Kushandisa software ine rezinesi risiri rekutengeserana mubhizinesi kutyora kodzero dzekodzero, kwete kungoti kutyora chibvumirano. Rezinesi risiri rekutengeserana (NC) rinobvumidza kushandiswa kusiri kwakanangana nekubatsira kana kubhadhara mubhizinesi; kana software ikatsigira chiitiko chekuwana purofiti, mvumo inobviswa uye kopi yega yega inoburitswa inenge yatorwa isina mvumo. Muridzi wekodzero anogona kuwana mvumo, kukumbira muripo uye kudzoserwa purofiti, uye kudzoserwa mari yake yese yepamutemo, uye muzviitiko zvakakomba director anogona kupomerwa mhosva pamwe chete nekambani.
Zvinotenderwa nerezinesi risiri rekutengeserana
Chiratidzo ichi chinosanganisira mhuri yemarezinesi kwete mwero mumwe chete. Creative Commons inoshandisa chinhu cheNC kureva kushandiswa kusiri kwakanangana kana kunangidzirwa kubatsiro rwekutengeserana kana muripo wemari. Rezinesi rePolyForm Noncommercial rinotora nzira yakafanana, richibvumira kudzidza wega, kutsvagisa uye kushandiswa nemasangano erubatsiro uku richibvisa kushandiswa nesangano rekutengeserana pazvinangwa zvebhizinesi raro. Vatengesi vega vega vanowedzera mazwi avo, kazhinji muchimiro chePersonal Edition, Community Edition kana rezinesi reHome Use.
Pfungwa isiriyo inowanzoonekwa ndeyekuti kushandiswa kwebhizinesi kunoreva kutengesa software zvakare. Hazvidaro. Kushandisa PDF editor yemahara kunyora zvibvumirano zvevatengi, mufananidzo wemahara pawebhusaiti yekambani, kana chishandiso chekugadzira chemahara kugadzira chirongwa zvese zvinotsigira chiitiko chebhizinesi, uye nekudaro zvese hazvishande kune rezenisi yeNC. Huwandu hwevashandisi hahuna basa, uye ndizvo zvakaitawo hukuru hwesangano. Mutengesi wega anoshandisa kopi imwe chete ari munzvimbo imwechete nekambani inotungamira zana.
Zvakakoshawo kusiyanisa rezenisi reNC kubva kune software chaiyo yakavhurika . Tsananguro yeOpen Source inotsigirwa neOpen Source Initiative haibvumiri rezenisi kusarura nzvimbo yekuedza, zvinoreva kuti rezenisi yakavhurika inofanira kubvumidza kushandiswa kwebhizinesi. Saka software ine muganho weNC haisi open source, asi kodhi yayo inogona kuverengwa zvakasununguka. Ine rezenisi ine rezenisi, uye mamiriro acho ndiwo chaiwo anotyorwa nebhizinesi.
Sei izvi zviri kutyora kodzero dzekodzero, kwete kungotyora chibvumirano chete?
Mapurogiramu emakombiyuta anodzivirirwa semabasa pasi peDutch Copyright Act ( Auteurswet ), iyo ine nzira yakasiyana yesoftware inoshandisa EU Software Directive. Muridzi wekodzero ane kodzero yega yekupa mvumo yekukopa uye kutaurirana kwebasa racho. Nekuti kumhanyisa chirongwa kunosanganisira kurodha nekukopa, kushandiswa ikoko kunongobvumirwa chete kana kuchifukidzwa nerezinesi kana nechimwe chezvinhu zvisingabvumirwe nemutemo kune munhu anowana kopi zviri pamutemo.
Iri ndiro pfungwa iyo mabhizinesi anowanzo kanganwa. Rezinesi rine muganho weNC rinotsanangura chiyero chemvumo inopihwa. Kushandisa kunze kwechiyero ichocho hakusi kuita kwakashata kwechibvumirano chinogona kugadziriswa nekubhadhara; kushandiswa pasina mvumo zvachose. Saka kambani haisi iyo inotora zviri pamutemo yekushandisa iyoyo chaiyo, uye kuiswa kwega kwega kuri kuitwa mubhizinesi chiito chekutyora kodzero . Musiyano iwoyo unokosha mukushanda, nekuti unovhura seti yakazara yemishonga yepfungwa pane yezvakajairwa zvechibvumirano.
Matsanangurirwo anoitwa chinangwa cherezinesi
Makakatanwa anowanzo tenderera pamusoro pekuti chiitiko chakati chaive chekutengeserana here. Matare eDutch anodudzira zvibvumirano, kusanganisira marezinesi, zvichienderana neHaviltex standard: zvinoreva zvinoenderana neizvo mapato anogona kutsanangura nemashoko acho uye zvavanogona kutarisira kubva kune mumwe nemumwe mumamiriro ezvinhu. Pakati pemapato ehunyanzvi, uye apo rezinesi iri gwaro rakajairika iro mushandisi aingogamuchira, zvinoreva mutauro zvakajairika zvine huremu hwakakura, nekuti pakanga pasina hurukuro dzaigona kupa mazwi mavara akasiyana.
Izvi zvinoshanda zvinopesana nemushandisi webhizinesi. Rezinesi rinoti software iyi haifanirwe kushandiswa pakutengeserana ichaverengwa serinoreva zvarinotaura, uye mutoro wekuratidza kuti kushandiswa kwacho kwakawira mukati mehurongwa hwemahara uri pamunhu anovimba nayo. Kana mutengesi achipa shanduro yemahara isiri yekutengeserana uye yekutengeserana yakabhadharwa, kuvapo kweshanduro yakabhadharwa pachako humbowo hwakasimba hwekuti mutsetse wacho waifanira kufambiswa kupi.
Zvinogona kukumbirwa nemuridzi wekodzero
Mushonga wekutanga uye unovhiringidza zvikuru murairo wekurega kushandisa software iyi, unowanzo simbiswa nemuripo wemari ( dwangsom ) pazuva rega rega kana kutyorwa kwemutemo kwese kunotevera. Kana software iyi yakaiswa mukugadzirwa kwayo kana sevhisi inotarisana nemutengi, kutevedzera murairo wakadaro nekukurumidza kunogona kukuvadza kupfuura chikumbiro chemari. Mutemo weKodzero dzeVaridzi unobvumidzawo muridzi wekodzero kukumbira murairo kumunhu ari pakati pevashandisi vake vari kushandiswa kutyora mitemo, ndiyo nzira iyo vanopa mawebhusaiti nemapuratifomu vanounzwa nayo mukukakavadzana uku.
Pamari, muridzi wekodzero anogona kukumbira mari yekurasikirwa kwaakaita, uye zvakasiyana-siyana kudzoserwa kwepurofiti yakawanikwa nemutyori wekodzero kubva mukutyora mutemo. Mari yekukuvadzwa mumatare esoftware inowanzoverengerwa pamari yerezinesi yaifanira kunge yakabhadharwa kwenguva iyoyo uye huwandu hwenzvimbo dzakaiswa, uye matare anogona kuwedzera kusimudzira kuratidza kuti mutyori wekodzero akashandisa software yacho asina kubhadhara uye asina kuisa njodzi yekukumbirwa. Mari dzinonzwisisika dzakashandiswa kuratidza kuti kutyora mutemo kwacho kunogona kudzoserwa zvakare.
Mutemo wemari ndiwo unonyanya kushamisa mabhizinesi. Munyaya dzepfuma yepfungwa, munhu anokundwa anogona kurairwa kuti abhadhare mari yepamutemo yakakodzera uye yakaenzana neyakatorwa nemunhu anokunda pasi peChinyorwa 1019h cheDutch Code of Civil Procedure, pane chikero chakagadzika chinoshanda mumatare edzimhosva. Munyaya yesoftware inodzivirirwa musiyano iwoyo wakakura uye unowanzo pfuura mari yerezinesi iri kukakavadzana.
Kutevedzwa kwemutemo: kurambidzwa kweparutivi uye kutorwa kweuchapupu
Vane kodzero munyaya dzepfuma yepfungwa vane nzira dzekuita nadzo dzisingawanikwe mumakakatanwa ekutengeserana akajairika. Chinyorwa 1019e cheDutch Code of Civil Procedure chinobvumira dare, kana paine dambudziko rekukurumidzira, kuisa chirambidzo ipapo ipapo kune anopomerwa mhosva asina kutanga anzwa bato iroro. Murairo wacho unopihwa nedare remakurukota, unotanga kushanda ipapo ipapo uye unowanzo tsigirwa nemuripo wechirango. Bato rakapihwa rinogona kukumbira kuti riongororwe, asi kusvika raitwa, rinofanira kutevedzera.
Pamwe chete neizvozvo, muridzi wekodzero anogona kuwana mvumo yekutora humbowo ( bewijsbeslag ). Muchengeti wemhosva, anowanzo perekedzwa nenyanzvi yeIT, anopinda panzvimbo yacho uye anotora makopi emahard drive, server logs uye zvinyorwa zvekutonga. Makopi acho anochengetwa nemuchengeti akazvimiririra, uye kuwana kwawo kunoda sarudzo yakasiyana yedare, saka kutora hakupe muridzi wekodzero zviri mukati. Chaanoita kugadzirisa humbowo hwekuti software yakashandiswa kwenguva yakareba sei, pamidziyo mingani uye kuti vashandisi vangani, inova ndiyo hwaro hwekuverenga chikumbiro chekupedzisira.
Nekuti matanho ese ari maviri anogona kuwanikwa nekukurumidza uye pasina yambiro, zano rinoshanda kana tsamba yekukumbira yasvika nderekuti usatange kubvisa software. Kubvisa software mushure mekugamuchira kunyunyuta kunowanzoonekwa sekuparadza humbowo, uye zvinoita kuti mamiriro ekutaurirana anyanye kuipa. Kuchengetedza chinzvimbo uye kutora zano kutanga ndiyo nzira iri nani.
Kana vatungamiriri vane mutoro wega wega
Kambani yakaganhurirwa yega ikambani yepamutemo yakasiyana, uye vatungamiriri vayo havane mhosva yechikwereti chayo kana mhosva dzayo. Mitemo yeDutch inorambidza apo mutungamiriri anogona kunzi munhu anozvidza zvakanyanya ( ernstig persoonlijk verwijt ). Munyaya dzekutyora mutemo, muganho iwoyo unowanzo svikwa apo mutungamiriri aiziva kuti kambani iri kutyora mutemo asi zvakadaro akakurudzira kutyora mutemo kana akatadza kuudzivirira, kana apo mutungamiriri pachake akaita zviito zvekutyora mutemo.
Dare reDunhu reThe Hague rakashandisa bvunzo iyoyo kuvatungamiriri vekambani yaitengesa zvinhu zvisiri pamutemo: ivo pachavo vakaronga kutenga, kupinza nekutengesazve, vakagamuchira yambiro kakawanda kubva kune muridzi wekodzero kwemakore, uye havana kuisa dziviriro, uye vakapihwa mhosva pamwe chete nekambani pasi pemutemo mukuru wemhosva yekutyora mutemo (ECLI:NL:RBDHA:2023:18697). Chikonzero chinoendeswa kusoftware: director anoudzwa kuti marezenisi haafukidze kushandiswa kwebhizinesi uye anoramba achienderera mberi zvisinei ari munzvimbo imwe chete. Nyaya yedu pamusoro pemhosva yevatungamiriri inoratidza hurongwa hwakakura.
Pane nzira yechipiri yekukundikana kubhadhara zvikwereti. Kana kambani ikakundikana uye mutariri wekambani achigona kuratidza kuti manejimendi asina kunaka ndiyo yaive chikonzero chikuru chekubhuroka, vatungamiriri vanogona kupomerwa mhosva yekushaikwa kwemari pasi peChikamu 2:248 cheDutch Civil Code. Kutyorwa kukuru kwemitemo yekuti kambani haigone kusangana, kwakaitwa nemaune, kunogona kuva chikamu chemufananidzo iwoyo.
Kuziva hakubatsiri here?
Zvinenge zvisingamboitiki, kubhizinesi. Kutyorwa kwekodzero dzekodzero hakudi chinangwa kana chikanganiso: kambani inoshandisa basa isina mvumo inodiwa inotyora chero zvainofunga. Mhosva inokosha pachikumbiro chekukuvadzwa kwete pakutyorwa kwayo, uye nyanzvi inotarisirwa kuziva mitemo yainowana zvishandiso zvayo. Kusaverenga rezenisi kukundikana kwekutenga mukati, kwete mhinduro kune muridzi wekodzero.
Kukanganisa pamusoro pechinzvimbo chepamutemo ( rechtsdwaling ) chaizvoizvo kuri panjodzi yebato rakazviita. Mufananidzo unongochinja chete kana muridzi wekodzero pachake akakonzera kusanzwisisana, semuenzaniso nekuratidza software iyi seyemahara yekushandisa chero kupi zvako, kana nekushivirira kushandiswa kwebhizinesi kunozivikanwa kwenguva yakareba pasina kuramba. Dare rine simba pasi peChikamu 6:109 cheDutch Civil Code rekuderedza mubairo apo muripo wakazara waisazogamuchirwa, asi unoshandiswa zvine mwero uye kutarisirwa kwehutungamiriri hakuzowanzo kukwana.
Kuchengetedza software yako ichitevedzera mitemo
Kuonekwa kwacho kunogadzirwa nemaitiro akajairwa, ane chinangwa chakanaka: mushandi anoda chishandiso, anowana vhezheni yemahara, anoiisa uye oenderera mberi. Kudzora izvozvo kunotanga nekufambisa kuiswa kwese kuburikidza nepfungwa imwe chete, kuitira kuti munhu ane mvumo averenge rezenisi software isati yasvika pabasa. Kuenzanisa nguva nenguva kwezviri kuiswa chaizvo nezviri kutengwa ndicho chinhu chechipiri, uye ndicho chinoshandura njodzi isingazivikanwe kuita inogoneka.
Kupfuura izvozvo, mitemo yerezinesi iri mufaira rimwe chete nerekodhi dzekutenga, kuitira kuti chiyero chemvumo chigone kuratidzwa makore anotevera kana chabvunzwa. Vashandi vanofanira kuudzwa zvakajeka kuti kushandiswa kwemahara kwemunhu kunoreva kubhadharwa pakushandiswa kwebhizinesi, nekuti chirevo ichocho chinodzivirira zviitiko zvakawanda. Kana chishandiso chisiri chekutengeserana chave chakabatanidzwa mukuita, danho rine musoro nderekuenda kumutengesi wotenga rezinesi rekutengesa usati wabvunza mumwe munhu, sezvo kudzoserwa kwemutemo wekuzvidira kunowanzo kuve kwakachipa pane chikumbiro.
Inowanzo bvunzwa mibvunzo (FAQ)
Chii chinotsanangura "kushandiswa kwebhizinesi" mukubvumidzwa kwesoftware?
Kushandiswa kwebhizinesi kunowanzo sanganisira chero chiitiko chakagadzirirwa kubatsirwa kwebhizinesi kana muripo wemari. Izvi zvinosanganisira mashandiro ebhizinesi remukati, kugadzirwa kwezvinhu kana masevhisi ekutengesa, uye mabasa ekushambadzira. Kunyangwe kana usingatengese software yacho pachayo, kuishandisa kuita bhizinesi kushandiswa kwebhizinesi.
Ndingashandisa software isiri yekutengeserana here pakudzidzisa kana kuongorora mukati mekambani?
Izvi zvinoenderana chete neEULA chaiyo. Vamwe vatengesi vanobvumira "nguva yekuedza" yekuongorora. Zvisinei, kushandisa software yeNC kudzidzisa vashandi mukati kunowanzo batsira mukushanda zvakanaka kwebhizinesi uye purofiti, zvichiita kuti rishandiswe mukutengeserana.
Ko kana ndisingazive zvechokwadi kuti software yacho yakarambidzwa?
Kusaziva hakuwanzo kuva dziviriro yakanaka mumutemo wekodzero dzevanyori vekuDutch. Mapato ehunyanzvi anotarisirwa kuita ongororo yakakodzera. Kunyange zvazvo zvingadzivirira kuwanikwa kwe "chinangwa" (chinokosha pamhosva), iwe ucharamba uine mhosva yekukuvadzwa kwevanhu pamwe nekutyorwa kwekodzero dzevanyori.
Vatungamiriri vanogona kupomerwa mhosva yekutyora mitemo yekambani here?
Ehe, asi mutoro wacho wakakwira. Mutungamiriri anofanira kunge ari iye ane mhosva pachake (kuzvidzwa kukuru). Izvi zvinowanzoda humbowo hwekuti director aiziva nezvekutyorwa kwemutemo uye akatadza kuita chimwe chinhu, kana kuti akarayira kambani kuti ishandise software isiri pamutemo kuchengetedza mari.
Ndezvipi zvirango zvemari zvinowanzopiwa kana munhu aputsa mutemo?
Matare anowanzo kupa muridzi wekodzero mari yerezinesi yaakarasikirwa nayo, kazhinji nerubatsiro runoratidza kuti mutyori wekodzero akashandisa software iyi asina kuibhadhara. Pamusoro pezvo, unogona kunge uine mhosva yekubhadhara mari yese yemuridzi wekodzero nemari yekuferefeta.
Munyori wesoftware anogona kutimisa ipapo ipapo here?
Ehe. Kuburikidza nemutemo wekudzivirira wepachivande , muridzi wekodzero anogona kuwana gwaro redare rinokurambidza kushandisa software iyi nekukurumidza, pasina kubvunzurudzwa kwekutanga. Kutyora gwaro iri kunoguma nekubhadharwa kukuru kwemari.
Software yese ye "open source" haisi yekutengeserana here?
Kwete. Kutaura zvazviri, marezenisi chaiwo e-open source (akaita seMIT, Apache, kana GNU GPL) anobvumira kushandiswa mukutengeserana. Muganho wekuti "kushandiswa kusiri kwekutengeserana chete" unowanzo ratidza kuti software iyi ndeyemunhu kana kuti "source iripo," kwete open source zvichienderana netsananguro yeOpen Source Initiative.
