Munguva yedhijitari, software ndiyo musimboti webhizinesi rese. Kubva pazvishandiso zvekugadzira mifananidzo kusvika kumasisitimu ekutarisira database, mabhizinesi anovimba nehurongwa hwakawanda hwemaapplication kuti ashande zvakanaka. Nekuwanda kwesoftware "yemahara" inowanikwa online, zvinokwezva kuti masangano adhawunirodhe uye aise maturusi pasina ongororo yakakwana yemitemo yemarezenisi. Zvisinei, "kudhawunirodha mahara" hazvirevi nguva dzose "kushandiswa mahara mubhizinesi".
Mazhinji masoftware anoburitswa pasi pemarezenisi ekuti "Non-Commercial" (NC). Kunyange hazvo maturusi aya ari emahara ekushandisa pachedu, pakudzidzisa, kana pakuzvivaraidza, kuaisa mukati mesangano rinopa purofiti kunoreva kutyora chibvumirano uye kutyora kodzero dzepfungwa. Pasi peDutch neEU. mutemo, migumisiro yekusateerera kwakadaro inogona kuva yakakomba, kubva pakurambidzwa pakarepo kusvika kumatare makuru emari yekuripiswa.
Chinyorwa chino chinoongorora kuoma kwemutemo kwekushandisa software isiri yekutengeserana munzvimbo yebhizinesi, zvikwereti zvemakambani nevatungamiriri, uye matanho ekumanikidza anowanikwa kune vane kodzero.
Kunzwisisa Marezenisi Asiri Ekutengeserana
Tisati taongorora mhedzisiro yemutemo, zvakakosha kunzwisisa kuti chii chinonzi rezenisi "isiri yekutengeserana". Marezenisi aya akagadzirirwa kubvumira kugovana hunyanzvi neruzivo mahara ukuwo achichengetedza kodzero yekuwana mari yebasa remugadziri.
Kutsanangura 'Zvisiri Zvekutengeserana'
Tsanangudzo ye "zvisiri zvekutengeserana" inogona kusiyana pakati pemarezenisi chaiwo, asi kazhinji, inoreva kushandiswa kusiri kwakagadzirirwa kana kunangidzirwa kune zvakanakira kutengeserana kana muripo wemari.
- Creative Commons (CC BY-NC): Pamwe muenzaniso wakakurumbira zvikuru. Sangano reCreative Commons rinotsanangura zvakajeka kuti zvisiri zvekutengeserana "hazvina kuitirwa kana kuti hazvina kunangidzirwa pakubatsira kutengeserana kana muripo wemari".
- PolyForm Isina Kutengeswa: Mutemo mutsva unobvumidza kushandiswa kwekudzidza wega, kutsvagisa, kana masangano erudo, asi unorambidza kushandiswa kwebhizinesi nesangano rezvekutengeserana.
Ipfungwa isiriyo yakajairika yekuti "kushandiswa kwebhizinesi" kunoshanda chete kana uri kutengesa software yacho pachayo. Muchokwadi, kushandisa software kutsigira ani zviitiko zvebhizinesi—sekushandisa PDF editor yemahara kunyora zvibvumirano zvevatengi kana kushandisa mufananidzo usiri wekutengeserana pablog rekambani—zvinowira pasi pekushandiswa kwebhizinesi.
Musiyano kubva kuOpen Source
Zvakakosha kusiyanisa pakati pesoftware ye "Open Source" nesoftware ye "Source Available" ine zvirambidzo zveNC. Sekureva kweOpen Source Initiative (OSI), rezenisi rechokwadi re open source harigone kusarura nzvimbo dzekuedza; izvi zvinoreva kuti rinofanira kubvumira kushandiswa kwekutengeserana. Software ine NC clause, netsanangudzo, haisi "Open Source" mupfungwa chaiyo, kunyangwe kana kodhi yesource ichionekwa. Isoftware yepamutemo ine rezenisi ine zvirambidzo.
Mutemo: Kutyorwa kweKodzero Dzekodzero Dzemunhu
Pasi peDutch mutemo, software inodzivirirwa se "basa" pasi peMutemo weKodzero (Auteurswet). Mugadziri (kana muridzi wekodzero) ane kodzero yega yekusarudza kuti software yavo inoshandiswa sei, kupi, uye naani.
Kutyorwa kweChibvumirano vs. Kutyorwa kweKodzero
Kana bhizinesi rikashandisa software richityora mitemo yerezinesi yaro (semuenzaniso, kushandisa Personal Edition pabasa rehunyanzvi), harisi kungotyora chibvumirano chete; riri kutyora kodzero yemunyori.
- Chinyorwa 1 cheMutemo weKodzero dzeKodzero: Inopa mugadziri kodzero yega yekutonga kuburitswa nekuburitswa kwebasa racho.
- Chinyorwa 26d cheMutemo weKodzero dzeKodzero: Inobvumira muridzi wekodzero kuti asimbise kodzero idzi kune vanotyora mitemo.
Paunodhawunirodha software, unowanzo bvumirana neChibvumirano cheLayisensi yeMushandisi Wekupedzisira (EULA). Kana EULA ikaganhurira kushandiswa kwayo kune "zvisiri zvekutengeserana", chero kushandiswa kuri kunze kwenzvimbo iyoyo hakuna rezenisi. Nekuda kweizvozvo, mushandisi haasisiri "mutengi wepamutemo" wekushandiswa ikoko, uye chiito chekushandisa software yacho chinova chiito chekutyora kodzero.
Dudziro yeMitemo yeRezenisi (Haviltex)
Kukakavadzana kunowanzomuka pamusoro pekuti chiitiko chaicho ndeche "kutengeserana" here. MuNetherlands, kududzirwa kwechibvumirano kunotungamirirwa ne Haviltex mwero. Dare haringotaridzi chete rugwaro rwerezenisi asiwo izvo mapato anogona kutarisira kubva kune mumwe nemumwe zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu. Zvisinei, kune marezenisi esoftware akajairwa pakati pemapato ehunyanzvi, zvinoreva mutauro werugwaro zvine simba guru. Kana rezenisi ichitaura kuti "hapana kushandiswa kwekutengeserana", dare rinowanzo tsanangura izvi zvakanyanya richipesana nemushandisi webhizinesi.
Mhosva yeSangano
Kana kambani ikawanikwa ichishandisa software isiri yekutengeserana, muridzi wekodzero ane nzira dzakasimba dzekugadzirisa pamutemo dziripo pasi peDutch Civil Code (Burgerlijk Wetboek kana BW) uye Mutemo weKodzero dzeKunyora.
1. Kurega Kushandisa (Mirairo)
Dambudziko guru rinowira bhizinesi nderekuti dare rirege kushandisa software iyi. Pasi peChikamu 26d cheCopyright Act, muridzi wekodzero anogona kukumbira dare kuti rirambidze kutyorwa kwemutemo uyu. Izvi zvinogona kuva nenjodzi kana software iyi iri chikamu chemabasa ezuva nezuva ekambani. Dare rinogonawo kubhadharisa muripo wechikwereti (dwangsom) kwezuva nezuva kambani inoramba ichishandisa software iyi mushure memutongo.
2. Zvakakuvadzwa uye Muripo
Kambani iyi ine mutoro wekukuvara kwakakonzerwa nemuridzi wekodzero (Article 6:162 BW, Tort). Munyaya dzepfuma yepfungwa, kukuvara kunowanzo verengerwa zvichibva pane zvinotevera:
- Mari dzeMarezinesi Asina Kubhadharwa: Mari iyo kambani wakaramba vakabhadhara dai vakatenga rezinesi rekutengesa rakakodzera.
- Kukwidziridzwa Kwemitengo: Matare anowanzopa chikamu chekuwedzera (kukwidziridzwa) pamusoro pemari yakatarwa kuti atsanangure chokwadi chekuti munhu akatyora mutemo akanakidzwa nekushandiswa kwake asina kubhadhara uye kudzivirira kutyorwa kwemutemo.
- Mari yekuongorora: Kusiyana nenyaya dzematare edzimhosva, mutemo weIP unobvumidza kudzoserwa kwemari inonzwisisika yakashandiswa kusimbisa kutyorwa kwemutemo (Chinyorwa 6:96 BW).
3. Kupa purofiti (Winstafdracht)
Pamusoro pekukuvadzwa, Chikamu 27a cheMutemo weKodzero dzeVaridzi chinobvumira muridzi wekodzero kuti adzose purofiti inobva mukushandiswa kwesoftware inotyora mutemo. Kunyange zvazvo kuratidza kuti purofiti yakawanda sei inokonzerwa nesoftware imwe chete kunogona kuoma, ichiri chikumbiro chepamutemo chinoshanda icho mabhizinesi anofanira kudzivirira.
Mhosva Yemunhu Yevatungamiriri
Mubvunzo unowanzo bvunzwa ndewekuti vatungamiriri vekambani vanogona here kupomerwa mhosva yekubiwa kwesoftware nebhizinesi. Chaizvoizvo, kambani ine mutoro wakaganhurirwa (BV) isangano repamutemo rakasiyana, uye vatungamiriri havana mhosva yechikwereti kana mhosva dzekambani. Zvisinei, pane zvimwe zvinosaririra.
Zvinokonzera Kuzvidzwa Kwemunhu Zvakakomba
Mutemo weDutch waratidza kuti mutungamiriri anogona kupiwa mhosva kana akapomerwa mhosva ye "kuzvidza kwake zvakanyanya" (ernstig personsoonlijk verwijtChiyero ichi chinozadzikiswa kana:
- Mutungamiriri aiziva kana kuti aifanira kuziva kuti kambani iyi yaityora kodzero dzemunyori.
- Mutungamiriri ndiye akabatsira zvikuru pakutyorwa kwemutemo kana kuti akatadza kupindira kunyangwe aiziva njodzi dzacho.
Mutemo wemazuva ano (semuenzaniso, ECLI:NL:RBDHA:2023:18697) unosimbisa kuti kana director akaronga bhizinesi nemaune kuti rishandise software isiri pamutemo kuderedza mari, vanogona kupomerwa mhosva. Uyezve, kana paine kubhuroka, mutariri anogona kupa director mhosva kana kusashanda zvakanaka (kusanganisira kutyorwa kweIP zvichikonzera zvichemo zvakakura) kwaive chikonzero chikuru chekusakwanisa kubhadhara (Chinyorwa 2:248 BW).
Kudzivirira "Kwakanaka": Kusaziva Kunobatsira Here?
Masangano anowanzo taura kuti kutyorwa kwemutemo kwakaitika netsaona kana kuti haana kunzwisisa mitemo yerezinesi. Kambani inogona kuvimba here ne "kukanganisa kwemutemo" (rechtsdwaling) kana kuti kutenda kwakanaka?
Basa reNyanzvi reKutarisira
Muchidimbu: Aihwa. Matare eDutch anoomesa musoro panyaya dzemapato ehunyanzvi. Kambani inotarisirwa kuziva mitemo nemitemo inoshanda pakushanda kwayo, kusanganisira kodzero dzepfuma yepfungwa.
- Kudzokorora: Kuvimba nekusanzwisisa mutemo kazhinji kunowanzova panjodzi yemunhu anotyora mutemo. Kunze kwekunge muridzi wekodzero akanyengera mushandisi, sangano rehunyanzvi harigone kutaura kuti "raisaziva" kuti rezinesi harina kubvisa kushandiswa kwebhizinesi.
- Basa reKuferefeta: Pakuvhura software, kambani ine chisungo chekusimbisa mitemo yerezinesi. Kutadza kuverenga EULA hakusi kudzivirira kwepamutemo (ECLI:NL:RBOVE:2023:3506).
Kunyange hazvo dare riine simba rekuderedza kukuvara kana muripo wakazara usingagamuchirwi (Chinyorwa 6:109 BW), izvi zvinoshandiswa zvine mwero. Kungokanganisa kana kukanganisa kwekutonga hazviwanzo kukwana kuderedza kukuvara kunofanirwa kubhadharwa.
Matanho Ekusimbisa Mutemo: Mutemo weEx Parte
Chimwe chezvishandiso zvine hukasha zvinowanikwa kune vane kodzero ndeche ex parte chisungo (izwi rekuti ex parte verbod). Uyu murairo wedare wakapihwa pasina kutanga wanzwa mupomerwi (kambani inotyora mutemo).
Ainoita
Kana muridzi wekodzero akakwanisa kuratidza kukurumidza kukuru uye kutyora kwakajeka (Chinyorwa 1019e Rv), anogona kukumbira mutongi wepfupiso kuti arambidzwe kushandiswa kwesoftware nekukasika.
- Surprise Element: Nekuti mupomerwi haana kuziviswa, havakwanise kuvanza humbowo kana kudzima software yacho muchengeti wemhosva asati asvika.
- Effect Effect: Mutongi anobvuma mutongo wacho, uye muchengeti wemhosva anouendesa panzvimbo yekambani. Kambani inofanira kurega kushandisa ipapo ipapo kana kuti inorasikirwa nemari yakawanda yemutongo.
- Kudzosa Mutengo: Kana mutemo uyu ukatevedzerwa, munhu anenge atyora mutemo uyu anowanzo rayirwa kubhadhara mari yese yemuridzi wekodzero (Article 1019h Rv), iyo munyaya dzeIP inogona kusvika makumi ezviuru zvemaeuro.
Kubatwa kweUchapupu
Kuti varatidze kuti kutyorwa kwemutemo kwakakura sei, vane kodzero vanogonawo kukumbira mvumo yekutora humbowo (bewijsbeslag). Muchengeti wemhosva, pamwe chete nenyanzvi dzeIT, anogona kupinda munzvimbo yebhizinesi kunokopa ma hard drive, server logs, uye zvinyorwa zvehutungamiriri. Izvi zvinoshanda kuratidza kuti software yakashandiswa kwenguva yakareba sei uye kuti midziyo mingani, zvichiita kuti pave nehwaro hwekuverengwa kwekukuvara.
Kuderedza Njodzi: Maitiro Akanakisisa Ekutevedzera Mutemo
Kuti vadzivise migumisiro yakaipa yemutemo neyemari yakataurwa pamusoro apa, masangano anofanirwa kushandisa nzira dzakasimba dzeSoftware Asset Management (SAM).
- Kutenga Zvinhu Zvakasiyana-siyana: Musabvumira vashandi vega vega kudhawunirodha nekuisa software. Zvikumbiro zvese zvesoftware zvinofanirwa kuendeswa kuburikidza neIT kana kutenga.
- Kuongororwa kwemarezenisi: Gara uchiongorora mapurogiramu ese akaiswa uchishandisa zvinyorwa zvekutenga zvekambani.
- Bvisa Policies: Isa zvikamu mumabhuku evashandi zvinorambidza zvachose kuiswa kwesoftware isina mvumo.
- Nzwisisa "Mahara": Dzidzisai vashandi kuti vanzwisise kuti "kushandiswa kwemahara" zvinoreva "kubhadharwa kwekushandiswa kwebhizinesi".
Inowanzobvunzwa Mibvunzo (FAQ)
1. Chii chinotsanangura "kushandiswa kwebhizinesi" mukupihwa marezenisi esoftware?
Kushandiswa kwebhizinesi kunowanzo sanganisira chero chiitiko chakagadzirirwa kubatsirwa kwebhizinesi kana muripo wemari. Izvi zvinosanganisira mashandiro ebhizinesi remukati, kugadzirwa kwezvinhu kana masevhisi ekutengesa, uye mabasa ekushambadzira. Kunyangwe kana usingatengese software yacho pachayo, kuishandisa kuita bhizinesi kushandiswa kwebhizinesi.
2. Ndingashandisa software isiri yekutengeserana here pakudzidzisa kana kuongorora mukati mekambani?
Izvi zvinoenderana chete neEULA chaiyo. Vamwe vatengesi vanobvumira "nguva yekuedza" yekuongorora. Zvisinei, kushandisa software yeNC kudzidzisa vashandi mukati kunowanzo batsira mukushanda zvakanaka kwebhizinesi uye purofiti, zvichiita kuti rishandiswe mukutengeserana.
3. Ko kana ndisingazive zvechokwadi kuti software yacho yakarambidzwa?
Kusaziva hakuwanzo kuva dziviriro yakanaka mumutemo wekodzero dzevanyori vekuDutch. Mapato ehunyanzvi anotarisirwa kuita ongororo yakakodzera. Kunyange zvazvo zvingadzivirira kuwanikwa kwe "chinangwa" (chinokosha pamhosva), iwe ucharamba uine mhosva yekukuvadzwa kwevanhu pamwe nekutyorwa kwekodzero dzevanyori.
4. Vatungamiriri vanogona kupomerwa mhosva yekutyora mitemo yekambani here?
Ehe, asi mutoro wacho wakakwira. Mutungamiriri anofanira kunge ari iye ane mhosva pachake (kuzvidzwa kukuru). Izvi zvinowanzoda humbowo hwekuti director aiziva nezvekutyorwa kwemutemo uye akatadza kuita chimwe chinhu, kana kuti akarayira kambani kuti ishandise software isiri pamutemo kuchengetedza mari.
5. Ndezvipi zvirango zvemari zvinowanzopiwa kana munhu aputsa mutemo?
Matare anowanzo kupa muridzi wekodzero mari yerezinesi yaakarasikirwa nayo, kazhinji pamwe nekuwedzera (chinhu chekuranga) kudzivirira kutyorwa kwemutemo. Pamusoro pezvo, unogona kunge uine mhosva yekubhadhara mari yese yemuridzi wekodzero nemari yekuferefeta.
6. Munyori wesoftware anogona kutimisa ipapo ipapo here?
Ehe. Kuburikidza ne ex parte Murairo uyu, muridzi wekodzero anogona kuwana gwaro redare rinokurambidza kushandisa software iyi nekukurumidza, pasina kutombonzwa nyaya yacho. Kutyora gwaro iri kunoguma nekubhadharwa mari yakawanda.
7. Ko software yese ye "open source" haisi yekutengeserana here?
Kwete. Kutaura zvazviri, marezenisi chaiwo e-open source (akaita seMIT, Apache, kana GNU GPL) anobvumira kushandiswa mukutengeserana. Muganho wekuti "kushandiswa kusiri kwekutengeserana chete" unowanzo ratidza kuti software iyi ndeyemunhu kana kuti "source iripo," kwete open source zvichienderana netsananguro yeOpen Source Initiative.
mhedziso
Kushandisa software isiri yekutengeserana mukati mebhizinesi inzira ine njodzi huru inogona kukonzera kuratidzwa kwakakosha kwemutemo. Pasi pemutemo weDutch, kushandiswa kwakadaro kunokanganisa kodzero dzevashandi, zvichibvumira vane kodzero kuti vatore mari yakakwana, vasiye purofiti, uye vamise mabhizinesi nekukurumidza vachishandisa software iyoyo. Kudzivirira kusaziva hakuna zvakunobatsira kumakambani ebhizinesi.
Masangano anofanirwa kubata marezenisi esoftware nepfungwa dzakasimba sechero chimwe chibvumirano chekutenga. Kuongorora zvinhu zvesoftware yako nekukurumidza kunogona kudzivirira mari yakawanda kumatare edzimhosva uye kukuvara kwemukurumbira.
Kana sangano rako riri kutarisana neongororo yesoftware, nyaya ine chekuita nekutyorwa kwemutemo, kana kuti uchida kuona kuti kushandisa software yako kunoenderana nemutemo, mazano emutemo enyanzvi akakosha.
Une mibvunzo here nezve marezenisi esoftware kana kuti uri kutarisana nedanho rekumanikidza mutemo? Bata nyanzvi dziri pa Law & More Via [email inodzivirirwa] kune rubatsiro rwakanyanya.
