Kubiridzira paindaneti nekubiridzira paindaneti imhosva pasi pemutemo weDutch. Munhu anokubiridzira anokunyengetedza kuti upe ruzivo rwekupinda kana kutumira mari anenge aita hutsotsi pasi pechikamu 326 cheDutch Criminal Code, uye kazhinji computervredebreuk (kupinda mucomputer system isina mvumo) pasi pechikamu 138ab zvakare. Kana mari yabuda muaccount yako usina mvumo yako yechokwadi, bhangi rako rinofanira kuidzosera mari pasi pechikamu 7:528 cheDutch Civil Code, kunze kwekunge richiratidza kuti wakaita hutsotsi kana nekusangwarira kukuru. Kukurumidza kunokosha: taura nezvechiitiko ichi kubhangi rako uye nyora mushumo wemapurisa nekukurumidza paunongozviona.
Chii chinonzi phishing pasi pemutemo weDutch
Phishing inzira yekunyengera apo tsotsi rinozviita sangano raunovimba naro - bhangi, mupi wemari yekubhadhara, kambani yekutumira zvinhu, Belastingdienst - kuti uwane zvitupa zvekupinda, ruzivo rwekadhi rekubhadhara, kodhi yekusimbisa kana siginecha muapp yebhangi. Nzira yacho inosiyana: email, meseji yeSMS (smishing), runhare kubva kune mumwe munhu anoti anobva kubhangi rekubiridzira (vishing), meseji paWhatsApp kana LinkedIn, kana webhusaiti yakatorwa kubva kuseri kwemhedzisiro yekutsvaga inotsigirwa.
Mutemo wemhosva wekuDutch haushandisi izwi rekuti phishing. Chinoranga maitiro ari shure kwayo. Kuzvipa sebhangi kuti munhu aendese mari kana data kuri kukanganiswa pasi pechinyorwa 326 cheWetboek van Strafrecht. Kupinda muakaundi ine zvitupa zvakawanikwa nenzira iyoyo icomputervredebreuk pasi pechinyorwa 138ab. Kushandisa data remumwe munhu kukonzera kukuvara kana kuwana mukana kunorangwa pasi pechinyorwa 231b, kugadzira magwaro ekunyepera kana rekodhi yedhijitari kunowira pasi pechinyorwa 225, uye kushandisa makadhi ekubhadhara zvisirizvo kana data riri shure kwawo kunowira pasi pechinyorwa 232. Kana kurwiswa kuchiguma nemafaira akavharidzirwa uye kudiwa kwerudzikinuro, chinyorwa 350a (kuchinja kana kuparadza data) uye chinyorwa 317 (kubiridzira) zvinotanga kushanda.
Chii chinonzi hutsotsi hwepaindaneti
Kubiridzira paindaneti ndicho chikamu chakakura: chero hunyengeri hunoitwa kuburikidza nechiteshi chepamhepo. Hunosanganisira mawebhusaiti anotora mari asingatumirwe, zvinyorwa zvekurenda zvenhema, hunyengeri hwekudyara hwakavakirwa pa cryptocurrency, hunyengeri hwe invoice umo ruzivo rwebhangi remutengesi runochinjwa chinyararire, uye hunyengeri hwe CEO umo mushandi wezvemari anogamuchira murairo wekubhadhara nekukurumidza unoita seunobva kumukuru. Zviri pamutemo izvi zvese zvinoenderera nechikamu chimwe chete, chidimbu 326 cheCriminal Code, nekuti chikuru chakafanana: chiito chekunyengera chinoita kuti mumwe munhu abvise mari, zvinhu kana data.
Musiyano uripo pakati pephishing neboka rakakura ndipo panobuda kurasikirwa. Munyaya yephishing, mari inowanzosiya account yekubhadhara, izvo zvinoita kuti mitemo yebasa rekubhadhara iri muBhuku 7 reCivil Code ishande. Muwebhu shop kana mukunyepedzera kwekudyara mari, munhu anenge abatwa anotumira mari yacho pachake, izvo zvinoita kuti kudzoserwa kwemari kuve nyaya yemhosva yemutsotsi uye, dzimwe nguva, papuratifomu kana kubhangi rakagamuchira mari yacho.
Maitiro ekuziva meseji yephishing
Mameseji emazuva ano ephishing akanyorwa zvakanaka uye anowanzo shandiswa nemunhu, saka zano rekare pamusoro pekukanganisa kwezviperengo harichakwani. Zviratidzo zvitatu zvinoramba zvakavimbika. Meseji iyi inogadzira nguva inomanikidzwa, ichikuudza kuti account yavharwa kana kuti muripo uchadzoserwa shure kana ukaita chimwe chinhu izvozvi. Inokubvisa kubva kune nzira dzaunowanzo shandisa, ichikukumbira kuti udzvanye link kana kufonera nhamba pane kuvhura yako yega banking app. Uye inokumbira chimwe chinhu chisingambokumbirwe nebhangi: kodhi yekusimbisa, siginecha mu banking app yako yekutengeserana kwausina kutanga, kana mvumo yesoftware yekusvika kure pamudziyo wako.
Kumasangano, pfungwa imwe cheteyo inoshandawo pamirairo yekubhadhara. Mutengesi anochinja ruzivo rwake rwebhangi neemail, director anokumbira kuti atumirwe mari nekukurumidza kunze kwekambani yekubvumidza, kana invoice inosvika nguva pfupi kupfuura yaitarisirwa zvese zvinoda kuti ufonerwe zvakare panhamba yawakanga watove nayo, kwete yakapihwa mumeseji.
Kudzoserwa mari yako kubva kubhangi
Kubhadhara kwakaitwa nemutengi pasina mvumo kwakaitwa nekutengeserana kusina mvumo mukati mechirevo chechikamu 7:522 ndima 2 cheDutch Civil Code. Chikamu 7:528 ndima 1 chinomanikidza mupi webasa rekubhadhara kuti adzorere mari yacho nekukasika uye adzorere account yacho mumamiriro ayo angadai ari. Nemamwe mashoko, bhangi ndiro rinobhadhara kurasikirwa kwacho.
Chisimbiso chiri muchikamu 7:529 ndima 1: bhangi harifanirwe kudzosera mari kana muridzi weakaundi akaita zveunyengeri, kana nemaune kana nekusangwarira kukuru akatadza kuita mabasa ari muchikamu 7:524, ayo anoda kuti chishandiso chekubhadhara chishandiswe zvinoenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu anoshanda uye matanho ekuchengetedza. Kusateerera kwakanyanya kunokosha uye kunotongwa nemamiriro ese ezvinhu, kwete nekuda kwekurasikirwa chete. Chikamu 7:529 ndima 3 chinowedzera dziviriro: apo bhangi risina kushandisa kusimbiswa kwakasimba kwevatengi, muripi haafanire kurasikirwa zvachose.
Kana bhangi rikaramba, mutengi anogona kuendesa gakava kuKlachteninstituut Financiele Dienstverlening (Kifid) mushure mekupedza maitiro emukati mebhangi ekunyunyuta, kana kuunza chikumbiro kudare redzimhosva. Vane maakaundi ebhizinesi vanogara kunze kwezvidziviriro zvakawanda zvevatengi uye vanonyanya kuvimba nechibvumirano nebhangi uye nemitemo yemhosva, izvo zvinoita kuti kudzora kwemukati mekambani kuve kwakakosha zvakanyanya.
Kukumbira muripo kubva kumunyengeri kana sangano risina hanya
Kana munhu akapara mhosva akaonekwa, kurasikirwa kwacho kunogona kudzoserwa sechiito chisiri pamutemo pasi pechikamu 6:162 cheMutemo weVanhu. Mukuita izvi zvinowanzoitika mukati menyaya yemhosva: munhu akakuvadzwa anogona kupinda mukutongwa kwemhosva semunhu akakuvara (benadeelde partij) pasi pechikamu 51f cheMutemo weMaitiro eVatongi veMatsotsi uye kukumbira dare remhosva kuti ripe muripo, izvo zvakachipa uye nekukurumidza pane chikumbiro chevanhu chakasiyana. Dare rinongobata chikumbiro chisingaise mutoro wakawandisa pakutongwa kwemhosva, saka kurasikirwa kwacho kunofanira kunyorwa uye kuve nyore kuverenga.
Nzira yechipiri ndeyekukumbira kusangano risina kuchengetedzeka kwakasimba kwakaita kuti kubiridzira kuitike - mushandirwi ane bhokisi retsamba rakakanganiswa, puratifomu yaibvumira mutengesi kushanda pasina kusimbiswa, processor yakaburitsa data revatengi. Chikumbiro ichocho chinoshandawo muchinyorwa 6:162, uye mwero unoshandiswa ndiwo waifanira kuitwa nesangano rakangwarira tichifunga nezvehunyanzvi hwepamusoro uye kunzwisiswa kwedata. Kodzero dzevanobatwa nekurwiswa kwemakombiyuta dzinoratidza kuti mitero yekuzivisa, muripo uye inishuwarenzi zvinoshanda sei munyaya idzodzo. Humbowo kazhinji chikamu chakaoma; chinyorwa chedu chekuti ungaratidza sei kunyengedzwa kwedhijitari chinotaura nezvehumbowo hune huremu.
Zvinodiwa neGDPR kumasangano akabatwa nephishing
Kurwiswa kwekambani nephishing kunobudirira kunowanzoita kuti pave nekutyorwa kwedata remunhu. Chinyorwa 32 cheGDPR chinoda kuti vatongi nevagadziri vatore matanho akakodzera ekuchengetedza tekinoroji uye sangano, uye Chinyorwa 33 chinoda kuti kutyorwa kwedata kushumwe kuAutoriteit Persoonsgegevens pasina kunonoka uye kana zvichibvira mukati memaawa makumi manomwe nemaviri ekuzviziva, kunze kwekunge zvisingaite kuti pave nenjodzi kuvanhu vane chekuita nazvo. Kana njodzi kuvanhu ivavo yakakura, Chinyorwa 34 chinowedzera basa rekuvazivisa zvakananga.
Vane simba rekutarisira havanyanyi kutarisa chokwadi chekuti kurwiswa kwakabudirira asi pane zvakatangira: kana kusimbiswa kwezvinhu zvakawanda kwaivepo, kana kodzero dzekuwana ruzivo dzakaganhurirwa kune zvaidiwa nevashandi, kana kunyora magwaro kwakabvumira chiitiko ichi kugadziriswazve, uye kana vashandi vakadzidziswa. Sangano rinogona kuratidza mamiriro ekuchengetedza anofungidzirwa uye mhinduro yakanyorwa riri munzvimbo yakasimba kupfuura iro rinotanga kunyora zvinhu mushure mechiitiko. Ndiani ane mhosva mushure mekutyorwa kwedata anoshandisa nzira iyo mutoro wacho unogoverwa.
Kushuma mabasa pasi peCyberbeveiligingswet
Kubva musi wa15 Nyamavhuvhu 2026, Cyberbeveiligingswet, iyo inoshandisa NIS2 Directive muNetherlands, inoshanda pamwe chete neGDPR. Masangano ari mukati mebasa rayo anofanirwa kunyoresa neNationalaal Cyber Security Centrum, kutora matanho ekuchengetedza njodzi, kuchengetedza zvinhu uye kubata zviitiko, uye kushuma zviitiko zvakakosha kaviri: yambiro yekutanga mukati memaawa makumi maviri nemana uye chiziviso chakazara mukati memaawa makumi manomwe nemaviri. Vatungamiriri vanogona kutarisirwa pachavo kuti vatevedzere basa rekutarisira.
Hutongi hwese uhwu hunopindirana asi hahuna kufanana. Chiitiko chephishing chinokanganisa bhokisi retsamba chinogona kukonzera chiziviso cheGDPR kuAutoriteit Persoonsgegevens uye mushumo wezviitiko zvakasiyana pasi peCyberbeveiligingswet, panguva dzakasiyana uye kune vane masimba vakasiyana. Kugadzirira pachine nguva kuti ndeipi hurongwa hunoshanda kusangano renyu, uye kuti ndiani anofona na3:00 mangwanani. Gwaro redu rebasa rekunyora nezvekuchengetedzwa kwedata repaindaneti rinoisa nguva dzekupedzisira padivi nepadivi.
Nyaya dzemumiganhu uye kuti humbowo hunowanikwa sei
Mabasa ekutsvaga ruzivo rwenhema haawanzo kuitirwa munyika imwe chete. Mabasa ekutumira zvinhu ari munzvimbo imwe chete, munhu akabatwa ari mune imwe, mari iri munzvimbo yechitatu uye nzvimbo yakachengetwa muchikamu chechina. Dare rekutonga mhosva reDutch rinowedzera kumhosva dzakaitwa munharaunda yeDutch, uye mhosva yakanangana nemunhu akabatwa muNetherlands inowanzoonekwa seyakaitwa pano, saka kubvunzana nemapurisa eDutch ndiyo nzvimbo chaiyo yekutanga kunyangwe munhu wacho ari kunze kwenyika.
Kuwana humbowo kubva kune imwe nyika kunofamba nenzira dzakatarwa. MuEuropean Union, European Investigation Order inobvumira muchuchisi wekuDutch kana mutongi ari kuferefeta kukumbira data, ruzivo rweakaundi kana kumisa mari kubva kune imwe nyika iri nhengo. Kunze kweEU, Council of Europe Convention on Cybercrime, yakagumiswa muBudapest muna 2001, inopa kuchengetedzwa nekukurumidza kwedata remakombiyuta rakachengetwa uye kubatsirana pakati penyika dzakasaina. Europol neInterpol vanoronga mashandiro asi ivo pachavo havapomerwi mhosva; nyaya yacho inoramba iri pasi pesimba renyika rinotonga nyaya iyi.
Kune munhu akakuvadzwa izvi zvine mhedzisiro inoshanda. Kudzoserwa kwemari kunowanzoenderana nekuti bhangi rinogamuchira mari rinogona kuziviswa nekukurumidza sei, nekuti mari inofambiswa kuburikidza neakaundi yemanyuru inoparadzirwa mukati memaawa mashoma. Kuzivisa kubhangi rako nekukasika, kuitira kuti rikwanise kuedza kudzoserwa mari, kunogona kuunza mhedzisiro kupfuura chero danho repamutemo rinotevera.
Kudzivirira phishing uye hutsotsi hwepaindaneti musangano rako
Kudzivirira kunonyanya kukosha kubvisa poindi imwe chete yekukundikana pane kutenga software. Kusimbiswa kwezvinhu zvakawanda paaccount yega yega inogona kusvika kudata rekambani, mapassword akasiyana ari mumaneja wepassword, uye kuchinjisa zvishandiso nekukurumidza nesoftware zvinobvisa kurwiswa kwakawanda kwezvipingamupinyi. Kubiridzira pakubhadhara kunoda kudzora kwakasiyana: mutemo wakasimba wekuti shanduko kumashoko ebhangi remutengesi dzinosimbiswa nefoni panhamba yaimbozivikanwa, uye kuti hapana munhu mumwe chete anogona kugadzira nekuburitsa muripo.
Kudzidziswa kunovhara mukaha wasara, chero bedzi uchidzokororwa uye uri wechokwadi. Vashandi vakaona meseji inonyengetedza yephishing vanoziva chaiyo; vashandi vakangoverenga mutemo havawanzodaro. Chekupedzisira, sarudza pachine nguva zvinoitika muawa yekutanga mushure mechiitiko: ndiani anoparadzanisa account, ndiani anochengetedza magwaro, ndiani anotaura nebhangi, uye ndiani anoongorora kana basa rekuzivisa raitwa. Rondedzero iyoyo yesarudzo inokosha pazuva kupfuura chero huwandu hwekuongorora mushure mechiitiko.
Zvekuita kana wakabatwa chibharo
Ita izvi nenzira iyi. Bata bhangi rako uchishandisa nhamba yaro yepamutemo yekubiridzira uye kumbira kuti kutengeserana kwacho kuvharwe kana kudzoserwa shure. Chinja humbowo hweakaundi yakakanganiswa uye chero imwe account uchishandisa password imwechete. Chengetedza zvese: meseji yekutanga ine misoro yayo, mapikicha, mareferensi ekutengeserana uye nguva dzawakaona nhanho yega yega. Isa mushumo wemapurisa, unodiwa kune akawanda mareferensi einishuwarenzi uye ndiwo hwaro hwechero chikumbiro chinotevera semunhu akakuvara. Kana data remunhu revamwe raburitswa pachena, ongorora mabasa ekuzivisa pasi peGDPR uye, pazvinoshanda, Cyberbeveiligingswet isati yatanga kuruma nguva yakatarwa.
Law & More inopa mazano kune vakabatwa nehutsotsi hwe phishing neinternet kuti vawane mari kubva kumabhanga, mapuratifomu nevanopara mhosva, uye inopa mazano kumakambani nezvezvisungo zvekuchengetedza, zviziviso zvekutyora mutemo uye mutoro mushure mechiitiko. Tinoongorora chinzvimbo chako, tinobata nebhangi kana chiremera chekutarisira panzvimbo yako, uye tinotora matanho aripo nenzira yakakodzera. Taura nemagweta edu kuti mukurukure mamiriro ako ezvinhu. Zvimwe zviri kuunganidzwa mudura redu Magwaro emutemo weDutch IT.
