Kutevedzera zvirango zvinoreva kusimbisa, mari isati yatamiswa kana kutumirwa kwezvinhu, kuti hapana mumwe wevanoshanda navo, muridzi, ngarava kana mushandisi wekupedzisira anobatwa nemutemo unorambidza, uye wobva wamisa uye wozivisa chero chinotaurwa nemutemo chinofanira kumiswa uye kuziviswa. Kune bhizinesi riri muNetherlands, mitemo inosunga ndiyo mitemo inoshanda zvakananga yezvirango zveEU, inosimbiswa munyika yese kuburikidza neSanctiewet 1977; kutyora mutemo imhosva yehupfumi pasi peWet op de economische delicten (WED). Chisungo chinobata makambani mazhinji hachisi runyorwa pacharwo asi bvunzo yekuva muridzi nekudzora: kambani isina kunyorwa inobatwa seyakanyorwa kana bato rimwe chete kana anopfuura akanyorwa aine 50 muzana kana kupfuura.
Zvinodiwa nebhizinesi riri muNetherlands kuti ritevedzere zvirango
Basa rega rega rakatangwa muNetherlands rinosungirwa nezvirango zveEU, uye ndizvo zvakaitawo mugari wese weDutch uye bhizinesi rega rega rinoitwa rose kana kuti chikamu charo munharaunda yeDutch. Chisungo ichocho chinodarika vanotumira kunze kwenyika nemabhangi. Chinoshanda kune anoronga kutumira zvinhu, kambani yesoftware inopa rezenisi, accountant anoburitsa invoice, muridzi wemba anorenda nzvimbo yekuchengetera zvinhu uye mugovani anowana dividend. Matanho ekudzivirira anotonga mari nezviwanikwa zvehupfumi, pazvinhu netekinoroji, uye pane runyorwa rwemabasa ari kuwedzera.
Basa iri, richingoitwa nezvinhu zvina zvinokosha, rine mabasa mana anoramba achiitwa. Unofanira kuziva kuti uri kushanda naani, kusanganisira kuti ndiani anovatonga uye ndiani anovapa. Unofanira kuziva zvauri kupa uye kuti zvichaguma kupi. Unofanira kumira woisa chando kana nyaya yacho yaonekwa, kwete mushure mekunge wawana zano. Uye unofanira kuzivisa, kune vane simba vanosarudzwa nemutemo, mukati menguva yavanoronga. Mutemo wega wega, chishandiso chekuongorora, uye chikamu chekudzidzisa zviripo chete kuti zvinhu zvina izvozvo zviitike zvakavimbika uye zvinodzokororwa.
Hapana muganho we de minimis. Kubhadhara mari diki kune munhu akanyorwa kutyora mutemo nenzira imwecheteyo nehombe, uye chokwadi chekuti kutumira kwacho kwaiitwa nguva dzose, kusina pundutso kana kuti kwaifadza mutengi wenguva refu hachichinje chinhu. Uye kutyorwa kwezvirango hakusi nyaya yechinangwa chega: zvinorambidzwa zvinonyorwa nenzira yakatwasuka, uye kusavapo kwechivimbo chakaipa kunokanganisa mutongo kwete mhosva. Kusaziva chimiro chemuridzi wekambani hakusi kudzivirira kana kuferefeta kwakakodzera kwaizozvizivisa.
Imwe pfungwa yemashoko inokosha kugadziriswa pakutanga, nekuti inokonzera kuvhiringidzika kwechokwadi. Izwi rekuti chirango rinoshandiswa nenzira mbiri dzakasiyana mumutemo weDutch. Chinyorwa chino chinotaura nezvematanho ekudzora anoshandiswa pamatunhu, masangano nevanhu sechishandiso chemutemo wekunze. Kuti uwane zvirango mupfungwa yezvirango zvinoiswa mumatare emhosva nekutonga, ona gwara redu rakazara rematanho epasi rose neemuno ekurangwa.
Kwakabva mitemo iyi: Mitemo yeEU, Sanctiewet 1977 uye Wed
Zvirango zveEU zvinotora chimiro chemitemo yeDare, iyo inoshanda zvakananga muNetherlands pasina chero chiito chekuiisa. Zvinotanga kushanda kana zvaburitswa muOfficial Journal, mukuita pazuva razvinoonekwa, ndosaka imwe kambani yaigamuchirwa neChishanu masikati inogona kurambidzwa neMuvhuro mangwanani. Mitemo inonyanya kukosha mukushanda ndeyemutemo wekubvisa midziyo wakagamuchirwa muna 2014 mukupindura mamiriro ezvinhu muUkraine, mutemo wechikamu cheRussia wegore rimwe chete, mutemo weIran wa2012 uye mutemo wekushandisa kaviri wa2021.
Mutemo wenyika unopa nzira dzekumanikidza vanhu kuti vatevedzere mutemo. Mutemo weSanctiewet wa1977 mutemo wehurongwa: unopa simba makurukota ane mutoro wekubudisa mutemo wekusachengetedza mutemo, kuronga kutarisira, uye kugadzira chirauro chinoshandura kutyorwa kwemutemo weEU kuita mutemo unorangwa muNetherlands. Kune masangano emari, Sanctiewet wa1977 unosarudza De Nederlandsche Bank neAutoriteit Financiele Markten sevatariri, uye Mutemo weRegeling toezicht Sanctiewet wa1977 unoda kuti masangano iwayo achengetedze hurongwa hwakakwana hwekutonga uye kutonga kwemukati uye kuzivisa chero chinhu chipi zvacho kumukuru wavo pasina kunonoka. Makambani ari kunze kwechikamu chezvemari haana mutariri akavakirwa parezenisi, izvo zvinowanzo nzwisiswa zvisirizvo sekusavapo kwechisungo. Hazvisi; zvinongoreva kuti kumanikidza kunosvika kuburikidza neCustoms nemutemo wemhosva kwete kuburikidza nehurukuro yekutarisira.
Mutemo wemhosva uyu ndiwo mutemo weWet op de economische delicten. Kutyora mitemo yakaitwa pasi peSanctiewet 1977 imhosva yezvehupfumi; kuiitira nemaune imhosva (misdrijf), zvikasadaro imhosva yekutonga (overtreding). WED inobvumira kuiswa mujeri nekubhadhariswa faindi, kutorwa kwepurofiti yakawanikwa, uye mamwe matanho akadai sekuisa bhizinesi pasi pehutongi kana kuraira kuvharwa kwaro. Kuferefeta kunoitwa neFIOD pasi pekutungamirirwa kweFunctieel Parket, bazi renyanzvi revashandi vezvekupomerwa mhosva dzezvehupfumi nedzemari.
Zvinhu zviviri zvakakosha kuteverwa. Padanho reEU, Directive (EU) 2024/1226 ya24 Kubvumbi 2024 inomanikidza nyika dziri nhengo kuti dziite kuti katarogu yakatsanangurwa yekutyorwa kwezvirango ive mhosva, kusanganisira kutyora mutemo, uye kupa zvirango zvinoshanda kune vanhu vepamutemo. Padanho renyika, bhiri reWet internationale sanctiemaatregelen rakaendeswa kuTweede Kamer musi wa17 Kukadzi 2026 uye richiri kufungwa nezvazvo. Richatsiva Sanctiewet 1977 zvakanyanya, kugadzira Centraal Meldpunt Sancties imwe chete yekuzivisa, uye kuwedzera kusimbiswa kwekutonga pamwe chete nekupomerwa mhosva. Kusvikira bhiri iroro rapasiswa uye ratanga kushanda nemutemo wehumambo, Sanctiewet 1977 inoramba ichishanda zvizere.
Zviri mukati meRussia zvinoyera shanduko nepakeji yega yega, uye kuidzokorora pano kuchaonekwa mukati memavhiki. Kuti uwane chimiro chepakeji dzinotevedzana uye zvavanofukidza, ona pfupiso yedu yezvirango zvakatorwa kuRussia , uye kuti uwane chokwadi chekutengeserana nedunhu redu reEurasia neCIS Desk.
Kuongorora: ndeapi mazita aunoongorora, uye kangani
Kuongorora ndiyo musimboti wekutevedzera zvirango, uye kuongorora mazita kwete nyika. Nzvimbo ine simba yebhizinesi muNetherlands irunyorwa rwevanhu, mapoka nemasangano ari pasi pezvirango zvemari rweEU, runochengetwa neEuropean Commission uye rwakanyorwazve muMepu yeZvirango zveEU. Zvinzvimbo zveUnited Nations zvinosvika kwauri kuburikidza nerunyorwa irworwo rweEU. Pamwe chete narwo pane runyorwa rwehugandanga hwenyika runochengetwa nehurumende yeDutch uye, kumakambani ane ruzivo nezveUnited States, runyorwa rweSpecially Designated Nationals rweOffice of Foreign Assets Control.
Mapato amunoongorora akawandisa kupfuura bato ramuri kubhadharisa. Chirongwa chinodzivirirwa chinoongorora mutengi, mubereki wemutengi nevanogovana, vatungamiriri nevaridzi vemari, vatengesi nevanopa makondirakiti, vamiririri nevamiririri, vanotumira zvinhu nevanotakura, mabhangi ari kumativi ese ekubhadhara, makambani einishuwarenzi, uye mushandisi wekupedzisira akanyorwa pamagwaro ekutumira. Kana zvinhu zvikafamba negungwa kana nendege, ngarava nendege zvinosarudzwa zvega uye zvinozivikanwa nenhamba yeIMO kana chiratidzo chekunyoresa kwete nezita, nekuti mazita anochinja uye nhamba dzeIMO hadzichinji.
Nguva inokosha sekuvhara. Kuongorora pakupinda chete hakuna zvakunobatsira, nekuti mazita anowedzerwa nguva dzose uye anotanga kushanda ipapo ipapo. Mutsetse unoshanda ikutarisa pakupinda, cheki isati yatengeswa kana kutumirwa kwese, uye kuongororazve faira rese remubatanidzwa pese painogadziriswa runyorwa rweEU. Nyora zuva, vhezheni yerondedzero uye mhedzisiro yecheki yega yega. Kana vatungamiriri vezvemitemo vakatarisa faira makore maviri gare gare, mubvunzo hausi wekuti waive wakarurama here asi kuti unogona here kuratidza zvawaiziva uye riini.
Tarisira zvinhu zvakanaka zvenhema uye ronga kuti zviitike. Kushandura kubva kuCyrillic neFarsi kunoita kuti pave nemaperetera akawanda ane zita rimwe chete, mazita emhuri anowanzo buritsa ruzha, uye muganho wekuti zvinhu zvienderane zvakanaka unovanza zvakanyanya mapfumo chaiwo ukuwo rimwe richiviga mupurisa wekutevedzera mutemo. Mhinduro yacho inzira yakanyorwa yekubata pfumo: ndiani anoongorora pfumo rinogona kuenderana, ruzivo rwakawedzerwa rwunounganidzwa, ndiani angarubvisa, uye ndiani anofanira kuziviswa kana rwukaramba. Kubvisa pfumo zvisarudzo uye zviri mufaira rine zvikonzero.
Kuongorora zvirango kunowanzo vhiringidzwa nekuongorora zvinodiwa nevatengi pasi pemutemo weWet ter voorkoming van witwassen en financieren van terrorise (Wwft), uye zviviri izvi zvakasiyana zvechokwadi. Kuongorora zvinodiwa neWwft kunoshanda chete kumasangano akasarudzwa, kunoenderana nenjodzi, uye kunobvumira nzira yakaenzana. Mitemo yezvirango inoshanda kune wese munhu uye haibvumiri kuenzana: bato rakanyorwa rinorambidzwa, rinomira zvachose. Hutongi huviri hunosimbisana mukuita, uye faira rimwe chete rinowanzo shanda zvese. Kuti uwane divi rekuziva mutengi rebasa iroro, ona gwara redu rezvisungo zveKYC , uye kuti uwane mufananidzo wakakura wemhosva dzemari gwara redu rekuongorora mari muNetherlands . Cherechedza kuti kushambidza mari pachako kwakaitwa mhosva muzvinyorwa 420bis kusvika 420quater zveWetboek van Strafrecht, kwete muWwft, iyo inoisa mabasa ekudzivirira chete.
Kuedza kwekuva muridzi uye kutonga: nei 50 muzana inosarudza
Sangano risingaonekwe pane runyorwa zvachose rinoonekwa serakanyoreswa kana riri rebato rakanyorwa kana kuti richitongwa nebato rakanyorwa. Uyu ndiwo mutemo unonyanya kukosha mumitemo yezvirango zvemabhizinesi, uye unowanzo shaikwa, nekuti kutarisa zita parunyorwa rwakabatanidzwa hakudzore chinhu uye faira rinovharwa.
Kuva muridzi wekambani ibvunzo yakajeka. Kana munhu kana sangano rakanyorwa rine 50 muzana kana kupfuura yekodzero dzemuridzi mune rimwe sangano, sangano iroro rinobatwa, uye mari yaro nezviwanikwa zvehupfumi zvinofanirwa kuvharirwa nenzira imwecheteyo. Kubata kwacho kunogona kunge kwakananga kana kusina kunanga, uye masheya emapato akati wandei akanyorwa anowedzerwa pamwe chete. Vagovani vaviri vakanyorwa vane 30 muzana ne25 muzana zvakateerana saka vanoyambuka muganho kunyangwe pasina mumwe wavo ari ega. Nekuti bvunzo yacho inobatanidzwa, makambani epakati anofanira kuteverwa pane kumira padanho rekutanga risina kunyorwa.
Kudzora ibvunzo yakasiyana uye haina chikamu zvachose. Bato rakanyorwa rinogona kudzora sangano kuburikidza nekodzero yekugadza kana kubvisa ruzhinji rwebhodhi, kuburikidza nechibvumirano chevagovani chinoripa simba guru, kuburikidza nekudzora manejimendi yezuva nezuva, kuburikidza nekuvimbisa zvikwereti zvesangano, kana kuburikidza nechero imwe nzira inoribvumira kutungamira nyaya dzesangano. Mugove wevashoma pamwe chete nekodzero dzakadaro zvakakwana. Ndokusaka chati yemuridzi wega isina kukwana uye nei magwaro ebumbiro uye chero chibvumirano chevagovani zvichifanira kuonekwa kune makambani ane njodzi huru.
Kubata nesangano rine muridzi we50 muzana kana kupfuura webato rakanyorwa zviri pamutemo kwakafanana nekubata nebato rakanyorwa pacharo. Kusaongorora chimiro chemuridzi hakusi kudzivirira.
Usavhiringe muganho uyu nehuwandu hwe25 muzana hunozivikanwa kubva kuUBO register. Makumi maviri nemashanu muzana ndiwo muganho weWwft wekuziva muridzi wepamusoro anobatsira; unokuudza waunofanira kuziva. Makumi mashanu muzana kana kupfuura ndiwo muganho wezvirango; unokuudza wausingafaniri kubhadhara. Kusanganisa zviviri izvi kunounza zvikanganiso zviviri zvekare: kubvisa mumwe munhu wechikwata nekuti hapana mumwe wevane masheya akanyorwa anosvika makumi maviri nemashanu muzana, uye kumisa hukama husingabvi pabvunzo yekuva muridzi.
Izvi zvinoreva kukumbira mumwe nemumwe ane njodzi huru chati yemuridzi wekambani iripo kusvika kuvanhuwo zvavo, kuisimbisa zvichienderana nemarejista emakambani kwaakavimbika, kunyora zuva rekusimbiswa, uye kuda kuti mumwe wacho akuzivise nezvekuchinja kupi zvako. Maumbirwo emuridzi wekambani anogadziriswazve nemaune kuti apfuure mwero, saka chati inowanikwa isati yasvika inofanira kuzorodzwa mushure meimwe.
Kuomesa nekuisa mishumo: zvaunofanira kuita, uye waunofanira kuudza
Kana chinhu chakafanana chasimbiswa, chisungo chacho chinobva changomira uye chakapetwa kaviri: mira, uye taura. Kumira nechando zvinoreva kuti hapana chinobuda mukutonga kwako. Mari inomiswa, zvinhu hazviburitswe, mabasa anomiswa, zvikwereti zvinosara zviripo uye hapana mari yehupfumi inowanikwa kune vakanyorwa, zvakananga kana zvisina kunanga. Kumira nechando kunoverengwa zvakanyanya: kubhadhara mutengesi anozopa mari, kusunungura zvinhu zvinogona kutengeswa, kana kupa sevhisi ine kukosha kwehupfumi zvese zvinowira mukati mayo. Haufanirwe kubhadhara mari yakavharwa pachikwereti, uye haufanirwe kusunungura zvinhu pavimbiso yebhangi.
Kushuma muNetherlands pari zvino kwaparara, iro ndiro dambudziko guru riri kutarisirwa kugadziriswa neCentral Meldpunt Sancties. Kusvika panguva iyoyo, mushumo unoenda kubazi rine chekuita nerudzi rwezvinhu zviri kutaurwa nezvazvo. Zvinhu zvemari zvakachengetwa zvinoziviswa kuBazi reMari. Makambani nemasheya asina kunyorwa pachawo anoenda kuBazi rezvehupfumi. Zvinhu zvisingafambi zvinoziviswa kuBazi rezvemukati neHushamwari hweUmambo, ngarava nendege kuBazi rezvekuvaka neKutarisira Mvura, uye zvinhu zvetsika kuBazi reDzidzo, Tsika neSainzi. Kero dzemishumo dziripo dziri kuburitswa pa rijksoverheid.nl, uye Netherlands inotumira ruzivo kuEuropean Commission.
Mapato akanyorwa pachawo ane basa rakasiyana. Munhu kana sangano rakasarudzwa pasi pehurumende dzeRussia, Belarus, Haiti kana Iran rinofanira kuzivisa pfuma yaro muEuropean Union mukati memavhiki matanhatu kubva pakanyorwa. Kukundikana kuzivisa pacharo kutyora mutemo, uye ndiyo imwe yenzira dzinoburitsa pachena zvinhu zvakavanzika.
Masangano emari anotarisirwa neDe Nederlandsche Bank kana kuti Autoriteit Financiele Markten anopa mushumo wekuchinjana kune maneja wavo pasina kunonoka pasi pemutemo weRegeling toezicht Sanctiewet 1977, pamwe chete nemushumo wezvinhu kubazi. Kune vamwe vese mutemo unoshanda uri nyore: kana uine chimwe chinhu chiri chebato rakanyorwa kana kuti chinobatsira, mumwe munhu ari muhurumende anofanira kuudzwa, uye nekukurumidza.
Kusunungura rusununguko hakusi sarudzo yaunogona kuzviitira wega. Kana mutemo uchibvumira kusateerera, kune zvinodiwa zvekutanga, kune mari dzebasa, kune zvibvumirano zviripo kare kana kune zvinangwa zverubatsiro, bazi rine hunyanzvi rinofanira kuzvipa pachine nguva, nekunyora, uye pane zvinodiwa nemutemo. Nguva dzekupera kwekushanda dzinoshanda nenzira imwecheteyo: inguva yakatarwa yakanyorwa mumutemo, kwete nguva yenyasha inokurukuriranwa, uye kana yapera, mashandiro acho anorambidzwa chero zvataurwa nekondirakiti.
Kudzora kutengeswa kwezvinhu kunze kwenyika, zvinhu zvinoshandiswa kaviri uye kurambidzwa kwekutengeserana
Kuongororwa kwezvirango kunobatana naani; kutonga kwekutumira kunze kwenyika kunobatana nei. Zvinhu zvinoshandiswa kaviri, kureva zvinhu, software uye tekinoroji zvine mashandisirwo ehurumende neemauto, zvinoda rezenisi yekutumira kunze kubva kuEuropean Union pasi pemutemo wekushandisa kaviri. MuNetherlands marezenisi anopihwa neCentrale Dienst voor In- en Uitvoer, chikamu cheCustoms, zvichibva pamutemo wakagadzwa neBazi reZvekunze. Rondedzero yekudzora ndeyehunyanzvi uye inosanganisira zvinopfuura zvombo: komputa inoshanda zvakanyanya, mamwe masensa nema lasers, maturusi emuchina, software yekuvhara uye michina yekugadzira semiconductor zvese zvinoonekwa pairi.
Zvinhu zviviri zvinogara zvichishamisa mabhizinesi. Chekutanga ndicho chinonetsa: kunyangwe chinhu chisiri pane runyorwa rwekutonga chinoda rezenisi kana wakaziviswa nevakuru, kana kuti uchiziva, kuti chakagadzirirwa kushandiswa nemauto kana chirongwa chezvombo zvekuparadza vanhu vazhinji. Kuziva kunotongwa zvichienderana nezvakataurwa nemutengesi anoshingaira kubva mumamiriro ezvinhu. Chechipiri ndechekuti zvirango zvenyika zvakasiyana-siyana zvinowedzera zvirambidzo zvavo zvekutumira kunze pamusoro perunyorwa rwekushandisa kaviri, izvo zvakaita kuti zvinhu zvemaindasitiri, mota, makemikari nezvinhu zveumbozha zvirambidzwe kuRussia. Kune boka rezvinhu zvine hunyanzvi, mitemo yeEU inodawo kuti vatengesi vabatanidze chirambidzo chechibvumirano chekudzoserwazve kuRussia muzvibvumirano zvavo zvekutengesa, uye kupa mhinduro kana mutengi akatyora.
Pamwe chete nezvirambidzo pane mutemo wekudzivirira kudziviswa: hazvibvumidzwe kutora chikamu uchiziva uye nemaune muzviitiko zvine chinangwa kana mhedzisiro yekudzivisa chiyero chinorambidza. Apa ndipo panonyanya kusimbiswa mabasa mazhinji ekumanikidza, uye chinangwa chayo ndechekudzosera nzira kuburikidza nenyika dzechitatu. Zviratidzo zvekunyevera zvinoenderana uye zvakakodzera kudzidziswa kwevashandi kuti vazive. Murevereri mutsva anoonekwa mumusika usina nhoroondo yekutenga chigadzirwa. Mushandisi wekupedzisira akaziviswa ane bhizinesi risingade zvinhu. Kuwanda kweodha kunokwira pasina tsananguro. Mari yekubhadhara inobva kudunhu risina hukama nemutengi. Mutengi anoramba kusaina chirevo chemushandisi wekupedzisira, anoramba kushanya panzvimbo, kana kuti haana hanya nemutengo, zvirevo kana rutsigiro rwekutengesa mushure mekutengesa.
Masevhisi ave nzvimbo yekudzora pachayo. Matanho eEU anorambidza kupa masevhisi akasiyana-siyana kumasangano akagadzwa muRussia, pakati pawo accounting, auditing, business and management consultancy, public relations, IT consultancy uye mamwe masevhisi ekupa mazano emutemo, zvichienderana nezvisizvo zvakatsanangurwa. Saka, mupi wekupa mazano wekuDutch kana software anogona kutyora zvirango asina kumbotumira chinhu chaicho. Chengeta zvirevo zvemushandisi wekupedzisira, marezenisi, magwaro ekufambisa uye tsamba kwenguva yekuchengeta inoshanda, uye ita shuwa kuti faira rinotsanangura kwete chete zvakasarudzwa asi kuti nei.
Kutevedzwa kwemutemo, zvirango uye mutoro wemunhu
Kumanikidza vanhu kuti vatevedze mutemo muNetherlands kunofamba munzira dzakawanda panguva imwe chete. Dhipatimendi reCustoms rinoongorora zvinhu zviri pamuganhu uye rinobata zvinhu zvinomutsa mibvunzo. FIOD inoongorora mhosva dzinofungidzirwa uye inoshanda neFunctioneel Parket, iyo inotonga nyaya dzekupomerwa. De Nederlandsche Bank neAutoriteit Financiele Markten vanotarisira masangano emari uye vanogona kuisa matanho ekutonga paari. Bazi rezveKunze rinoronga mutemo wezvirango, nepo madhipatimendi ataurwa pamusoro apa achitonga kurambidzwa uye kudziviswa munzvimbo dzawo.
Mhedzisiro yekutyora mutemo haingogumiri pa faindi. Nekuti mhosva dzezvirango dziri pasi pemutemo weWED, kutyora mutemo nemaune imhosva, uye sarudzo dzemutongo dzinosanganisira kusungwa, faindi dzakakura dzakatarwa zvichienderana nechikamu chezvirango, kutorwa kwemubhadharo wakawanikwa, uye mamwe matanho akadai sekuisa bhizinesi pasi pehutungamiriri, kuraira kuvharwa kwaro zvachose kana chikamu charo, kana kurinyima rubatsiro kana kodzero. Mhosva dzinogona kuburitswa. Nekuti huwandu nezvikamu zvinogadziriswa nguva nenguva, chirevo chakavimbika hachisi nhamba asi kuratidzwa: kutyora mitemo kunotongwa semhosva huru yezvehupfumi, kwete sechikumbiro chekutonga.
Vanhu vanofumurwa pamwe chete nekambani. Pasi pechikamu 51 cheWetboek van Strafrecht, mhosva yakaitwa nemunhu wepamutemo inogonawo kupomerwa avo vakarayira kana kuti vakaibvumira nemaune. Mutungamiriri akakunda kuramba kurambidzwa kwekutevedzera mutemo, maneja wekutengesa akabvuma chirevo chemushandisi wekupedzisira, kana mukuru wezvemari akagadzirisa muripo mushure mekunge kukuvadzwa kwaratidzwa, vese vanogona kupomerwa mhosva. Nyaya dzekuzvizivisa pano: kuburitsa pachena kwekuzvidira, kugadzirisa nekukurumidza uye kushandira pamwe zvinotariswa nebazi rezvekupomera mhosva, uye nzira yakanyorwa yesarudzo ndiyo inoita kuti kuburitsa pachena kwakadaro kuve kwechokwadi.
Migumisiro yekutengeserana inowanzo svika nekukurumidza kupfuura yepamutemo. Mabhangi anobvisa njodzi panotanga kuratidzwa, mainishuwarenzi anobvisa mari yekuvhara, vatakuri vanobhuka marara uye vatengi vanoda vimbiso yezvirango vasati vasaina chibvumirano. Mitemo yeEU inorambidzawo mapato akanyoreswa kuti asauye nezvikumbiro zvine chekuita nezvibvumirano zvakakanganiswa nezvirango, saka makambani haagone kukuendesa kumatare nekuda kwekuita kwawakabvisa zviri pamutemo, asi dziviriro iyoyo inobva pakuti chikwereti chacho chave pamutemo pakutanga.
Matanho eUnited States anofanirwa kunyorwa nokungwarira, nekuti zano rinowanzo shandiswa rekungotevedzera mutemo wakaomarara harina kunaka panyaya yemutemo weEU. Zvirango zvekutanga zveUS zvinokusunga kana kutengeserana kwacho kwabata vanhu vekuUS, zvinhu zvinobva kuUS kana tekinoroji, kana hurongwa hwemari hweUS, uye kubhadhara mari yakakwana kuita izvozvo. Zvirango zvechipiri zveUS zvinogona kuranga kambani isiri yeUS nekuda kwemaitiro ari kunze kweUS. Asi kune matanho akatsanangurwa eUS ane chekuita neIran neCuba, EU Blocking Regulation inorambidza vashandi veEU kutevedzera uye kuita kuti kutonga kwekunze kushande, kunze kwekunge European Commission yabvumidza kutevedzera mitemo. Kambani yeDutch inotarisana nedambudziko iroro inoda mazano pamusoro pehurumende dzese dziri mbiri pamwe chete, kwete mutemo wekutevera chero mutemo wakaoma.
Kuvaka chirongwa chekutevedzera zvirango chinoenderera mberi
Vakuru vezvemitemo havatarisiri kuti kambani yeDutch SME iite basa rekutevera mitemo yebhangi. Vanotarisira kuti chirongwa chinoenderana nenjodzi inotakurwa nebhizinesi, uye vanotarisira kuti inyorwe. Saka pokutangira iongororo yakanyorwa yengozi inoratidza pachena kuti zvinhu zviri kutengeswa sei: ndedzipi nyika dzine zvinhu nemari, ndedzipi mhando dzezvigadzirwa dzinogona kushandiswa kaviri, ndedzipi nyika dziri pasi pemaumbirwo asingaonekwe, ndedzipi mari nemabhanga anoshandiswa, uye ndedzipi nzira dzekutakura dzinopfuura nemumatunhu anozivikanwa nekutumirazve zvinhu kunze kwenyika.
Kubva muongororo iyoyo zvinoyerera zvinodzora. Kuongorora kunofanirwa kufukidza mapato akaonekwa muongororo yengozi uye kuenderera mberi nehurongwa hwakatarwa pamusoro apa, negwaro rakanyorwa rekurova uye munhu akasarudzwa, padanho rebhodhi, ane sarudzo yacho. Zvibvumirano zvinoda zvikamu zvezvirango zvinoshanda chaizvo: vimbiso yekuti hapana mumwe wevaridzi kana varidzi vayo vakanyorwa, chisungo chinoramba chichienderera mberi chekuburitsa shanduko mukuva muridzi nekutonga, basa rekupedzisira rekushandisa nekutumirazve kunze kwenyika, kodzero yekuongorora neruzivo, uye kodzero yekumisa nekugumisa nekukurumidza pasina mhosva kana paine chinzvimbo. Chikamu chinongotaura kuti mapato achatevedzera mutemo unoshanda hachina zvachinobatsira.
Kudzidziswa ndekwevanhu vanotanga kuona zviratidzo, zvinoreva kutengesa, logistics, kutenga uye mari kwete dhipatimendi rezvemitemo chete. Kudzidziswa uku kunofanira kunge kwakajeka: kuti mushandisi wekupedzisira asingafungidzike akaita sei, nei shanduko yekutumira kero ichikosha, zvekuita nemirairo yekubhadhara kubva kunyika isingatarisirwi, uye kuti ndiani wekufonera. Wedzera nzira yekuwedzera mari isingafambi nemunhu ane chibvumirano chiri panjodzi, uye rekodhi yekuti ndiani akadzidziswa uye riini.
Chekupedzisira, chengeta humbowo. Chirongwa chekutevedzera mitemo chinotongwa mushure mekunge chokwadi chaitika, chiri mufaira. Kuongorora magwaro, kucheneswa kwezvibodzwa zvine zvikonzero, machati ekuva muridzi ane mazuva ekusimbisa, marezenisi, zvirevo zvevashandisi uye maminetsi ebhodhi achinyora zvisarudzo zvakatorwa ndizvo zvinoshandura chikanganiso chakanaka kuita chinodzivirira. Edza system nguva nenguva nekuongorora kwemukati kudiki kana muenzaniso wekutengeserana kwakateverwa kubva kumagumo kusvika kumagumo, uye nyora zvawakawana nezvawakachinja.
Mibvunzo inowanzo bvunzwa maererano nekutevedzera zvirango
Chii chinoitika kana mumwe wevatinoshanda navo mubhizinesi akanyorwa mushure mekunge tasaina chibvumirano?
Unofanira kumisa zvese zvinorambidzwa nekukasika, pazuva rekuburitswa kwenhau, uye kumisa chero mari kana zviwanikwa zvehupfumi zvemubatsiri wako waunaye. Kubhadhara, kutumirwa uye masevhisi zvinomira; chibvumirano hachipfuure mutemo. Tarisa mutemo kana paine kuderedzwa kwemitengo, uko dzimwe nguva kunobvumira nguva shoma kuti ipere zvakanaka, uye cherechedza kuti chero nguva yakadaro inguva yakaoma uye ingangoda rezenisi kubva kubazi rine hunyanzvi. Taura nezvezvinhu zvakachengetwa kubazi rine hunyanzvi, tora mazano enzira yekugumisa chibvumirano chako, uye nyora nhanho yega yega. Kuedza kugadzirisa patsva kurongwa kwacho imhosva yekutyora mutemo.
Tingaita here nekambani isina kunyorwa pasi asi iri yebato rakanyorwa pasi?
Kwete, kana bvunzo yekuva muridzi kana yekudzora ikazadzikiswa. Sangano rinoonekwa serakanyoreswa apo mapato akanyorwa ane 50 muzana kana kupfuura, zvakananga kana zvisina kunanga, vachiverenga zvinhu zvavo pamwe chete, kana apo bato rakanyorwa rinoridzora kuburikidza nekodzero dzekugadzwa kwebhodhi, chibvumirano chevane masheya, simba guru kana gadziriro dzakafanana. Muchiitiko ichocho mari yesangano nezviwanikwa zvehupfumi zvinomiswa uye haugone kupa chero chinhu kwavari. Cheki yezita inodzoka yakachena saka ingori danho rekutanga; chati yekuva muridzi ndiyo gwaro rinosarudza.
Zvinhu zvekubatsira vanhu zvakaita sechikafu nemishonga hazvibhadharwi here?
Kwete otomatiki. Mitemo yezvirango ine nzira dzekubatsira vanhu, asi dzakamanikana uye dzine zvigaro kwete kuregeredzwa zvachose. Zvinhu zvinogona kubvumidzwa nepo kutengeserana kwacho kwese kusiri, nekuti bhangi rakasarudzwa rinobata muripo, mutakuri akasarudzwa anotamisa mutoro, kana kuti munhu anotumira zvinhu ari webato rakanyorwa. Mitemo yakati wandei inoda rezenisi yekutanga kubva kuhurumende ine hunyanzvi hwezvinhu zvekubatsira vanhu, uye mamiriro erezinesi anokusunga. Chinobatanidza chega chega muketani, kubva kubhangi neinishuwarenzi kusvika kunhare yekutumira zvinhu nemugamuchiri wekupedzisira, chinofanira kuongororwa.
Tinotevedzera zvirango zveEU here kana kuti zvirango zveUS?
Zvirango zveEU neDutch zvinokusunga zviri pamutemo uye hazvisi zvekusarudzira. Zvirango zveUS hazvisi mutemo weDutch, asi zvinopa mukana wekuona kana paine kutengeserana kunosanganisira madhora ekuAmerica, mabhanga ekuUS sevanopindirana, vanhu vekuUS, kana zvinhu netekinoroji zvinobva kuUS, uye zvirango zvechipiri zveUS zvinogona kusvika padanho risina hukama neUS zvachose. Mhinduro inoshanda ndeyekutarisa hurumende dzese uye kugadzirisa njodzi dzekutengeserana nemaune. Chinodiwa chikuru iEU Blocking Regulation, iyo kune mamwe matanho eUS ane chekuita neIran neCuba inorambidza vashandi veEU kutevedzera pasina mvumo kubva kuEuropean Commission. Kana hurumende mbiri idzi dzichipesana zvechokwadi, gakava iroro rinofanira kugadziriswa nezano pane kusateerera mutemo wakaoma.
Law and More inopa mazano kumakambani ari muNetherlands pamusoro pekuongorora zvirango, kuongorora muridzi nekudzora, marezenisi ekutumira kunze kwenyika, kumisa uye kushuma zvisungo, zvibvumirano zvechibvumirano uye kuferefeta kwemukati, uye inovamiririra mukubata neCustoms, FIOD nevatungamiriri vekutarisira. Kana uine mumwe wausingazive nezvake, kutumira zvinhu kwakamboitwa, kana chirongwa chekutevedzera mitemo chisina kumboedzwa, yedu magweta ekutevedzera mitemo Varipo kuti vazviongorore nemi.
