Kana bhizinesi rako richivimba nesoftware yausina kunyora, unovimba nekambani yakaita izvozvo. Une object code nerezenisi; mutengesi ane source code, build pipeline neruzivo. Kusawirirana ikoko kunobvumirwa nepo mutengesi achikwanisa kugadzirisa zvinhu, uye anomira kuita saizvozvo chero nguva isiriyo. Software escrow ndiyo mhinduro yakajairika, asi inoshanda chete kana yakanyorwa neDutch insolvency law mupfungwa - uye marongero mazhinji haasi.
Chii chinonzi escrow uye njodzi yainosangana nayo
Mutengesi anoisa kodhi yekodha uye zvinhu zvinotsigira kune mumwe munhu wechitatu akazvimirira, uyo anovachengeta kusvika chiitiko chakatsanangurwa chaitika uye ozozvipa kumutengi, uyo anogona kushandisa nekugadzirisa kodhi yacho kuti software irambe ichishanda. Njodzi ndeyekuenderera mberi, kwete kuva muridzi: mutengi ari kuita basa rake rekugadzirisa maodha, marekodhi evarwere kana kuronga kugadzirwa kwechigadzirwa chemutengesi mumwe chete hazvigone kuchinja neusiku humwe, nekuti kutama kunotora mwedzi yakawanda uye kazhinji kunoda rubatsiro rwemutengesi ari kubuda. Escrow inotenga nguva yekubuda nenzira yakarongeka. Mamiriro matatu akakosha:
- Kushaya mari. Mutengesi anoziviswa kuti haana mari, mutariri anogadzwa, vashandi vanoenda kubasa uye rutsigiro runomira. Kubhadhara mari kwakanyorwa kuti kuendeswe kubasa, uye kuti mutemo weDutch unoshanda kupi zvakanyanya.
- Kurega. Mutengesi anobvisa chigadzirwa, anodzima shanduro yako, kana kuti anotengwa nemumwe munhu asina hanya nekuiswa kwako. Chinonyanya kuitika kupfuura kubhuroka, uye kazhinji hachibatanidzwi muchikamu chekuburitsa.
- Kukundikana kuramba uchichengetedza. Mutengesi achiripo uye achiri kutumira ma invoice, asi haachagadzirisi zvikanganiso, anotumira zvidziviriro kana kuchengetedza chigadzirwa chinoenderana nezvinodiwa nacho.
Kurongeka kwemapoka maviri nemapoka matatu
Chibvumirano chemapato maviri chivimbiso chiri muchibvumirano chikuru chekuti mutengesi achamupa kodhi yekunobva kana chiitiko chakatsanangurwa chikaitika. Hazvina kudhura uye hazvina simba: hapana munhu anozvimirira anoongorora kuti chero chinhu chakaiswa kana kuti chakachengetedzwa, uye - zvine musoro - pakubhuroka uri kukumbira mutariri wepfuma kuti aite chisungo chepfuma, icho chisingamanikidzwi kuita.
Chibvumirano chemapato matatu chinowedzera mumiriri we escrow semunhu ari kuita chibvumirano. Mumiriri anotora mutoro, anoongorora mari yaakaisa, anoichengeta, uye ane chikwereti chakananga chekuisunungura. Ndicho chikonzero chekubhadhara imwe: kusunungurwa kunova kuzadzisa kwemunhu wechitatu anogadzirisa zvinhu pasi pechibvumirano chake, kwete nepfuma isina kubhadharwa. Mumiriri anosarudzawo kana chiitiko chekusunungurwa chakaitika, achibvisa izvozvo kumutariri asina chikonzero chekukubatsira.
Chii chiri kuchengetwa
Kukundikana kunowanzoitika hakusi pamutemo. Idhipoziti ine kodhi yekodhi chete. Kodhi yekodhi chete haiunganidzi: inopihwa kumugadziri asina mirairo yekuvaka uye asina runyorwa rwekuvimba, codebase hombe inogona kutora mavhiki ekugadzira reverse isati yaburitsa binary inoshanda - nguva yausina kana system isati yatove isina rutsigiro. Dhipoziti isina mirairo yekuvaka haina basa.
| chikamu | Nei zvichidikanwa |
|---|---|
| Kodhi yekodha, yakakwana uye yakagadzirwa | Inofanira kuenderana nekuburitswa kwacho mukugadzirwa, kwete bazi rekugadzira. |
| Mirayiridzo yekuvaka nekushandisa | Makomputa uye mavhezheni ekushandisa nguva yekumhanya, manyorerwo ekuvaka, nharaunda inoshanduka, matanho ekuisa. Pasina izvi, kodhi haigone kushanda sesoftware. |
| Magwaro ehunyanzvi uye anoshanda | Magadzirirwo edhizaini, modhi yedata, ma interface, zvikanganiso zvinozivikanwa. Inosarudza kana munhu wechitatu achigona kuchengetedza kodhi yacho kana kuishandisa chete. |
| Zvikamu zvebato rechitatu uye zvepachena | Rondedzero yezvinoda kushandiswa ine mavhezheni uye mitemo yemarezinesi. Zvimwe zvikamu zvebhizinesi zvinoda rezinesi rakasiyana kubva kune mutengesi wazvo. |
| Makiyi erezinesi, zvitupa, matsamba ekupa ruzivo | Software inofonera kune sevha yelayisensi yakafa haisi kuramba ichishanda. |
Wedzera chisungo chekuvandudza. Dhipoziti inopihwa kamwe chete kana yasainwa inoguma mukati menguva yekuburitswa kwemari imwe chete kana mbiri. Batanidza mari yaiswa pachirongwa chekuburitswa kwemari — yega yega yakabudiswa, kana nguva yakatarwa — uye tora kodzero yekuudzwa kana yanonoka.
Kusimbiswa: zvauri kubhadhara
Tenga sarudzo yepakati iri pazasi seyakajairwa, uye bvunzo yakazara apo kudzima kwedata kwaizovepo. Kuongorora kwemazinga efaira chete kwave pedyo nekutenga chero chinhu.
- Kuongorora huwandu hwefaira. Mumiriri anosimbisa kuti mari yaiswa mubhangi inoverengwa, haina mavhairasi uye inoenderana nerunyorwa rwemafaira. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti pane chasvika, kwete kuti chinoshanda.
- Kuzadzikiswa uye kuongororwa kwemagwaro. Mumiriri anoongorora mirairo yekuvaka uye kutsamira kwemari yaiswa uye anotaura nezvemikana. Sarudzo iyi yepakati yakakodzera vatengi vazhinji: inobata zvikanganiso zvinowanzo itika - matanho ekuvaka asina kushaikwa, kutsamira kusina magwaro, chikamu chausina kodzero yekushandisa - pamutengo wekuyedza kwakazara.
- Bvunzo rakazara rekuvaka uye kumhanya. Mumiriri anounganidza mari yaiswa munzvimbo yakachena uye anoishandisa zvichienderana nedata rekuyedza. Chikamu chega chinoratidza kuti mari yaiswa inoshanda, asi inononoka, inodhura, uye inoda kudzokororwa sezvo software ichichinja.
Zviitiko zvinoburitswa, zvakanyorwa kuti zvisakwanise kukakavadzana nezvazvo
Chisungo chekusunungura chikwereti ndicho chikonzero chinofanira kushandiswa nemumiriri we escrow kana akamanikidzwa uye pasina mazano emutemo. Chiitiko chega chega chinofanira kusimbiswa kubva mugwaro kana kupfuura kwenguva, kwete kubva mukutongwa pamusoro pemaitiro emutengesi.
| Chiitiko chekuburitsa | Maitiro ekuita kuti zvive pachena |
|---|---|
| Kubhuroka kwemutengesi | Mutongo wedare, kana kuti gwaro rekunyora rejista yekukundikana kubhadhara zvikwereti. |
| Kumiswa kwekubhadhara kana maitiro ekugadzirisazve | Kugadzwa kwemutariri kana nyanzvi yekugadzirisa zvinhu, zvichienderana nekunyorera kurejista. |
| Kuparara kana kumira kwebhizinesi | Kubviswa kunyoreswa kubva kurejista yekutengeserana, kana chisarudzo chekuputsa. |
| Kumiswa kwechigadzirwa kana shanduro iri kushandiswa | Chiziviso chakanyorwa chekuguma kwehupenyu, kana kupera kwenguva yakatarwa mushure mekunge mutengesi amira kuburitsa zvinhu. |
| Kukundikana kuramba kuripo kuchengetedza | Kukundikana kugadzirisa dambudziko rakakomba mukati menguva yekupindura kwechibvumirano, mushure mekuzivisa uye nguva yekurapa, kwakadzokororwa kakawanda muhwindo rakatarwa. |
| Kutamisirwa kwesoftware kune wechitatu bato | Hapana gwaro rakanyorwa rezvisungo zvekuchengetedza neanotenga mukati menguva yakatarwa. |
Zvinhu zviviri zvinoita basa rakawanda. Isa mutoro wekupokana pamutengesi: mutengi anozivisa mumiririri neumboo, mutengesi ane nguva pfupi yakatarwa yekupikisa, uye mumiririri anoburitsa pasina kupikisa. Uye gadzirisa nzira yekupokana pachine nguva - sarudzo yenyanzvi kana yekugadza pane nguva pfupi - saka kupikisa kunotenga mazuva, kwete mwedzi.
Mubvunzo weDutch wekushaya mari
Zvese zviri pamusoro apa zvakagadzirwa nekondirakiti. Zvinotevera ndizvo zvinosarudza kana zvichizoshanda kana mutengesi abhuroka.
Zvinogona kurambwa nemutariri
Pasi pechikamu 37 Fw, apo chibvumirano chekupana chisina kuitwa zvizere nemativi ese panguva yekuraira kwekusashanda zvakanaka, mumwe munhu anogona kupa mutariri nguva yakanyorwa yakakodzera yekuzivisa kana achaita basa rake; kana zvikasadaro, anorasikirwa nekodzero yekukumbira kuti basa rake riitwe zvakare. Chisingaitwe nechikamu 37 Fw kugumisa chibvumirano kana kupa mutariri simba rekugumisa. Chibvumirano chinogara chiripo; mutariri haasungirwi kuita basa rake, uye mumwe munhu anosara aine chikumbiro chekusashanda zvakanaka pasi pechikamu 37a Fw.
Pasoftware izvi zvinoreva kuti mutariri anogona kuramba kugadzirisa, kutsigira, kugadzirisa, kugadzirisa mawebhusaiti uye mamwe madhipoziti: mashandiro anoshanda anodhura mari yepfuma. Tarisira kuramba. Mubvunzo ndewokuti zvinogona here kuenderera mberi nekukumisa kushandisa zvaunazvo kare.
Nebula, berzona uye Credit Suisse/Jongepier
Kwemakore gumi izvi zvaive zvisina chokwadi. MuNebula (Hoge Raad, 3 Mbudzi 2006, ECLI:NL:HR:2006:AX8838) Dare Repamusorosoro rakatonga kuti kunyangwe kubhuroka kusingagumise zvibvumirano zviripo, mumwe munhu ane kodzero yekushandisa haagoni kuramba achiishandisa achipesana nemutariri wezvemitemo sekunge pasina kubhuroka kwakaitika; izvo zvaizoita kuti mumwe wevakweretesi arege kufuratira kubhuroka uku achirasikirwa nevamwe. Zvaitaurwa zvakanyanya sekunge mutungamiriri wezvemitemo abvisa kodzero yekushandisa iripo, uye zvakavhundutsa vane marezinesi.
Kuverengwa ikoko hakuna kuramba kuripo. Munyaya yeABN AMRO/Berzona (Hoge Raad, 11 Chikunguru 2014, ECLI:NL:HR:2014:1681) Dare Repamusorosoro rakatonga kuti kubhuroka hakuna zvakunokanganisa pazvibvumirano zviripo kana zvisungo zvinobva mazviri, uye haripi simba risingapiwe nemutariri wezvemitemo kana chibvumirano — semuenzaniso, harigone kugumisa chibvumirano chichiri kushanda.
Chinzvimbo ichi chakagadziriswa muCredit Suisse/Jongepier qq (Hoge Raad, 23 Kurume 2018, ECLI:NL:HR:2018:424). Mutariri wekambani anogona kuramba kuita basa rake, asi kubhuroka hakumupi simba rekuchinja mashandiro akaitwa neanokwereta asati abhuroka, kana kugumisa mashandiro anoramba achiita chero bedzi aine kushivirira kana kusaita chimwe chinhu.
Mashoko iwayo ndiwo akakosha kune software. Rezinesi chaizvoizvo ibasa remuridzi wekodzero yekubvumira kushandiswa kwaizokanganisa kodzero dzekodzero dzemakombiyuta - basa rinoenderera mberi rinosanganisira kushivirira. Saka, maererano nemutemo uripo, rezinesi rinopiwa zviri pamutemo kubhuroka kusati kwasara, uye mutariri haagone kuribvisa. Mutariri anogona kuramba zvese zviri kushanda, asi haakwanise kudzima kodzero yekushandisa yaunayo.
Zvinorevei izvozvo pakurongeka kwako
Zvinhu zviviri zvinotevera. Chengeta chisungo chekusunungura mumiriri we escrow, kwete mutengesi: chakagadzwa sechisungo chakazvimirira chinochengetwa nebato rechitatu, kusunungura ibasa remumiriri pachake, uye simba remutariri pasi pechinyorwa. 37 Fw kucherechedza mashandiro anokweretwa nepfuma pane kumumiriri we solvent, nepo vimbiso yemapato maviri ichida mashandiro epfuma, izvo mutariri anogona kuramba. Uye kupa rezenisi pachine nguva pane kusunungurwa - iyo imwe pfungwa inonyanya kukosha yekunyora, inokurukurwa pazasi.
Mukugadzirisazve kwete kubhuroka, art. 373 Fw inorambidza kuvimba nezvirevo zve ipso facto — zvikamu zvinobvumira mumwe munhu kugadzirisa, kumisa kana kugumisa chibvumirano nekuti maitiro ekugadzirisazve atanga. Kurambidzwa ikoko kunoshanda muhurongwa hwechirongwa, kwete mukubhuroka, uye mhinduro yacho zvakare ine chimiro: apo hurongwa hwacho hunonyorwa sekuchengetedzwa kwakazvimirira nebato rechitatu, chikonzero chekusunungurwa chinoshanda pachisungo chemumiriri uye hachirevi kuti chikamu che ipso facto chinogona kubviswa, mukugadzirisazve kweWHOA kupfuura mukubhuroka.
Maitiro ekuti rezenisi inofanira kurongwa sei
Escrow inokupa kopi yekodhi yekodhi, kwete kodzero yekuita chero chinhu nayo. Kodhi yekodhi ibasa rakachengetedzwa; kuiunganidza, kuigadzirisa uye kumhanyisa mhedzisiro yacho zviito zvakaganhurirwa. Pasina rezinesi rinovafukidza, dhipoziti yakaburitswa ifolda yausingafaniri kuvhura. Batanidza escrow nerezinesi zvinobvumidza mutengi, pakuburitswa, kushandisa, kuunganidza, kugadzirisa uye kuwedzera kodhi yekodhi, uye kuti izvozvo zviitwe nemumwe munhu wechitatu - mukuita, hauzoiti basa racho wega.
Saka nguva yacho. Rezinesi rinopihwa pakusunungurwa harina kusimba. Kana chiitiko chekusunungurwa chiri chekubhuroka pachacho, rubatsiro rwacho runofanira kuitwa nemunhu ane chikwereti, uyo, kubva pazuva rekuraira kwekubhuroka, akarasikirwa nesimba rekutengesa midziyo iri munhaka; art. 23 Fw uye art. 35 Fw inomira munzira, uye mutariri haazokupi rubatsiro. Credit Suisse/Jongepier zvinoreva kuti mutariri haagone kubvisa rezinesi rawakanga uinaro kare - asi hapana chekudzosera kana usina kumbobvira wava naro.
Zvipei muchibvumirano pachacho, musati mava nekukundikana kubhadhara, zvichienderana nemutemo wekutanga: wakapihwa izvozvi, uchitanga kushanda pachiitiko chekusunungurwa. Kodzero iripo kubva pazuva rechibvumirano; chete kushanda kwayo kunononotswa. Mutemo weDutch unowanzo gamuchira chimiro ichi. MuRabobank /Reuser (Hoge Raad, 3 Chikumi 2016, ECLI:NL:HR:2016:1046) Dare Repamusorosoro rakabvuma kuti kana kodzero ine miganhu yakasikwa kubhuroka kusati kwatanga, kuzadzikiswa kwemutemo kwakazotanga kushanda pasina chimwe chiito chemukwereti. Nyaya iyoyo yaibata nekuchinjisa zvinhu zvine miganhu uye chitsidzo pamusoro pekodzero ine miganhu. Kuishandisa kune rezenisi yekodzero ine miganhu kunowedzera kunotsigirwa mumabhuku emutemo kwete pfungwa yakagadziriswa nematare, uye inofanira kuratidzwa saizvozvo.
Simbisai zvakare kuti kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvakaburitswa hakudi mvumo kubva kumutengesi kana mutariri wake, uye kuti kupa marezenisi epasi kune mugadziri anotsiva kunotenderwa.
SaaS negore: kodhi yekodha haina kukwana
Kune software unozvishandira wega, source code pamwe nemirairo yekuvaka pamwe ne rezinesi zviri pedyo nemhinduro yakazara. Kune sevhisi hazvisizvo. Kana puratifomu yemutengesi ikashaikwa, warasikirwa neapplication, mamiriro ayo uye data rako - uye source code inongogadzirisa yekutanga chete, zvishoma nezvishoma. SaaS continuity arrangement inofanira kuwedzera zvinhu zvitatu:
- Nzvimbo yekushanda. Mifananidzo yemidziyo, tsananguro dzezvivakwa-se-kodhi, magadzirirwo, marongero enetwork uye kuchengetedzeka, zvinoenderana nenguva yekushandisa — zvakakwana kuti puratifomu ishande kune imwe nzvimbo.
- The data. Kutumira data rako pachako nguva dzose muchimiro chakanyorwa, chisiri chemunhu, nechirongwa. Data rausingakwanise kuverenga harisi data raunaro, uye kutumira data rako kunofanirwa kushanda muchibvumirano chose, kwete chete pakuburitswa.
- Hukama hwekugamuchira vaenzi. Nzira yekupinda muchibvumirano chemutengesi nemupi wehosting yake, kana kuzivisa mupi wehosting kuti unogona kutora account wobhadhara zvakananga.
Dzimwe nzira, uye kuti ndiani anobhadhara
Escrow haisiyo nguva dzose inonyanya kukosha, kunyanya kune zvigadzirwa zvakajairika apo uri mutengi mumwe chete pakati pezviuru uye njodzi chaiyo ndeyekudonha kwezuva pane kukundikana. Sarudzo nhatu dzakareruka dzinowanzo batsira: kubuda kwedata kurudyi - kutumira kunze nguva nenguva muchimiro chakanyorwa, kwakaedzwa kanenge kamwe chete - kufukidza kuwanda kwekuratidzwa pasina muripo; kodzero yekopi iri kushanda , mufananidzo unogona kushandiswa waunogona kumhanya kwenguva yekuchinja, kudzorera sevhisi nekukurumidza kupfuura kuvakazve; uye kubhadhara zvakananga kune mupi wehosting , kuchengetedza nharaunda ichishanda paunenge uchitama - kuenderera mberi kwegore kwakachipa, uye kunowanzo regeredzwa.
Kana uchishandisa escrow, tarisira muripo wekugadzirisa kamwe chete, muripo wekuchengetedza wegore negore unodzokororwa, uye muripo wakasiyana pakuongorora kwese unoenderana nehukuru hwecheki. Mutengo unoenderana nemunhu wese anoda dziviriro, kazhinji mutengi, kunyangwe mutengesi anopa escrow senzvimbo yekutengesa angaitakura, uye chirongwa chevabatsiri vakawanda chinofukidza vatengi vakati wandei vechinhu chimwe chete chinoparadzira - nzvimbo yakajairika apo mutengesi anoramba. Ita kuti kusabhadhara kuve chimwe chinhu chinofanira kuziviswa nemumiriri kwauri, nekodzero yekubhadhara panzvimbo payo.
Rondedzero yekutaurirana nezve escrow
- Chibvumirano chechokwadi chevanhu vatatu here nemumiriri akazvimiririra ane chikwereti chekukusunungura zvakananga?
- Ko rezenisi yekushandisa, kuunganidza, kugadzirisa uye kuwedzera kugadzira kodhi yekodha yakapihwa here? ikozvino, pasi pemutemo wekutanga, pane kuvimbiswa pakusunungurwa?
- Rondedzero yekuisa mari inosanganisira mirairo yekuvaka, zvinoenderana, makiyi erezinesi uye magwaro, kwete kodhi yekodha chete, inovandudzwa pane imwe neimwe yakabudiswa here?
- Ndechipi chiyero chekusimbisa chakapihwa, uye chinodzokororwa kangani?
- Zviitiko zvekuburitswa kwenyaya zvinogoneka here kubva pagwaro kana kuti nekufamba kwenguva, nenguva pfupi yekupikisa uye nzira yekukakavadzana nekukurumidza?
- Kune SaaS: nharaunda, data uye hukama hwekuchengetedza zvinofukidzwa here, kana kuti kodhi chete?
- Ndiani anobhadhara, chii chinoitika kana mutengesi akarega kubhadhara, uye chibvumirano che escrow chinoenderana nemutemo wekutonga wechibvumirano chikuru uye zvirevo zveIP here?
Mutariri wekuDutch ari mubhangi anogona here kumisa mumiriri we escrow kuburitsa kodhi yesource?
Kwete zvakananga. Muchibvumirano chemapato matatu, chisungo chekusunungura chikwereti chinopihwa kwauri nemumiriri we escrow pasi pechibvumirano chake, uye mumiriri haana kubhuroka. Simba remutariri pasi pechinyorwa. 37 Fw nderekuramba mabasa anokweretwa nenhaka, kwete kuraira mumiriri. Ndicho chikonzero chikuru chekuda chibvumirano chemapato matatu pane vimbiso yemutengesi.
Ko rezenisi yangu yesoftware inorarama here kana mutengesi akabhuroka?
Rezinesi rakapihwa zviri pamutemo kubhuroka kusati kwasara, uye mutariri haagone kuribvisa. MuCredit Suisse/Jongepier qq (Hoge Raad, 23 Kurume 2018, ECLI:NL:HR:2018:424) Dare Repamusorosoro rakasimbisa kuti mutariri haafanire kugumisa basa rinoenderera mberi rinosanganisira kushivirira kana kurega, uye rezinesi kuita kwakadaro. Mutariri anogona kuramba zvese zvinoshanda: kugadzirisa, kutsigira, kugadzirisa, kugamuchira.
Mutongo weNebula uchiri kutyisidzira vane marezenisi here?
Kwete muchimiro chaimbotyiwa. Nebula (Hoge Raad, 3 Mbudzi 2006, ECLI:NL:HR:2006:AX8838) yaitaurwa zvakanyanya sekuti inorega mutariri achiregeredza kodzero iripo yekushandisa. Berzona naCredit Suisse/Jongepier vakaganhurira kuverenga ikoko. Mutariri anogona kuramba kuita, asi haana simba iro mutemo kana chibvumirano hachimupi, uye kubvisa rezinesi harisi simba rakadaro.
Sei rezinesi rinopiwa chete kana raburitswa riri dambudziko?
Nekuti rubatsiro rwacho runofanira kuitwa mushure mekubhuroka, kana mukwereti arasikirwa nesimba rekutengesa midziyo yenhaka uye mutariri asina chisungo chekukuitira. Mutemo wenyaya unochengetedza marezenisi awakatove nawo; hausi kuumba chero chinhu. Ipa izvozvi, zvichienderana nemutemo unotanga kushanda pakusunungurwa.
Ko escrow inobatsira here nemutengesi weSaaS?
Chikamu chimwe chete. Kodhi yekunobva haidzoreri sevhisi iri kushanda. Hurongwa hweSaaS hunoshanda hunofanirawo kufukidza mamiriro ekushanda - mifananidzo yemidziyo, tsananguro yezvivakwa, magadzirirwo - kutumirwa kwedata rako nguva dzose muchimiro chakanyorwa, uye nzira yekutora kana kubhadhara mupi wehosting. Pasina izvozvo, zvinokupa purojekiti yekuvakazve kwete kuramba uchienderera mberi.
Ko kusimbiswa kwakakodzera here kubhadhara?
Ehe, padanho repakati. Kuongorora kwechikamu chemafaira kunongoratidza kuti pane chasvika. Ongororo yekukwana kwayo ichienzaniswa nemirayiridzo yekuvaka uye runyorwa rwezvinoenderana nezvinodiwa nevatengi inoratidza zvikanganiso zvakakosha - matanho ekuvaka asipo, zvibvumirano zvisina kunyorwa, zvikamu zvausina kodzero yekushandisa. Bvunzo yekuvaka yakazara uye kumhanya ndiyo yega sarudzo inogutsa, yakakodzera mutengo wayo apo kudzimwa kwaizovepo.
