Chisarudzo chehurumende chinogona kuva nemigumisiro yakakura. Mari yekurangwa inosvika makumi ezviuru zvemaeuro, kuvharwa kwemba yako kana nzvimbo dzebhizinesi, faindi, kana kubviswa kwemvumo yekambani yako. Kwenguva yakareba waive usina mukana wekutungamira munyaya dzakadai: chero bedzi boka rekutonga rakaramba riri mukati memutemo, chisarudzo chacho chaiwanzo tsigirwa nedare - zvisinei nekuti chakabuda sei. Kunzwisisa ongororo yekuenzanisa nekukurumidza kunogona kukubatsira kudzivirira zvikanganiso zvinodhura.
Mufananidzo iwoyo wakachinja mumakore achangopfuura. Zvichitevera kukanganiswa kwemari yekuchengeta vana, matare ekutonga mumakore achangopfuura akaedza zvisarudzo zvehurumende zvakanyanya achipesana nepfungwa yekuenzana. Ongororo iyoyo haina kuoma zvakaenzana mune zvese zviitiko - kusimba kwayo kunosiyana zvichienderana nerudzi rwechisarudzo. Uye nebhiri riri paMutemo richisimbisa basa rekuchengetedza reGeneral Administrative Law Act (Wet versterking waarborgfunctie Awb), dziviriro iyoyo inogona kusimbiswa zvakanyanya. Mublog rino tinotsanangura zvakachinja uye zvazvinoreva kwauri kana uchida kupikisa chisarudzo chehurumende.
Chii chinonzi nhungamiro yekuenzana kwezvinhu?
Nheyo yekuenzana ndeimwe yenheyo huru dzehutungamiriri hwakanaka uye yakanyorwa muChikamu 3:4 cheGeneral Administrative Law Act (Algemene wet bestuursrecht, Awb). Chinyorwa ichocho chine ndima mbiri. Yekutanga inoda kuti sangano rekutonga riongorore zvido zvine chekuita nechisarudzo chacho. Yechipiri ine mwero chaiwo wekuenzana: migumisiro yakaipa yesarudzo kune mumwe kana kupfuura vanofarira inogona kunge isina kuenzana maererano nezvinangwa zvinoteverwa nechisarudzo ichocho.
Mumutauro wakajeka: hurumende inogona kuzadzisa chinangwa - kufunga nezvekuchengetedza runyararo rweveruzhinji kana kugadzirisa kutyorwa kwemitemo - asi nzira yainoshandisa kuita izvozvo inogona kusarema kupfuura zvinodiwa. Saka chikonzero chepfungwa iyi hachisi chekuti mhedzisiro yese yakaipa inofanira kubviswa, asi kuti migumisiro yakaipa isina kufanira inofanira kudzivirirwa.
Mutemo wakafanana unoshanda kumitemo yemutemo. Pasi peChinyorwa 4:84 Awb, sangano rekutonga rinoita zvinoenderana nemutemo waro wemutemo, kunze kwekunge kuita izvozvo, nekuda kwemamiriro ezvinhu akakosha, kungave nemigumisiro kune munhu ane hanya isina kuenzana maererano nezvinangwa zvinoteverwa nemutemo wemutemo. Pano zvakare, kuenzana kunoshanda sevhavha yekutiza kubva mumigumisiro isina kururama.
Mutsara wekare: "bvunzo yekusarudza zvisina musoro" yekusaremekedza
Kusvika nguva pfupi yadarika matare ekutonga aiongorora zvisarudzo nokungwarira zvikuru. Mutemo uyu wainzi mutemo wekutonga, wakabva pamutongo waMaxis/Praxis wa1996 unozivikanwa. Dare rakangobvunza chete kana dare rekutonga, mushure mekuyera zvese zvinodiwa, raigona kusvika pasarudzo yaro zvine musoro. Dare raizopindira chete kana kuenzanisa kwakanga kusina kuenzana zvekuti hapana dare rekutonga rine musoro raigona kusarudza sezvarakaita.
Muchokwadi, mwero iwoyo waive wakakwira zvikuru. Vagari vemo nevamabhizinesi avo vaikanganiswa zvakanyanya nesarudzo vaiwanzosiyiwa vasina chinhu — kunyangwe mamiriro avo ezvinhu aive akaipa.
Chinjo huru: mitongo yakaitwa muna Kukadzi 2022
Musi wa2 Kukadzi 2022, Dhipatimendi reHurumende reHurumende rakatanga nzira itsva mune zvinozivikanwa semitongo yaKukadzi. Munyaya inozivikanwa zvikuru - kuvharwa kwemba muHarderwijk pasi peOpium Act (Article 13b, iyo inonzi Damocles Act) - Dhipatimendi iri rakasiyana zvachose nemutemo wekare wekutonga zvisina tsarukano.
Kubva ipapo, kana paine chikonzero chekudaro, dare rinoongorora maonero matatu:
- Kukodzera — sarudzo yacho yakakodzera here kuzadzisa chinangwa chakatarisirwa?
- Necessity — chiyero ichi chaidiwa here, kana kuti chiyero chisina kusvika kure chaigona kukwana here?
- musaridzwa — sarudzo yacho, zvese zvafungwa, zvinoenderana nemigumisiro yemunhu ari kutaurwa nezvake here?
Zvakakosha, maonero matatu aya haashandiswi munyaya dzese se "bvunzo yematanho matatu" yakatarwa, inosungirwa. Dare rinosarudza zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu, zvichienderana nezvikonzero zvakapihwa, kana kukodzera, kudiwa uye kuenzana kunoshanda uye kusvika papi. Kusimba kweongororo hakunawo kugadziriswa, asi kunoshanda sechiyero chinotsvedza: kana zvido zvemugari zvichirema, mhedzisiro yacho yakakura, uye kana chisarudzo chikabata kodzero dzakakosha, dare rinozoongorora zvakanyanya. Munyaya yeHarderwijk, Dhipatimendi rakati meya haana kunyatsoteerera zvido zvemurendi nevana vake vari pasi pemakore - semuenzaniso, kumubvunzo wekuti mhuri inogona here kudzokera kumba mushure mekuvharwa kweimba.
Yakawedzerwa kune mitemo nezvisarudzo zvakasungwa
Kufambira mberi uku hakuna kugumira ipapo. Musi wa1 Kurume 2023, dare rese reDivision rakatonga munyaya mbiri dzerubatsiro rwekuchengeta vana pamusoro pekuongorora Mutemo nenzira yepamutemo. Pakutanga dare rekutonga harigone kuongorora Mutemo wakadaro zvichipesana neBumbiro reMitemo kana misimboti yemutemo - kurambidzwa kwekuongorora muChikamu 120 cheBumbiro reMitemo kunodzivisa. Zvisinei, dare rinogona kuongorora kana kushandiswa kwemutemo kuchifanira kubviswa padivi munyaya chaiyo, asi chete mumamiriro ezvinhu akakosha ayo dare reparamende risina kufunga (zvizere) parakatora Mutemo. Zvinonzwisisika kuti, munyaya mbiri idzi Dhipatimendi rakataura chaizvo kuti pakanga pasina mamiriro ezvinhu akakosha akadaro: dare reparamende rakabvuma nemaune mhedzisiro yenguva yekupedzisira yekukumbira. Saka nzvimbo yedare pano yakamanikana.
Dare Repamusorosoro reTrade and Industry Appeals Tribunal (CBb) rakagadzirisa mutsetse uyu musi wa26 Kurume 2024 kuti riwane sarudzo dzakasungwa - sarudzo idzo sangano rekutonga risina sarudzo. Sarudzo yakadaro inogonawo kuongororwa maererano nepfungwa yekuenzana, kunyangwe payakavakirwa pamutemo unosunga. Zvisinei, pane chinhu chakakosha chinoshanda: kana paine simba rakasungwa, kuyerwa kwezvido zvakajairika kwatove mumutemo. Saka ongororo iyi inotarisa pachiyero "pazasi" - mubvunzo wekuti kushandiswa munyaya yega yega kunoshanda zvisina musoro here. Saka hazvisizvo kuti kuyerwa kutsva kwezvido zvakazara kwakavhurika musarudzo yega yega yakasungwa. Tambo yakafanana mumitongo iyi yese yakafanana: chikamu chevanhu chiri kuwana nzvimbo yakasimba mumutemo wekutonga.
Chii chinounzwa neMutemo unosimbisa basa rekuchengetedza reAwb?
Mutemo wenyaya dzacho wanyatsojeka. Pamusoro pezvo, pane hurongwa hwemitemo huri kuitwa hunovavarira kusimbisa dziviriro yemutemo. Izvi zvine chekuita nemutemo uri pamusoro pemutemo unosimbisa basa rekuchengetedza reAwb, iro, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, rinoda kuwedzera zvinoreva musimboti wekuenzana (kuburikidza nekuvandudzwa kweChinyorwa 3:4, ndima 2, Awb) uye rine zvimwe zvinodzivirira vagari. Panewo chinangwa chekugadzirisa Chinyorwa 120 cheBumbiro reMitemo, kuitira kuti mitemo yepamutemo mune dzimwe nguva iongororwe ichipesana nekodzero dzakakosha.
Nzira dzese dziri mbiri hadzisi kushanda: dzine chekuita nebhiri uye chinangwa chemutemo zvichiteerana. Chero bedzi Chikamu 120 cheBumbiro reMitemo chisati chagadziriswa, kurambidzwa kwekuongorora kuripo kuchiri kushanda. Zvakanangana nazvo zvakajeka - mutemo wekutonga unoteerera zvakanyanya uchitarisa zvakanyanya chikamu chevanhu - asi mamiriro emutemo aripo iye zvino achiri kusarudzwa nemutemo wenyaya wakatsanangurwa pamusoro apa.
Izvi zvinorevei kwauri mukuita?
Kune chero ani zvake anopikisana nehurumende, aya mashoko akanaka. Saka sarudzo inoita seyakarurama haisi yepamutemo. Kana migumisiro yacho yakanyanya kuipa, musimboti wekuenzana kwemitengo unopa chikonzero chekupikisa sarudzo yacho. Izvi zvine basa guru mune zvimwe zvinhu zvinotevera:
- murairo une muripo wemutongo kana murairo une chekuita nekutevedzwa kwemutemo wekutonga;
- faindi yekutonga;
- kuvharwa kwemba kana nzvimbo yebhizinesi (semuenzaniso pasi peDamocles Act);
- kubviswa kana kurambwa kwemvumo;
- sarudzo dzekudzoreredza nekudzokorora dzakaitwa nevakuru vezvibatsiro kana mari yerubatsiro.
Zvakakosha kuti muzvidzivirire panguva yakakodzera uye zvine humbowo hwakasimba. Dare rinoongorora gakava iri zvichibva pane zvakataurwa mumatare (Chinyorwa 8:69 Awb) uye rinoongorora kuenzana kwenyaya zvichienderana nezvikonzero zvakapihwa. Izvi zvinoreva kuti gweta renyu rinofanira kusimbisa kusaenzana kwacho nemazvo, neruzivo, mamiriro emunhu uye chero dzimwe nzira dzisingaremedzi nyaya yenyu. Kunyunyuta kuti sarudzo "yakanyanya kuoma" hakuna kukwana.
Uyezve, yeukai kuti kuramba nyaya yacho kunofanira kunge kuri kwemavhiki matanhatu, anoverengwa kubva pazuva rakatevera kuziviswa kwechisarudzo. Saka, musamirira kwenguva yakareba musati matsvaga mazano emutemo.
Law & More ari pano kuzobatsira
Mutemo wekutonga uri kushanda zvakanyanya, uye ongororo yekuenzanisa inopa mikana chaiyo yekupikisa sarudzo isina kuenzana. Panguva imwe chete, zvinoda kunyatsorurama kwemutemo kuti tishandise mikana iyoyo zvakanaka. Magweta e Law & More vane ruzivo rwakakura mukurambwa kwenyaya dzekupikisa uye kukwidza nyaya kuhurumende uye vanobatsira vese varidzi vemabhizinesi nevanhu vega.
Wagamuchira sarudzo ine migumisiro yakaipa zvikuru here? Saka taura nesu pasina chisungo. Tingafara kuongorora mamiriro ako ezvinhu tosarudza nzira yakanakisisa pamwe chete newe.
Inowanzobvunzwa Mibvunzo (FAQ)
Chii chinonzi nhungamiro yekuenzana kwezvinhu?
Nheyo yekuenzana kwemitemo ipfungwa huru yekutonga kwakanaka, yakanyorwa muChinyorwa 3:4, ndima 2, Awb. Zvinoreva kuti migumisiro yakaipa yesarudzo yehurumende ingasave yakaenzana kana tichienzanisa nechinangwa chinoteverwa nesarudzo iyoyo. Chikonzero hachisi chekuti mhedzisiro yese yakaipa inobviswa, asi kuti migumisiro yakaipa isina kufanira inodziviswa.
Chii chakachinja panyaya yekuongorora kuenzana kwezvinhu?
Kusvika mugore ra2022, matare ekutonga akaongorora zvisarudzo nokungwarira zvichienderana nemutemo wekutonga. Kubva pakutongwa kweDare reHurumende muna Kukadzi 2022, dare rinogona kuongorora kukodzera, kudiwa uye kuenzana kwesarudzo. Izvi hazviitike nenzira imwechete mune zvese zviitiko: kusimba kwekuongorora kunowedzera sezvo zvido nemigumisiro yemugari zvichiwedzera.
Ndingapikisa here chisarudzo chakaitwa nekanzuru kana chikasashanda zvakanaka?
Ehe. Kana mhedzisiro yechisarudzo yakakuomera zvakanyanya maererano nechinangwa chayo, unogona kuipikisa kuburikidza nekupikisa uye, kana zvichidikanwa, kukwidza nyaya, uchivimba nepfungwa yekuenzana. Zvakakosha kuti usimbise kusaenzana kwacho zvakananga nemamiriro ako ega uye nedzimwe nzira dzisingaremedzi zvakanyanya.
Musiyano uripo pakati pechirango chinorangwa nechisingarangi?
Chirango chekuranga, chakadai sefaindi yekutonga, chakagadzirirwa kukuvadza uye chagara chichiongororwa zvakanyanya. Chirango chisingarangi kana chekugadzirisa, chakadai semurairo unobhadharwa chirango kana sarudzo yekudzoserwa, chakagadzirirwa kugadzirisa mamiriro ezvinhu. Zvisarudzo izvi zvisingarangi, zvakare, zvino zvaongororwa zvakanyanya zvichipesana nepfungwa yekuenzana.
Chii chinorehwa neMutemo wekusimbisa basa rekuchengetedza reAwb?
Uyu mutemo une chinangwa chekusimbisa basa rekudzivirira reAwb, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu nekuwedzera musimboti wekuenzana (kuburikidza nekuvandudzwa kweChinyorwa 3:4, ndima 2, Awb) uye mamwe matanho ekudzivirira maitiro. Mutemo hausati wave kushanda. Izvi zvinoshandawo kune chinangwa chekugadzirisa Chinyorwa 120 cheBumbiro reMitemo.
Mukati menguva ipi yandinofanira kuramba chisarudzo?
Pamutemo, nguva yekupikisa yemavhiki matanhatu inoshanda, inoverengwa kubva pazuva rakaziviswa sarudzo. Nekuti nguva iyi ipfupi uye dziviriro inofanira kunge yakatsigirwa zvakanaka, zvinokurudzirwa kutsvaga mazano emutemo munguva yakakodzera.
