Gweta reDutch uye kuchinjirwa kwepfuma zviri pamutemo: gwara revatengi vekunze kwenyika

Kana uri kutenga imba muNetherlands , haugone kudzivirira magweta . Mutemo weDutch haubvumidze muridzi wepfuma kuchinjana maoko pachivande: kuchinjisa kunofanirwa kuitwa negweta remutemo weDutch uye kunyoreswa mumarejista everuzhinji. Kune vatengi vanobva kunyika uko divi rega rega rekutengesa rinodzidzisa gweta raro, ichi ndicho chikamu chisingazivikanwe zvakanyanya chemaitiro acho, uye ndiko kunoitika kusanzwisisana kunodhura zvakanyanya.

Chii chinonzi gweta remutemo wehurumende reDutch

Mumiriri weDutch haasi gweta guru rine chitambi. Hofisi iyi ndeyeveruzhinji: mumiriri weDutch anogadzwa nemutemo wehumambo, uyo unogadzirisawo nzvimbo yekushanda (art. 3 Wna, Wet op het notarisambt), uye ane simba rekuita mabasa echokwadi kana mutemo uchida izvozvo kana bato richikumbira (art. 2 Wna). Magwaro akadaro ane humbowo hwakakosha uye anogona kusimbiswa pasina kutongwa nedare.

Migumisiro miviri inokosha:

• Gweta rine basa rekuita chimwe chinhu. Gweta rinofanira kuita basa rinopihwa nemutemo kana kuti rinokumbirwa nebato, zvichienderana nezvisizvo zvishoma (art. 21 Wna).
• Gweta harisi kudivi remunhu. Gweta rinoita basa iri rakazvimiririra uye rinoshandira zvinodiwa ne zvose mapato ari muchiito chemutemo, asina rusaruro uye nekungwarira kukuru (art. 17 Wna).

Kusiyana kwakaita gweta regweta negweta remunyika yako

MuEngland, Ireland, United States nedzimwe nyika dzakawanda, divi rega rega rekutengeserana rinodzidzisa gweta raro rezvematongerwo enyika. Gweta reDutch rakasiyana: mushandi wehurumende mumwe chete, asina kwaakarerekera anoshanda mubasa iri kwete bato. "Gweta rehurumende" rekune dzimwe nyika, uyo munyika dzakawanda anongoona masaina, ane chinzvimbo chakamanikana uye haabatsiri kuenzanisa.

Gweta rinoongorora magwaro ekutenga, rinogadzirira uye rinotsanangudza magwaro ekutenga, rinochengeta mari uye rinonyoresa kutumirwa kwemari — asi harizotaurirane nemutengo , harizotauri kana chibvumirano chacho chakanaka, kana kuti harizomiriri iwe kana paine gakava.

Basa rekuzivisa, uye miganhu yaro

Kusasarura pasi pechinyorwa. 17 Wna yakabatana nebasa rekuzivisa: notari anofanira kuva nechokwadi chekuti bato rega rega rinonzwisisa zviri kuitwa negwaro iri uye njodzi dziripo asati asaina — basa rinozivikanwa mutsika dzechiGerman-Dutch seBelehrungspflicht . Kana bato risina simba, risina ruzivo rwakawanda kana risingataure mutauro, basa iroro rinova rakaoma, uye notari anosaina achiziva kuti mutengi haana kunzwisisa nyaya yacho anozviisa panjodzi yekurangwa uye mutoro.

Asi kuzivisa mativi ese hakusi kutsigira. Kana mutengi nemutengesi vachipesana zvechokwadi - pamusoro pezvikanganiso zvinowanikwa vasati vapedza, kumanikidzwa kwekuchinja zuva, kana zvinoreva mamiriro ezvinhu - gweta rinoramba riri pakati. Ndipo chaipo apo mutengi anoda mumwe munhu ane basa chete kumutengi.

Nguva yekuudza gweta rako zvakare

• Chibvumirano hachina mwero, kana kuti mutengesi mugadziri wezvinhu kana kuti mudyari wezvinhu achishandisa mitemo yake.
• Uri kutenga pakutengesa zvinhu, kubva kune imwe imba kana kambani, kana kubva kumutengesi ari mumatambudziko emari.
• Imba iyi inosanganisira rendi yepasi (erfpacht), runyorwa rwezviyeuchidzo kana nzvimbo isina kujairika yekuchengetera zvinhu.
• Pane gakava pamusoro pezvikanganiso, mari yakaiswa mubhangi, zvirango kana mazuva, kana munhu anogona kukwereta mari yacho.
• Kutenga kwacho kunobata mamiriro ekugara kwako, kurambana, hurongwa hwepfuma yewanano kana nhaka yemuno.

Zvinhu zviviri izvi zvinozadzisa zvinodiwa: gweta rinoita kuti chibvumirano chiendeswe kune mumwe munhu, gweta rako rinova nechokwadi chekuti chibvumirano chauri kuda kuita ndechako.

Matanho maviri: chisungo uye kutamiswa

Iyi ndiyo pfungwa inonyanya kukosha mumutemo wepfuma weDutch : inoparadzanisa chisungo chekutamisa kubva pakutamisa pachako . Kutamisa kwakakodzera kunoda zita repamutemo, munhu ane kodzero yekurasa pfuma, uye chiito chepamutemo chekuunza (art. 3:84 BW). Kutamisa pfuma iyoyo igwaro rinoitwa pamberi pegweta remutemo wehurumende weDutch, richiteverwa nekunyoreswa kwegwaro iroro mumarejista eruzhinji (art. 3:89 BW).

Koopovereenkomst , inowanzonzi chibvumirano chekutenga "chenguva pfupi", saka inoita kuti pave nechisungo chekutenga nekutengesa. Hazvikuiti muridzi . "Chenguva pfupi" chinotsausa: kana nguva yekudzikamisa yapera, chinokusunga zvachose. Muridzi anongopfuura chete kana gwaro rekutumira ranyoreswa.

Kubva pane zvinopihwa kusvika pakunyoresa

Zvinodiwa pakunyora uye nguva yekudzikamisa muviri

Kana mutengi ari munhuwo zvake asiri kuita basa rake kana bhizinesi, uye imba yacho iri yekugara, kutenga kwacho kunofanira kuitwa nekunyora (art. 7:2 BW). Kubatana maoko, email kana WhatsApp hazvisungi mutengi.

Mutemo mumwe chete uyu unopa mutengi anotenga imba nguva yekudzikamisa imba kwemazuva matatu. Unotanga zuva rinotevera mushure mekunge wagamuchira chibvumirano chakasainwa, hapana chikonzero chekupihwa, uye hapana muripo unobhadharwa. Unofanira kusanganisira mazuva maviri asiri Mugovera, Svondo kana zororo revanhu; kana zvisiri, unowedzerwa. Kodzero ndedzemutengi chete, uye wachi inobva parisiti - saka chengeta humbowo hwekuti chibvumirano chasvika riini kwauri.

Dhipoziti kana garandi yebhangi

Chibvumirano chekutenga chemhando yepamusoro chinoda kuti mutengi ape chibatiso: kungave mari yedhipoziti ( waarborgsom ) yakabhadharwa muakaundi yechitatu yemumiriri webhangi, kana garandi yebhangi ( bankgarantie ) kubva kubhangi rakavambwa muNetherlands. Muchibvumirano chekutenga chemhando yepamusoro cheNVM, VBO, VastgoedPRO naVereniging Eigen Huis, mari yacho yakatarwa pa10% yemutengo wekutenga, unofanirwa kubhadharwa mavhiki mashoma usati wapera. Modhi iyi inewo chirango chemari: mutengi anokundikana kupedzisa anowanzova nechikwereti chakaenzana nedhipoziti. Enzanisa chero mamiriro emari nehurongwa hwemortgage yako.

Kuferefeta zita remunhu uye kutsvaga kweKadaster

Kadaster inochengetedza marejista everuzhinji achinyora chokwadi chine chekuita nemamiriro epamutemo epfuma yakanyoreswa (art. 3:16 BW), uye zviito zvine chekuita nemamiriro iwayo zvinonyoreswa (art. 3:17 BW). Izvi ndizvo zvinoita kuti kutengesa kweDutch kuve kwakachengeteka: chokwadi chinonyoreswa chisina kunyoreswa kana kutenga kwako kwanyoreswa kazhinji hachigone kupomerwa mhosva kunze kwekunge waiziva nezvazvo (art. 3:24 BW).

Gweta rinowanzo tarisa:

• zita remutengesi uye ketani yemagwaro ekare;
• zvikwereti zvemba zviripo, izvo zvinofanira kudzikinurwa uye kusunungurwa kana zvapera;
• zvisungo uye kubatwa nepfungwa (beslagen) pamusoro pemutengesi kana pfuma;
• zvibvumirano zverubatsiro, dzimwe kodzero chaidzo, uye zvisungo zvemhando yepamusoro kana cheni;
• rendi yepasi (erfpacht): rendi yepasi, mazuva ekuongorora uye kuguma kwetemu;
• mitemo yeruzhinji, yakaita semamiriro ezvinhu echirangaridzo kana sarudzo dzekumanikidza maguta;
• gwaro remutemo wechikamu nesangano revaridzi, uko imba yacho iri furati;
• kuzivikanwa, kugona uye mamiriro ekuroorana kwevaviri vari vaviri.

Zvakakoshawo pane zvisingatariswe nemugoveri : kwete mamiriro echivako, nzvimbo yeuriri, hunyoro, asbestos kana nheyo, kana kuti kuwedzera kwacho kwakabvumidzwa here kunze kwekunge kwaonekwa mumarejista, kana kukosha kwacho. Kutevedzera mitemo nekuronga ibasa rako, kuti zvigadziriswe chibvumirano chisati chasainwa kana kufukidzwa nechisungo.

Akaunti yechitatu uye kuti mari yacho inofamba sei

Mugoveri anofanira kuchengetedza imwe kana kupfuura maakaundi akakosha muzita remugoveri pachake, achiratidza simba iroro, rakagadzirirwa mari inochengeterwa vamwe chete (art. 25 Wna). Uku ndiko kusarudzwa kwemari . Mari yacho yakavharirwa: haisi yemugoveri uye haisvikiki kune vanokweretesa mugoveri. Ndosaka kupedzisa kweDutch kwakachengeteka pasina vamiririri ve escrow kana mabasa pakati pemagweta anopikisa.

• Gweta rinoburitsa gwaro remaakaundi (nota van afrekening) inofukidza mutengo, mutero wekutamisa, muripo, mari yekunyoresa, migove yemari yebasa nemitero yemuno, uye mari inoiswa mudhipoziti.
• Unotamisa mari yasara muakaundi yakacheneswa kubva kuakaundi iri muzita rako, kazhinji pazuva rekushanda risati rapera; mukweretesi wako anobhadhara chikwereti kuakaundi imwe chete. Pasina mari yakacheneswa, gwaro rechikwereti harisainwi.
• Mushure mekusaina, kunyoresa uye kutsvaga kwekupedzisira, gweta rinodzosa mortgage yemutengesi, robhadhara mutengesi uye robvisa mutero wekutamisa.

Mutengesi anobhadharwa kwete panguva yekusaina asi kana notari angosimbisa kuti kutumirwa kwemari kwanyoreswa uye pasina chibatiso kana chikwereti chitsva chapindira. Musiyano iwoyo ndiwo unokudzivirira.

Magwaro ebasa, kusaina uye mutauro

Kana wapedza, unowanzo saina magwaro maviri ekunyora: gwaro rekutumira ( akte van levering kana transportakte ), kuendesa kunodiwa nechikamu 3:89 BW, uye, kana uri kukwereta, gwaro rechikwereti ( hypotheekakte ) rinogadzira kodzero yekuchengetedza yemukweretesi wako, iyo inosimbiswawo negwaro rekunyora (chikamu 3:260 BW) uye inotanga kuwanikwa pakunyoreswa mumarejista everuzhinji (chikamu 3:89 BW). Kugadzwa kunotora kusvika awa. Notari asati asaina, anotarisa magwaro, anotsanangura zviri mukati mawo nemigumisiro yawo, uye anopindura mibvunzo. Uya nemagwaro ekutanga ekuzvizivisa; makopi haagamuchirwi.

Chibvumirano cheDutch notarial chakanyorwa muchiDutch: art. 42 Wna ne art. 43 Wna inoda kuti chibvumirano chiitwe mumutauro iwoyo. Kana munhu aripo asina ruzivo rwakakwana rwechiDutch, rubatsiro rwemuturikiri akapika anobva kurejista yevaturikiri nevashanduri vakapika (Rbtv) nekushandurwa kwechinyorwa zvinosungirwa, uye chibvumirano chinonyora kuti izvi zvakaitwa. Muchokwadi, mahofisi ane ruzivo nevatengi vekunze kwenyika anopa shanduro yeChirungu yemadhirowa pachine nguva uye anoronga muturikiri. Kumbira madhirowa mazuva akati wandei ari mberi. Rugwaro rwechiDutch ndirwo runoshanda.

Kusaina nesimba regweta

Hamufanirwe kunge muri muNetherlands. Zvakajairika kupa simba remugweta ( volmacht ) rinobvumidza mushandi wehofisi yemugweta kuti asayine. Simba remugweta pacharo rinowanzo fanira kusainwa pamberi pemugweta — muNetherlands, kana kunze kwenyika nekubvumidzwa pamutemo kana apostille, kazhinji neshanduro yakasimbiswa. Rongai mavhiki ari mberi; kuzivikanwa pasi pemitemo yekuchenesa mari kuchiri kushanda.

Kunyoresa, uye nguva iyo muridzi weimba anopera

Mushure mekusaina, notary anoendesa gwaro iri kumarejista everuzhinji anochengetwa neKadaster, kazhinji pazuva rimwe chete; rinozogadziriswa kuita Basisregistratie Kadaster, iyo inowanzo tora mazuva mashoma ekushanda. Kadaster inobhadharisa mari yakatarwa pagwaro rega rega rinotumirwa; mari idzodzo dzinoiswa gore rega rega neKadaster mumutemo wayo wemitero uye dzinoburitswa muStaatscourant, saka bvunzai nhamba iripo mukotesheni yenyu.

Muridzi anonyoresa, kwete nekusaina (art. 3:89 BW). Kunyoresa kunotanga kushanda kubva panguva chaiyo iyo gwaro rinopihwa kuKadaster (art. 3:19 BW), ndosaka nguva iri pakati pekusaina nekunyoresa ichichengetwa iri pfupi. Mugoveri anobva aita tsvakurudzo yekupedzisira asati aburitsa mari.

Mari, uye kuti ndiani anosarudza gweta

Dzimba dziripo dzinowanzo tengeswa kosten koper — “mari yemutengi”: mutengi anobhadhara mutero wekutamisa uye mari yedhiri rekutamisa. Nekuti mutengi anobhadhara, mutengi anowanzo sarudza notary. Usango gamuchira mazano emumiriri anotengesa.

Mari dzenotari hadzina kugadzwa nemutemo uye dzinosiyana pakati pemahofisi, saka tora makotesheni akanyorwa woenzanisa akafanana neaya akafanana. Kotesheni inofanira kutaura zvakasiyana mari yedhidhi yekuchinjisa imba nedhidhidhi yemortgage, mari yekunyoresa Kadaster, mari yekutsvaga, uye chero muripo wekushandura, muturikiri kana simba regweta. Mutero wekutumira ( overdrachtsbelasting ) wakasiyana uye unobhadharwa kune vane masimba emitero. Mitengo iri muWet op belastingen van rechtsverkeer uye inogadziriswa kuburikidza neBelastingplan yegore negore: mutengo wakaderedzwa wemutengi anogara muimba senzvimbo huru yekugara, kusunungurwa kamwe chete kwevatengi vechidiki vanokodzera mukati memuganho wemutengo unoverengerwa gore rega rega, mutengo wakakwira weimba iyo mutengi asingazogara, uye mutengo wakasiyana weimba isiri yekugara. Belastingdienst inoburitsa mitengo nemuganho wemutengo wezvino; tarisa gore raunopedzisa, uye ona chinyorwa chedu pamusoro pemutero wekutumira imba nemari yemutengi.

Kana mutengesi ari mudambudziko remari

Kana mutengesi aine zvikwereti zvakawandisa kana kuti ari kuenda kubhuroka, musiyano uripo pakati pechibvumirano nekuchinjisa zvinhu unova nengozi: mukweretesi anogona kunyoresa chibvumirano, kana kuti mutengesi anogona kuziviswa kuti abhuroka, gwaro rako risati ranyoreswa - zvichikusiya uine chikumbiro pamusoro pemutengesi asina mari pane imba.

Mutemo weDutch unopa dziviriro chaiyo: kutenga pachako kunogona kunyoreswa mumarejista everuzhinji (art. 7:3 BW), danho rinowanzonzi Vormerkung . Kana zvangonyoreswa, zvimwe zviitiko zvinotevera - kusanganisira zvinobatanidzwa uye kubhuroka kwemutengesi - hazvigone kukumbirwa kwauri kwenguva yakaganhurirwa yemutemo, chero bedzi kutamiswa kwacho kuchitevera mukati mazvo. Hazviitiki otomatiki: notary anofanira kuzvironga, zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu nenguva. Kana kutsvaga kukaratidza chinobatanidzwa kana mortgage inopfuura mutengo, tora zano rakasiyana nekukurumidza.

Mitemo yekuchenesa mari, kuzivikanwa uye kushuma

Izvi zvinonyanya kushamisa vatengi vekune dzimwe nyika. Vanyori vemagwaro vanowira pasi pemutemo wekuNetherlands wekurwisa kubiwa kwemari, Wwft (art. 1a Wwft), uye vanofanirwa kuita ongororo yemutengi (art. 3 Wwft): kugadza nekusimbisa hunhu hwako, kuziva muridzi wekambani anobatsira zvikuru, kusimbisa chinangwa uye hunhu hwehukama, uye kutarisa kutengeserana nguva dzose.

Muchokwadi, gweta rinosimbirira pamagwaro ekutanga ezvitupa uye rinobvunza mibvunzo inogona kuita seyakanganisa: mari yacho inobva kupi, kuti wakaiunganidza sei, nei mari ichibva kunyika kana account yakati, uye kuti ndiani anodzora kambani yekutenga. Tarisira kupa magwaro ekubhangi, humbowo hwekutengeswa kwepfuma, gwaro rechipo kana gwaro rebasa. Mari inobva kune mumwe munhu wechitatu, kubva kunze kweEU, kana nenzira isina kutsanangurwa inokwezva kuongororwa uye inononoka kupedzwa.

Mugoveri ane basa repamutemo rekuzivisa kutengeserana kusingawanzoitiki kuFIU-Nederland, iyo Dutch Financial Intelligence Unit (art. 16 Wwft). Mugoveri haafanire kukuudza kuti mushumo waitwa. Hapana chimwe cheizvi chiri chemunhu kana kuti chinogona kutaurirana: ipa mugoveri nhoroondo yakanyorwa yemari yako pakutanga uye maitiro acho achafamba zvakanaka.

chii Law & More Unogona kuita

Gweta rinoita basa rekutumira mari; isu tinochengeta chinzvimbo chako mariri. Law & More vanoongorora chibvumirano chekutenga musati masaina kana kuti nguva yekudzikamisa isati yapera, vanoongorora mamiriro emari neongororo, dhipoziti uye chirango, uye vanopa mazano pamusoro pekuti rendi yepasi, sangano revaridzi, runyorwa rwezviyeuchidzo kana mutengesi ari mumatambudziko emari zvinoomesa zvinhu. Tinoitawo kana zvikanganiso, kunonoka kana kukundikana kwekupedzisa zvinhu zvikava gakava. Kana muri kutenga muNetherlands uye muchida kuti magwaro averengwe negweta rinomiririra imi chete, taurai nesu.