Kuzivikanwa uye Kusimbiswa kweMubairo weArbitral Wakabviswa muNetherlands

Chinyorwa chino chinotaura nezvemibairo yedare pasi peNew York Convention. Kuti uwane mitongo yedare, ona chinyorwa chedu pamusoro pekuzivikanwa uye kusimbiswa kwemitongo yekunze muNetherlands.

Kuzivikanwa uye kusimbiswa kwemutongo wedare repamusoro wakabviswa

Muzvibvumirano zvakawanda zvekutengeserana kwenyika nedzepasi rose, vanowanzo ronga nyaya yekugadza gakava rebhizinesi. Izvi zvinoreva kuti nyaya yacho ichapihwa kumutongi wedare renyika. Kuti nyaya yekugadza gakava ipedzwe, mutongi wenyika yaakagadza anofanira kupa gwaro rekugadzirisa gakava. Gwaro rekugadzirisa gakava rinoreva kucherechedzwa kwegwaro rekugadza gakava uye rakaenzana nekutonga kwepamutemo kunogona kusimbiswa kana kuitwa.

Mitemo yekuzivikanwa nekutevedzwa kwemutongo wekunze inodzorwa muNew York Convention. Kokorodzano iyi yakagamuchirwa neUnited Nations diplomatic conference musi wa10 Chikumi 1958 muNew York. Chibvumirano ichi chakanyanya kupedzwa kutonga nekufambisa nzira yekucherechedzwa uye kutevedzwa kwemutongo wemutemo wekunze pakati penyika dzechibvumirano.

Parizvino, New York Convention ine mapato ehurumende zana nemakumi mashanu nemapfumbamwe.

Kungwara pasi pechinyorwa v(1) chemusangano weNew York

Kana zvasvika pakuzivikanwa nekusimbiswa kwemutemo zvichibva pachikamu V (1) cheNew York Convention, mutongi anobvumirwa kuva nesimba rekusarudza mune dzimwe nyaya dzinoshamisa. Muchokwadi, mutongi haabvumidzwe kuongorora kana kuongorora zviri mukutongwa kwemutemo mune dzimwe nyaya dzine chekuita nekuzivikanwa nekusimbiswa kwemutemo. Zvisinei, pane zvimwe zvisingabatanidzwi maererano nezviratidzo zvakakomba zvekukanganisa kwakakosha pakutongwa kwemutemo, saka hazvigone kuonekwa sekutongwa kwakarurama.

Imwe nzira yekusapindirana nemutemo uyu inoshanda kana zvichikwanisika kuti kana kutongwa kwakarurama, zvaizoitawo kuti mutongo wedare repamusoro ubviswe. Nyaya inotevera inokosha yeDare Repamusoro inoratidza kuti mutongo uyu unogona kushandiswa sei mumabasa ezuva nezuva. Mubvunzo mukuru ndewekuti mutongo wedare repamusoro wakambomiswa nedare reRussia, uchiri kukwanisa here kupasa nzira yekuzivikanwa nekusimbiswa kwemutemo muNetherlands.

Mhosva iyi ndeye sangano repamutemo rekuRussia rinogadzira simbi pasi rose rinonzi OJSC Novolipetsky Metallurgichesky Kombinat (NLMK). Mugadziri wesimbi ndiye mushandirwi mukuru wedunhu reRussia reLipetsk. Zvizhinji zvezvikamu zvekambani ndezvamuzvinabhizinesi wekuRussia VS Lisin. Lisin ndiyewo muridzi wezviteshi zvekutakura zvinhu paSt. Petersburg neTuapse.

Lisin ane chigaro chepamusoro kukambani yehurumende yeRussia United Shipbuilding Corporation uye anewo zvaanofarira mukambani yehurumende yeRussia Freight One, inova kambani yechitima. Zvichienderana neChibvumirano cheKutenga, icho chinosanganisira kutongwa kweArbitration, mapato ese akabvumirana kutenga nekutengesa zvikamu zveNLMK zveLisin kuNLMK.

Mushure mekupokana uye kunonoka kubhadhara kwemutengo wekutenga pachinzvimbo cheNLKM, Lisin anofunga kuunza nyaya yacho pamberi peInternational Commercial Arbitration Court paChamber of Commerce and Industry yeRussian Federation uye anoda kubhadharwa kwemutengo wekutenga masheya, izvo zvinoenderana. kwaari, mabhiriyoni 14,7 rubles. NLMK inotaura mukuzvidzivirira kwayo kuti Lisin akatowana mubhadharo wepamberi izvo zvinoreva kuti huwandu hwemutengo wekutenga hwachinja kuita 5,9 bhiriyoni rubles.

Kurume 2011 nzira yekupara mhosva yakatanga kupokana naLisin nekufungidzirwa kwekunyepedzera sechikamu chekutengeserana kwekugoverana neNLMK uyezve nezve fungidziro yekushatisa dare reArbitration pamhosva inopomerwa NLMK. Zvisinei, zvichemo zvacho hazvina kutungamira mukupomera mhosva.

Dare reArbitration, uko nyaya iri pakati peLisin neNLMK yakaunzwa, yakatongera NLMK kubhadhara mutengo wakasara we8,9 rubles uye yakaramba zvirevo zvemapato ese ari maviri. Mutengo wekutenga unozoverengerwa zvichibva pahafu yemutengo wekutenga naLisin (22,1 bhiriyoni rubles) uye kukosha kwakaverengerwa neNLMK (1,4 bhiriyoni rubles). Nezvemubhadharo wepamusoro dare rakatongera NLMK kubhadhara 8,9 bhiriyoni rubles.

Kukwidza nyaya pamusoro pemutongo wedare reArbitration hakugoneki uye NLMK yakati, zvichibva pakufungirwa kwehutsotsi kwakaitwa naLisin, kuti mutongo wearbitration wakadzimwa nedare reArbitrazh reguta reMoscow. Chikumbiro ichocho chakapihwa uye mutongo wearbitration wakabviswa.

Lisin haazozvimirire uye anoda kutevera hurongwa hwekuchengetedza pazvikamu zvakabatwa neNLMK muguta rayo reNLMK international BV mu. AmsterdamKubviswa kwemutongo uyu kwakaita kuti zvisakwanisike kutevera gwaro rekuchengetedza muRussia. Saka, Lisin akumbira kuti mutongo wedare rekutonga uzivikanwe uye usimbiswe. Chikumbiro chake chakarambwa.

Zvichibva pamusangano weNew York zvakajairika kuti vane masimba vane hunyanzvi venyika ine hurongwa hwekutonga hwakavakirwa pa (munyaya iyi matare eRussia) vasarudze mukati memutemo wenyika , pamusoro pekubviswa kwezvibvumirano zvekugadzirisa nyaya. Pamutemo, dare rezvemitemo haribvumidzwe kuongorora mibairo iyi yekugadzirisa nyaya. Dare reInterlocutory Proceedings rinoona kuti mubairo wekugadzirisa nyaya haugone kuitwa, nekuti hausisipo.

Lisin akamhan’ara achipikisa mutongo uyu pa Amsterdam Dare Repamusoro. Dare rinoona kuti muchokwadi, mutongo wekugadzirisa nyaya wakabviswa hauwanzo tariswa kuti ubvumidzwe uye utevedzerwe kunze kwekunge iri nyaya yakasarudzika. Pane nyaya yakasarudzika kana paine zviratidzo zvakasimba zvekuti mutongo wematare eRussia hauna zvikanganiso zvakakosha, saka izvi hazvigone kutorwa sekutongwa kwakarurama. Amsterdam Dare Repamusorosoro haritarisi nyaya iyi seyakasiyana.

Lisin akakwidza nyaya iyi mumatare edzimhosva achipikisa mutongo uyu. Sekureva kwaLisin, dare rakatadzawo kunzwisisa simba rekusarudza rakapihwa dare zvichibva pachikamu V(1)(e) chinoongorora kana mutongo wekunze wekubvisa mhosva unogona kukanganisa maitiro ekusimbisa mutongo wekugadzwa kwedare muNetherlands. Dare Repamusorosoro rakaenzanisa shanduro chaiyo yeChirungu neFrench yerugwaro rweConvention. Shanduro dzese dziri mbiri dzinoita sedzine dudziro yakasiyana maererano nesimba rekusarudza rakapihwa dare. Shanduro yeChirungu yechikamu V(1)(e) inotaura zvinotevera:

1. Kucherechedzwa nekusimbisa mubairo kunogona kuramba, pachikumbiro chebato riri kupikiswa naro, chete kana iro bato rinopa kune anokwanisa masimba uko kuchizivikanwa nekumisikidzwa, chiratidzo chekuti:

(...)

1. e) Mubairo uyu hausati wava musungo kune mapato acho, kana kuti wakabviswa padivi kana kuti wakamiswa nechiremera chine hunyanzvi chenyika yakaitwa mubairo iwoyo, kana pasi pemutemo wayo.

Shanduro yeFrench yechinyorwa V (1) (e) inotaura zvinotevera:

“1. La reconnaissance et l'exécution de la sentence ne seront refusées , sur requête de la partie contre laquelle elle est invoquée, que si cette partie fournit à l'autorité compétente du pays où la reconnaissance et lacunt souveex:

(...)

1. e) Que la sentence nest pas encore devenue oblatoire pour les parties ou a été annulée ou suspendue par une autorité compétente du pays dans lequel, ou d'après la loi duquel, the sentence a été rendue. ”

Simba rekusarudza reshanduro yeChirungu ('ingarambwa') rinoita serakakura kupfuura shanduro yeFrench ('ne seront refusées que si'). Dare Repamusorosoro rakawana tsananguro dzakasiyana-siyana mune zvimwe zviwanikwa nezvekushandiswa kwakarurama kwesungano iyi.

Dare Repamusorosoro rinoedza kujekesa dudziro dzakasiyana nekuwedzera dudziro dzaro. Izvi zvinoreva kuti simba rekusarudza rinogona kushandiswa chete kana paine chikonzero chekuramba maererano neChibvumirano. Munyaya iyi yaive pamusoro pechikonzero chekuramba zvinoreva 'kurambwa kwemutongo wedare repamusoro'. Zviri kuna Lisin kuratidza zvichibva pane chokwadi nemamiriro ezvinhu kuti chikonzero chekuramba hachina hwaro.

Dare Repamusorosoro rinobvumirana zvizere nemaonero eDare Repamusorosoro. Panogona kuva nenyaya yakakosha chete zvichienderana neDare Repamusorosoro kana kubviswa kwemutongo wekugadzirisa nyaya kwakavakirwa pazvikonzero zvisingaenderane nezvikonzero zvekuramba zviri muchikamu V (1). Kunyangwe dare reDutch rakapihwa simba rekusarudza kana nyaya yacho ikazivikanwa uye ikashandiswa, harishande pamutongo wekubvisa nyaya munyaya iyi. Kuramba kwakaitwa naLisin hakuna mukana wekubudirira.

Mutongo uyu weDare Repamusorosoro unopa dudziro yakajeka yekuti chikamu V (1) chegungano reNew York chinofanira kududzirwa sei kana paine simba rekusarudza rakapihwa dare panguva yekuzivikanwa uye kusimbiswa kwemutongo wedare wakabviswa. Izvi zvinoreva, muchidimbu, kuti mune dzimwe nyaya chete mutongo wekubvisa mhosva unogona kubviswa.