Mapurojekiti esimba rezuva muNetherlands: hurongwa hwepamutemo hwedenga rezuva uye pasi pevhu

Solar ndiyo nzira inokurumidza yekuwana simba rinodzokororwa muNetherlands, uye basa repamutemo rakaoma kupfuura mainjiniya. Ungave uri kuisa mapaneru padenga reimba yako yekuchengetera zvinhu, kurenda denga kune mugadziri wezvivako, kana kurenda minda yekurima yezuva, mibvunzo mina imwe chete ndiyo inosarudza kana purojekiti ichikwanisa kuwana mari: ndiani muridzi wenzvimbo yacho, ndiani angaivaka, ndiani angatengesa magetsi, uye kuti mushandi wegrid achaibatanidza riini.

Mhando nhatu dzemapurojekiti, matambudziko matatu akasiyana emutemo

Mutemo weDutch hauna "mutemo wezuva". Purojekiti yezuva inounganidzwa kubva mumutemo wepfuma, kuronga, simba, chibvumirano uye rubatsiro, uye chii chinonyanya kukosha zvinoenderana nerudzi rweprojekiti.

Zviri nyore kushandisa simba rezuva padenga rako wega . Iwe ndiwe muridzi wechivako uye chiri kuiswa uye unoshandisa magetsi. Kazhinji hapana mvumo, hapana kodzero yekuvaka ivhu uye hapana mubvunzo werezinesi rekugovera; nyaya dziripo ndedzekuvaka, inishuwarenzi uye kubatana kwegrid.

Solar iri padenga rakarenderwa kune mumwe munhu inoparadzanisa muridzi nekushandiswa. Mugadziri wezvivako anovaka uye ndiye muridzi wenzvimbo yacho padenga rako uye anokutengesa simba racho kwauri, kune muridzi wako, kana kune grid. Izvozvo zvinoda rendi yedenga, kodzero yekuisa zvinhu zvakakwirira, hurongwa hwekubatanidza, uye mitemo yekutengeswa kwechivako.

Purazi remagetsi ezuva rakaiswa pasi ipurojekiti yekuvandudza. Rinoda mvumo yekuronga, kodzero chaiyo pamusoro pevhu rinosara mushure mekutengeswa uye rinotsigira chikwereti chemba, kubatanidza grid kungave kuri kure nemakore, uye nzira yekubvisa pakupera.

Mvumo uye kuronga

Kana simba rezuva repadenga risingabvumidzwe

Pasi pemutemo weOmgevingswet, mapaneru nevaunganidzi vari padenga vanosarudzwa munyika yese sechirongwa chekuchengetedza zvakatipoteredza chisina mvumo muBesluit bouwwerken leefomgeving (art. 2.28 Bbl uye art. 2.29 Bbl). Padenga rakadzikwa mapaneru anofanira kugara mukati medenga uye kutevedzera kona yaro; padenga rakati sandara anofanira kudzoserwa kumashure kubva kumucheto nekukwirira kwepaneru; inverter kana nzvimbo yekuchengetera zvinhu inofanira kunge iri mukati mechivako.

Kusava nemvumo hakusi kusina mitemo. Zvinodiwa zvehunyanzvi zveBbl zvichiri kushanda, uye kusimba kwedenga ndiko kunonyanya kukonzera dambudziko: denga rekare remaindasitiri kazhinji harigone kutakura sisitimu yakasungirirwa. Ita kuverenga kwechimiro usati wasaina.

Zvivako zvakanyorwa uye nzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa dzemaguta

Kuregererwa kunobviswa panhaka yakachengetedzwa. Art. 2.30 Bbl haibatanidzi zvivakwa zvenyika, zvivakwa zvenyika zvakachengetedzwa kwenguva pfupi uye zvivakwa zviri muguta kana musha wakachengetedzwa. Izvozvo zvinoda kuongororwa, uye pachivako chenyika chiitiko chechivako chinoongororwawo, icho chiri bvunzo yenhaka yakakosha. Zvivako zvemumaguta nematunhu zvinobatwa nazvo muhurongwa hwezvakatipoteredza kana mutemo wedunhu.

Solar yakamiswa pasi: omgevingsvergunning uye nzira yeBOPA

Purazi rezuva riri panyika yekurima kana isina kushandiswa rinowanzo pesana nebasa rinopihwa nehurongwa hwezvakatipoteredza kunyika. Izvi zvinoita kuti ive chiitiko chehurongwa hwezvakatipoteredza chisina kurongwa, chinonzi buitenplanse omgevingsplanactiviteit kana BOPA, icho chinodiwa kuti chigadziriswe (art. 5.1 Ow). Maitiro akajairika anoshanda semutemo: mavhiki masere, anogona kuwedzerwa neatanhatu. Maitiro akawedzerwa, ane mwedzi mitanhatu, anoshanda muzviitiko zvakanyorwa muOmgevingswet (art. 16.65 Ow).

Zvinhu zvitatu hazvikosheswi. Kutora chikamu munzvimbo dzakapoteredza kunotarisirwa uye kunoedzwa zvakakomba. Pasi pechinyorwa 16.15a, kanzuru yemuguta inopa mazano ekumanikidzwa pabasa rehurongwa hwezvakatipoteredza risiri rehurongwa hwakarongeka munyaya dzakasarudzwa nekanzuru pachayo. Chisungo ichi hachimanikidze kanzuru yega yega kugadzira runyorwa rwakadaro, saka kana basa rekupa mazano richishanda kune imwe purojekiti rinofanira kuongororwa pachisarudzo chekugadzwa kwekanzuru; pazvinoshanda, kushandiswa kwehunyanzvi kunova sarudzo yezvematongerwo enyika. Uye kuongorora zvakatipoteredza nemhedzisiro yezvakatipoteredza zvinoumba dhizaini: kana kuongorora (mer-beoordeling) kuchidikanwa kunotevera kubva pachikamu D kusvika kuBesluit mer, inoverengwa pamwe neOmgevingsbesluit, iyo inoisa miganho nekutarisa nzvimbo yepamusoro uye kugona kwakaiswa.

Nzvimbo yeZonneladder uye kwainogona kuenda mapurazi ezuva

Ladder yezuva, kana kuti solar ladder, ndiyo nzira yekusarudza inotungamirwa nesolar kumatenga enyika yagara ichishandiswa kana kuti isina kukosha zvakanyanya isati yasvika ivhu rekurima rakavhurika uye zvakasikwa. Imutemo, kwete mutemo. Yakatangira mumutemo wenyika kubva muna 2019 uye inotanga kushanda kuburikidza nemaonero enharaunda yedunhu nemitemo uye kuburikidza nemutemo wezuva wemaguta, uyo unoratidza kuti purazi rinogona kufungwa nezvei uye pasi pemamiriro api.

Saka mubvunzo wekuti "izvi zvinobvumirwa here" hausi iwo mubvunzo wakarurama. Wakarurama ndewekuti nzvimbo iyi iri mukati mezvikamu zvakatotaurwa nedunhu nekanzuru kuti vachagamuchira here. Kunze kwavo, munhu anenge akumbira mvumo ndiye ane mutoro wekuzviruramisa.

Kodzero dzevhu: chinhu chinonyanya kukosha pane ino peji

Kubvumirana: nei chibvumirano chisina kukwana

Kuva muridzi wevhu muNetherlands kunosanganisira zvivakwa nemabasa zvakabatana nazvo zvachose (art. 5:20 BW). Uku ndiko kugadzwa kwevhu, kana kuti kugadzwa kwevhu. Kana mugadziri wevhu akavaka nzvimbo yemagetsi inoiswa nesolar panyika kana padenga remumwe munhu, nzvimbo yacho inova yemuridzi wevhu nekushanda kwemutemo.

Kurenda hakugadzirise izvi. Kurenda ivhu, huur, kana ivhu rekurima, pacht, kunopa kodzero yemunhu yekushandisa. Hazvibvisi muridzi wemuridzi wevhu. Mugadziri weimba ane rendi chete akashandisa mamiriyoni pazvinhu zvemumwe wake uye haakwanise kupa chengetedzo pamusoro pazvo.

Kodzero ye superficies

Mhinduro yacho ikodzero ye superficies, iyo opstalrecht: kodzero chaiyo yekuva kana kuwana muridzi wezvivakwa, mabasa kana mapurani mukati, pamusoro kana pamusoro pepfuma isingatamike yemumwe munhu (art. 5:101 BW). Zvinotyora mutemo wekupinda, saka kuiswa kunoramba kuri pfuma yemuridzi wekodzero.

Inofanira kugadzirwa negwaro remutemo uye yakanyoreswa (art. 3:89 BW). Nekuti ikodzero chaiyo inosunga mutengi wevhu otomatiki, uye nekuti rakanyoreswa rinogona kukwereteswa. Ndosaka pasina bhangi rinobhadhara purazi rezuva pavhu rechitatu-bato nerendi chete. Gwaro remutemo rinofanira kugadzirisa nguva, rinoenderana nehupenyu hwepurojekiti uye kubviswa kwemari; kufungidzirwa, kungave kuripo kwemari nguva nenguva kana mari yakawanda; zvirambidzo pakugumisa; mortgage nekuchinjisa; uye chinzvimbo pakupera kwetemu.

Kodzero inogona kugadzirwa yakazvimirira kana sekodzero inobva pachikwereti chekare, kuitira kuti zvese zvienderane. Chisingashande chibvumirano chekare chine vimbiso yekupa kodzero yepamusoro "pakupera kwemari", izvo zvinofumura mugadziri webhizinesi panguva chaiyo yaari kushandisa mari.

Zvinhu zviviri zvine chekuita nazvo zvinokosha. Nzira yekutonga mitero pamidziyo inofambiswa inowanikwa panzvimbo yebhizinesi inogona kusvika kumidziyo yemumwe munhu (art. 22 Invorderingswet 1990), chimwe chikonzero chekuva nekodzero chaiyo yakanyoreswa. Uye kana ivhu rikakweretwa kurima kwekutengeserana, mutemo wepact unoshanda (art. 7:311 BW); purazi rezuva harisi kurima, saka hukama ihwohwo hunofanira kutanga hwapera.

Rendi yedenga

Ongororo imwe chete iyi inoshandawo pamatenga, asi pane chimwe chinhu chakanaka. Sisitimu yakasungirirwa iri padenga ingangove isina kubatana zvachose nechivako, saka kupinda kwayo kungasashanda. Nhaurirano yacho inoremekedzwa asi haina chokwadi, uye hapana mukweretesi achaikweretesa. Muchokwadi, rendi yedenga inosanganiswa nepamusoro pedenga, tambo nekamuri rehunyanzvi.

Chibvumirano cherendi yedenga chinoshanda chinogadzirisawo kupinda nekuziviswa, mutoro wekudonha kwemvura nekukuvadzwa, kuti ndiani anobhadhara kana denga rava kutsiviwa uye mapaneru abviswa uye adzorerwa, mutoro unofanirwa kutakurwa nedenga, inishuwarenzi, uye chinzvimbo pakutengeswa.

Kubatana kwegrid uye kuzara kwemidziyo

Grid ndiyo yava dambudziko guru paDutch solar. Vashandi venetwork vanotaura pachena kuti network yakazara munzvimbo dzakawanda, uye munzvimbo zhinji dzenyika hapana nzvimbo itsva yekuisa magetsi kana yakumbirwa. Kana pasina, chirongwa ichi chinobatana nemutsara uku mushandi achiongorora manejimendi ekugadzirisa kuzara kwemagetsi uye kusimbisa simba remagetsi.

Kune chero chirongwa chehukuru, chiratidzo chekutakura, uye gare gare chibvumirano chekubatanidza nekutakura, tanga waronga nguva, chikumbiro cherubatsiro uye mari. Tanga wagadzira nzvimbo yekubatanidza uye gadzira chimiro chebhizinesi chakakomberedza. Kana pasina kugona kwekambani, dzimwe nzira dzinosanganisira zvibvumirano zvekutakura zvinochinjika, kubatanidza tambo, kuderedzwa nekugadzira, uye kuchengetwa kwese kwekubatanidza. Chirongwa chakaderedzwa chinoburitsa zvishoma, uye chibvumirano chekubvisa chinofanira kuratidza izvozvo.

Kupa magetsi: kuseri kwemita uye rezenisi yekugovera

Kana ukagadzira magetsi padenga rako wega woshandisa magetsi iwe pachako, hapana munhu waunopa uye hapana mitemo yesimba inoteverwa. Izvozvo zvinoshanduka kana magetsi angosvika kune rimwe divi.

Pasi pemutemo weEnergiewet hazvibvumidzwe kupa magetsi kana gasi kumushandisi wekupedzisira ane connection diki asina rezinesi (art. 2.17 Energiewet). Chinodiwa chakabatana nehukuru hweconnection yemutengi, uye ndicho chinosarudza nyaya zhinji. Kupa mugari webhizinesi connection yake hombe hakudi rezinesi uye kwakanyorwa sechibvumirano chekutenga magetsi panzvimbo . Kupa vatengi vadiki vari shure kweconnection yako pachako kunosanganisira kurambidzwa, kunze kwekunge paine musiyano.

Kana chivako chine imwe nzvimbo yekubatanidza uye vanhu vakawanda vanogara navo, zvivakwa zvinoshandiswa inzira yekugovera zvinhu yakavharwa inozivikanwa (art. 3.7 Energiewet), zvinhu zvinopihwa kuburikidza nebato rine rezenisi, kana kuti chirongwa chekubhadhara mari yekushandira chinopfuudza simba nemutengo.

Mutero wesimba unotevera pfungwa yakafanana. Mutemo mukuru ndewekuti mutero unobhadhariswa pakupihwa kwemagetsi kuburikidza nekubatanidza kune mutengi. Kana mutengi iyeye akapa magetsi kune mumwe mutengi, kupihwa kwekutanga hakuverengerwi semupi wekutanga, saka mutero unobatanidzwa mberi neketani. Pamagetsi anogadzira muridzi wemba kubva kuzvinhu zvinogadziriswazve pachivako kana pedyo nechivako uye zvinopihwa kumugari wemo, pane musiyano chaiwo unoshanda (art. 50 uye art. 53 Wbm). Kuvimba nekusapihwa kwemagetsi kune zvigaro: zvinoda chiziviso kubva kune bato rinopa magetsi, manejimendi inoenderana uye kuyerwa kwakakodzera (art. 8ab Uitvoeringsregeling belastingen op milieugrondslag).

Kuguma kwekuyera kwenet

Ichi ndicho chinhu chinonyanya kutsvakwa nezveDutch solar uye zvakawanda zvakanyorwa nezvazvo online hazvina kushanda. Zvagara zviripo. Chirongwa chemaneti, salderingsregeling, apo mutengi mudiki anoisa magetsi anoiswa mugrid kubva pamagetsi anotorwa kubva kwairi, chinopera musi wa1 Ndira 2027. Hazvideredze; zvinomira.

Kubva pazuva iroro varidzi vema solar panels vanowana muripo kubva kuvatengesi vavo pane zvese zvavanodzosera. Kusvika muna 2030 muripo iwoyo unofanirwa kunge uri makumi mashanu muzana yemutengo wemagetsi. Vatengesi vanogona kubhadharisa mari yekudyara, asi chete mari yavanowana, uye Autoriteit Consument en Markt inotarisira zvese zviri zviviri. Mutemo wekuwana neti uri muEnergiewet (art. 2.31 Energiewet), iyo yakatsiva Elektriciteitswet 1998 neGaswet.

Kune vateereri ava, chinhu chakakosha chakasiyana. Kuisa mambure kwagara kuchingoshanda chete pakubatanidza madiki, kwete pakuisa matenga edzimba dzekutengeserana pakubatanidza kukuru kana kumapurazi ezuva. Nyaya yebhizinesi yepurojekiti yekutengeserana inoshandisa mambure haisiyo, uye yaive isiriyo zvakare pamberi pa2027.

Rubatsiro nemari inowanikwa

Chirongwa chikuru chekutsigira mapurojekiti makuru iSDE++, iyo inotsigira chikamu chisina pundutso chekugadzirwa kunowanikwazve uye kuderedzwa kweCO2 kumabhizinesi nemasangano asiri epurofiti. Zvikumbiro zvinoitwa pagore muzvikamu zvinokwikwidzana pakuwedzera kwesimba rerubatsiro. Mazuva ekutanga neokupedzisira, huwandu hwezvikamu uye bhajeti zvakatarwa pachikamu chimwe nechimwe negurukota rine mutoro uye zvinoburitswa neRVO, iyo inotungamira chirongwa ichi, saka tarisa denderedzwa rakavhurika usati wazvipira kune nguva yakatarwa. Imwe pfungwa yekutevera inokosha: mvumo inofanira kunge yatovepo kana chikumbiro chaendeswa, saka nguva dzekuronga nerubatsiro dzinofanira kurongwa pamwe chete.

Kune mapurojekiti madiki uye ekubatana, dzimwe nzira dzinosanganisira chirongwa chekugadzira michina yekubatana, mari yekudyara simba nezvimwe zvinhu zvemari, uye, kune diki, muripo wekudyara uri pamusoro apa. Pasina rubatsiro, nzira iyi chibvumirano chekutenga simba.

PPA chibvumirano chenguva refu chekutengesa zvigadzirwa kumunhu anotenga zvinhu kubva kumakambani kana kumutengesi. Kutaurirana kunotanga nemutengo wenguva, huwandu hwekambani hunopesana nemutengo wemari yawakapihwa, kunyorwa kwemitengo, vimbiso yekwawakabva, kusawirirana uye njodzi yeprofile, mitengo yakaipa, kudzikiswa kwemitengo, rutsigiro rwechikwereti uye shanduko yemutemo. Kana chirongwa ichi chapihwa mari nePPA, mukweretesi anoda chibvumirano chakananga nemutengesi.

Inishuwarenzi nenjodzi yemoto

Inishuwarenzi yave chipingamupinyi chaicho kune simba rezuva padenga uye ikozvino yava chinhu chinowanzo shandiswa kwete kufunga nezveramangwana. Mushure mekurasikirwa nemoto kwaisanganisira kuiswa kwemagetsi ezuva, mainishuwarenzi akasimba zvakanyanya: kuongorora ega kune chiyero chinozivikanwa vasati vatanga kushandisa simba uye nguva nenguva mushure mezvo, zvinodiwa pakubatanidza mawaya, zvinobatanidza magetsi uye kupatsanura magetsi, uye mune dzimwe nguva kuramba kuvandudza magetsi.

Migumisiro mitatu inotevera. Mupi weinishuwarenzi yepfuma yemuridzi wedenga anofanira kubvuma vasati vavaka, uye muridzi weinishuwarenzi anofanira kutaura kudaro. Chibvumirano cherendi nekuchengetedza chinofanira kupa mutoro wekuongorora nekukanganisa, uye kupa muridzi wedenga mhinduro kana kuiswa kwacho kuchiita kuti chivako chisave neinishuwarenzi. Varidzi veinishuwarenzi vanoshanda nacho vakajairwa: SCIOS Scope 12, yakagadzirwa neVerbond van Verzekeraars, iyo inosanganisa kuongororwa kwekuisa nekuongorora njodzi inofukidza kugona kwekutakura mutoro kwechivako, kufefetera kwemasisitimu emukati medenga, kutsva kwezvinhu zvedenga nezvinobatanidza. Inoitwa seongororo yekutanga pakupera uye inodzokororwa nguva nenguva; gwara rekudzivirira raVerbond rekuisa ma photovoltaic rinoratidza kuongororwa kwemakore matatu kusvika mashanu ega ega zvichienderana neNEN-EN-IEC 62446. Zvisinei, chinodiwa chinosunga ndicho chiri mupepa remutemo kana chidimbu cheinishuwarenzi chaiyo, uye igwaro iroro - kwete gwara reruzhinji - chibvumirano cherendi nekuchengetedza chinofanira kunyorwa.

Zvivako zvemafurati neVvE

Muchivako chakakamurwa kuita kodzero dzemafurati, denga rinowanzova chikamu chakajairika, uye muridzi wega haagone kungoisa mapaneru pariri. Kuiswa kwacho kunoda sarudzo yesangano revaridzi, vereniging van eigenaars (art. 5:124 BW), inotorwa zvichienderana negwaro rekupatsanura. Kana muridzi mumwe chete akapihwa mukana wekushandisa chikamu chedenga chakajairika, gwaro rinofanira kugadziriswa, izvo zvinoda huwandu hunokodzera uye gwaro rekusimbisa (art. 5:139 BW).

Kutengesa chivakwa kana ivhu

Zvinogarwa nhaka nemutengi zvinoenderana nerudzi rwekodzero. Kodzero yakanyoreswa ye superficies inosunga mutengi otomatiki: inotora ivhu riri pasi pemuridzi wemunhu wechitatu wenzvimbo yacho kwenguva yasara. Chibvumirano cherendi chinoraramawo mushure mekuchinjirwa kwemuridzi (art. 7:226 BW), asi chinopa kodzero yemunhu yekushandisa chete. Zvisungo zvisiri kodzero chaiyo zvinofanirwa kuchengetedzwa nechikamu checheni uye chisungo chemhando yepamusoro (art. 6:252 BW).

Kunyatsoongorora kunosanganisira gwaro repamutemo rekuchengetedza zvinhu (deed of superficies) nenguva yaro, chibvumirano chekubhadhara, chibvumirano chekubatanidza nekutakura zvinhu pamwe nekukwanisa kwaro, sarudzo yerubatsiro uye kana rwuchiendeswa, PPA nekuchinja kwayo kwezvigadziro zvekutonga, mishumo yeinishuwarenzi nekuongorora, uye kuchengetedzwa kwekubviswa kwezvinhu.

Kubvisa uye kubvisa

Purazi rezuva rine hupenyu hwakatarwa uye ivhu rinotarisirwa kudzokera kukushandiswa kwaro kwekare. Chisungo chekuputsa nekugadzirisa chinofanira kuonekwa munzvimbo nhatu: mumvumo kana muchibvumirano nekanzuru, iyo inowanzo manikidza kubviswa sechisungo; mugwaro rekuchengetedza; uye mukuchengetedzwa.

Kuchengetedzwa ndiko kunowanzo kanganiswa nevaridzi veminda. Muvaki wepurazi akavaka anogona kunge asina muridzi waro mugore rechi22. Anoda garandi yebhangi kana yakaenzana nayo, saizi yakazvimiririra yemari yekubvisa nekudzorera, yakanyorwa mu index, uye inotsigirwa nemari inowanikwa. Chisungo chekubvisa chine chikwereti nekambani ine pfuma chete iri purazi rakaderera hachina kukosha.

Checklists

Kune muridzi wemunda akabvunza nezvepurazi rezuva:

• Simbisa kuti une kodzero yekuzviitira zvinhu zvisina basa, kwete chibvumirano chekubhadhara, usati wapa mvumo yekuzviitira wega.
• Tarisa mutemo wezuva wedunhu neguta kutanga.
• Bata nepatch iripo kana rendi uye chero chikwereti chemba kutanga.
• Bvumiranai nezvekubhadhara, kunyorwa kwemitengo uye nguva yekuvandudza.
• Kugadzirwa kwechivharo chine zuva refu rakabatana nemvumo negridi.
• Kubviswa kwakachengeteka nevimbiso yakanyorwa; kudzora kuchinja kwekutonga.
• Gadzirisai nzira dzekupinda nadzo, tambo, fenzi, mvura inoyerera uye mhando yevhu.

Kune muridzi wedenga akabvunza nezve kuiswa kwedenga:

• Wana maverengero echimiro uye sarudza kuti ndiani anobhadhara kuti pave nekusimbisa.
• Ita kuti chibvumirano cherendi chive chakavakirwa pamvumo yeinishuwarenzi yako.
• Tarisa kana paine chivakwa kana kuti nzvimbo yakachengetedzwa yeguta.
• Sanganisa denga rekurenda nechinhu chiri pamusoro pedenga netambo.
• Gadzirisai kuti ndiani anotora simba, mutengo wakaita sei, uye chero nyaya yerezinesi.
• Gadzirisai kutsiva denga, kudonhedza mvura, kukuvara uye kuguma kwenguva kuti rive rakanaka.
• Tarisa kuti simba rekushandisa rinogovaniswa sei nekushandisa kwako.