Kuvharirwa muNetherlands vasati vatongwa, nhanho nhanho

Kana mumwe wako, mwana wako kana mushandi achangobva kusungwa muNetherlands, chikamu chakaoma ndechekusaziva zvichaitika, kana kuti rini. Maitiro emhosva ekuDutch anofamba muzvikamu zvakatarwa, chimwe nechimwe chine muiti wesarudzo yacho uye nguva yacho. Gwaro iri rinotsanangura matanho iwayo nenzira yakatevedzana, uye zvaunogona kuita uri kunze.

Ndeipi Mutemo wemitemo yemhosva unoshanda nhasi?

Izvi zvinokosha, nekuti zvakawanda zvauchaverenga paindaneti hazvina kushanda. Netherlands yakagadzirisazve maitiro ayo emhosva: mitemo yekugadzwa kweWetboek van Strafvordering itsva yakagamuchirwa neSeneti musi wa24 Kukadzi 2026 uye yakaburitswa muBulletin of Acts and Decreeds musi wa13 Kurume 2026 (Stb. 2026, 56 na57). Asi kubvumidzwa hakusi kutanga kushanda.

Muna Nyamavhuvhu 2026 Mutemo mutsva hausati watanga kushanda. Nyaya yehama yako inotongwa neWetboek van Strafvordering ya1921 iripo, sezvakagadziriswa. Mitemo yese inotanga kushanda pamwe chete pazuva rimwe chete, iro parizvino rinotarisirwa kuva 1 Kubvumbi 2029 - chinangwa kwete vimbiso. Nyaya yega yega nenguva iri pazasi inopiwa pasi peMutemo uri kushanda izvozvi.

Matanho uye nguva dzawo dzepamusoro

Mutsetse wekupedzisira uyu unotsanangura musiyano waungave wakaona: mazuva zana nemana anoreva kuvharirwa munhu asati asvika kudare, kugara mujeri pamwe nekuramba ari mujeri, ukuwo mazuva zana negumi achiwedzera mazuva matanhatu ekuvharirwa nemapurisa asati asvika. Ose ari maviri akarurama.

Kusungwa uye maawa ekutanga

Munhu anogona kusungwa kana akabatwa ari muchiitiko ichi, uye kana akabatwa nemhosva dzakakomba kana dzisiri (arts. 53 na54 Sv), ozoendeswa pamberi pemubatsiri wemuchuchisi wehurumende uyo anosarudza kana angasungwa kuti abvunzurudzwe. Nguva iyi ndeye ophouden voor onderzoek (art. 56a Sv): maawa mapfumbamwe chete apo mhosva inofungidzirwa inobvumira kusungwa kwemunhu asati asvika kutongwa, maawa matanhatu kana akabatwa nemhosva diki. Chinokosha ndechekuti maawa ari pakati pehusiku na09:00 haaverengerwi, saka munhu anosungwa na22:00 anogona kunge achiri pachiteshi kusvika zuva rinotevera pasina muganho wakadarika. Mamwe maawa matanhatu anogona kushandiswa kana zita rake risingazivikanwe (art. 61 Sv).

Kuchengetwa nemapurisa: inverzekeringstelling

Kana nguva yakawanda ichidikanwa, muchuchisi wehurumende kana mubatsiri wemuchuchisi wehurumende vanogona kuraira kuti nyaya yacho inyorwe (art. 57 Sv). Kufungirwa uku kunofanira kunge kune chekuita nemhosva inotenderwa kuchengetwa kwemunhu asati asvika pakutongwa pasi peart. 67 Sv, uye kuferefeta kunofanira kudiwa.

Kuchengetwa nemapurisa kunotora mazuva matatu , uye kunogona kuwedzerwa kamwe chete kusvika mamwe mazuva matatu nemuchuchisi wehurumende kana paine chikonzero chekukurumidzira (art. 58 Sv). Nguva yepamusoro imazuva matanhatu; hapana kuwedzerwa kwechipiri. Murairo wacho wakanyorwa uye munhu wacho anofanira kunzwikwa kutanga. Vari muchitokisi chemapurisa, kwete mujeri.

Muchuchisi anogonawo kuisa mitemo yekudzivirira nyaya yacho. Musungwa anogona kubva ataurirana nevamwe vanhu kunze kwegweta rake: hapana kushanya, hapana kufona, hapana tsamba. Izvi hazvisi chirango kana chiratidzo chekuti nyaya yacho haina tariro; inzira yekuferefeta, inowanzo bviswa mukati memavhiki, uye gweta rinogona kuipikisa.

Kodzero yekuva negweta, uye kuti gweta rinosvika sei kumunhu akasungwa

Munhu anofungidzirwa kuti ane kodzero yekubatsirwa negweta (art. 28 Sv). Kodzero mbiri dzinokosha mumaawa ekutanga:

• Kubvunzana usati wabvunza mibvunzo (art. 28c Sv): kutaura negweta vari vega vasati vaita hurukuro yekutanga yechokwadi.
• Rubatsiro panguva yekubvunzurudzwa (art. 28d Sv): kuva negweta riripo muimba yekubvunzurudzwa.

Mapurisa anofanira kuzivisa munhu ari kupomerwa mhosva nezvekodzero idzi uye kuzivisa chirongwa chemagweta ebasa (art. 28b Sv). Iyi ndiyo nzira yepiket : mapurisa anotumira piket melding kuLegal Aid Board ( Raad voor Rechtsbijstand ), iyo inopa nyaya yacho kugweta rekudzivirira mhosva riri pabasa munharaunda iyoyo panguva iyoyo. Gweta rakapihwa basa rinofanira kuwanikwa mukati memaawa maviri kubva pakuzivisa; kana nguva iyoyo ikapfuura, kubvunza kunogona kutanga pane zvinodiwa nemutemo (art. 28b Sv). Gweta rebasa rinopinda pachiteshi, kazhinji mukati memaawa. Mhuri haifanirwe kuronga chero chinhu uye haikumbirwi kubhadhara kufona. Zvinofukidza basa iri - inguva yakawanda sei yekukurukurirana inobhadharwa, uye kana mupiro wemunhu wega uchizofanira kubhadharwa kana basa raitwa repamutemo renyaya yacho yese - zvinosarudzwa neRaad voor Rechtsbijstand uye zvinochinja nemutemo wayo, saka bvunza gweta pakutanga kwekuonana pane kufunga kuti kudzivirira kwese kwakasununguka.

Gweta rinoshanda rinonyatsokwanisa, asi kugoverwa kwemumiriri kunoitwa nemutemo wese: mhuri inogona kuraira gweta rayo pakusarudza kwayo chero nguva, uye kuchinja hakukonzeri rusaruro. Munhu mukuru anogona kurega kodzero yekuva gweta mushure mekunge audzwa mhedzisiro yacho, saka kana hama yake iri panjodzi kana kuti isingatauri chiDutch, kuvamanikidza kuti vasimbirire kuva gweta kwakakodzera. Muturikiri haabhadharwi.

Kuonekwa pamberi pemutongi wedare repamusoro

Kuchengetwa kwemapurisa hakugone kungoenderera mberi. Munhu anofungidzirwa anofanira kuunzwa pamberi pemutongi wedare , mutongi wedare, mazuva matatu nemaawa gumi nemasere asati apera , kubva panguva yekusungwa kwake (art. 59a Sv). Muganho iwoyo wekunze unobvumidza mazuva matatu ekuchengetwa kwemapurisa pamwe chete nemaawa asati asvika: kusvika maawa mapfumbamwe ekuchengetwa kwemapurisa kuti abvunzurudzwe, uye kusvika maawa mapfumbamwe ehusiku asingaverengerwi.

Kunzwa uku, kwevoorgeleiding , ndiko kekutanga mutongi achiona nyaya iyi. Inoitirwa mukamuri kadiki, kwete mudare redzimhosva revanhu vose, gweta riripo. Mutongi anoongorora kana kusungwa nekuchengetwa kwemapurisa zvaive pamutemo, achirayira kusunungurwa kana nguva yakatarwa yadarika, uye anotonga chikumbiro chemuchuchisi chekuvharirwa mujeri. Haisi nyaya yekutongwa: mhosva haisi nyaya. Vafungirwi vazhinji vanosunungurwa panguva ino.

Kudzokorora: kungwarira

Mutongi wedare repamusoro anogona kuraira kuti nyaya idzoke mushure mechikumbiro chemuchuchisi wehurumende; munhu anofungidzirwa anotongwa mutongo usati waitwa uye anogona kubatsirwa negweta pakutongwa ikoko (art. 63 Sv). Kana chikumbiro chikabudirira, munhu anofungidzirwa anodzoserwa mujeri kwemazuva anosvika gumi nemana (arts. 63 na64 Sv), ayo mutongi wedare repamusoro asingakwanise kuwedzera. Musungwa anotama kubva muchitokisi chemapurisa kuenda kunzvimbo yekuchengetera mhosva ( huis van bewaring ) inotungamirwa neCustodial Institutions Agency (DJI), uko mamiriro ezvinhu ari nani zvikuru: chitokisi chakakodzera, kugara kwezuva nezuva, kushanya, kufonera uye kutumira tsamba.

Kuramba vachivharirwa: gevangenhouding

Mazuva gumi nemana asati apera, muchuchisi anogona kukumbira kudare redunhu kuti apihwe mhosva (art. 65 Sv). Izvi hazvisarudzwi nemutongi mumwe chete asi nedare riri mumakamuri ( raadkamer ), kazhinji vatongi vatatu, pakunzwa nyaya iyo munhu ari kupomerwa mhosva negweta vanogona kupinda.

Kuramba wakavharirwa kunogona kutora mazuva makumi mapfumbamwe (art. 66 Sv), kazhinji muzvikamu zvinotevedzana zvemazuva anosvika makumi matatu, saka nyaya yacho inodzokera kumutongi panguva dzakasiyana. Kana munhu akambosunungurwa akavharirwazve, murairo wacho unoramba uri wekugadzirisa . Mirairo, uye kuramba kubvisa kana kumisa kuvharirwa, zvinogona kukwidzwa kudare. Murairo wekugadzirisa kana kumisa kuvharirwa unogona kukwidzwa kudare mukati memazuva matatu, nepo hofisi yekupomera ine mazuva gumi nemana ekukwidza kudare pamusoro pemutemo wekubvisa kuvharirwa (art. 71 Sv). Munhu anofungidzirwa anogona kukwidza kudare kamwe chete, zvakare mukati memazuva matatu, pamusoro pekuramba chikumbiro chekubvisa kana kumisa kuvharirwa (art. 87 Sv).

Zvikonzero zvepamutemo zvekuvharirwa munhu asati asvika kudare

Zvipingamupinyi zviviri zvakasiyana zvinofanira kubviswa.

Nyaya yacho inofanira kunge iri iyo inotenderwa kusungwa

Chinyorwa 67 Sv chinonyora izvi: zvakanyanya, mhosva dzine makore mana kana kupfuura zviri pamutemo, pamwe chete nerondedzero yemhosva diki dzakatarwa. Chinyorwa 67 Sv chinobvumidzawo kusungwa kana munhu anofungidzirwa asina pekugara pakatarwa muNetherlands . Ichi ndicho chikonzero nei zvizvarwa zvekune dzimwe nyika nevanosvika munguva pfupi yapfuura vachiwanzo sungwa kupfuura vagari vari kupomerwa mhosva dzakafanana - pfungwa haisi yerudzi asi kusavapo kwekero yekuDutch yakagadziriswa.

Panofanirawo kuva nezvirambidzo zvakakomba ( ernstige bezwaren ): fungidziro yehuremu chaihwo, yakasimba zvakanyanya kupfuura fungidziro inonzwisisika inodiwa kuti isunge.

Panofanira kunge paine nzvimbo

Chinyorwa 67a Sv chinotsanangura zvikonzero; chimwe chete chinofanira kushanda.

• Njodzi yekubhururuka — njodzi yakakura yekutiza. Kubatana kune dzimwe nyika, kusavapo kwekero yeDutch uye kusavapo kwemabasa akasimba zvinonetsa pano.
• Nzvimbo iyi yemakore gumi nemaviri — mhosva iyi ine makore gumi nemaviri kana kupfuura zviri pamutemo uye Mutemo wepamutemo wakanganiswa zvikuru nazvo. Makumbo ese ari maviri anodiwa; simba rinokwevera pasi chete harina kukwana.
• Njodzi yekudzokorora — njodzi yakakura yeimwe mhosva yakakura, kunyanya mhosva yekupara mhosva kwemakore matanhatu kana kupfuura, kana imwe inoisa panjodzi kuchengetedzeka kana hutano hwevanhu kana kuchengetedzeka kweHurumende.
• Njodzi yekukanganisa kuferefeta — kusungwa kunodiwa zvine musoro kuti chokwadi chive pachena kunze kwekutaura kwemunhu ari kupomerwa mhosva. Ichi ndicho chikonzero chekubatana: kunetsekana kupindirana nezvapupu, vamwe vanhu vanofungirwa mhosva kana humbowo. Zvinopera simba sezvo kuferefeta kuri kufambira mberi, uye kazhinji ndicho chikonzero chekutanga chinopera.
• Nzvimbo yekumhanya-mhanya — kuvharirwa kwakakosha kuti nyaya yacho itongwe nekukurumidza. Zvinoda kufungirwa kweimwe yemhosva dzinotaurwa nemutemo, kusagadzikana kwevanhu kunobva mumhosva yacho, uye kutongwa mukati memazuva gumi nemanomwe nemaawa gumi nemasere ekusungwa (art. 67a Sv).

Kumiswa basa uye kubviswa kwehusungwa husati hwatanga kutongwa

Kuvharirwa hakugadziriswi kana kwangoitwa gwaro. Kune mafomu maviri anowanikwa chero padanho ripi zvaro:

• Kusimudza (opheffing, art. 69 Sv): hwaro hwepamutemo hwapera — zvipikiso zvakakomba hazvichashandi, kana kuti hapana chikonzero chiripo.
• Kusimudzirwa (schorsing, art. 80 Sv): murayiro unoramba uripo, asi munhu wacho anoenda kumba kana paine zvinodiwa. Uku ndiko kushanda kwechokwadi muzviitiko zvakawanda; bvunza gweta rako nezvazvo nekukurumidza.

Dare rinoongorora kuramba uri mujeri zvichienderana nezvido zvemunhu ari kupomerwa: basa richarasika, vana, zvidzidzo, kurapwa, rendi. Mashoko akanyorwa ane huremu hwakakura kupfuura vimbiso dzese, uye apa ndipo panobatsira mhuri - tsamba yemushandirwi, rendi, chikoro, uye kero yakanyorwa.

Mamiriro ezvinhu anowanzoiswa anosanganisira kudzoserwa pasipoti; kuzivisa kukamba yemapurisa panguva dzakatarwa; kugara panzvimbo yakatarwa; kurambidzwa kutaura nemunyunyuti, zvapupu kana vamwe vanofungidzirwa kuti vari kupomerwa mhosva; kutarisana nemagetsi; kutarisirwa kwekuchengetedzwa kwemhosva kana kurapwa; uye, kazhinji, kupa kuchengetedzwa. Hapana nzira yakajairika yekubhadhara mari yechibatiso sezvakaita muUnited States kana England neWales. Munhu anofungidzirwa kuti anotyora mutemo anogona kutarisira kudzoserwa mujeri.

Pfungwa yemazuva 104 uye kunzwa kwepro forma

Kuramba wakavharirwa hakungogumiri ipapo: mazuva makumi mapfumbamwe asati apera — mukati memazuva zana nemana kubva pakutanga kwekuvharirwa — nyaya yacho inofanira kunyorwa pamberi pedare rekutanga. Kazhinji kuferefeta hakuperi, uye chinotevera kunzwa kwepro forma : kunzwa kwechokwadi uko chinhu ichi chisingatongwe. Dare rinoongorora kufambira mberi, rinotonga zvikumbiro zvekuferefetwa kwakawedzerwa, uye rinosarudza kana kuvharirwa kuchienderera mberi, rozomira. Kutenderera uku kunodzokororwa, nesarudzo yedare pamusoro pekuvharirwa kanenge mazuva makumi mapfumbamwe ega ega. Muzviitiko zvakaoma, kunzwikwa kwepro forma kusati kwaitwa kutongwa kwechokwadi kwakajairika.

Muripo wekusungwa zvisiri pamutemo kana zvisina chikonzero

Kana nyaya yacho ikaguma pasina kupiwa mhosva kana kurangwa, aimbova musungwa anogona kukumbira muripo wenguva yaakapedza ari mujeri (art. 533 Sv). Chikumbiro chakasiyana chinovhara mari yegweta nedzimwe mari (art. 530 Sv).

Chikumbiro ichi chinofanira kuitwa mukati memwedzi mitatu kubva pakupera kwenyaya, uye chinosarudzwa nedare rakapedzisira kuibata. Hapana muripo wedare. Muripo unopihwa zvichienderana nekodzero uye haungoerekana waitika kunyangwe mushure mekusunungurwa, kunyanya kana maitiro emunhu ari kupomerwa mhosva akakonzera kufungirwa. Mari dzinoshandiswa pazuva, dzakatarwa neboka revatongi vemutemo wemhosva (LOVS) uye dzinoshandiswa nematare pasi pechikamu. 533 na534 Sv: mumutengo we€140 pazuva rega rega munzvimbo yekuchengetera vasungwa uye €115 pazuva rega rega muchitokisi chemapurisa.

Zvinogona kuitwa nenhengo yemhuri

Mumazuva ekutanga, zvishoma pane zvaunoda; kubva pakusungwa zvichienda mberi, zvakawanda.

• Kuwana shoko. Munhu akasungwa ane kodzero yekuti hama yake kana mumwe munhu wechitatu aziviswe nezvekusungwa kwake (art. 27e Sv). Kana paine zvirambidzo zvinoshanda, izvi zvinogona kungogumira pachokwadi, uye kunonoka. Kana usina kunzwa chinhu, bvunza gweta, kwete mapurisa.
• Kuvawana. Munguva yekuvharirwa nemapurisa, chiteshi chinovachengeta; kubva pakuvharirwa zvichienda mberi, jeri. DJI haavimbise kune vanofona kana munhu ane zita rake akasungwa, saka bvunza gweta.
• Kushanya. Nzvimbo yega yega inobvumidza kushanya, asi marongero akasiyana, saka tarisa mitemo yayo. Vashanyi vane makore gumi nemana zvichikwira vanofanira kuratidza zvitupa zvemifananidzo; vana vari pasi pemakore gumi nemaviri vanofanira kuperekedzwa. Kushanya kwevakaroorana vasina kutarisirwa kunogoneka chete mushure menguva yakareba, kana vanyorera kuna gavhuna. Pasi pemirau, gweta chete ndiro rinogona kushanya.
• Runhare. Musungwa ane kodzero yekufona kanenge kamwe chete pasvondo kwemaminitsi gumi, kazhinji kakawanda mukuita. Kufona kunoitwa nemusungwa, kwete kwaari, kunobhadhariswa muakaundi yake, uye kunogona kurekodhwa. Kufona negweta kunobatwa zvakasiyana.
• Post. Tsamba ndiyo nzira yakavimbika zvikuru mumavhiki ekutanga, kunyange zvazvo tsamba dzingatariswa. Nyora nhamba yekunyoresa, zita remhuri uye mabhii ekutanga pahamvuropu.
• Mari. Tumira mari kuaccount yemusungwa uchishandisa DJI Shared Service Centre, uchinyora nhamba yekunyoresa, zita remhuri uye mabhii ekutanga nenzira iyoyo — pasina ruzivo irworwo haigone kupihwa. Kubva kunze kwenyika, shandisa BIC INGBNL2A. Musungwa anogona kubata mari inosvika €250, iyo inobhadhara mafoni nekutenga muchitoro.
• Konsulati. Mugari wekune imwe nyika ane kodzero yekuti vakuru vehurumende yenyika yake vaziviswe. Makonsora haakwanise kupindira, kuwana kusunungurwa kana kubhadhara gweta, asi vanogona kushanyira, kutarisa kuti mamiriro ezvinhu akakodzera here, uye kutumira mameseji kumhuri dziri kunze kwenyika.

Kana musungwa ari mugari wekune imwe nyika

Kuvharirwa kunogona kuitika. Chikamu 67 Sv chinobvumidza kuvharirwa vasati vatongwa kana munhu anofungidzirwa kuti haana pekugara panogara muNetherlands, uye kusavapo kwekero yakagadziriswa kunowedzerawo njodzi yekutiza. Mumwe munhu pano kwemavhiki mashoma anotarisana nemukana wakakura wekuvharirwa kupfuura munhu anogara kwenguva refu achipomerwa mhosva imwe chete. Humbowo hwekero yakagadzikana yeDutch, kunyoreswa kweguta, chibvumirano chebasa uye hukama hwemhuri ndizvo zvinonyanya kutaurwa pamusoro pekusungwa.

Mutauro. Kududzirwa pakubvunzurudzwa nekunzwa nyaya, uye kududzirwa kwemagwaro akakosha, zvinopihwa neHurumende. Udza gweta nekukasika kana hama yako yakabvunzurudzwa mumutauro wavasingade.

Migumisiro yekubuda mujeri. Kuvharirwa kwevanhu vasati vatongwa hakugumisi kodzero yekugara. Kutongwa kunogona. Kana muridzi wemvumo akatongerwa mhosva, IND inogona kuramba kuvandudzwa kana kubvisa mvumo yacho nekuda kwehurongwa hweveruzhinji, ichishandisa chikero chinotsvedza chinoyera hurefu hwemutongo zvichienderana nehurefu hwekugara zviri pamutemo: kana kugara kwacho kwakareba, mutongo unofanira kuva wakanyanya kurema. Vagari vemuEU nevemhuri dzavo vane dziviriro yakasimba pasi pemutemo wekufamba wakasununguka. Munhu asina kugara zviri pamutemo anogona kunzi haafanirwe kana kurambidzwa kupinda, uye kubviswa kwake kunogona kutevera mutongo. Kuvharirwa kwevanhu vanobva mujeri inzira yakasiyana kubva mukuchengetedzwa kwemhosva, munzvimbo dzakatsaurirwa dzevasungwa. Chikero chinotsvedza tafura yezviyero muVreemdelingenbesluit 2000 uye chinogadziriswa nguva nenguva; nekuti kuratidzwa kunotenderera pane kuti mutongo unowira papi, tafura iripo inofanira kuverengwa usati wabvuma kana chibvumirano chabvumiranwa, kwete mushure memutongo.

Kana nyaya iine mhosva yemhosva uye yekubuda munyika, zvese izvi zvinofanira kufambiswa pamwe chete: mutongo unoita sewakagamuchirwa munyaya yemhosva chete unogona kuva chinhu chinoita kuti munhu arasikirwe nemvumo yekugara.