Real Estate Law
Real Estate Law
Ruzivo rwemutemo wezvivakwa kune varidzi, varidzi vedzimba, uye vanoisa mari
tsananguro
Kune vanhu vazhinji vega, dzimba ndiyo mari yakawanda kwazvo yavanoisa muhupenyu hwavo, nepo kune vanoisa mari nevanogadzira dzimba iri nzvimbo yakaoma yekodzero dzepfuma, zvirambidzo zvemutemo weveruzhinji, uye zvisungo zvechibvumirano. Kukanganisa panguva yekuongorora kwakakodzera, chikamu chisina kujeka muchibvumirano chekutenga, kana dziviriro yemurendi isingatariswe zvinogona kutungamira kumakore ematare uye kurasikirwa kukuru kwemari.
Law & More inotungamira vatengi vekuDutch nevekunze kwenyika kuburikidza nekutengeserana kwezvivakwa, mutemo wekurenda, mutemo wekuva muridzi wemafurati, uye gakava rezvivakwa. Magweta edu mu Eindhoven uye Amsterdam kuziva mutemo wepfuma wekuDutch kubva kuLand Registry (Kadaster) kusvika kudare redzimhosva, uye tinotsigirawo vanoisa mari vekune dzimwe nyika kutenga dzimba muNetherlands.
Mutemo wezvivakwa wekuDutch wakavakirwa pakodzero dzezvivakwa dzakanyorwa muBhuku 5 reDutch Civil Code. Kuti uwane dudziro yepamutemo yezviri mumutemo uyu muChirungu, ona Dutch Civil Code, Bhuku 5 (kodzero dzepfuma)Kunzwisisa zvakajeka mitemo iyi yezvivakwa kunodzivirira varidzi, varidzi vedzimba, uye vanoisa mari zvakafanana.
Unoda Nyanzvi Zano?
Nyanzvi dzedu dzemutemo wezvivakwa dzakagadzirira kubatsira. Wana mazano emutemo akagadzirirwa iwe pachako nhasi.
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Zvinyorwa zveMutemo weZvivakwa
Varidzi vemba vazhinji vanosangana nemubvunzo mumwe chete. Mari yekubhadhara rendi iri kuderera nepo mari yekugadzirisa,
1. Nhanganyaya Kutamiswa kwetambo nemapaipi muNetherlands kwakaoma zviri pamutemo
Vanhu vazhinji vanorota kuva nechikamu chidiki cheparadhiso—imba yezororo kwavanogona
Zvatinoita
Kuongororwa kwemitengo yekutenga zvivakwa
Zvibvumirano zvekutenga (NVM necustom) uye magwaro ekutumira
Mutemo wekurenda (zvekugara uye zvekutengeserana)
Zvibvumirano zvekuvaka nekugadzira mapurojekiti
Mutemo wekuva muridzi wefurati uye gakava reVvE
Kodzero dzekubhadhara rendi yevhu, kodzero dzekuvaka uye magwaro ekubhadhara
Mutemo wekubhadhara dzimba nedzimba
Makakatanwa ezvivakwa uye matanho ekudzingwa mudzimba
Nei Sarudza Law & More
Miririra varidzi vemba nevagari vemo
Ruzivo muzvivakwa zvemabhizinesi nedzimba dzekugara
Matanho ekudzinga vanhu nekukurumidza kana zvichidikanwa
Kunyatsoongorora kutenga zvivakwa
Basa remitauro yakawanda kune vanoisa mari kune dzimwe nyika
Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa - Mutemo weZvivakwa
Mibvunzo inowanzo bvunzwa nezvemutemo wezvivakwa, inopindurwa nenyanzvi dzedu.
Kuongorora zvakadzama nezvezvivakwa kunosanganisira: Tsvagiridzo yeLand Registry (muridzi, mortgages, attachments), kutarisa hurongwa hwenzvimbo, mamiriro echivakwa uye nhoroondo yemvumo, zvitupa zvekusvibiswa kwevhu, magwaro eVvE (emafurati), zvibvumirano zvekurenda nemari yebasa, uye mishumo yezvakatipoteredza neasbestos. Kune dzimba dzekutengeserana, mari yekurenda, njodzi dzekushaikwa kwenzvimbo, uye kukosha kwemusika zvakakoshawo. Law & More inoronga maitiro ese ekuongorora zvinodiwa.
Kana mutengi akatenga imba, mutemo unopa nguva yekudzikamisa imba kwemazuva matatu mushure mekugamuchira chibvumirano chekutenga chakasainwa. Munguva iyi mutengi anogona kubvisa kubva pakutenga asina kupa chikonzero uye asina muripo. Nguva yekudzikamisa imba inofanira kusanganisira mazuva maviri ebhizinesi. Kana yapera, chibvumirano chinova chinosunga, zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu akabvumiranwa.
Vagari venzvimbo dzekugara vanodzivirirwa zvakanyanya kubva pakugumiswa kweimba. Muridzi wemba anogona kungogumisa imba yacho nezvikonzero zvepamutemo, zvakaita sekushandiswa kwemunhu nekukurumidza, uye anofanira kutevedzera nguva chaiyo yekuzivisa. Kana muridzi wemba asingabvumirani nekugumiswa kweimba, imba yacho inoramba iripo kusvika dare ratonga. Nzvimbo yacho inosiyana zvichienderana nenzvimbo yekutengeserana, zvichienderana nerudzi rwayo.
Chivako chinokamurwa kuita kodzero dzemafurati negwaro remutemo rechikamu chezvibvumirano, iro rakanyoreswa muLand Registry. Gwaro iri rinotsanangura zvikamu zvepachivande nezvikamu zvakajairika uye rine mitemo yechikamu. Pachikamu, Sangano reVaridzi veDzimba (VvE) rinoumbwa nekushanda kwemutemo, uyo muridzi wega wega wefurati ari nhengo.
Kana pfuma yatumirwa isina hunhu hwaitarisirwa nemutengi, pane kusatevedzera mutemo. Mutengi anofanira kuudza mutengesi nezvedambudziko racho mukati menguva yakakodzera. Zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu, mutengi anogona kukumbira kugadziriswa, kuderedzwa kwemutengo, muripo, kana kubviswa kwechibvumirano. Kuti mutengesi ane mhosva here zvinoenderana nezvikamu zvakabvumiranwa uye basa remutengi rekuferefeta.
Chibvumirano chekutenga chinonyora gadziriro pakati pemutengi nemutengesi uye chinosunga kana mapato ese ari maviri asaina (zvichienderana nenguva yekudzikamisa zvinhu uye chero mamiriro ezvinhu akamboitika). Zvisinei, muridzi weimba anongopfuura nepagwaro rekunyora, iro rinonyorwa nemunyoreri uye rozonyoreswa mumarejista eruzhinji eLand Registry. Kazhinji panowanzova nemavhiki akati wandei kusvika kumwedzi pakati pekutenga nekutamisa zvinhu.
Ichi chikamu chiri muchibvumirano chekutenga chinobvumira mutengi kubvisa kutenga mahara kana asingakwanise kuronga mortgage mukati menguva yakabvumiranwa. Mutengi anofanira kunyora pasi chibvumirano ichi nenguva uye nekunyora, kazhinji achiramba kamwe chete kana kupfuura kubva kumukweretesi. Kana nguva yekupedzisira ikapfuura, dziviriro inodarika uye chirango che10% chinogona kubhadharwa.
Pamusoro pemutengo wekutenga, mutengi anowanzo kubhadhara mutero wekutamisa (kana VAT yezvivakwa zvitsva), muripo wenotari wegwaro rekutamisa uye gwaro rechikwereti chemortgage, pamwe nemari yekunyoresa muLand Registry. Komisheni yemumiriri wezvivakwa inowanzo kubhadharwa nebato rinobata mumiriri. Kugoverwa chaiko kwakanyorwa muchibvumirano chekutenga.
Vagari venzvimbo dzekugara vanowana dziviriro yakakura kubva kumutemo, kusanganisira dziviriro kubva pakugumiswa kwemari uye kubva pakuwedzerwa kwerendi. Kune nzvimbo dzekutengeserana, mutemo unosiyanisa pakati pe "nzvimbo dzebhizinesi rekutengesa" (dzakadai sezvitoro nekugamuchira vaenzi, dzine mitemo yadzo yakatarwa uye yekugumiswa kwemari) uye "dzimwe nzvimbo dzebhizinesi" (dzakadai semahofisi, dzisina dziviriro yakawanda). Hurongwa hunoshanda hunosarudza zvakanyanya chinzvimbo chebato rega rega.
Kwete. Kune nzvimbo dzekugara dzinodzorwa nemutemo, mitemo yepamusoro inoshanda pakuwedzerwa kwerendi pagore, kwakatemwa nehurumende. Mumakambani akazvimirira, mapato ane rusununguko rwakawanda, asi zvisungo zvechibvumirano uye, mumakore achangopfuura, zvisungo zvemutemo zvinowanzo shanda. Mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu muroja anogona kuongororwazve neDare reRent Tribunal kana dare.
Chibvumirano chepasi (easement) muripo wepfuma imwe (nyika inoshandira) kuti ibatsire imwe (nyika inotonga), semuenzaniso kodzero yekupinda. Chibvumirano chinobva pakunyora gwaro remutemo uye kunyoresa muLand Registry, kana nekunyora gwaro remutemo. Zviri mukati maro uye huwandu hwaro zvinotevera zvakanyanya kubva pagwaro remutemo rekusika.
Zvisarudzo zveSangano reVaridzi veDzimba, mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, zvinogona kubviswa kana kusashanda, semuenzaniso kana zvichipesana negwaro rekupatsanura, mitemo, kana mwero wekunzwisisa uye kururamisira. Muridzi anogona kukumbira dare redunhu kuti ribvise chisarudzo mukati menguva pfupi yemutemo. Nyaya dzinogonawo kutangwa pamusoro pekuchengetedza kwakanonoka kana manejimendi ye reserve fund.
Chibvumirano chekugara chinopa kodzero yekushandisa nekunakidzwa nevhu remumwe munhu uchitsiva rendi yepasi (canon). Kodzero yekuvaka, zvakasiyana, inopa kodzero yekuva nezvivakwa, mabasa, kana kudyara mumunda wemumwe munhu, pamusoro, kana pamusoro pevhu remumwe munhu, zvakasiyana nekuva muridzi wevhu pacharo. Dzese idzi ikodzero dzepfuma dzakazvimirira, dzakagadzirwa negwaro rekusimbisa, dzinogona kupfuudzwa kana kudziviswa.
Muridzi wemba haafanirwe kudzinga muroja ega; kutonga kwedare kunodiwa. Nyaya dzinowanzo tanga netsamba yekudaidza imba ichikumbira kubviswa kwechikwereti uye kudzingwa, semuenzaniso nekuda kwemari yerendi yasara. Kana dare rikabvuma chikumbiro, kudzingwa kunogona kuitwa nerubatsiro rwemuchengeti wemari. Muzviitiko zvekukurumidzira, dzimwe nguva matanho ekubatsira kwenguva pfupi anogoneka.
Nezvezvivakwa zvekutengeserana, matambudziko acho akakwira uye nyaya dzemutemo, mitero, uye marongerwo ezvivakwa dzakaoma. Kuongorora kwakanyatsojeka kunoratidza njodzi dzakadai sezvibvumirano zvekurenda zviripo, migwagwa, zvirambidzo zvemutemo weveruzhinji, kusvibiswa kwevhu, uye zvirambidzo zvehurongwa hwenzvimbo. Nekuziva njodzi idzi asati asaina, mutengi anogona kugadzirisa mutengo, mitemo, kana vimbiso, kana kusarudza kusiya chibvumirano.
Mutengi weVvE anofanira, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, kusangana gore rega rega, kuchengetedza mari yekuchengetedza yekuchengetedza zvinhu zvikuru uye kuichengetedza chivakwa. Kubva muna 2018, mupiro wepasi wepamutemo kumari yekuchengetedza unoshanda. Kana ukatenga imba, gara uchibvunza nezvehutano hwemari uye maminiti eVvE.
Kana mutengesi akavanza chikanganiso chaanoziva chinodzivisa kushandiswa kwepfuma nguva dzose, anogona kuva nemhosva pasinei nechikamu che "kutenga sezvakaonekwa". Mutengi anogona kukumbira kugadziriswa, muripo kana, muzviitiko zvakakomba, kubviswa kwekutenga. Kuziviswa kwechikanganiso nenguva kwakakosha.
Kukwereta zvinhu zvishoma kunowanzo bvumidzwa chete kana muridzi wemba achibvumira, uye chibvumirano chekugara chinowanzo rambidza zviri pachena. Kukwereta zvinhu zvishoma kusingabvumirwi nemutemo kunogona kutungamira kugumiswa kwekugara uye chisungo chekupa chero purofiti. Maguta anowanzo simbisawo mitemo yawo pakubhadhara kwenguva pfupi.
Nekubhadhara rendi yenzvimbo, unogona kushandisa ivhu remumwe munhu uchibhadhara muripo wenguva nenguva (canon), nepo kodzero yekuvaka ichikuita muridzi wechivako kana chivako chiri panyika yemumwe munhu. Dzese idzi ikodzero dzepfuma dzakasimbiswa pamberi pegweta uye dzakanyoreswa muLand Registry.
Mutengi wemba wega ane mazuva matatu ekuzorora mushure mekugamuchira chibvumirano chekutenga chakasainwa uye anogona kubva asina kupa chikonzero. Pamusoro pezvo, mamiriro ezvinhu, semuenzaniso ekubhadhara mari, anopa nzira yekubuda mukati menguva yakabvumiranwa.
Mitemo Yepamutemo Inokosha
Mashoko akakosha anotsanangurwa nemutauro wakajeka
Chibvumirano chekurenda (Huurovereenkomst)
Chibvumirano pakati pemuridzi wemba nemurendi chinotsanangura mitemo yekurenda imba. Chinofanirwa kutevedzera mutemo wekurenda weDutch unopa dziviriro huru kune murendi.
Kudzingwa (Kubviswa muhusungwa)
Maitiro epamutemo ekubvisa muroja panzvimbo. Anoda murairo wedare muNetherlands - kudzingwa kwemunhu wega hakubvumirwi nemutemo. Maitiro acho anowanzo tora mwedzi 4-8 kunyaya dzinokwikwidzana.
Chengetedzo Deposit (Waarborgsom)
Mari inobhadharwa nemuroja sechibatiso cherendi nemamiriro eimba, kazhinji rendi yemwedzi 1-3. Inogona kushandiswa chete parendi isina kubhadharwa kana kukuvara kunopfuura kusakara kwakajairika.
Purchase Agreement (Koopovereenkomst)
Chibvumirano chekutanga chekutenga pfuma. Vatengi vane nguva yekuzorora kwemazuva matatu. Kazhinji vanozotevera dhipoziti ye10% uye kuongororwa kwechivako vasati vaendesa kune notarial transfer.
Kutamiswa kwevaridzi (Eigendomsoverdracht)
Kutamisirwa kwemuridzi wepfuma isingatamike zviri pamutemo kunoda kuti pave nemagwaro epamutemo ekutenga (chibvumirano chekutenga), gwaro remutemo rekutamisirwa kwepfuma, uye kunyoreswa mumarejista eruzhinji eLand Registry (Kadaster). Muridzi anongopihwa kumutengi kana gwaro racho ranyoreswa.
Rendi yePasi (Erfpacht)
Kodzero yepfuma inobvumira muridzi wenzvimbo kushandisa nekunakidzwa nevhu remumwe munhu achitsiva nemari yekubhadhara nguva nenguva (rendi yepasi kana kuti canon). Kurenda pasi kwakajairika mu Amsterdam nemamwe maguta senzira yekutsiva kuva muridzi wezvivakwa zvizere.
Sangano revaridzi vedzimba (Vereniging van Eigenaren / VvE)
Sangano repamutemo rinosungirwa kuumbwa kana chivakwa chikakamurwa kuita kodzero dzemafurati. VvE inotarisira zvikamu zvakajairika, inochengetedza mari yekuchengetedza, uye inoita sarudzo pakugadzirisa nekutarisira chivakwa.
Mortgage Right (Hypotheekrecht)
Kodzero yepfuma ine mwero inobvumira mukweretesi (kazhinji bhangi) kutengesa pfuma yakakweretwa nechikwereti kuburikidza nekumanikidzwa kutengesa kana ikatadza kubhadhara. Mortgage inogadzirwa negwaro rekusimbisa uye yakanyoreswa muLand Registry.
Kusaenderana (Non-conformiteit)
Mamiriro ezvinhu apo pfuma yakapihwa haina hunhu hwaitarisirwa nemutengi pasi pechibvumirano. Kusatevedzera mitemo kunogona kupa mutengi kodzero yekugadzirisa, kuderedza mutengo, kana kubvisa chibvumirano.
Mutero Wekutamisa (Overdrachtsbelasting)
Mutero unobhadharwa pakutenga pfuma isingafambi iri muNetherlands. Mutengo wacho unoenderana nekuti imba yacho inogarwa nemuridzi, mari yekudyara, kana kuti imba yekutanga yekutenga imba, uye inowanzo bviswa uye inobhadharwa negweta painotamiswa.
Hurongwa hweZoning (Bestemmingsplan)
Chirongwa chakagamuchirwa nekanzuru chinosarudza kuti ivhu nezvivakwa munzvimbo zvingashandiswa uye zvingagadzirwa sei. Chirongwa chekugadzira nzvimbo chinosunga uye chinogona kudzora zvakanyanya kushandiswa kwepfuma, saka chero chivako kana shanduko yekushandiswa inofanira kuongororwa.
Deed of Division (Splitsingsakte)
Chibvumirano chekunyora chinoratidza kodzero dzemafurati dzakaparadzana. Chinotsanangura miganhu yezvikamu zvepachivande nezvevanhuwo zvavo uye chine mitemo yechikamu ichi inoratidza kodzero nezvisungo zvevaridzi neVvE.
Kurerutsa (Erfdienstbaarheid)
Muripo weimwe pfuma (nyika inoshandira) wekubatsira imwe pfuma (nyika inotonga), senge kodzero yekupinda. Rubatsiro rwemari runowanikwa kuburikidza negwaro remutemo uye kunyoreswa kwemutemo, kana netsamba, uye huwandu hwaro hunobva pagwaro rekusika.
Apartment Right (Appartementsrecht)
Mugove uri muchivako chakakamurwa unopa muridzi mukana wekushandisa chikamu chakavanzika (senge imba) pamwe chete nechikamu muzvikamu zvakajairika. Kuva nhengo yeVvE kunosungirwa nemutemo kukodzero yega yega yefurati.
Chidimbu cheChain (Kettingbeding)
Chisungo chechibvumirano icho mutengi anotora uye anofanira kuisa kune anotenga anotevera pakutengesazve, zvichienderana nechirango. Chikamu checheni hachishande pamwe chete nenyika yega asi chinopfuudzwa kuburikidza nezvibvumirano zvinotevedzana zvinosunga chisungo kune pfuma.
Kunyoresa Kunyoreswa Kwevhu (Kadaster)
Kunyoreswa kwegwaro rekupa muridzi weimba mumarejista eruzhinji eLand Registry, izvo zvinoita kuti kuchinjirwa kwemuridzi kushande kune vamwe vanhu. Mushure mekunyoresa chete ndipo mutengi achava muridzi wepfuma yacho zviri pamutemo.
Preliminary Purchase Agreement (Voorlopige koopovereenkomst)
Chibvumirano chakanyorwa chekutenga chakasainwa nemutengi nemutengesi chisati chaitwa chibvumirano chemunotari. Pasinei nezita rekuti "chekutanga", chinonyanya kukosha, zvichienderana nenguva yepamutemo yekudzikamisa zvinhu uye chero mamiriro ezvinhu akamboitika.
Tenant Dziviriro (Huurbescherming)
Mutemo wepamutemo unodzivirira vagari vemo kubva pakudzingwa kwemari uye kuwedzerwa kwerendi. Muridzi wemba anogona kungogumisa rendi chete nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakanyorwa zvizere mumutemo, kazhinji nekubatanidzwa kwedare.
Kusvibiswa kwevhu (Bodemverontreiniging)
Kuvapo kwezvinhu zvinokuvadza muvhu, izvo zvinonyanya kukosha mukutengeserana kwepfuma. Kusvibiswa kunogona kuunganidza chisungo chekuchenesa uye mari yakawanda, saka kuongorora ivhu kunowanzoitwa ivhu risati ratengwa kana kuti imba.
Kuva muridzi wemiganhu (Mandeligheid) pamwe chete
Kuva muridzi wenzvimbo imwe chete, semuenzaniso, rusvingo runoparadzanisa kana mugwagwa unogovaniswa pakati pemapurazi maviri. Varidzi venzvimbo imwe chete vanogovana mari yekugadzirisa uye vanogona kushandisa chinhu chimwe chete vachiremekedza zvido zvemumwe nemumwe.
Une Mibvunzo NezveMutemo weZvivakwa?
Magweta edu ane ruzivo akagadzirira kukubatsira. Ronga musangano wekukurukura nezvenyaya yako chaiyo.
