District Court yeZeeland-West-Brabant, 13 Chivabvu 2026 - ECLI:NL:RBZWB:2026:5158
Mushandirwi ari muindasitiri yekunze kwenyika anoona kuti vashandi vatatu vakasiya basa vakatanga bhizinesi rekukwikwidza vachiri kushanda. Vakatora magwaro akavanzika, vakaakopa mumwe nemumwe mumakambani ekutengesa kune vangangove vatengi, uye vakazviratidza pamutambo wekutengeserana semutambi akazara mumusika. Musi wa13 Chivabvu 2026, dare redunhu reDunhu reZeeland-West-Brabant rakavaraira kuti vabhadhare faindi inosvika €1,025,000, yakaderedzwa kubva pamari yaigona kusvika kumamiriyoni. Mutongo une zvidzidzo kumushandirwi wese anoda kuchengetedza ruzivo rwakakosha rwemakwikwi - uye kumushandi wese ari kufunga nezvekusiya basa ari ega.
Chokwadi muchidimbu
Muchiitiko ichi, mushandirwi anoshanda muchikamu chesimba rekunze kwenyika, kunyanya kuisa tambo dzepasi pegungwa dzemapurazi emhepo. Imusika wakasarudzika zvikuru, une vatambi vashoma pasi rose uye ngarava dzinoisa tambo dzisingagone kushandiswa kune chimwe chinangwa. Kambani iyi yaive nengarava imwe chete inoisa tambo uye yakanga yawana yechipiri muna 2022, zvichikonzerwa nekukura kwemusika wekuAmerica.
Vatatu ava vaipomerwa mhosva — maneja wepurojekiti, mainjiniya wetender uye murongi wetender — vese vaive nechibvumirano chebasa chine chikamu chisingapikise, chikamu chezvekuita, chikamu chekuchengetedza zvakavanzika, chikamu chekambani nepfuma uye chikamu chechirango che€25,000 pakutyora mutemo pamwe chete ne€2,500 pazuva rega rega rekutyora mutemo kwairamba kuripo.
Maneja wepurojekiti akashanda kusvika 1 Gumiguru 2023; mainjiniya wetender akabva musi wa1 Nyamavhuvhu 2022; murongi wetender musi wa1 Nyamavhuvhu 2023. Nekuda kwebasa ravo, vese vaive neruzivo rwekutengeserana uye rwehunyanzvi: chimiro chemitengo yematender, maitiro ekushanda, zvirongwa zvekudyara uye magwaro epurojekiti.
Chii chavakaita?
Kare muna 2021 — vasati vaenda — maneja wepurojekiti neinjiniya wetender vaiita misangano yeTeams mavhiki maviri evhiki nezvebhizinesi ravo idzva. Muna Kubvumbi 2022 vakariisa muDelaware. Vakataurirana nevagadziri vezvikepe vachishandisa email dzebhizinesi ravo kune mushandirwi, vakakoka hama dzemushandirwi kumisangano — vachibhadhara mushandirwi — uye vakataurirana nevanoisa mari vachizviratidza sevamiriri vemushandirwi wavo wekare.
Nguva pfupi asati aenda, mainjiniya webasa akatumira mumwe wake meseji yekukurukurirana inotevera: "Mukugadzirira kusiya [mushandirwi] mumwedzi iri kuuya, mungangoda (nokungwarira) kutora mamwe magwaro angatibatsira. Zvinhu zvakaita sezvirevo zvemaitiro uye maitiro - zvingave zvakanaka parizvino." Maneja wepurojekiti akapindura achiti: "Ndatozviita."
Maneja wepurojekiti akabva adhawunirodha magwaro akawanda akavanzika kuDropbox yake, kusanganisira hurongwa hwekudyara mari hwemushandirwi wengarava itsva yekuisa tambo — gwaro rine hunyanzvi, ongororo yemusika uye ruzivo rwemari. Forodha inonzi "[mushandirwi] akatorwa" yakawanikwawo muDropbox.
Murongi wezvekutengesa akatorwa nevamwe vake vakanga vaenda kuti vatumire tender panzvimbo yebhizinesi idzva kune mushandi - tender chaiyo yaaishandira panguva iyoyo achishandira mushandirwi wake. Mushure mezvo, mainjiniya wezvekutengesa akanyorera kune vane chekuita naye achiti: "Basa guru rechikwata, kunyangwe tichitenda zvikuru [murongi wezvekutengesa] nebasa rake rakaoma rekuita kuti chinhu ichi chibudirire - akatibatsira kubva pakusava nemagwaro kusvika kune chipo cheIAC chemhando yepamusoro uye chinotevedzera mitemo."
Rimwe zuva mushure mekupedza basa rake, maneja wepurojekiti akaonekwa achimiririra bhizinesi idzva pamusangano wekutengeserana kunze kwenyika muUnited States.
Kuferefeta kwezvekuferefeta
Mushandirwi akabatanidza kambani yekuferefeta kwedhijitari. Mhedziso yekambani iyoyo haina kusiya chinhu mukufungidzira: kuferefeta kwacho kwakaburitsa "huwandu hwakawanda hwezviratidzo zvedhijitari zvine chekuita nemabasa ane chekuita nekugadzirira nekutanga kwebhizinesi rinokwikwidzana." Bhizinesi idzva rakanga rakopa zvikamu kubva mumagwaro emushandirwi zvakananga, zvakananga, muzvipo zvaro zvemadhiri. Zvakaratidzwawo kuti magwaro emushandirwi akanga ashandiswa sechiratidzo pakuronga mitengo.
Mutongo wedare redunhu
Bhizinesi idzva iri rinokwikwidza here?
Mubvunzo wekutanga waiva wekuti paive nemakwikwi here. Vashandi vekare vakataura kuti paive pasina: kambani yavo itsva yaingova pfungwa, isina vashandi kana vatengi vanobhadhara, uye yainyanya kunangana nemusika wekuAmerica, uyo waizovharirwa kune dzimwe nyika pasi peJones Act.
Dare redunhu rakaramba dziviriro iyi. Kutaura chokwadi, kuisa tambo hakubviswi muJones Act, saka ngarava dzekunze dzinoisa tambo dzinobvumirwa kushanda zvakasununguka mumvura dzeAmerica. Uyezve, bhizinesi idzva rakanga ranyoresa kuti riwane madhiri akafanana neanoshandira - kusanganisira kunze kweUnited States. Kusava nengarava yakanga ichiri kushanda hakuna kureva kuti pakanga pasina makwikwi. Bhizinesi idzva iri raive rekubata hove mudziva rimwe chete.
Kutorerwa kodzero?
Vashandi vekare vakataura kuti mushandirwi akanga amirira kwenguva yakareba kuti ataure zvichemo. Dare redunhu rakasimbisa kuti kutorwa kwekodzero kunoisa chipingamupinyi chikuru: kungopfuura kwenguva chete hakuna kukwana. Kubva musi wa6 Kukadzi 2024, mushandirwi akanga ataura nevarume vaviri ava nekunyora uye akataura pachena kuti aizosimbisa zvichemo zvechibvumirano - kusanganisira chichemo. Izvozvo zvakakwana. Pakanga pasina tarisiro yepamutemo yekuti mushandirwi aisazoramba achisimbisa chikumbiro chake.
Ndezvipi zvikamu zvakatyorwa?
Pamusoro pemaneja wepurojekiti neinjiniya wetender, dare redunhu rakatonga kuti vakatyora chikamu chekusava nemakwikwi, chikamu chekubatsira-mabasa, chikamu chekuchengetedza zvakavanzika uye chikamu chekambani-pfuma - pamwe neCode of Ethics. Kutyora chikamu chekusava nemakwikwi uye chikamu chekubatsira-mabasa kwakatorwa sekutyora kumwe chete, nekuti kududzira kwakakodzera kunoreva kuti maitiro akafanana haafanirwe kurangwa kaviri.
Dare redunhu rakaratidza kuti kutyorwa kwemutemo wekusakwikwidzana kwakatanga musi wa1 Chikumi 2023, panguva iyo webhusaiti yebhizinesi idzva yakatanga kuvhurwa paindaneti. Kubva ipapo zvichienda mberi, izvi zvaisava kungogadzirira chete asi mabasa ebhizinesi ehupfumi.
Panyaya yemurongi wemabasa, zvakaonekwa kuti akakopa magwaro ebhizinesi remushandirwi wake kaviri achishandisa zvinhu zvaakanyora zvebhizinesi idzva, kusanganisira Local Content Plan neHIRA document (Hazard Identification & Risk Assessment).
Mitero yefaindi - uye mwero wayo
Zvichibva pamitemo yechibvumirano, faindi dzakarasikirwa dzaisvika mamiriyoni emaeuro pamupomerwi mumwe nemumwe. Asi dare redunhu rakadzora mari iyoyo zvakanyanya, kunyanya nekuti mushandirwi haana kusimbisa kurasikirwa kwayo (kunze kwemari inosvika €55,438), faindi dzakanga dzisina kuvharwa muchibvumirano chebasa, uye faindi dzakanga dzisingaenderane nemihoro yeavo vanobatanidzwa.
Kune rumwe rutivi: kutyorwa kwemutemo kwakaitwa nemaune uye nemaune, nenzira yakarongwa uye kwemakore, vachishandisa zvinhu zvakavanzika kuti vapomerwi vawane pundutso mubhizinesi ravo. Vashandi vekare vakakundikanawo kujekesa mari yavanowana kuburikidza nebhizinesi idzva.
Zvakazoitika ndezvokuti: maneja wepurojekiti neinjiniya wetender vakarayirwa kuti mumwe nemumwe abhadhare €500,000. Murongi wetender aifanira kubhadhara €25,000.
Mutoro webhizinesi idzva pacharo
Bhizinesi idzva iri ndiro rakazopiwa mhosva yekurasikirwa kwakaitwa nemushandirwi nekuda kwemubhadharo usina kukodzera, uye izvi zvaizoongororwa mumatanho akasiyana. Sesangano repamutemo, raiziva nezvekutyorwa kwechibvumirano - pamusoro pezvose, rakavambwa uye raitungamirirwa nevashandi vekare - uye rakawana mukana chaiwo kubva kwavari. Izvozvo zvinoreva chiito chisina kukodzera kune aimbova mushandirwi.
Zvinorambidzwa uye mirairo
Pamusoro pemari dzefaindi, dare redunhu rakarambidza kushandiswa kweruzivo rwakavanzika, uye murairo wekuparadzwa kwemagwaro ese ane chekuita nazvo. Zvakarambidzwawo kutora chikamu mumatender chaiwo ayo bhizinesi idzva rakanga ratonyoresa. Dare rakaramba kurambidzwa kukuru kwekunyoresa chero matender akafanana kusvika muna 2032 - zvichireva kuvharwa kwebhizinesi - richiti kurambidzwa kwakanyanya kwerusununguko rwemabhizinesi.
Kugadziriswa kwakakumbirwa pawebhusaiti uye mutsamba dzakatumirwa kune vatengi kwakarambwawo: zvino zvakwakanga kwatoiswa mutemo wekurambidza ma tender, zvakanga zvisisiri pachena kuti mushandirwi akanga achiri kufarira chii pairi.
Musiyano nenyaya iyo pasina chibvumirano chekukwikwidza chakabvumiranwa chinodzidzisa. Ikoko, dare redunhu mu Amsterdam yakawanikwa musi wa4 Nyamavhuvhu 2026 kuti danho rakabatana revashandi vapfumbamwe harisi rekukumbirisa uye akapihwa chirango chimwe chete che€25,000 kana paine email imwe chete inotumirwa kumutengi.
Ndezvipi zvidzidzo?
Kune vashandirwi, mutongo uyu unoratidza kuti chikamu chechirango chakanyorwa zvakanaka, pamwe chete nechikamu chekuchengetedza zvakavanzika uye chikamu chekambani-pfuma, chinopa hwaro hwakasimba hwepamutemo - asi kuti kusimbiswa nenguva uye magwaro ekurasikirwa kwakakosha. Dare rakadzora faindi zvakanyanya pano, chimwe chikamu nekuti mushandirwi aisagona kuziva huwandu chaihwo hwekurasikirwa kwacho. Chero ani zvake anoda kuunza matanho ekuwedzera ekubhadhara angaita zvakanaka kuziva nekusimbisa kurasikirwa ikoko nekukurumidza sezvinobvira.
Kuferefeta kwezvekuferefeta kwemidziyo yakadzoserwa kwakaratidza kukosha munyaya iyi. Mameseji ekukurukurirana, ma Dropbox logs uye maminetsi emusangano zvakazoonekwa kuti zvakakosha. Vashandirwi vane mukana wekushandisa malaptop ekambani nenzvimbo dzegore vanogona kuita ongororo yedhijitari yakanangana nekubuda kwemushandi kana vaine fungidziro ine musoro yekuti pane zvisiri pamutemo.
Kune vashandi vari kufunga nezvekusiya basa vega: chokwadi chekuti, mukuona kwemushandi weHR, chirevo chisingakwikwidzi chingave "chingori chiitiko" hachina kukosha kudare kana chisina kunyorwa pasi. Uye chero ani zvake anoita gadziriro achiri kushanda - zvechokwadi achishandisa magwaro ekambani, kero dzeemail dzebhizinesi kana hukama hwebhizinesi - haangori panjodzi yemhosva kumushandirwi chete asiwo faindi huru.
Bhizinesi idzva iri pacharo rakaona kuti kubatsirwa nekutyorwa kwezvibvumirano nevakatanga kambani iyi kunogona kuripinza mumatambudziko akasiyana, kunyangwe kana risiri iro rakabatana nezvibvumirano zvebasa.
Mibvunzo inowanzobvunzwa
Chirevo chekusava nemakwikwi
Chii chinonzi non-compete clause uye chinoshanda riini?
Chisungo chisingakwikwidzi chibvumirano icho mushandi anovimbisa kusashandira mukwikwidzi kana kutanga bhizinesi rake rekukwikwidza mushure mekupera kwebasa rake. Zvinhu zvakawanda zvinoshanda kuti chishande: chisungo chinofanira kubvumirana chakanyorwa uye, kana paine zvibvumirano zvenguva yakatarwa, mushandirwi anofanirawo kutaura zvido zvebhizinesi kana zvekushanda zvinomanikidza. Chisungo chinobatanidzawo nguva yebasa hachisi chisungo chisingakwikwidzi mukati mezvinorehwa neChikamu 7:653 cheDutch Civil Code, asi chisungo chezviitiko zvekuwedzera chakavanzwa.
Chikamu chisingakwikwidzi chingagara kwenguva yakareba sei?
Mutemo hauisi nguva yakatarwa yakatarwa, asi matare anoongorora kana nguva yacho yakakodzera maererano nebasa, musika uye zvido zvemushandirwi. Muchokwadi, nguva yegore rimwe inowanzoonekwa seyakagamuchirwa kumabasa epamusoro kana ekutengeserana. Nguva refu inowanzo miswa yese kana kuti chikamu chayo.
Chirevo chekuti hapana makwikwi chichiri kushanda here kana mukuru weHR akati 'ingori tsika chete'?
Kwete, kwete kana chirevo ichocho chisina kusimbiswa nekunyora. Mumutongo wa13 Chivabvu 2026, vashandi vekare vakataura izvi chaizvo: mumwe mushandi weHR anonzi akati chikamu ichi hachizoshandiswe. Dare redunhu rakaramba dziviriro iyoyo nekuda kwekushaikwa kwehumbowo hwakanyorwa. Vimbiso yemuromo haina simba repamutemo munyaya dzakadai.
Mushandirwi angarambidza vamwe vashandi here kuti vasaite clause yekusakwikwidzana asi vamwe vasaite?
Ehe. Zviri kumunhu anoshandira basa kuti asarudze kana kutevedzera mutemo kwakakodzera, zvichienderana nebasa rake, rudzi rwebasa uye nzvimbo itsva yebasa remushandi ari kuenda. Kusatevedzera mutemo uyu kare kunoita kuti mushandi asave nekodzero yekubatwa zvakaenzana.
Ini semushandi, ndingaenda kudare here kuti mutemo wekuti hapana makwikwi umiswe kana kuti ubviswe?
Ehe. Mushandi anogona kukumbira dare kuti ribvise chikamu chose kana kuti chikamu charo kana zvichimuisa panjodzi isina kunaka maererano nezvido zvemushandirwi zvinofanirwa kuchengetedzwa. Matanho ekubatsira kwenguva pfupi ekumiswa basa anogonawo kuitwa. Kuchenjera kuita izvi usati watanga basa idzva kana bhizinesi, kwete mushure mezvo.
Chikamu chezvemabasa anobatsira
Chii chinonzi ancillary-activity clause uye mushandirwi angangoisa chimwe chacho here?
Chikamu chezvemabasa chinorambidza mushandi kushandira vamwe vanhu kana kuita bhizinesi rake pamwe chete nebasa rake. Kubva pakatangwa Chinyorwa 7:653a cheDutch Civil Code, mushandirwi haafanire kushandisa mutemo wekurambidza mabasa ekuwedzera kunze kwekunge uine chikonzero chaicho chekuita izvozvo. Kuchengetedza ruzivo rwebhizinesi rwakavanzika, kudzivirira kusawirirana kwezvido uye kurwisa mabasa anokwikwidzana zvinogona kuva chikonzero chakadaro.
Kubva rini nguva iyo kutanga bhizinesi rinokwikwidzana kunotyora chikamu chezvemabasa?
Mabasa ekugadzirira chete — akadai sekunyoresa kambani kana kutsvaga pfungwa — muchokwadi haasati aputswa. Mumutongo wa13 Chivabvu 2026, dare redunhu rakaisa muganho pawebhusaiti yebhizinesi idzva iri kuenda online, nekuti kubva panguva iyoyo bhizinesi racho raigona kuonekwa serinoshanda mune zvemari. Chero ani zvake, achiri kushanda, anotanga kutaura nevatengi, achitumira ma tender kana kushandisa magwaro ekambani yebhizinesi idzva, zvisinei, anodarika muganho iwoyo kare kare.
Chikamu chekuchengetedza zvakavanzika uye pfuma yekambani
Ruzivo rwupi rwunowanikwa pasi pechikamu chekuchengetedza zvakavanzika?
Izvi zvinoenderana nekuti chikamu chinonyorwa sei. Zvikamu zvine mashoko akawanda - sezviri munyaya iyi, izvo zvinorevawo ruzivo rusina kunyorwa, maitiro ebasa, mitengo uye hukama nevatengi - zvinofukidza zvese zvakawanikwa nemushandi mubasa rake. Hazvidikanwi kana ruzivo rwacho rwuchinzi "chakavanzika chekutengeserana" mukati mezvinorehwa neTrade Secrets Protection Act (Wbb): chikamu ichocho ndicho hwaro.
Semushandi, ndingatora magwaro andakagadzira ndega here pandinobva?
Kwete, muchokwadi kwete. Magwaro akagadzirwa kana akagamuchirwa nemushandi panguva yebasa rake anoramba ari emushandirwi. Chikamu chekambani-pfuma chinoda kuti mushandi adzoserwe pakuenda, kunyangwe mushandirwi asina kuakumbira zvakananga. Kukopa mafaira nemaune ku-cloud storage - kunyangwe "netsaona" - nekukurumidza kunoreva kuti munhu akanganisa.
Ndezvipi zvinozoitika kana ndikashandisa magwaro ekambani kune wandinoshandira mutsva kana bhizinesi rangu?
Pamusoro pefaindi pasi pechikamu chechirango, mushandirwi anogona kukumbira kurambidzwa kushandiswa zvakare uye murairo wekuparadza magwaro. Kana mushandirwi mutsva kana bhizinesi richiziva nezvekutyorwa kwechibvumirano uye richibatsirwa nacho, rinogonawo kupiwa mhosva yekurasikirwa - sezvakaitika kubhizinesi idzva mukutonga kwa13 Chivabvu 2026.
Faindi nekukuvara
Faindi inogona kubhadharwa zvakadini kana munhu akatyora mutemo wekuti hapana makwikwi?
Izvi zvinoenderana nechikamu chechirango chiri muchibvumirano chebasa. Munyaya yakurukurwa pano, faindi yaive €25,000 pakutyora mutemo pamwe chete ne €2,500 pazuva rega rega pakutyora mutemo kwaienderera mberi, pasina huwandu hwakanyanya. Mari yakarasika yakasvika mamiriyoni akati wandei ema euro pamunhu. Dare redunhu rakazopedzisira raderedza faindi kusvika €500,000 pamunhu mukuru akapara mhosva uye €25,000 kune vamwe vasina chekuita nemutemo.
Dare rinogona here kuderedza faindi?
Ehe. Pasi peChikamu 6:94 cheDutch Civil Code, dare rinogona kudzora faindi kana kururamisira kuchidikanwa uye kushandisa chikamu ichi kungaita kuti pave nemugumisiro wakawandisa uye usingagamuchirwi. Mukuita izvi, dare rinotarisa, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, hukama huripo pakati pefaindi nekurasikirwa chaiko, rudzi rwechibvumirano uye mamiriro ezvinhu akashandiswa chikamu ichi. Mushandirwi asina kusimbisa kurasikirwa kwacho zvechokwadi ari panjodzi yekuti dare riongorore faindi zvakanyanya.
Mushandirwi anogona here kukumbira mari yekukuvara pamusoro pefaindi?
Ehe. Chirango chinowanzo shanda pamwe chete kana kuti panzvimbo pekukumbira kukuvara; mushandirwi anogona kusarudza. Mukutonga kwa13 Chivabvu 2026, bhizinesi idzva rakarairwa kubhadhara kukuvara kwaizoongororwa muzviitiko zvinotevera, nepo vashandi vekare vaifanirawo kubhadhara mari yekuferefeta uye mari yepamutemo inodarika €55,000.
Kutorerwa kodzero uye nguva yekutevedzwa kwemutemo
Mushandirwi anogona kurasikirwa nekodzero dzake nekumirira kwenguva yakareba kuti asimbise mutemo here?
Mukufunga kuti hongu, asi muganho wacho wakakwira. Kungopfuura kwenguva chete hakuna kukwana. Panofanira kunge paine mamiriro ezvinhu akakosha akapa mushandi tarisiro yechokwadi yekuti mushandirwi haazosimbise chikumbiro chake, kana kuti zvinokanganisa chinzvimbo chemushandi zvisina musoro. Muchokwadi, chiziviso chakanyorwa panguva yakakodzera - kunyangwe kana nyaya yacho ikangotanga gare gare - chakakwana kudzivirira kurasikirwa nekodzero.
Makwikwi asiri pamutemo
Ndepapi panowanzova pamutemo kukwikwidza mushure mekunge mutemo wekuti makwikwi haakwikwidzi wapera?
Kana mutemo wekuti hapana makwikwi wapera, aimbove mushandirwi akasununguka kukwikwidzana neaimbove mushandirwi wake. Kunyangwe zvakadaro, panogona kunge paine makwikwi asiri pamutemo apo zvinonzi Boogaard/Vesta zvinozadzikiswa: panofanira kunge paine kukanganiswa kwakarongwa uye kwakakura kwehukama hwakanaka hwebhizinesi hweaimbova mushandirwi, vachishandisa nzira dzakawanikwa muchivimbo. Mukutonga kwa13 Chivabvu 2026, izvi hazvina kugamuchirwa, nekuti mushandirwi akanga asina kunyatsoratidza kuti hukama hwakanaka hwebhizinesi rake hwakanga hwakanganiswa zvakanyanya.
Mazano anoshanda
Chii chandinofanira kuita semushandirwi kana ndikafungidzira kuti mushandi aenda ari kutyora mutemo wekuti asakwikwidzane?
Ita zvinhu nekukurumidza uye nekunyora. Tumira tsamba yekuzivisa ichitaura nezvemabasa emushandi uye uchitaura kuti uchasimbisa mitemo yacho - kusanganisira chikamu chechirango. Kana zvichidikanwa, ita kuti kuferefetwa kwedhijitari kuitwe pamidziyo yakadzoserwa. Nyora kurasikirwa kwacho zvakanyatsonaka sezvinobvira, nekuti dare rinogadzirisa faindi rinoita izvi zvishoma nezvishoma zvichibva pakusavapo kweuchapupu hwakasimba hwekurasikirwa. Funga nezvekutora humbowo usati wafunga kana uchifungidzira kuti zvinhu zvakakodzera zviri mumaoko emumwe munhu.
Chii chandinofanira kuita semushandi ndisati ndaenda kushandira mumwe munhu anokwikwidza kana kutanga ndega?
Verenga chibvumirano chako chebasa nokungwarira. Tarisa kana paine chikamu chisingakwikwidzani, chinogara kwenguva yakareba sei uye kuti chinopa ruzivo rwakadii nezvenzvimbo uye nharaunda. Usabvise mafaira uye usatore chero magwaro paunenge wabva. Usatange basa remushandirwi mutsva kana bhizinesi panguva iyo chikamu ichi chichiri kushanda pasina zano repamutemo. Kana uchifunga kuti chikamu ichi chinorema zvisina musoro, kumbira dare kuti ribvise kana kumisa basa racho - usati watyora mutemo.
Une mibvunzo here nezvekuchengetedza zvakavanzika zvekutengeserana, kushanda kwechikamu chisingakwikwidzane kana kusimbiswa kwacho? nyanzvi dzemutemo wezvemabasa pa Law & More Ndichafara kukupa mazano.
