo kwechikwereti kana kuti chokwadi chekuti chave chakakodzera. Kuwedzerwa kunoshandawo kana mukweretesi akadziviswa nechisimba kuti asakanganisa nguva yacho. Nyaya yakafanana ihukama kana mamiriro ezvinhu anoita kuti zvive zvisina musoro kutarisira kuti mukweretesi atore matanho epamutemo.
Chisiri chikonzero chekuwedzerwa kwenyaya iyi inyaya yekutaurirana kwekugadzirisa nyaya. Mune mamwe masisitimu emutemo ari pedyo, hurukuro pakati pemapato dzinomisa nguva yekuganhurirwa nekushanda kwemutemo; mutemo weDutch hauna mutemo wakadaro. Mukweretesi anotaurirana kwemwedzi gumi nemisere achitenda kuti nguva yamira anenge ava pedyo nekurasikirwa nechikumbiro chake nemwedzi gumi nemisere. Mhinduro chaiyo ndeyekutumira tsamba yekumisa nyaya panguva yekutaurirana, kana kubvumirana nekunyora kuti mukweretesi haazokumbire mutero kwenguva yakatarwa. Kumira kwakanyorwa ikoko chikumbiro chakajairika, chisina gakava mubhizinesi reDutch, uye chero mukweretesi anotaurirana nekutenda kwakanaka haafanire kunetseka kuchibvuma.
Chii chinosara pane chikumbiro kana changotaurwa
Chikumbiro chakatemwa chinova chisungo chechisikigo pasi pechinyorwa. 6:3 BW. Chikwereti chiripo, asi hachigone kusimbiswa kuburikidza nematare. Migumisiro mitatu inotevera, uye pamwe chete vanotsanangura kuti nei chikumbiro chekare chisingawanzo shanda zvachose.
Chekutanga, kubhadhara chikwereti chakatarwa kuri muripo chaiwo. Munhu anobhadhara nekuzvidira haakwanise kudzosa mari yacho nekuda kwekuti chikumbiro chacho chaisagona kutevedzwa, nekuti paive nechisungo chekuita, asi kwete chekumanikidza.
Chechipiri, kodzero yekubvisa mari inosara. Art. 6:131 BW inoti simba rekubvisa mari harigumiri pakunyoreswa kwechikwereti. Kana mutengesi akabata invoice yemakore matanhatu apfuura isingachakwanisi kumhan'arirwa, uye mumwe chete iyeye akatumira invoice kumutengesi webasa idzva, chikumbiro chekare chinogona kushandiswa kudzima chikwereti chitsva kusvika chasvika. Chikumbiro hachichagoni kushandiswa semunondo, asi chinoramba chiri nhoo. Iyi ndiyo pfungwa inonyanya kukosha kune mukweretesi akagara panzvimbo dzekare, dzisingamanikidzwi achipesana nemumwe waachiri kutengeserana naye.
Chechitatu, mushonga unogona kuregererwa. Art. 3:322 BW inorambidza kuregererwa mushonga usati wapera, ndosaka chikamu chechibvumirano chinotaura kuti chinowedzera nguva yemutemo chisingabatsiri, asi chinobvumira kuregererwa kana nguva yacho yapera. Mukwereti uyo, mushure mekupera, anobvuma chikwereti pachena uye anotaura kuti hachizoshandisi mushonga anogona kudzorera mukwereti panzvimbo iyo chikumbiro chinogona kusimbiswa zvakare. Iyi injodzi chaiyo kune vane chikwereti vanopindura chikumbiro chekare vasina kutora zano, uye mukana chaiwo kune vane chikwereti vanoisa pfungwa yacho nokungwarira.
Mufananidzo wekuchinja-chinja uku ndewekuti mapato anobvumirana anogona kupfupisa nguva. Muzvibvumirano zvebhizinesi nebhizinesi uye mazwi akajairika, chikamu chinoderedza nguva yemutemo kusvika, ngatitii, gore rimwe chinowanzo shanda. Muzvibvumirano zvevatengi hazvisi: chikamu chinoderedza muganho wemutemo kana nguva yekurasikirwa kusvika pasi pegore rimwe chinoonekwa pane blacklist ye art. 6:236 BW uye chinogona kushandiswa nemutengi. Iyi ipfungwa yakajairika yekutarisa pese paunopihwa seti yemitemo yakajairika mukukakavadzana kwemutemo wevanhu.
Zvikanganiso zvinodhura zvikumbiro
Matambudziko mazhinji emishonga yekurapa haakonzerwi nemibvunzo yepamutemo isina kujairika. Anokonzerwa nepfungwa shoma dzinogara dzichitaurwa, imwe neimwe isiriyo.
Chekutanga ndechekuti chiyeuchidzo chinogumira. Masisitimu eakaunzi anotumira zviyeuchidzo otomatiki pamazuva makumi matatu, makumi matanhatu nemakumi mapfumbamwe, uye hapana kana chimwe chazvo chine kodzero yekuita basa maererano nezviri muchikamu. 3:317 BW inoda. Faira rakazara nezviyeuchidzo harigoni kuva negumira zvachose.
Chechipiri ndechekuti account iri kushanda inyaya imwe chete. Kana mutengesi achiendesa mari pamwedzi uye ma invoice mwedzi wega wega, invoice yega yega ine zuva rayo rekupedzisira uye nguva yayo yemakore mashanu. Chinzvimbo chekusabhadhara chikwereti chakavakwa mumakore matanhatu chinosanganisira zvikumbiro izvo zvekare zvakatotaurwa, uye kudiwa kwehuwandu hwese kunokoka dziviriro shoma iri nyore kushandisa uye yakaoma kupindura.
Chechitatu ndechekuti hurukuro dzinomisa nguva. Hadzidaro, sezvataurwa pamusoro apa. Chechina ndechekuti chikumbiro chinonyangarika chega kana nguva yacho yapera: hachidaro, uye mukwereti anokundikana kushandisa mushonga wemutero mukutongwa achatongerwa kubhadhara. Chechina, kudivi remukwereti, ari kupindura chikumbiro chekare chisina kurongeka. Meseji pfupi iri kuda kubhadhara chimwe chinhu kuti nyaya yacho ipere ndeyekubvuma, uye inomutsiridza chikumbiro chakanga chatofa.
Musungo wechitanhatu, une chekuita nemakambani nemapoka anotevedzana ane zvibvumirano. Kukanganiswa kunoshanda chete kune ane chikwereti chaanotaurirwa. Kana chibvumirano chaendeswa, bhizinesi ratengeswa sebasa rinoenderera mberi, kana kuti kambani imwe chete iri muboka, tsamba inotumirwa kusangano risiri iro haipindi chinhu. Tarisa ane chikwereti murejista yekutengeserana tsamba isati yabuda, kwete mushure mekunge nguva yapera.
Zvekuita izvozvi
Kune anokweretesa, basa racho nderekutonga risati rava repamutemo. Nyora, pachikwereti chega chega chisina kubhadharwa, zuva raifanira kuitwa, zuva rekutanga kwenguva yacho, nguva yakakodzera uye zuva rekupera rayo, uye isa chiyeuchidzo mwedzi mitanhatu isati yasvika zuva iroro. Mwedzi mitanhatu haisi yekusarura: inosiya nguva yekusimbisa sangano repamutemo rakakodzera, kunyora tsamba yekumisa inosangana nebvunzo yepamutemo, kuratidza kuendeswa kwayo, uye kana zvichidikanwa kupa matanho. Kana chikumbiro chiri chikuru uye mukwereti achiratidzika seasina kugadzikana, tsamba yekumisa pachayo ingasakwana, uye chibatiso pamberi pekutongwa ndicho chishandiso chinochengetedza kudzoserwa kwete kungova kodzero yekumhan'arira.
Kana munhu ane chikwereti akatarisana nechikumbiro chekare, shandai nenzira yakasiyana. Tarisai kuti chikwereti chasvika riini, taurai nguva yakakodzera, uye tarisai faira kuti hapana chinomukanganisa: chikumbiro chepamutemo, gwaro rekare, muripo, kana tsamba yakanyorwa inogona kuverengwa sekubvuma. Kana nguva yacho yapera, bvunzai chiremba zvakajeka uye nekunyora, uye musataure chinhu chinganzi chinobvuma chikwereti. Nekuti dare harizotauri pamusoro pako, kudzivirirwa kunofanira kukumbirwa, uye kunofanira kukumbirwa zvakajeka.
Mumabasa ese ari maviri, mubvunzo unokosha unowanzova weuchapupu kwete wedzidziso. Ndiani anogona kuratidza zvakatumirwa, kuti zvakagamuchirwa riini, uye zvataurwa. Mafaira akachengetedzwa zvakanaka anogara aripo pane nharo dzechiremba; mafaira asiri, haadaro.
Imwe nzira inoshanda inofanirwa kutaurwa nekuti inowanzo furatirwa kana nguva yekupedzisira yasvika. Kuburitsa nyaya kunokanganisa nguva iri pasi pechinyorwa 3:316 BW, uye pakukumbira mari kusvika padanho repamutemo dare redunhu (kantonrechter) rinopa nzira iyo bato rinogona kumhan'arira risina gweta uye mari yacho inoramba yakaenzana nemari iri munjodzi. Kana munhu ane chikwereti akasimbiswa kune imwe nzvimbo muEuropean Union, European Small Claims Procedure inopa nzira yakafanana yekuyambuka miganhu. Zvese zviri zviviri zvakanyorwa muchinyorwa chedu pamusoro pekukumbira mari kudiki muNetherlands . Kutanga chikumbiro chidiki dzimwe nguva kunodhura pane imwe nguva yekunyorerana, uye kunobvisa gakava rekuti nguva yacho yakambomiswa here.
Mibvunzo inowanzobvunzwa
Mibvunzo iri pazasi inomuka mufaira rega rega nezvenyaya yekare, kubva kumativi ese ari maviri emakakatanwa.
Ko kubhadhara chikamu kunotangazve here nguva yekuganhurirwa?
Ehe, zvinowanzoita saizvozvo. Mukuona kwemutemo, kubhadhara chikamu chemari kunoonekwa se'kubvuma chikwereti' ( erkenning van de schuld ). Ichi chiito chimwe chete chinobaya bhatani rekugadzirisa chikwereti panguva yekuganhurirwa, zvichitanga nguva itsva, yakazara kubva pazuva rekubhadhara ikoko.
Fungidzira chikumbiro chine nguva yakatarwa yemakore mashanu. Kana munhu ane chikwereti akabhadhara mari diki mushure memakore mana nemwedzi gumi nerimwe, kutengeserana ikoko kamwe chete kunogadzirisa nguva yese. Mukweretesi iye zvino ane mamwe makore mashanu akazara ekutevera zviri pamutemo mari yasara. Kune vane chikwereti, ichi chinhu chakakosha kurangarira—kunyangwe muripo mudiki unogona kuunza hupenyu hutsva muchikwereti chekare, chisingagoneke kushandiswa.
Musiyano uripi pakati peInterruption nesuspension?
Kunyange zvazvo kukanganiswa ( stuiting ) uye suspension ( verlenging ) zvichikanganisa nguva yekuganhurira, zvinoita izvi nenzira dzakasiyana zvachose. Kuwana musiyano uyu nemazvo ndiko kwakakosha pakugadzirisa nguva yekutaura.
Heino nzira iri nyore yekufunga nezvazvo:
- Kuvhiringidza (stuiting) zvakafanana nekurova reset bhatani pastopwatch. Inomisa kuverenga kwazvino uye pakarepo inotanga imwe yehurefu hwakafanana hwepakutanga. Izvi zvinoitika kana iwe ukatumira tsamba yekuda, tanga mhosva, kana uyo ane chikwereti achibvuma chikwereti.
- Kumiswa (extension) zvakafanana nekurova kumbomira bhataniNguva iyi inowedzerwa kune chimwe chezvikonzero zvakanyorwa muArt. 3:321 BW, zvakaita sekukumbirana pakati pevakaroorana kana chikwereti chinovanzwa nemaune. Kutaurirana kwekugadzirisa nyaya hakusi chikonzero chakadaro pasi pemutemo weDutch. Kana chibvumirano ichocho chapera, nguva yacho inoramba iripo uye haiperi kusvika mwedzi mitanhatu yapera (Art. 3:320 BW). Haitangi patsva.
Kune vakweretesi vari kutsvaga kuchengetedza zvavanotaura zviri zvipenyu, kukanganisa ndicho chinhu chinonyanya kushandiswa uye chine simba.
Ndingakwanisa here kutora chikwereti mushure mekunge nguva yekurambidzwa yapera?
Kana nguva yekugumira yakwira, unorasikirwa nekugona kwako kushandisa matare kumanikidza kubhadhara-chero bedzi mukwereti achisimudza izvi sekuzvidzivirira kwavo. Chirevo hachingonyangarika; inova iyo inozivikanwa se'chisungo chechisikigo'. Zvichiri kukweretwa nenzira yetsika, asi simba rako repamutemo rekuzvisimbisa kuburikidza nedare rakaenda.
Zvisinei, chikumbiro hachisi zvachose pasina kukosha.
Kana munhu ane chikwereti akasarudza kubhadhara chikwereti chapera, haakwanise kutendeuka oda kudzoserwa mari yake achiti hachina simba rekushandisa chikwereti chacho. Unogona zvakare kushandisa chikwereti chapera kuti 'ubhadhare' ( verrekening ) kune chimwe chikwereti chawakambova nacho pamunhu iyeye. Asi chombo chako chikuru—kumhan'arira—hachisipo.
Mitemo yakasiyana inoshanda here pazvikwereti zvehurumende kana zvemitero?
Zvamazvirokwazvo. Musungo wakajairika kufunga kuti nguva yakatarwa yevagari vemo inoshanda kune chero rudzi rwechikwereti. Zvikwereti zvine zvikwereti kuhurumende, semitero kana mafaindi, zvinowira pasi pemutemo wekutonga, kwete mutemo wevagari vemo. Ivo vane yavo seti yemitemo uye kazhinji ipfupi nguva yekuganhurira.
Semuenzaniso, dare remitero reDutch ( Belastingdienst ) rinowanzova nemakore matatu ekupa mutero wemitero uye makore mashanu ekuunganidza chikwereti chemitero chakagara chiripo. Nguva idzi dzinogona kuchinja zvichienderana nemutero chaiwo nemamiriro ezvinhu. Usambofa wakafungidzira kuti nguva dzehurumende dzemakore maviri, mashanu, kana makumi maviri dzinoshanda kune zvichemo zvehurumende. Gara uchiongorora mitemo chaiyo yesangano rehurumende riri kutaurwa nezvaro kuti usaite chikanganiso chinodhura.
Wachi yekudzikisira inotanga kushanda rini chaizvo?
Pokutangira—nguva iyo wachi inotanga kushanda zviri pamutemo—inyaya yerudzi rwechikumbiro. Haisi nguva dzose zuva iro chibvumirano chakasainwa. Mutemo mukuru ndewekuti wachi inotanga kufamba pazuva rinotevera chikumbiro chave kubhadharwa uye chave kubhadharwa ( opeisbaar ).
Ngatitarisei mienzaniso mishoma yepasirese:
- Yeinvoice: Wachi inotanga zuva pashure zuva rekubhadhara rakadhindwa painvoice.
- Yechikwereti Pasina Zuva Rekubhadhara: Nguva yemakore mashanu inotanga chete pazuva rinotevera zuva iro mukweretesi akazivisa kuti ari kudana chikwereti (art. 3:307 lid 2 BW), uye chero zvodini makore makumi maviri mushure mekunge mari yabhadharwa yatanga kudiwa.
- Zvekukuvadza: Nguva yemakore mashanu inotanga kana munhu akuvara angoziva nezvekukuvara kwese uye kuzivikanwa kwemunhu akazvikonzera.
Kunongedza zuva rekutanga iri kwakakosha. Kana mukweretesi akazviita zvisizvo, angafunga kuti ane nguva yakawanda kupfuura yaanonyatsoita, izvo zvinogona kuva kukanganisa kwakashata.
Ko kana chikumbiro changu chichibva pamhosva?
Kana chikumbiro chemhosva chehurumende chakabatana nemhosva, mitemo yepamutemo inogona kuchinja zvakanyanya. Kana chikumbiro chako chemhosva chemhosva chichibva pane chimwe chinhu chiri mhosvawo - sekuba kana hutsotsi hwakakonzera kurasikirwa nemari - mutemo chaiwo unoshanda.
Chikumbiro chako chemhosva hachigone kupera nguva isati yakwana yekutongerwa mhosva. Pasi pechikamu 70 Sr, nguva yekuganhurirwa kwemhosva inoenderana nemutongo mukuru, unobva pamakore matatu emhosva diki ( overtredingen ) kusvika kumakore makumi maviri emhosva dzakakomba, nepo mhosva dzakakomba dzisingachashandiswi zvachose. Chikumbiro chemhosva chakabatana nemhosva yemhosva chinogona kuramba chichisimbiswa kupfuura makore gumi . Izvi zvinoreva kuti kana chikumbiro chako chemhosva chinowanzopera mumakore mashanu, asi chakabatana nemhosva ine nguva yekutongwa kwemakore gumi nemaviri, nguva yako yekupedzisira inowedzerwa kuti ienderane nenguva iyoyo yakareba. Izvi zvinopa vanobatwa nemhosva mukana wakakura wekutsvaga kururamisirwa kwemari mumatare edzimhosva.
Munhu ane chikwereti anogona here kubvuma chikwereti chake kana chapera?
Ehe, vanogona, asi izvi zvinouya nechinhu chakakosha. Kana nguva yekuganhurirwa yapera, chikumbiro hachingonyangarika—chinoshanduka kuita icho mutemo unoti "chisungo chechisikigo" ( natuurlijke verbintenis ). Izvi zvinoreva kuti hauchakwanisi kuenda kudare kunomanikidza mukwereti kuti abhadhare.
Saka, kana munhu ane chikwereti akabhadhara nekuzvidira kana kubvuma chikwereti mushure mekunge chikumbiro chapera, haakwanise kutendeuka oda kuti mari yake idzoserwe. Zvisinei, uye ichi ndicho chikamu chakakosha, kuti kubhadhara hakudzoserwe chikumbiro chacho. Zvisinei, munhu ane chikwereti anogona, kuregera gwaro rakazadzwa pasi pechikamu 3:322 BW, uye kubvuma pachena mushure mekunge nguva yapera kunogona kureva kuregererwa kwakadaro, izvo zvinoita kuti zvikwanisike kushanda. Iwe, semukweretesi, hauna kodzero yepamutemo yekumhan'arira mari yasara.
Muchidimbu: muripo wekuzvidira pachikwereti chisina nguva yakakwana chibvumirano chakaitwa nemunhu ane chikwereti, asi hachivhuri mukana wekutora matanho epamutemo kunze kwekunge munhu ane chikwereti arega gwaro rechikwereti rakazadzwa. Kusvikira izvozvo zvaitika, chikwereti chasara chinoramba chisingaunganidzwe kuburikidza nematare.
Kutumira chiyeuchidzo chekubhadhara chiri nyore zvakakwana here kukanganisa nguva yekugumira?
Kwete, kwete zvachose. Chiyeuchidzo cheushamwari chekuti invoice yanonoka hachina kukwana kukanganisa nguva yakatarwa. Mutemo weDutch wakaoma pane izvi; "kukanganisa" kwakakodzera kunoda nzira yakarongeka.
Kuti ugadzirise nguva zviri pamutemo, unofanirwa kutumira chikumbiro chakanyorwa chisina kujeka chekuti ubhadhare. Kutaurirana uku kunofanira kuratidza pachena kuti iwe, mukweretesi, une kodzero yako yekutevera matanho epamutemo kana chikwereti chisina kubhadharwa. Chiyeuchidzo chakajairika hachisviki padanho iroro. Ndosaka kutumira tsamba yepamutemo yekukanganisa chikwereti (tsamba chaiyo yekukanganisa chikwereti) kuchikosha zvikuru.
Mabhizinesi anogona here kuchinja nguva dzekuganhurirwa muzvibvumirano zvavo?
Izvi zvinogoneka, asi chete mune zvimwe zviitiko uye mukati memiganhu yepamutemo yakasimba. Muzvibvumirano zvebhizinesi-ku-bhizinesi (B2B), mapato anowanzova nerusununguko rwekutaurirana uye anogona kubvumirana kupfupisa nguva yakatarwa yemiganhu yemutemo.
Zvisinei, kuedza kuwedzera nguva iyi inyaya yakasiyana. Izvi hazviwanzo bvumidzwa nekuti zvinokanganisa chinangwa chemitemo iyi: kupa chokwadi chepamutemo. Mitemo yacho yakanyanya kuomarara kana zvasvika pazvibvumirano zvevatengi. Chitsauko mumashoko akajairika evatengi chinodzikisa muganho wemutemo kana nguva yekurasikirwa kusvika pasi pegore rimwe chinoonekwa pane blacklist ye art. 6:236 BW uye chinogona kushandiswa nemutengi.
sei Law and More anogona kubatsira
Law and More inopa mazano kune vanokweretesa nevanokweretesa nezvenguva dzekuganhurirana mumakakatanwa ekutengeserana, echibvumirano uye emhosva. Tinoongorora kana chikumbiro chichiri kushanda, tonyora tsamba dzekumisa nyaya dzinosangana nezvinodiwa neArt. 3:317 BW, chengetedza nzvimbo dzine chibatiso usati watonga apo kudzoserwa kuri panjodzi, uye mhanyisa dziviriro yemushonga kana chikumbiro chasvika kunonoka. Kana uine chikumbiro chekare, kana chiri kutarisana nechimwe, taura nehofisi yedu kuti chikumbiro chiongororwe usati wapindura.
