Chisungo chisina kukwikwidzana muchibvumirano chenguva pfupi: chinoshanda riini

Chisungo chisingakwikwidzi ( concurrentiebeding ) muchibvumirano chebasa chenguva yakatarwa chinotenderwa pasi pemutemo weDutch, asi chete pachinzvimbo chisingashande kumakondirakiti echigarire: chikamu 7:653 ndima 2 yeDutch Civil Code inoda kuti mushandirwi anyore, muchikamu chacho pachacho, zvido zvebhizinesi zvinomanikidza ( zwaarwegende bedrijfsbelangen ) zvinoita kuti muganho uyu udiwe. Pasina chikonzero chakanyorwa, chikamu ichi hachina basa, uye hapana tsananguro yeramangwana inochigadzirisa.

Mutemo mumwe chete iwoyo unosarudza gakava rakawanda pamusoro pezvikamu zvisingakwikwidzane mumakondirakiti echinguvana. Kubva musi wa1 Ndira 2015, paramende yave ichitora chikamu chakadaro sechinhu chisina kusarudzwa pane kungoonekwa sechinowanzoitwa, nechikonzero chekuti mushandi anopiwa mwedzi mishoma chete yekuchengetedzeka haafanire kugamuchira muganho unogara kwenguva refu kupfuura chibvumirano. Chinyorwa ichi chinotsanangura kuti musiyano unoshanda riini, kuti matare anouedza sei, chii chinoitika pakuvandudzwa, uye zvinogona kuitwa nevashandirwi nevashandi nezvazvo. Kuti uwane mitemo inoshanda kune yega yega isina kusarudzwa, ona chinyorwa chedu chikuru pamusoro pechikamu chisina kusarudzwa.

Kana chikamu chisingakwikwidzi chichishanda muchibvumirano chenguva yakatarwa

Chinyorwa 7:653 BW chinotsanangura zvikamu zvitatu zvezvinodiwa, uye chikamu chiri muchibvumirano chenguva pfupi chinofanira kuzadzisa zvese.

• Zvakabvumiranwa nemunyori nemushandi mukuru. Ndima 1 inoda kuti chikamu ichi chibvumiranwe nekunyora nemushandi wezera rakazara. Chinyorwa mubhuku revashandi kana seti yemashoko akajairika chinongokwana chete kana mushandi wacho akagamuchira gwaro rine chikamu chacho, nekunyora, uye gwaro racho rakapihwa zvechokwadi.
• Chikumbiro chakanyorwa chezvido zvebhizinesi zvinokwezva. Ndima yechipiri inowedzera kuti chikamu chiri muchibvumirano chenguva yakatarwa chinoshanda chete kana mushandirwi akaisa, muchikamu, zvido zvebhizinesi zvinomanikidza zvinoda izvozvo. Chikonzero chacho chikamu chechikamu; hachigone kupihwa mushure mezvo, uye dare harizoverenge chimwe zvacho.
• Chido chinofanira kunge chakananga. Mashoko akadai sekudzivirira zvido zvebhizinesi rekambani kana ruzivo rwekuchengetedza anotorwa seasina chikonzero zvachose. Mushandirwi anofanira kuona kuti mushandi uyu achava neruzivo rwupi, hukama hupi kana ruzivo rwupi rwekutengeserana, uye kuti nei kusiya mushandi uyu kuenda kune mumwe anokwikwidza kwaizokanganisa bhizinesi.

Mugumisiro wekushaikwa kwechikonzero kana kuti chikonzero chepfungwa chinowanzoonekwa hazvirevi kuti chikamu chacho hachina simba; asi kuti chikamu chacho hachina kumbobvira chavapo. Musiyano iwoyo unokosha mukushanda, nekuti zvinoreva kuti mushandi haana muganho zvachose uye haafanire kukumbira dare kuti ribvise chero chinhu padivi asati atora basa idzva, kunyangwe munyaya inokwikwidzana mutongo wekuzivisa uchiwanzokosha kuwanikwa.

Chii chinoonekwa sechinhu chinofadza mubhizinesi

Mutemo hautsananguri izwi iri, uye nemaune saizvozvo: chinomanikidza chinoenderana nebhizinesi nebasa. Muedzo wakagadzirwa mumutemo wenyaya ndewekuti mushandirwi ane ruzivo rwakananga, ruzivo kana hukama hwebhizinesi hunowanwa nemushandi uyu kuburikidza nebasa, uye kuti kuendeswa kwake kumukwikwidzi kwaizokonzera kukuvara chaiko.

Zvikamu zvinoramba zvichiongororwa zvinowanzosanganisira chinhu chakasiyana: maitiro ekugadzira kana kugadzira zvinhu zvisingazivikanwe pachena, software kana maalgorithms ari kugadzirwa, modhi yemitengo, nzira yekupinda mumusika, kana hukama hwemunhu neboka revatengi raanotarisirwa kuvaka mushandi. Zvikamu zvinokundikana zvinowanzo dzivirirwa nehunyanzvi, ruzivo rwemuindasitiri kana kutya kurasikirwa nemushandi akanaka, izvo mutemo usingazvioni sechido chinomanikidza. Kuda kuchengetedza mushandi hakusi kufarira kwebhizinesi kunopa chikonzero chekumurambidza mushure mekunge aenda.

Nguva mbiri apo kufarira kunoedzwa

Chido chebhizinesi chinokwezva chinofanira kuvapo kaviri. Chinofanira kuvapo kana chibvumirano chapera, izvo zvinonyorwa nepfungwa dzakanyorwa, uye chinofanira kuramba chiripo kana mushandirwi ashandisa chirevo ichocho. Chido chaive chaicho pakutanga asi chapera, nekuti chirongwa chakasiyiwa, chigadzirwa chakatangwa pachena kana mushandi asina kumbobvira asvika pedyo nezvinhu zvinonetsa, hachizotsigire kusimbiswa kwebasa. Ndosaka chikonzero chacho chichifanira kunyorwa chakanangana nebasa sezvo chichaitwa kwete pane runyorwa rwezvido zvemushandirwi.

Mutoro uri pabasa. Muzviitiko, mushandirwi ndiye anofanira kuratidza kufarira, uye humbowo hune simba hwakanyorwa: tsananguro yebasa, masisitimu nemafaira aiwanikwa nemushandi, zvinyorwa zvekutaurirana nevatengi, magwaro epurojekiti, uye nhoroondo chaiyo yezvaizowanikwa nemukwikwidzi. Kutaura kwevatungamiriri nezvekuti mushandi aiziva zvakawanda sei hakuwanzokwaniri ivo vega.

Kuvandudzwa, cheni uye shanduko yebasa

Chibvumirano chisingakwikwidzi hachifambi choga kubva pane chimwe chibvumirano kuenda kune chimwe. Chibvumirano chega chega chenguva yakatarwa chibvumirano chakasiyana, saka kana chibvumirano chikavandudzwa kana kuwedzerwa chikamu chacho nechikonzero chacho zvinofanirwa kubvumirana zvakare nekunyora, uye chikonzero chinofanira kukodzera chibvumirano chitsva. Vashandirwi vanongoramba vachishanda netsamba nguva dzose vanoona kuti chikamu chacho hachina kuuya.

Izvi zvinoshandawo kana chibvumirano chenguva yakatarwa chachinjwa kuita chibvumirano kwenguva isingazivikanwi. Kubva panguva iyoyo chinodiwa chekukurudzira chakakosha hachichashandi, asi chikamu chacho pachacho chichiri kufanira kubvumidzwa zviri pamutemo muchibvumirano chitsva. Chibvumirano chechigarire chisingataure nezvemakwikwi hachina muganho, chero chipi zvacho chibvumirano chenguva pfupi chakataurwa. Ongororo yedu yemutemo wecheni yezvibvumirano zvenguva yakatarwa inotsanangura kuti cheni inoshanduka sei, uye chinyorwa chedu pachibvumirano chebasa chenguva yakatarwa chinosanganisira mitemo yakapoteredza.

Kuchinja basa panguva yebasa kunogonawo kukanganisa chikamu chakabvumiranwa nemazvo. Kana basa rikachinja zvakanyanya zvekuti chikamu chinova chinorema kupfuura zvaifungwa nemapoka, Dare Repamusorosoro rakabvuma kuti chikamu chinorasikirwa nesimba racho kusvika ipapo kunze kwekunge chabvumiranwa zvakare. Kukwidziridzwa kubva pachinzvimbo chechidiki kuenda kubasa rekutengesa rine mutoro wevatengi muenzaniso wakanaka. Mhinduro inoshanda kune vashandirwi ndeyekusainazve chikamu pese pachinja basa zvakanyanya, uye kunyora chikonzero chakakomberedza mabasa matsva.

Dare rinoedza sei chikamu ichi

Nzira mbiri dzinoenda kudare. Mushandi anoda rusununguko rwekutanga kune imwe nzvimbo anowanzo nyorera muchidimbu nyaya ( kort geding ) kuti chikamu chimiswe, izvo zvinokurumidza uye zvinopa mhinduro yenguva pfupi mukati memavhiki. Mushandirwi anoda kumisa kutama anonyorera chirango, chinowanzobatanidzwa nechikumbiro chechirango chechibvumirano. Chero zvazvingava, dare rine masimba akakura pasi pechinyorwa 7:653 ndima 3 BW.

• Kurambwa kwechikonzero chekusashanda zvakanaka. Kana chibvumirano chiri chenguva yakatarwa, dare rinogona kubvisa chikamu ichi kana chikonzero chakapihwa chichiratidza kuti chikamu ichi hachidikanwi nekuda kwezvido zvebhizinesi zvinomanikidza. Ichi ndicho chikonzero chinobvisa zvikamu zvakawanda zvisina kunyorwa zvakanaka mumakondirakiti echinguvana.
• Kurambwa kwemhosva yekusagadzikana kusingaenzaniswi. Pachibvumirano chega chega, chenguva pfupi kana chechigarire, dare rinogona kubvisa chikamu chose kana kuti chikamu kana, maererano nezvido zvinotarisirwa nevanoshandira, mushandi wacho akarasikirwa nazvo zvisina kufanira. Kubviswa kwechikamu chebasa kwakajairika: matare anopfupisa nguva, anoderedza nzvimbo yenzvimbo, kana kuganhurira chikamu kune vanokwikwidza vakataurwa pane chikamu chose.

Kupfuura izvozvo, chikamu 7:653 ndima 4 BW chinobvisa mushandirwi kodzero yekuvimba nechikamu zvachose kana kuguma kwechibvumirano kuri mugumisiro wezviito zvakakomba kana kusaita zvakanaka kwakaitwa nemushandirwi. Mushandirwi anodzinga mushandi zvisina kururama, kana anorega chibvumirano chipera mushure mekubata mushandi zvakaipa, haagoni kusimbirira pamuganho.

Zvinhu zvinosarudza kuti basa rive rekuenzanisa zvinoenderana nemitemo yese: kuti basa rakatora nguva yakareba sei, mushandi akadzidza zvechokwadi, kuti ruzivo rwakachengetedzwa rwakajeka uye rwuripo sei, huwandu hwechikamu munguva, nzvimbo uye chiitiko, chinzvimbo chiri kutamira mushandi, uye kana mushandi aine imwe nzira chaiyo mumunda mumwe chete. Muganho wegore rimwe pamushandi akashanda kwemwedzi mitatu mubasa asina mukana wekuwana chero chinhu chakavanzika ndiwo muenzaniso wechikamu chisingazorarami.

Muripo, zvirango uye mutengo wekutevedzera mutemo

Mutemo weDutch pari zvino haudi kuti mushandirwi abhadhare chikamu chisingakwikwidzane, asi unobvumira dare kupa muripo. Pasi pechinyorwa 7:653 ndima 5 BW, dare rinogona kuraira mushandirwi kuti abhadhare mari yenguva yekurambidzwa kana chikamu ichi chichitadzisa mushandi kushanda kune imwe nzvimbo. Muripo wacho hauwanikwe kana kuguma kwechibvumirano kuri mugumisiro wekuzvibata kwakaipisisa kwemushandi. Muchokwadi, simba iri rinoshandiswa zvishoma, uye mushandi akataurirana nezvechikamu chemuripo muchibvumirano ari munzvimbo yakasimba kupfuura uyo anovimba nedare.

Kune rimwe divi, zvikamu zvakawanda zvinotsigirwa nechikamu chechirango ( boetebeding ). Chirango chinogona kushandiswa, asi chinofanira kubvumirana nekunyora, chinofanira kutsanangura kwachinofanira kuendeswa chirango, uye kana chirango chaiswa kana mushandi akatyora chisungo chake, mitemo yepamutemo yezvirango iri muchibvumirano chebasa inoshanda. Dare rinogonawo kuderedza chirango chakanyanya kujeka. Vashandirwi havafanirwe kufunga kuti nhamba yemusoro webasa ichapihwa zvizere; vashandi havafanirwe kufunga kuti ichaderedzwa kusvika pari pasina.

Kumanikidza vanhu kuti vashande kunodhura uye kunowanikwa pachena. Nyaya dzinotora mavhiki uye dzinodhura mari kumativi ese, mushandirwi mutsva anowanzo ziva nezvenyaya iyi, uye chikamu chinozoderedzwa nedare chinenge chisina kukosha mushure mekutyisidzira kwacho. Kuverenga ikoko kazhinji ndicho chikonzero chaicho chekuti gakava rigadziriswe.

Kusakumbira, kuchengetedza zvakavanzika uye zororo remubindu

Chirevo che "non-compete clause" hachisiricho chega chishandiso, uye kazhinji hachisiricho chakanakisa. Pane dzimwe nzira nhatu dzinofukidza chikamu chimwe chete pasina njodzi yakawanda yepamutemo.

• Chikamu chisiri chekukumbira (kuwirirana) inorambidza mushandi kutaura nevatengi kana vanhu vaanotaura navo pane kushandira mukwikwidzi zvachose. Yakamanikana uye nekudaro inogona kuramba ichiongororwa, asi mutemo weDutch unoiona sechikamu chechikamu chisina kukwikwidzana, saka muchibvumirano chenguva yakatarwa chinoda kurudziro yakafanana yakanyorwa yezvido zvebhizinesi zvinomanikidza. Ona tsananguro yedu ye chikamu chisiri chekukumbira.
• Chikamu chekuchengetedza zvakavanzika inodzivirira ruzivo rwayo uye inogona kushanda nekusingaperi pasina kuganhurira kushanda kwemushandi. Haina kusungirwa pasi pechinyorwa 7:653 BW, uye inosimbiswa nekuchengetedzwa kwemutemo kwezvakavanzika zvekutengeserana, izvo zvinopa chikumbiro chakasiyana apo ruzivo rwebhizinesi rwakavanzika rwunowanikwa, rwunoshandiswa kana kuburitswa pachena zvisiri pamutemo.
• Garden leave Zvinoita kuti mushandi arambe ari pamuhoro uye agare kure nebasa panguva yekuzivisa. Zvinoita kuti hukama hwevatengi huvepo, uye nekuti mushandi anoramba achibhadharwa hazvipikisi chero chipi zvacho chinoitwa nedare pamuganho usingabhadharwe. Zvinongoshanda chete kana paine nguva yekuzivisa, ndosaka zvichikodzera zvibvumirano zvechigarire zviri nani pane zvenguva pfupi yakatarwa.

Zvibvumirano zvechinguvana uye zvechigarire zvichienzaniswa

Bhiri rekuvandudza chikamu chemutemo usingakwikwidzi

Mitemo yacho yave kuda kuchinja. Musi wa26 Chikumi 2026 hurumende yakazivisa kuti bhiri rekuvandudza chikamu chekusava nemakwikwi rakatumirwa kuDare reHurumende kuti riwane mazano, nechinangwa chekuriendesa kuDare reVamiriri risati rapera gore ra2026. Ibhiri, kwete mutemo: hapana chiri kushanda mariri parizvino, uye rugwaro rwacho ruchiri kukwanisa kuchinja panguva yekubatwa kweparamende.

Sezvakaziviswa, bhiri iri richaisa muganho wenguva iyo chikamu chisingakwikwidzi chinogona kushandiswa mugore rimwe chete, rinoda kuti mushandirwi ataure nzvimbo iyo chikamu ichi chinofukidza, kuwedzera basa rekupa chikonzero chakanyorwa kupfuura zvibvumirano zvenguva yakatarwa, uye kumanikidza mushandirwi anoda kuti chikamu ichi chibhadhare muripo wemushandi wenguva yekurambidzwa, inoverengwa sechikamu chemuhoro. Chinangwa chakataurwa ndechekuganhurira chishandiso mumamiriro ezvinhu apo kufarira kwebhizinesi chaiko kuri panjodzi.

Kusvika mutemo uyu watanga kushanda, chikamu 7:653 BW sezvakatsanangurwa pamusoro apa chinoramba chichishanda zvizere. Vashandirwi vanoongorora matemplate avo ezvibvumirano izvozvi zvingave zvine musoro kunyora maererano nemitemo yakarongwa, nekuti chikamu chinototaura nguva, nzvimbo uye mubereko chaiwo chinogona kuramba chiripo pasi pemutemo uripo uye chiri nyore kuchengetedza pasi pemutemo mutsva.

Zvekuita izvozvi

Zvevashandirwi

Tora chikonzero chacho sechinhu chikuru chechikamu kwete sechinopa ruzivo. Nyora nezvebasa racho: taura ruzivo, masisitimu, mapurojekiti kana hukama hwevatengi huchava nemushandi, tsanangura kuti sei kuwana ruzivo urwu kuchikonzera njodzi chaiyo yemakwikwi, uye batanidza izvozvo nenguva uye chiyero chauri kukumbira. Tsanangura zvaunoreva neanokwikwidza uye nebasa rakafanana, uye sarudza nzvimbo. Chengeta nguva yacho inoenderana nekuti basa racho richagara kwenguva yakareba sei; muganho wakarebesa kupfuura chibvumirano pachacho unokoka kubviswa kwebasa. Saina zvakare chikamu pakuvandudzwa kwega kwega uye pese pazvinochinja basa, uye funga kana chikamu chisina kukumbira kana chekuchengetedza zvakavanzika chingachengetedza zvaunoda kuchengetedza. Kana chinzvimbo ichi chikanyatsoruramisa muganho, kubvumirana muripo wenguva yakaganhurirwa kunosimbisa chikamu uye kunoderedza mukana wekuti dare ribvise.

Kune vashandi

Usasaina usina kuverenga chikamu chacho nepfungwa yacho. Bvunza kuti ndechipi chido chebhizinesi chinokwezva chiri kuchengetedzwa uye kuti chine chekuita sei nebasa rako; kana mhinduro yacho isina kujeka, ndizvo zvakaitawo chikamu chacho. Bvunza usati wasaina pane kuti usabva: nguva yacho, nzvimbo yacho, tsananguro yemukwikwidzi uye muripo wenguva yakaganhurirwa zvese zvinogona kutaurirana, uye mushandirwi anoda kuti iwe ugare pane chimwe chazvo. Kana watova nechigamba nebasa idzva riripo, tanga watarisa kana chikamu chacho chakabvumiranwa uye chakakurudzirwa, wobva watarisa kana chido chacho chichiripo, uye ipapo chete kana chakaenzana. Usangozvifuratira. Kutyora mutemo kunogona kukonzera chirango uye chikumbiro chekukuvadzwa, uye kutanga basa idzva basa risati rajekeswa kunoshandura mubvunzo wepamutemo kuita dambudziko rebasa remushandirwi wako mutsva zvakare.

Kana gakava riri kuuya

Mibvunzo inowanzo bvunzwa pamusoro pechikamu chisingakwikwidzani muchibvumirano chenguva pfupi

Chitsauko chakadaro hachishande nguva dzose here?

Kwete. Zvinoshanda kana zvakabvumiranwa zvakanyorwa nemushandi mukuru uye chikamu chacho pachacho chichitaura zvido zvebhizinesi zvinoita kuti zvidikanwe. Chisingashande chikamu chisina chikonzero ichocho, kana kuti chine chikonzero chakajairika zvekuti hachitauri chinhu nezvebasa iri. Mutemo wacho unodiwa kuti munhu aite basa rake zvakanaka, kwete kurambidzwa.

Chirevo ichi chichiri kundisunga here kana mushandirwi akasarudza kusavandudza chibvumirano?

Muchokwadi, hongu, nekuti chikamu chiri pamusoro pezvinoitika mushure mekupera kwebasa, kwete nezvekuti ndiani akarigumisa. Asi mamiriro ezvinhu anorema zvikuru mukuyedza kuenzana: dare rinokumbirwa kubvisa chikamu rinotora zvakakomba kuti mushandirwi akaramba kuramba nebasa uye ikozvino rinoda kuganhurira nzvimbo inogona kushanda mushandi. Uye kana chibvumirano chapera nekuda kwezviito zvakakomba kana kusashanda kwemushandirwi, chikamu 7:653 ndima 4 BW chinorambidza mushandirwi kuvimba nechikamu zvachose.

Muganho uyu ungatora nguva yakareba sei

Mutemo weDutch pari zvino hauna kugadza huwandu hwakanyanya. Zvikamu zvemwedzi mitanhatu kusvika gumi nemiviri ndizvo zvinonyanya kuwanda, uye matare anogara achipfupisa zvemwedzi yakareba kana kuzviisa muganho munzvimbo kana achiyera mubereko wemushandi nechikwereti chemushandirwi. Bhiri rekuvandudza chikamu ichi rinoratidza muganho wegore rimwe chete, izvo zvinopa chiratidzo chakakodzera chekuti muganho ungangosvika kupi.

Mushandirwi wangu mutsva anogona kupiwa mhosva here?

Zvinogona. Mushandirwi anotora mumwe munhu nemaune achityora mutemo wekuti hapana makwikwi, uye owana purofiti kubva mukutyora mutemo iwoyo, anogona kuita zvisiri pamutemo kune aimbova mushandirwi uye achava nemhosva yekukuvara kunokonzerwa nechikamu 6:162 BW. Ndosaka vashandirwi vatsva vachibvunza nezvezvikamu zviripo, uye nei mushandi anoviga chimwe chacho achikonzera dambudziko kumativi ese ari maviri.

Chitsauko chiri mubhuku revashandi kana chibvumirano chevashandi chakakwana here?

Kazhinji hazviiti zvega. Chisungo chinofanira kubvumirana nekunyora nemushandi wega wega. Chibvumirano chiri muchibvumirano chegwaro rakasiyana rine chisungo chinogona kushanda, asi chete kana mushandi akabvuma gwaro iroro nekunyora uye rakaiswa pachena asati asaina. Chibvumirano chevashandi pamwe chete hachigone kuisa chisungo chisingakwikwidzani pamushandi wega wega panzvimbo pechibvumirano ichocho chakanyorwa.

Mutemo mumwe chete unoshanda here kune munhu anozvishandira ega?

Nha. Chinyorwa 7:653 BW chinoshanda kumakondirakiti ebasa. Muganho muchibvumirano chemasevhisi unotongwa pasi pemutemo wechibvumirano, uko mitemo yekunzwisisa uye kururamisira uye, mune dzimwe nguva, mutemo wemakwikwi unopa miganhu. Nekudaro, kana hukama hwebasa huchizadzisa zvinodiwa zvechibvumirano chebasa, mitemo yebasa inoshanda zvisinei nechiratidzo chiri pachibvumirano.

sei Law and More anogona kubatsira

Chisungo chisingakwikwidzi muchibvumirano chenguva yakatarwa chinomiririra kana kuti chinowira pamhando yechikonzero chayo chakanyorwa, uye ichocho mubvunzo wekunyora usati wava mubvunzo wedare. Magweta edu ebasa anoronga nekuongorora zvisungo zvevashandirwi, anoongorora kana chikamu chiripo chichisunga mushandi anoda kutama, kutaurirana nezvekuregererwa uye kugadziriswa, uye kuita muchidimbu matanho kumativi ese ari maviri. Kana wava kuda kusaina chibvumirano nechisungo chakadaro, kana kuti wava kuda kuvimba nechimwe, bata Law and More nzvimbo yacho isati yaoma.