Mutemo weDutch unotaura nezverusaruraganda kuburikidza nenzira mbiri dzakasiyana dzemutemo. Nzira yemhosva inoranga kutuka boka pachena, kukurudzira ruvengo, rusarura kana chisimba, uye kuparadzirwa kwemashoko akadaro, pasi peZvikamu 137c kusvika 137e zveDutch Criminal Code. Nzira yekubata vanhu zvakaenzana inorambidza kusarurana zvichienderana nerudzi mumabasa, dzidzo, pekugara uye kugoverwa kwezvinhu nemasevhisi pasi peGeneral Equal Treatment Act, uye inosimbiswa kuburikidza neNetherlands Institute for Human Rights nematare edzimhosva. Nzira mbiri idzi dzine zvimiro zvakasiyana, maitiro akasiyana uye mhedzisiro dzakasiyana, uye kusarudza chaiyo ndiyo sarudzo yekutanga inoshanda inofanira kuitwa nemunhu ari munzvimbo iyi.
Chinyorwa chino chinotsanangura zvinorehwa negwara rega rega, zvinofanirwa kuratidzwa uye naani, ndechipi chinosarudza, uye nguva yekupedzisira inoshanda. Chakanyorwa setsananguro yenzvimbo yepamutemo, kwete setsananguro pamusoro pehurukuro dzemagariro evanhu.
Pokutangira: Chikamu 1 cheBumbiro reMitemo
Chikamu chekutanga cheBumbiro reMitemo reDutch chinoti vanhu vese muNetherlands vanofanira kubatwa zvakaenzana mumamiriro ezvinhu akaenzana uye chinorambidza rusaruraganda nekuda kwezvikonzero zvinosanganisira rudzi, chitendero, chitendero, maonero ezvematongerwo enyika, bonde uye chero chimwe chikonzero. Bumbiro reMitemo rinosunga dare reparamende neveruzhinji; haripe munhu mhosva yekuzvidavirira kune rimwe bato. Mitemo inosimbiswa inowanikwa mumutemo wenguva dzose unouita kuti ushande, uye ndiyo mitemo inosarudza mhedzisiro yenyaya chaiyo.
Mamwe mativi maviri anoshanda zvakananga muNetherlands. Chinyorwa 14 cheEuropean Convention on Human Rights, chinoverengwa pamwe chete nekodzero dzakakosha muchibvumirano ichocho, uye Protocol Nhamba 12, zvinorambidza rusarura nevakuru vehurumende. Mutemo weEuropean Union unorambidza rusaruraganda nekuda kwerudzi kana dzinza kubva pabasa uye kupfuura, uye mutemo weDutch wekubatwa zvakaenzana unoshandisa mirairo iyoyo.
Rudzi rwunorevei munyaya iyi?
Izwi rekuti rudzi mumutemo weDutch harinzwisiswi zvakajeka. Zvichienderana nemutemo wepasi rose wekubvisa marudzi ese ekusarurana kwemarudzi, rinosanganisirawo ruvara, dzinza uye kwakabva rudzi kana dzinza. Izvozvo zvine mhedzisiro inoshanda: nyaya haikundikani nekuti mutsauko wakatsanangurwa sewakavakirwa pakwakabva, chitarisiko, matauriro kana rudzi pane parudzi mupfungwa yemuviri.
Mutemo unosiyanisa marudzi maviri ekusiyanisa. Kusiyanisa zvakananga kunoitika apo munhu anobatwa zvisina kunaka pane mumwe, akambobatwa kana kuti aizobatwa mumamiriro ezvinhu akafanana panzvimbo yakachengetedzwa. Kusiyanisa kusina kunanga kunoitika apo mutemo, chipimo kana tsika zvinoita sezvisina kwazvakarerekera zvinoisa vanhu verudzi rumwe panjodzi yakati. Musiyano uyu unokosha nekuti kusiyana zvakananga pazvikonzero zverudzi kunogona kungoruramiswa chete mumamiriro ezvinhu akamanikana anotenderwa nemutemo pachawo, nepo kusiyana kusina kunanga kuchibvumidzwa apo kunoruramiswa zvakananga nechinangwa chepamutemo uye nzira dzekuzadzisa chinangwa ichocho dzakakodzera uye dzinodiwa.
Nzira yemhosva: Zvinyorwa 137c kusvika 137e zveCriminal Code
Mutemo wemhosva wekuDutch haurangi mafungiro erusaruraganda zvakadaro. Unoranga maitiro chaiwo everuzhinji, uye chimwe nechimwe chezvikamu zvitatu zvikuru chine zvinhu zvacho.
- Chinyorwa 137c Zvinoita kuti zvive mhosva kutaura mashoko ekutuka nemaune pachena, nemuromo kana nekunyora kana nemufananidzo, nezveboka revanhu nekuda kwe, pakati pezvimwe zvikonzero, rudzi rwavo kana chitendero chavo kana zvavanotenda. Mashoko aya anofanira kunge ane chekuita neboka kwete munhu mumwe chete, uye anofanira kutaurwa pachena.
- Chinyorwa 137d inoita kuti ive mhosva kukurudzira ruvengo, rusarura, kana chisimba kuvanhu nekuda kwerudzi rwavo. Zvinhu zvakasiyana: kukurudzira hakudi kuti mashoko acho ave ekutuka, uye kunonyanya kutarisisa mhedzisiro iyo mutauri anoedza kuunza.
- Chinyorwa 137e zvinoita kuti zvive mhosva, kunze kwechinangwa chekutaura chokwadi, kuburitsa kana kuparadzira mashoko aunoziva kana ane chikonzero chakakomba chekufungira kuti anotuka boka kana kuti anokurudzira ruvengo, rusarura kana mhirizhonga, kana kuchengeta zvinhu zvakadaro mudura nechinangwa ichocho. Uyu ndiwo mutemo unobata kuparadzirwa kwete kunyorwa.
Zvimwe zviviri zvinodiwa pano. Chikamu 137f chinoranga kutora chikamu, kana kutsigira, mabasa akanangana nekusarura vanhu nekuda kwerudzi rwavo, uye kusarura mukushanda kwehofisi, basa kana bhizinesi imhosva yakasiyana. Mutemo weCriminal Code une tsananguro yawo yekusarura nekuda kwezvinangwa izvi, inova ndiyo chiyero chinoshandiswa nematare.
Kana kutuka kukaitwa kune munhu mumwe chete anozivikanwa pane kune boka, chikamu chinoshanda ndechekutuka zviri nyore pasi peChikamu 266 cheCriminal Code. Musiyano iwoyo unokosha nenzira yekutevera: kutuka kunotongwa chete pakunyunyuta kwakaitwa nemunhu ane chekuita nazvo, uye kunyunyuta ikoko kunofanirwa kuendeswa mukati memwedzi mitatu kubva panguva iyo munhu wacho aziva nezvemhosva yacho. Mhosva dzeboka dziri muZvikamu 137c kusvika 137e hadzisi mhosva dzekunyunyuta uye dzinogona kupomerwa mhosva nehurongwa hwePublic Prosecution Service.
Miganhu yenzira yemhosva
Muganho wacho wakakwira, uye unofanirwa kuvapo. Rusununguko rwekutaura pasi peChikamu 10 cheEuropean Convention on Human Rights runodzivirira zvirevo zvinokatyamadza, zvinogumbura kana zvinokanganisa, uye matare eDutch anoongorora zvirevo zvichienderana nemamiriro azvo: zvakataurwa, kuna ani, mumamiriro api ezvinhu, uye kana zvirevo zvacho zvakabatsira mukukakavadzana kwevanhu. Mashoko anorwadza zvisina kufanira kunze kwemamiriro ezvinhu akadaro anobatwa zvakasiyana nekutaura kwakasimba kuhurukuro panyaya inofarira veruzhinji.
Kana chikonzero cherusaruraganda chiri chikonzero cheimwe mhosva, senge kurova, kutyisidzira kana kukuvara kwepfuma, chikonzero ichocho hachisi chikamu chemhosva asi Public Prosecution Service inochiona sechinhu chinowedzera mutongo wayo, zvichienderana nemutemo wayo wekupomera mhosva wakaburitswa. Kunyora chikonzero sechikamu chemushumo wemhosva iri kupomerwa kwakakosha.
Kushuma: kuti nzira yematsotsi inofamba sei chaizvo
Kushuma kumapurisa (aangifte) ndiko kunotanga nzira yekuparwa kwemhosva. Kunogona kutaurwa pachiteshi chero chipi zvacho chemapurisa, uye kune dzimwe mhosva dziri paindaneti. Kushuma mhosva yacho uye taura pachena kuti chikonzero chekusarura chakaita basa, nekuti ndizvo zvinosarudza kuti faira rinonyoreswa sei uye rinoongororwa sei. Kumbira kopi yemushumo wacho.
Mutemo unoti kanzuru yega yega inofanirwa kupa mukana wekuwana sevhisi yekurwisa rusarura, uye masevhisi iwayo anopa mazano nerutsigiro mahara, anobatsira kugadzira chichemo uye anogona kushanda semurevereri. Vanonyoresawo mishumo, iyo inokosha padanho reboka kunyangwe nyaya yega yega isingapfuuri mberi. Kune zvirevo zvakaburitswa online, mishumo inogonawo kuendeswa kunzvimbo yenyika yekushuma rusarura pa internet.
Dare rePublic Prosecution Service rinosarudza kana richida kupomera mhosva. Kana rikasarudza kusadaro, munhu ane hanya anogona kupomera mhosva kudare repamusoro pasi peChikamu 12 cheMutemo weMaitiro Emhosva, uye dare rinogona kuraira kuti kupomera mhosva kuitwe. Maitiro iwayo akanyorwa, anotora nguva, uye ndiyo chete nzira iyo sarudzo yekusapomera mhosva inogona kupikiswa.
Munhu anenge abatwa nemhosva anogona kupinda mumatare edzimhosva semunhu akakuvara uye okumbira muripo ikoko, chero bedzi chikumbiro chacho chisingaisi mutoro mukuru panyaya yemhosva. Kana chikumbiro chacho chakaoma, dare redzimhosva rinochiendesa kudare redzimhosva, chinova chimwe chezvikonzero zvakawanda zvinoita kuti nzira yematare edzimhosva ive inobereka zvakawanda.
Mutemo weGeneral Equal Treatment Act
Mutemo weGeneral Equal Treatment Act (Algemene wet gelijke behandeling, AWGB) unorambidza kusarurana pazvikonzero zvinosanganisira rudzi nerudzi, uye ndiwo mushonga unoshanda kumamiriro mazhinji ezuva nezuva. Hukuru hwawo hunotsanangurwa nenzvimbo kwete nemaitiro.
- Basa mupfungwa yakafara: kutsvaga vanhu nekusarudza, mitemo yebasa, kukwidziridzwa pabasa, kudzidziswa, mamiriro ekushanda uye kudzingwa basa, uye zvinoshanda kuvashandi, vashandi vehurumende uye, muzvikamu zvakatsanangurwa, kune vanozvishandira vari kuita basa.
- Dzidzo, kuva nhengo dzemasangano evashandi nemasangano evashandi, uye kuita basa rerusununguko.
- Kupa zvinhu nemasevhisi uye kupedzwa kwezvibvumirano pamusoro pavo, uko izvi zvinoitwa mubhizinesi kana basa kana neveruzhinji. Dzimba dziri muchikamu ichi, ndosaka kuramba muridzi wemba nekuda kwekwaakabva kuchifukidzirwa.
Mutemo uyu unoshanda nezvikamu zvishoma zvezvisizvo uye zvakamanikana. Musiyano wakavakirwa zvakananga parudzi unogona kururamiswa chete kana Mutemo pachawo uchibvumira; kupukunyuka kwezvikonzero zvisina kunanga kunowanikwa chete pakusiyanisa kusina kunanga. Mitemo iri muchibvumirano inopesana neMutemo haishande, uye Mutemo unodzivirira munhu akanyunyuta kana kupa humbowo hwekusabatsirwa nekuda kwekuita izvozvo, izvo muhukama hwebasa zvinoreva kuti kudzingwa basa nekuda kwekunyunyuta pachako hakusi pamutemo.
Pamwe chete neAWGB, Civil Code ine mitemo yakaenzana yekurapa zvikonzero nemamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana, uye mitemo yakasiyana inovhara musiyano zvichienderana nezera, kuremara kana chirwere chisingaperi uye musiyano uripo pakati pebasa renguva yakatarwa nerechigarire kana renguva yakazara nerenguva isina kukwana. Ruzivo rumwe chete runowanzobata zvinopfuura chimwe chazvo, uye sarudzo yechishandiso inokanganisa zvese forum uye mushonga.
Sangano reNetherlands reKodzero Dzevanhu
Sangano reNetherlands Institute for Human Rights (College voor de Rechten van de Mens) rinoongorora zvichemo zvemunhu mumwe nemumwe zvekusabatwa zvakanaka pasi pemutemo wekubata zvakaenzana. Maitiro acho haabhadharwi, haadi gweta, uye zvichemo zvinogona kutumirwa nekunyora nemunhu ane chekuita nazvo, nemunhu anoda kuziva kana maitiro ake achienderana nezvinodiwa, nedare remabasa kana neboka revanhu vanofarira. Sangano rinogonawo kuvhura kuferefeta kwaro pakusarudza kwakarongeka.
Sangano rinoita musangano wedare uye rinopa pfungwa ine musoro (oordeel). Pfungwa iyoyo haisungi uye haigone kusimbiswa, uye Sangano harigone kupa muripo wekubhadhara kana kubvisa chisarudzo. Kukosha kwayo kuri kumwewo. Pfungwa dzinoburitswa, dzinoteverwa muzvikamu zvakakura zvenyaya, uye pfungwa inowana musiyano wakarambidzwa humbowo hwakakosha kana nyaya yacho ikaenda kudare redzimhosva, iro rine rusununguko rwekusvika pamhedziso yaro asi risingawanzoitiki pasina kubatana nepfungwa dzesangano.
Saka Institute inonzwisiswa zviri nani senzira isina simba yekuwana mhinduro ine chiremera, kwete senzira yekutsiva nyaya apo muripo kana murairo unomanikidzwa ndiwo chinangwa. Kana kukurumidza uye kusimbiswa kwemutemo kuchikosha, semuenzaniso apo kudzingwa kwemutemo kunofanira kupikiswa mukati menguva yakatarwa nemutemo, nyaya dzinofanira kutanga kumatare edzimhosva zvisinei nezvingazosarudzwa neInstitute gare gare.
Nzira yehurumende uye mutoro weuchapupu
Dare redzimhosva rinogona kuita zvisingagone kuitwa neInstitute: kupa muripo wemari, kuzivisa kuti chisarudzo hachina basa, kuraira bato kuti rimise maitiro aro kana richirangwa nemuripo wechirango, uye kubvisa kudzingwa basa. Chikumbiro ichi chinowanzo tsanangurwa sechisina pamutemo pasi peChikamu 6:162 cheDutch Civil Code, sekutyora mutemo wekubatwa zvakaenzana, kana kuti pabasa sekutyora basa remushandirwi rekushanda semushandirwi akanaka.
Chinhu chikuru pane izvi ndechekuti mutoro wekupa humbowo wakachinja. Pasi peChikamu 10 ndima 1 yeGeneral Equal Treatment Act, munhu anoti akambova munhu anorambidzwa kupatsanurwa anofanira kutanga ataura zvinhu zvinogona kukonzera fungidziro yekuti musiyano wakadaro wakaitwa. Kana vakabudirira, mutoro wacho unoendeswa kune rimwe bato, iro rinofanira kuratidza kuti harina kuita zvakapesana neMutemo. Mutemo mumwe chete unoshanda pamberi peInstitute uye mumitemo yeCivil Code yekubata zvakaenzana.
Zvinorehwa neizvi mukuita zvinowanzonzwisiswa nemativi ese. Munhu ari kunyunyuta haafanire kuratidza rusarura; vanofanira kuita kuti zvive nyore kuti vatsanangure. Kurambwa mushure mekunge kukumbira kwaonekwa, chirevo chakanyorwa muemail, maitiro ekubata nyaya dzakafanana, kana kusiya nzira isina kutsanangurwa yemushandirwi zvinogona kukwana kuwedzera fungidziro. Kana zvangotaurwa, munhu ari kupomerwa anofanira kuratidza chikonzero chisina rusarura, uye kutaura kusina kujeka nezvekukodzera kana nezvemunhu ari nani hazviwanzoiti kuti mutoro wacho ubviswe. Zvinyorwa zvenguva imwe chete zvechikonzero chaicho ndizvo zvinosarudza nyaya idzi.
Kusarura munzvimbo yebasa
Nzvimbo yebasa ine mitoro yayo, uye inoshanda kupfuura zvinorambidzwa pachazvo. Pasi peMutemo weMamiriro Ekushanda, mushandirwi anofanira kutevera mutemo wakanangana nekudzivirira mutoro wepfungwa, uye rusarura chikamu chepfungwa iyoyo pamwe nekushungurudzwa, hutsinye, kushungurudzwa uye kumanikidzwa kubasa. Kuongorora njodzi nekuongorora kunofanira kugadzirisa dambudziko iri, uye kana njodzi iripo mushandirwi anofanira kutora matanho uye kuanyora muchirongwa chekuita.
Mukutaura kunoshanda zvinoreva nzira yekunyunyuta inowanikwa uye yakavanzika, mupi wezano wepachivande kana nzvimbo yakafanana yekutaurirana, uye mhinduro inooneka kana paine chichemo. Mushandirwi anogamuchira chichemo asi asingaite chero chinhu anofumurwa pamativi maviri: nekuda kwemusiyano uripo, uye zvakasiyana nekuda kwekutadza kwake semushandirwi kupa nzvimbo yakachengeteka yekushanda. Chinyorwa chedu pamusoro pekushungurudzwa kubasa chinotsanangura mashandiro enzira idzodzo dzekunyunyuta.
Mushandi anodzingwa basa mushure mekunyunyuta anenge ari panzvimbo yakasimba kupfuura zvavanowanzo fungidzira, nekuti mutemo wekubata zvakaenzana unodzivirira kubva pakukuvadzwa nekunyunyuta, uye nekuti kudzingwa basa nekuda kwekunyunyuta kwakaoma kuti mushandirwi azviratidze pachena pane chimwe chikonzero. Nguva yakatarwa yepamutemo haikanganwiri: chikumbiro chinopikisa kudzingwa basa chinofanira kusvika kudare redunhu mukati memwedzi miviri kubva pazuva rakapera chibvumirano chebasa. Ongororo yedu yemutemo wekusarura mabasa muNetherlands uye kodzero dzevashandi inobata nemitemo yakapoteredza.
Kutsvaga vashandi kunofanirwa kunyorwa zvakasiyana nekuti mutemo pano unowanzo taurwa zvisirizvo. Bhiri raizodai rakaisa basa rekutarisirwa pavashandirwi nevamiririri kuti vashandise nzira yekutsvagisa vanhu yakanyorwa, isina rusarura rakarambwa neSeneti musi wa26 Kurume 2024, uye rimwe bhiri rekutanga panyaya iyi rakatanga kutangwa. Kusvikira mutemo wakadaro wapasiswa uye watanga kushanda, hapana mutemo wekutarisira maitiro ekutsvagisa vanhu. Chinoshanda ndicho chirambidzo pachacho: kurambwa nekuda kwerudzi hakusi pamutemo kunyangwe maitiro acho akanyorwa kana kuti kwete, uye Labour Inspectorate ine masimba ekumanikidza maererano nemutemo wemamiriro ebasa.
Nguva dzekupedzisira uye humbowo
Nguva nhatu dzinokosha uye dziri nyore kupotsa.
- Chichemo chemhosva yekutuka munhu chinofanira kuendeswa mukati memwedzi mitatu kubva pakuziva nezvazvo. Mhosva dzeboka hadzina nguva yekunyunyuta, asi nguva dzakajairwa dzekupomerwa mhosva dzinoshanda.
- Chikumbiro chekuramba basa chinofanira kuendeswa kudare redunhu mukati memwedzi miviri kubva pakupera kwechibvumirano chebasa. Nguva iyi haigone kuwedzerwa.
- Chikumbiro chemhosva yekuda mari yechikwereti chinotarirwa kwenguva yakatarwa yemakore mashanu kubva pazuva rakatevera apo munhu akakuvara aziva zvese kukuvara kwacho nemunhu ane mhosva, uye makore makumi maviri chero zvodini.
Uchapupu hunowanzova chinhu chisina simba, uye hunokurumidza kuipa. Nyora zvakataurwa, naani, rini, kupi uye pamberi paani, mukunyora uye pazuva kana zvichibvira. Chengeta maemail ekutanga, mameseji netsamba pane kupfupisa. Nyora mazita ezvapupu. Pakatorwa sarudzo, bvunza chikonzero mukunyora uye chengeta mhinduro, nekuti mhinduro yakapihwa panguva iyoyo ndiyo ichatofanira kumirira mumwe munhu. Usaedze kunyora hurukuro pachivande usina kutanga watora zano; nzvimbo iri pamarekodhi akadaro yakaoma kupfuura zvainoita uye sarudzo inogona kukanganisa nyaya yese.
Kusarudza nzira
Nzira dzinogona kubatanidzwa, asi dzinopindura mibvunzo yakasiyana. Nzira yemhosva inogadzirisa zvakataurwa neruzhinji nemhosva nechinangwa chekusarura, uye ndiyo nzira yakakodzera apo pane kutyisidzira, chisimba kana kutaura zvakanangana neboka. Hazviripi munhu wacho muripo, uye sarudzo yekupomera mhosva haisi yemunhu anonyunyuta.
Nzira yeInstitute yakakodzera kana mubvunzo uri wekuti sarudzo yemushandirwi, sangano redzidzo, muridzi wemba kana mupi webasa yakaita semusiyano unorambidzwa here, uye kana kutsvaga kwemvumo kuri iko kunodiwa. Hazvina muripo uye zvinokurumidza, uye hazvivhari nzira yehurumende.
Nzira yematare edzimhosva ndiyo yekusarudza kuti muripo, kubviswa kwechisarudzo kana murairo unomanikidzwa ndiwo chinangwa, uye ndiyo chete nzira ine nguva yakatarwa inofanira kuzadzikiswa munyaya dzebasa. Kana paine kudzingwa basa, nguva iyoyo yekupedzisira ndiyo inosarudza kutevedzana kwenyaya: kutanga kutongwa kwedare uye kufunga nezveInstitute panguva imwe chete, kwete neimwe nzira. Ongororo yedu yematare edzimhosva muNetherlands inotsanangura maitiro acho, uye zvikumbiro zvekuripiswa zvinofukidza zvinogona kudzoserwa.
Masangano api anofanira kunge aripo?
Kune mushandirwi, chikoro kana mupi webasa, kusvibiswa kwemutemo kunoderedzwa nezvinhu zvitatu, uye hapana kana chimwe chazvo chakaoma.
Chekutanga mutemo wakanyorwa unotaura zvinorambidzwa, unotsanangura zvikonzero, unotsanangura zvinotarisirwa uye unotsanangura kuti chichemo chinoitwa sei uye chinobatwa sei. Chechipiri chinyorwa chekuita sarudzo: chikonzero chekurambwa, kukwidziridzwa pabasa, kuramba basa kana kudzingwa basa chinofanira kunyorwa panguva yachinotorwa, mumashoko anogona kuratidzwa kune wechitatu gare gare. Chinyorwa ichocho ndicho chinopindura mutoro weuchapupu wakachinjirwa, uye sangano rine icho kazhinji harifanirwe kumhan'ara. Chechitatu inzira yekupindura inoshanda, ine nzvimbo yekutaurirana yakanyorwa, nguva yakatarwa uye mhedzisiro yakanyorwa.
Kana nyaya yasvika, kutevedzana kwayo kunokosha. Bvuma, simbisa chokwadi usati watanga pfungwa, inzwa mativi ese, chengeta maitiro acho akavanzika, uye nyora mhedziso nezvikonzero. Kutsiva, kunyangwe muchimiro chekuchinja kwenyaya kana mukana wakabviswa, kutyora mutemo kwakasiyana uye ndiyo nguva iyo mafaira mazhinji anotadza kugadziriswa.
Zvokuita zvinotevera
Kana paine chakaitika, danho rekutanga nderekunyora zvakaitika nguva ichiripo, uye kuchengetedza magwaro acho. Chechipiri ndechekuona kuti chii chaunoda: kubvuma, kuchinja sarudzo, muripo, kana kuwanikwa neveruzhinji. Chechitatu ndechekutarisa kana nguva yakatarwa yatove kushanda, nekuti munyaya dzebasa inowanzoitwa.
Tora mazano usati wapindura mumwe munhu nekunyora kana paine kudzingwa kana sarudzo yepamutemo, nekuti tsamba dzekutanga dzinoratidza nyaya yacho. Kana chokwadi chikakakavadzana, kukosha kwefaira kunosarudzwa nezvakanyorwa mumavhiki maviri ekutanga, uye kana munhu anofanira kutsanangura sarudzo yacho anogona kuratidza chikonzero chakanyorwa gakava risati ratanga.
Mibvunzo inowanzo bvunzwa nezve rusaruraganda muNetherlands
Rusaruraganda idambudziko guru muNetherlands here?
Ehe, ndizvozvo. Kunyange hazvo Netherlands ine mukurumbira wekushivirira, mufananidzo uyu unowanzo vhara chokwadi cherusaruraganda rwevanhu rwunosangana nevanhu vazhinji zuva nezuva. Hazvisi zvezviito zvechisimba, zvinoonekwa pachena; zvinowanzova nezverusaruraganda rudiki runokonzera zvipingamupinyi mudzimba, mabasa, uye dzidzo. Semuenzaniso, zvidzidzo zvakawanda zvakaratidza kuti vanonyorera vane mazita ekune dzimwe nyika havawanzo danwa kuti vabvunzurwe basa kupfuura avo vane mazita echiDutch, kunyangwe kana zvitupa zvavo zvakafanana. Izvi hazvisi kungoitika kamwe chete asi maitiro anoratidza matambudziko makuru emasangano. Kukakavadzana kwevanhu kwakapisa pamusoro petsika dzakadai seZwarte Piet kunounzawo nyaya iyi mukutarisisa kwakasimba. Kunyange vamwe vachiidzivirira sechikamu chisina njodzi chemutambo wevana, kune vamwe vazhinji inyaya inorwadza ine midzi munguva yekare yekoloni. Hurukuro iyi yenyika inoratidza kuti rusaruraganda rwakaputirwa zvakadzama sei mutsika nekuzivikanwa kweDutch.
Musiyano uripo pakati perusaruraganda nerusaruraganda ndeupi?
Uyu mutsauko wakakosha zvikuru. Zvakanaka kufunga nezverusaruraganda senzira iri pasi pekutenda kana pfungwa. Ipfungwa ine rusaruraganda yekuti rumwe rudzi rwuri pamusoro perumwe, inotsigirwa nesimba revanhu kuti vaise kutenda ikoko mumasisitimu nemasangano. Muchidimbu, ndicho chikonzero chekusabatwa zvakanaka. Rusaruraganda, kune rumwe rutivi, chiito chinobva mukutenda ikoko. Ichi chiito chaicho chekubata mumwe munhu zvisina kururama nekuda kwerudzi rwake. Rusaruraganda ipfungwa ine rusaruraganda. Rusaruraganda chiito chisina kururama. Ngatitii kambani ine mutemo unoisa vashandi vanobva kune rumwe rudzi panjodzi pasina kuutaura zvakajeka. Irwo rudzi rwerusaruraganda rwemasangano. Kana maneja achishandisa mutemo iwoyo sechikonzero chekusiya mumwe wevashandi ivavo kuti vakwidziridzwe pabasa, ichocho chiito chekusarura. Zviviri izvi zvakabatana—rusaruraganda ndicho chikonzero chikuru, nepo rusaruraganda rwuri mhedzisiro inokuvadza.
Kurwisa vanhu zvishoma inzira yerusaruraganda here?
Zvechokwadi. Kurwisa kudiki-diki ndiko kutaura kana zviito zvisina kujeka, kazhinji zvisina chinangwa, zvinotumira mashoko ehasha kana asina kunaka kune mumwe munhu zvichienderana nerudzi rwake. Kune munhu anotaura izvozvo, zvingaita semashoko asina njodzi, ari ega. Asi kune munhu ari kugamuchira, izvi chikamu chemaitiro anogara achinetsa. Funga nezvazvo sekubayiwa netsono. Kubaiwa kamwe chete kungasaita sekunge kwakanyanya, asi mazana acho nekufamba kwenguva anokonzera kurwadziwa nekukuvara chaiko. Ndizvo zvinoita mhedzisiro yekurwisa kudiki-diki. Heano mimwe mienzaniso yakajairika muNetherlands: Kubvunza munhu ane ruvara rweganda kuti, "Kwete, unobva kupi chaizvo?" mushure mekunge vakuudza kuti vanobva kuRotterdam. Kurumbidza mumwe munhu asiri muchena kuti vanotaura chiDutch zvakanaka sei, nenzwi riri pasi rekushamisika. Kubata bhegi zvakasimba kana munhu weboka diki akagara pedyo muchitima. Zviito zvakaita seizvi zvinosimbisa pfungwa yekuti vamwe vanhu "vatorwa" vanogara varipo, kunyangwe munyika yavanoti kumusha. Ndiwo chaiwo uye chikamu chakakosha chezviitiko zvezuva nezuva zverusaruraganda.
Ndingava nerusaruraganda ndisingazvizivi here?
Ehe, uye apa ndipo panopinda pfungwa yerusarura rusina kujeka (kana rusarura rwusina kujeka). Tose tine mafungiro nepfungwa pamusoro pemapoka akasiyana evanhu tisingatombozvizivi. Uropi hwedu hunovandudza nzira idzi dzepfungwa dzekugadzirisa ruzivo nekukurumidza, asi dzinowanzovakirwa parusarura rwemagariro atakatora muhupenyu hwedu hwese. Kuva nerusarura rusina kujeka hakukuiti "munhu akaipa." Zvinongoreva kuziva kuti tese tine nzvimbo dzisina kujeka dzakaumbwa nekurerwa kwedu, midhiya yatinoona, uye nzanga yatinogara mairi. Muenzaniso wekare ndewe maneja wevanotora vanhu ane chokwadi chekuti vari kuita zvinhu nemazvo. Asi, rusarura rwavo rusina kujeka runogona kuvaita kuti vanzwe "kuenderana netsika" kwakasimba nemunhu anenge aine nhoroondo yakafanana neyavo. Uku hakusi rusaruraganda rwemaune, asi mhedzisiro yacho yakafanana: munhu asina hunyanzvi anogona kuwana basa pane mumwe munhu akakodzera kubva kuboka rerudzi rwakasiyana. Danho rekutanga mukurwisa izvi nderekungobvuma rusarura urwu rwuri matiri tese, uye wobva watora matanho anoshanda ekurwurwisa.
Ndinofanira kuitei kana ndikaona mumwe munhu achiratidza rusaruraganda?
Kuva munhu anotarisa-tarisa ndeimwe yenzira dzinoshanda zvikuru dzekudzivisa rusaruraganda. Kana usina chaunoita, zvinotumira meseji yekuti maitiro acho akanaka. Nekudaro, kuchengetedzeka kwako uye kuchengetedzeka kwemunhu ari kurwiswa kunofanira kugara kuri pekutanga. Kana uchifunga kuti zvakachengeteka kupindira, heano zvinhu zvishoma zvaunogona kuita: Kugadzirisa maitiro acho zvakananga. Taura zvakadzikama uye zvakasimba sekuti, "Hazvibvumirwi kutaura izvozvo," kana kuti "Ndapota mira." Gadzira chinovhiringidza. Unogona kukanganisa mamiriro acho ezvinhu nekukumbira munhu ari kurwiswa nguva yacho kana kuti gwara. Izvi zvinogona kuputsa kusagadzikana uye kumupa mukana wekubva. Ipa rutsigiro mushure mezvo. Kana kupindira panguva iyoyo kusinganzwi kwakachengeteka, taura nemunhu ari kurwiswa kana zvapera. Bvunza kana vari zvakanaka uye kana paine chaunogona kuita kubatsira. Taura chiitiko chacho. Kana zvakakodzera, taura zvakaitika kune ane masimba, angave maneja, murindi, kana mapurisa. Chero chaunosarudza kuita, zvaunoita—zvisinei nekuti zvidiki sei—zvinogona kuita mutsauko mukuru kune munhu ari kuitirwa izvozvo, zvichimuzivisa kuti haasi ega.
Law & More inopa mazano kuvanhu nemasangano muNetherlands panyaya dzerusaruraganda, mumabasa uye mukupa zvinhu nemasevhisi. Tinoongorora kuti ndeipi nzira inokodzera nyaya yacho, tinogadzirira zvichemo kuNetherlands Institute for Human Rights, tinoitisa nyaya pamberi pematare edzimhosva ehurumende needunhu, uye tinopa mazano kuvashandirwi nezvemitemo, maitiro ekunyunyuta uye magwaro ekuita sarudzo. Bata nesu. chikwata chemutemo webasa kuti tikurukure nezvemamiriro ako ezvinhu.
