Zvirango matanho anosunga anotorwa neUnited Nations Security Council kana Council of the European Union kuti ichinje maitiro enyika, sangano kana munhu. MuNetherlands, mitemo yezvirango zveEU inoshanda zvakananga, pasina mutemo unoshanda, uye Sanctiewet 1977 inopa hurongwa hwenyika hwekutarisira nekusimbisa mutemo. Kuzvityora imhosva yehupfumi, uye mutoro haubvi pakuziva kuti mumwe wevanotsigira akanyorwa.
Kune bhizinesi reDutch, kutevedzera zvirango muNetherlands hakuwanzovi mubvunzo wezvemitemo yekunze. Zviri pakuti mutengi, mutengesi, zvinhu zvakatumirwa kana muripo abatwa here, ndiani anosarudza, uye chii chinofanira kuitwa kana pakaonekwa chinhu chakafanana. Gwaro iri rinotsanangura mamiriro emutemo, zvirambidzo zviviri zvinobata makambani mazhinji, mamiriro ekutarisira eDutch uye matanho anoshanda anodiwa nekutevedzera zvirango muNetherlands.
Kwakabva mitemo
Matanho matatu anoshanda panguva imwe chete, uye kuavhiringidza ndiko kunonyanya kukonzera kukanganisa.
Padanho repasi rose, Dare rekuchengetedza reUN rinotora matanho asiri ehondo pasi peChikamu 41 cheCharter yeUN. Izvi zvinosunga nyika dziri nhengo asi hazviite kuti kambani yeDutch iite zvisungo; zvinofanirwa kuunzwa mumutemo weEU kana wenyika kutanga.
Padanho reEU, zvirango zvinotanga sechisarudzo cheDare pasi pemutemo wezvekunze nekuchengetedzwa kwenyika, zvinotorwa nevose. Chisarudzo ichocho chinosunga nyika dziri nhengo asi hachishandi zvakananga kumabhizinesi. Kana matanho aya ari mukati mesimba reMubatanidzwa, uye matanho emari nekutengeserana achishanda, Dare rinotora mutemo pasi peChinyorwa 215 cheChibvumirano cheKushanda kweMubatanidzwa weEuropean Union. Mutemo iwoyo unoshanda zvakananga munyika dzese dziri nhengo, kusanganisira Netherlands, uye ndicho chinhu chinofanira kuverengwa nechikwata chenyu chekutevedzera mitemo. Matanho ari kunze kwesimba reMubatanidzwa, kunyanya zvirambidzo zvezvombo uye zvirambidzo zvekupinda, anoitiswa nenyika dziri nhengo pachadzo.
Padanho renyika, Sanctiewet 1977 inopa hwaro hwemitemo yekuDutch inoshandiswa (sanctieregelingen), inosarudza masimba ekutarisira uye inobatanidza kutyorwa kwemitemo neWet op de economische delicten. Cherechedza chimiro: Netherlands haigadzirise Sanctiewet 1977 pese panogamuchira package. Mutemo weEU unoshanda nesimba rayo, uye zviga zveDutch zvine chekuita nekutarisira, matanho enyika uye kusimbiswa kwemitemo.
Mitemo yeEU uye zvisarudzo zveEU zvichienzaniswa
| mamiriro | Mutemo weDare (Chinyorwa 215 TFEU) | Sarudzo yeCFSP (Chinyorwa 29 TEU) |
|---|---|---|
| Mhedzisiro yepamutemo | Inoshanda zvakananga kumabhizinesi nevanhu vari muNetherlands | Chisungo chenyika dziri nhengo; hachishandi zvakananga kumabhizinesi |
| Typical content | Kumiswa kwemidziyo, zvirambidzo zvemari, kurambidzwa kwekutumira nekuburitsa zvinhu kunze kwenyika, kurambidzwa kwebasa | Chisarudzo chezvematongerwo enyika, pamwe chete nemirango yezvombo uye kurambidzwa kupinda munyika |
| Kuitwa kwenyika | Hapana chinodiwa; mutemo weDutch unongobata nekutarisa nekusimbisa mutemo chete | Zvinodiwa kune zvinhu zviri kunze kwehunyanzvi hweMubatanidzwa |
Ndosaka matanho emari achitanga kushanda panguva iyo mutemo wacho unoburitswa muOfficial Journal, nepo kurambidzwa kwezvombo kana kurambidzwa kwevhiza zvichitsamira pahurongwa hwenyika.
Mhando huru dzekuyera
Zvirango zvemari zvinomisa mari nezviwanikwa zvehupfumi zvevanhu vakasarudzwa nemasangano, uye zvinorambidza chero munhu kuti awane mari kana zviwanikwa zvehupfumi kwavari. Mazita anoonekwa pane rondedzero yakabatanidzwa yeEU yevanhu, mapoka nemasangano ari pasi pezvirango zvemari, iyo inochengetwa neEuropean Commission uye inovandudzwa kakawanda, dzimwe nguva kakawanda pavhiki.
Matanho ekutengeserana anorambidza kutumira kunze kwenyika, kupinza, kutengesa, kupa kana kutamisa zvinhu netekinoroji zvakatarwa, kungave kuripo kana kuti kwete munhu akasarudzwa. Hutongi hweRussia, hwakavakirwa pamutemo wechikamu wakagamuchirwa muna 2014 uye hwakakura zvikuru kubvira muna 2022, ndiwo muenzaniso wakakura kwazvo, unosanganisira simba, zvinhu zvinoshandiswa kaviri, tekinoroji yepamusoro, zvinhu zveumbozha, zvigadzirwa zvesimbi nesimbi, uye madhaimani. Zvirambidzo zvezvombo zvenyika zvinoshanda pamwe chete nazvo, pamwe chete nezvirambidzo pazvicherwa zvehondo.
Kurambidzwa kwebasa ndiro boka rinowanzo furatirwa, nekuti rinobata mabhizinesi asingatumiri chinhu zvachose. Zvichienderana nehurongwa, kupa mabasa ekuverenga, kuongorora, kupa mazano emitero, kupa mazano emutemo, IT, engineering, kuvaka uye manejimendi kumasangano akagadzwa munyika yakatarwa kunogona kurambidzwa zvachose.
Matanho ekufamba nedzechibvumirano anosanganisira kurambidzwa kupinda munzvimbo yeSchengen uye kumiswa kwekutaurirana kwechibvumirano. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha kuvanhu kwete kumakambani ekutengeserana, asi zvinoratidza kuti kunyoreswa kwevanhu kuchaitika sei.
Zvirambidzo zviviri zvinobata makambani mazhinji
Kumiswa kwemari yekutenga zvinhu kunoita zvinhu zviviri zvakasiyana, uye mabhizinesi anowanzo nzwisisa chekutanga chete. Kumisa mari yaakapihwa, uye kunorambidza chero munhu kuti awane mari kana zviwanikwa zvehupfumi kumunhu iyeye, zvakananga kana zvisina kunanga . Chikamu chechipiri ndicho chinoita kuti pave nemhosva, nekuti chinoshanda kune kutengeserana kwakajairika kusina chekuita neakaundi yebhangi: kuendesa zvinhu, kupa sevhisi, kubhadhara invoice, kuburitsa mari yekuchengetedza kana kuwedzera chikwereti.
Uridzi uye kutonga
Izwi iri nenzira isina kunanga rinopihwa zvirimo neDare reEU Best Practices kuti zviitwe nemazvo matanho ekudzora. Pasi peshanduro yakagadziridzwa muna Chikunguru 2024, sangano rinoonekwa seriri remunhu akasarudzwa apo munhu iyeye ane makumi mashanu muzana kana kupfuura ekodzero dzaro dzekuva muridzi kana kuti ane ruzhinji rwezvido, uye zvigaro zvevanhu vakasarudzwa zvinounganidzwa kuti zvisvike pamuganho iwoyo. Pamwe chete, sangano rinogona kubatwa nekuti munhu akasarudzwa anoritonga, izvo zvinogona kubva pasimba rekugadza kana kubvisa manejimendi, kubva pasimba guru rinoshandiswa, kana kubva pakuronga kunosiya muridzi wepamutemo ari pasi pemuganho ukuwo kuita sarudzo chaiko kuri kumwewo.
Murayiridzo uyu unoratidzawo zviratidzo zvinofanira kukonzera kuferefetwa kwakanyanya: migove inotamiswa nguva pfupi isati yasvika kana kuti mushure mekusarudzwa, sarudzo dzekutengazve, nhengo dzemhuri kana vadyidzani venguva refu vachionekwa sevanogovana migove, uye makambani anopfuudzwa kuburikidza nenzvimbo dzisina kujeka. Kuongorora zita remutengi pane runyorwa hakupinduri chero chipi zvacho cheizvi. Kuongorora muridzi kunofanirwa kupfuura nepakati peketani kusvika kune varidzi vanobatsira zvikuru, uye kana zvivakwa zvisina kujeka nzira yakachengeteka ndeyekuramba pane kufunga.
Cherechedza kuti bvunzo iyi ye50% haina kufanana ne25% inoshandiswa kuona varidzi vekupedzisira vanobatsira pasi pemutemo wekurwisa kushambidzwa kwemari. Maitiro maviri aya anopindirana mudata ravanoshandisa asi anopindura mibvunzo yakasiyana, uye kushandisa 50% yekurwisa kushambidzwa kwemari pakuongororwa kwezvirango chikanganiso chinodzokororwa uye chinodhura.
Circumvention
Mutemo wega wega wezvirango zveEU une mutemo unorambidza kutora chikamu, uchiziva uye nemaune, muzviitiko zvine chinangwa kana mhedzisiro yekudzivisa matanho aya. Iyi imhosva yakasununguka. Kugadzirisa kutengeserana kuitira kuti zvinhu zvisvike kumusika wakatarwa kuburikidza nenyika yechitatu, kuisa murevereri kuti avhare mushandisi wekupedzisira, kana kupatsanura muripo kuti ugare pasi pemuganho wekuzivisa kunogona kutyora mutemo uyu kunyangwe danho rega rega, richionekwa roga, ringave riri pamutemo. Kubva muna 2023 hurumende dzakasiyana dzakaisawo musengwa wekuongorora kune vanotumira kunze kwenyika kudzivirira kutumirwazve kwezvinhu zvakanyorwa kuRussia, izvo zvinoisa chikamu chemutoro pachibvumirano.
Ndiani anotarisira uye anosimbisa mutemo muNetherlands
Mutoro wakakamurwa, uye kuziva kuti ndiani ane simba rekutaura naye kunochengetedza nguva yakawanda.
De Nederlandsche Bank neAutoriteit Financiële Markten vanotarisira kutevedzera mutemo weSanctiewet 1977 nemasangano emari mukati memabasa avo. Vanoongorora kana maitiro esangano ekuona hukama nekutengeserana nerunyorwa rwezvirango akakwana, uye vanogona kuisa faindi dzekutonga nemirairo zvichienderana nechirango. Kana sangano rikaona munhu akasarudzwa pakati pehukama hwaro, rinofanira kuzivisa maneja waro nekukurumidza vachishandisa fomu rekuzivisa rakatarwa; DNB neAFM vanopa mishumo iyoyo kuMinistry of Finance.
Dhipatimendi reCustoms, uye mukati maro Centrale Dienst voor In- en Uitvoer, rinosimbisa matanho ekutengeserana pamuganhu uye rinobata marezenisi nemvumo yezvinhu. Bazi rezvekune dzimwe nyika rinotungamira pamitemo yezvirango uye pamitemo yenyika yekushandisa. Kuferefeta mhosva inyaya yeFIOD uye kupomerwa mhosva kweOpenbaar Ministerie, nekuti kutyorwa kweSanctiewet 1977 imhosva yezvehupfumi pasi pemutemo weWet op de economische delicten.
Kune kambani isiri sangano rezvemari hapana mutariri mumwe chete uye hapana kuongororwa nguva nenguva, izvo zvinowanzo nzwisiswa zvisirizvo sekusavapo kwechisungo. Zvinorambidzwa mumitemo yeEU zvinoshanda zvakananga kune wese munhu, uye kusavapo kwemutariri zvinongoreva kuti kutanga kusangana nevane masimba kungangove kuferefeta kwete kushanya kwekutevedzera mitemo.
Zvirango uye mhosva yemhosva
Kutyora mutemo wezvirango imhosva yehupfumi muNetherlands. Inogona kupomerwa mhosva yekusateerera mutemo kana, kana yakaitwa nemaune, semhosva, uye zvirango zviripo zvinosanganisira kusungwa, faindi, kurasikirwa nemari inowanikwa, uye mirairo yekuvharira bhizinesi kana kubvisa kodzero. Matanho emari anotarwa nemapoka emutemo anogadziriswa nguva nenguva, uye kumakambani dare rinogona kubhadharisa faindi yechikamu chepamusoro apo huwandu hwakajairwa husina kukwana; nhamba dzinofanira kugara dzichitariswa zvichienderana nerugwaro rwazvino pane kutarisana nenhamba yakataurwa muchinyorwa. Mari dzekutonga dzakapihwa neDNB kana AFM pamasangano emari dzinoenderana, uye hadzisi imwe nzira yekutsiva mhosva.
Padanho reEU, Directive (EU) 2024/1226 pamusoro petsananguro yemhosva dzemhosva uye zvirango zvekutyora mitemo yeUnion yakaburitswa musi wa29 Kubvumbi 2024 uye yaifanira kuchinjwa nenyika dziri nhengo musi wa20 Chivabvu 2025. Inoda kuti nyika dziri nhengo dziite runyorwa rwezviito zvakatsanangurwa semhosva, kusanganisira kupa mari kune munhu akasarudzwa, kuvanza muridzi wezvinhu zvinobatsira, kutadza kutaura kana paine zvinodiwa pakuzivisa, uye kutyora mitemo yekutengeserana, uye inoisa zvirango zvepamusoro zvinosvika makore mashanu mujeri kune zvikamu zvakakomba. Inoitawo kuti kutyorwa kwezvirango kuve mhosva yekutsvaira mari, izvo zvinokosha nekuti inovhura nzira yechipiri yekupomerwa mhosva uye yekushuma zvisungo pasi pemutemo wekurwisa kutsvaira mari. Nyaya yedu pamusoro pekuchenesa mari uye kutengeserana kusingawanzoitiki pasi pemutemo weDutch inotaura nezvekupindirana ikoko.
Mutoro hausi wekambani chete. Vatungamiriri nevakuru vanogona kupomerwa mhosva ivo pachavo kana vakapa murairo kana, vachiziva nezvemaitiro acho, vakatadza kupindira. Migumisiro yemukurumbira nebhangi inowanzo svika mhedzisiro yepamutemo isati yasvika: bhangi rinoona nezvezvirango rinowanzo misa kubhadhara kutanga robvunza mibvunzo mushure mezvo.
Zvinodiwa pakutevedzera mitemo
Chinhu chikuru chekutevedzera zvirango muNetherlands idiki uye hachina mukurumbira. Ongorora vatengi, vatengesi, vamiririri, vane migove nevashandisi vekupedzisira vachienzanisa nerondedzero yakabatanidzwa yeEU, uye ongororazve portfolio iripo pese painochinja runyorwa pane kungopinda chete, nekuti mazita anotanga kushanda ipapo ipapo uye hukama huripo hunova husiri pamutemo nehusiku humwe. Ongorora muridzi uye kutonga kuburikidza neketani, kwete zita riri pachibvumirano chete. Tarisa kushandiswa kwekupedzisira uye mushandisi wekupedzisira wezvinhu, uye nyora kuti wakazvigadzira sei.
Gadzira chinzvimbo muchibvumirano. Zvirango zvinomiririrwa uye vimbiso, chisungo chekuzivisa shanduko mukuva muridzi, chikamu chekusadzoserwazve kwekutengeserana kune dzimwe nyika dzinoda, uye kodzero yekugumisa kana yekumisa inoshanda isina kutyorwa zvese zvakajairika uye zviri nyore kubvumirana usati wasaina pane mushure mekusarudzwa. Nhungamiro yedu pamusoro pezvibvumirano zvekutengeserana zvepasi rose inovhara kuti zvikamu izvi zvinoshanda sei nezvimwe zvese zviri muchibvumirano.
Kana paine chinhu chakaitika, mira. Usaburitse zvinhu, usabhadhara uye usaudza mumwe munhu kuti uri kuferefeta, sezvo izvozvo zvinogona kubatsira kunzvenga. Tarisa kana zviri zvechokwadi, nyora ongororo, misa zvinhu zvinofanira kuvharirwa, uye zivisa vakuru vane hunyanzvi. Masangano emari anoshuma kumukuru wavo nekukurumidza; mamwe mabhizinesi anofanira kutora zano rekuti ndiani anofanira kutaura naye nezvemutemo uri kutaurwa. Kutanga, bvunza mushure mezvo, hazvina kunaka, nekuti mutemo wekusabhadhara unokurumidza kukuvadza.
Kusunungurwa, kushorwa uye kubviswa pane imwe hofisi
Mitemo yezvirango ine mavharuvhu ayo ekubuda, uye kuishandisa inzira yepamutemo kwete yekutaurirana. Mutemo wega wega unonyora simba renyika rine simba renyika yega yega iri nhengo muchinyorwa, uye chikumbiro chekusateerera chinoenda kusimba rakatumidzwa ipapo reNetherlands. Mvumo dzekutengeserana dzinobatwa neCustoms kuburikidza neCentrale Dienst voor In- en Uitvoer; kusateerera kubva pakumira kwemari kunobatwa nebazi rine mutoro.
Zvikonzero zvinotsanangurwa mumutemo wacho pachawo uye zvakamanikana kupfuura zvinotarisirwa nevakawanda vanonyorera. Zvikamu zvakajairika zvinosanganisira zvinodiwa nemunhu chaiye akasarudzwa, mari yehunyanzvi inonzwisisika, muripo unofanirwa kubhadharwa pasi pechibvumirano chakaitwa chisati chasarudzwa, zvinangwa zverubatsiro uye, mune dzimwe hurumende, kutengeswa kwebhizinesi nebato reUnion. Chikumbiro chinobudirira kana kukundikana pamagwaro: chibvumirano, zuva racho, mari yekubhadhara, mushandisi wekupedzisira uye chikonzero chekuti chikonzero chekusateerera chishande. Kugadziriswa kunotora nguva yakareba sei, uye hapana nguva inogona kuvimbiswa zvine musoro, saka mafomu anofanira kuitwa nekukurumidza sezvinobvumidzwa nechokwadi.
Munhu akasarudzwa kana sangano rinogonawo kupikisa runyorwa pacharwo, nekukumbira Dare kuti riongorore uye, kana izvozvo zvikakundikana, nekuendesa nyaya yekurambidzwa kuDare Guru reEuropean Union mukati menguva yakatarwa. Iyoyo inzira yehunyanzvi, yakasiyana nekuzvidza, uye nguva yekupedzisira yakaoma.
Kwakamuka matambudziko anoramba achiitika
Maketani ekuva muridzi ndiwo anokonzera matambudziko makuru. Mumwe munhu asina kunyorwa pachawo anogona kunge ari muridzi kana kuti achitongwa nemumwe munhu, uye chinyorwa cherejista chepamusoro hachizotauri izvozvo. Kana chimiro chacho chikasagona kugadziriswa, tora kusava nechokwadi sechinhu chakawanikwa pane kusavapo kwechimwe.
Dambudziko rechipiri rinogara richiitika nderekuti zvinhu zviri kuwedzera kuwanda muhurumende pachadzo. Mapakeji ezvirango anowedzera mhando dzezvinhu, anowedzera kurambidzwa kwebasa uye anosimbisa mwero wezvinhu kakawanda pagore, saka chishandiso chekuongorora chakagadzirwa makore maviri apfuura chichave chichiongorora mitemo yezuro. Nyorera kune zvakagadziridzwa uye ongorora magadzirirwo acho, kwete chete zviziviso.
Chechitatu chisungo chinopikisana. Zvirango zveUnited States zvinowanzosvika kure kupfuura matanho eEU, uye chikamu chechibvumirano chinoda kuti mitemo yeUS itevedzerwe chinogona kuisa kambani yeDutch mukutyora Mutemo (EC) 2271/96, mutemo unorambidza EU, unorambidza kutevedzera mamwe matanho akanyorwa kunze kwenyika. Kana hurumende dzese dziri mbiri dzine chekuita nekutengeserana kumwe chete, izvi zvinoda kuongororwa kwemutemo chikamu chisati chasainwa, kwete mushure mekunge muripo warambwa.
Chechina ifungidziro yekuti kutengeserana mukati meboka kwakachengeteka. Hazvisi: kuendeswa kune rimwe boka riri munharaunda yakatarwa, kana sevhisi inopihwa kubva kuNetherlands kuenda kuboka riri ikoko, inoongororwa zvakaenzana nekutengeserana nebato rechitatu.
Kwekutarisa
Manyuko matatu makuru akakodzera kushandiswa zvakananga kwete kuburikidza nepfupiso. Official Journal of the European Union ine rugwaro rwechokwadi rwemutemo wega wega uye shanduko yega yega, uye ndiyo yega shanduro inofanira kutsigirwa pairi zano. European Commission inochengetedza mepu yezvirango zveEU uye runyorwa rwakabatanidzwa rwemazita, pamwe chete nemibvunzo inowanzo bvunzwa pamusoro pehurongwa hwega hwega. De Nederlandsche Bank inoburitsa gwara pamusoro peSanctiewet 1977 yemasangano anotarisirwa, kusanganisira fomu rekuzivisa uye kugoverwa kwemabasa pakati pevane masimba. Kana kutengeserana kwakarongwa kuri muganhu chaiwo, chikumbiro chegwara kana kusaremekedza chinodiwa pane kutonga kwekutengeserana kusina kunyorwa chero kupi zvako.
sei Law & More anogona kubatsira
Tinopa mazano kumabhizinesi ekuDutch nekunze kwenyika pamusoro pekushandiswa kwemutemo weEU neDutch wezvirango pakutengeserana kwakatarwa, pakuongorora muridzi nekudzora, pakunyora zvirango muzvibvumirano zvekutengeserana, pakukumbira kusabvumidzwa kwemutemo nemarezinesi, uye pakudzivirira kana paine kuferefeta kwakavhurwa. Kana waona kuti pane mukana wekuenderana, kana kuti bhangi rakamisa kubhadhara, taura nesu usati wapindura. Magwaro edu emutemo wemakambani anofukidza hurongwa hwakakura hwekutevedzera mitemo umo zvirango zviri.
