Kugadzwa kwevagari vemo muNetherlands: mutemo wemakore mashanu, chirongwa chemakore gumi, uye zvinoshanda pari zvino

Kana uchigara muNetherlands nemvumo yekugara uye uchifunga nezvepasipoti yeDutch, pamwe wakamboverenga kuti zvinodiwa zvekugara zvava kuda kupetwa kaviri. Mishumo iyoyo yaive yakarurama payakanyorwa, asi yakakundwa nezviitiko. Chinyorwa chino chinotsanangura zvinodiwa nemutemo musi wa29 Nyamavhuvhu 2026, zvakaitika kuchirongwa chemakore gumi, uye kuti nzira mbiri dzekuenda kunyika yeDutch — kugara munyika iyi uye maitiro ekusarudza — dzakasiyana sei mukuita.

Chikumbiro chemakore gumi chiri papi

Mhinduro pfupi: mutemo wemakore mashanu uchiri kushanda . Zvikumbiro zvekuwedzera nguva kusvika kumakore gumi zvakakurukurwa, asi hapana chakatanga kushanda uye hapana kuwedzerwa kuri mutemo. Chero ani zvake anozadzisa zvinodiwa muchikamu. 8 cheRijkswet op het Nederlanderschap (RWN) nhasi chinogona kushanda nhasi.

Mhinduro yakareba inokosha, nekuti chikumbiro hachina kunyangarika zviri pamutemo uye chinogona kudzoka neimwe nzira.

Zvakataurwa

Musi wa26 Gunyana 2025 dare remakurukota rakaburitsa gwaro reRijkswet rekubvunzana padandemutande: Wijziging van de Rijkswet op het Nederlanderschap ter verlenging van de termijnen voor verlening van het Nederlanderschap . Kubvunzana kwakavharwa kutanga kwaZvita 2025. Kunyorwa kwacho kungave ne:

• yakawedzera chinodiwa chekugara kwepamutemo kubva pamakore mashanu kusvika gumi uye kugara muUmambo;
• yakaunza chinodiwa chekugara kwemakore mashanu kune vakaroorana nevakaroorana vakanyoreswa vezvizvarwa zveDutch, avo parizvino vasina nguva yekugara yakasiyana;
• yakakwidza makore matatu akaderedzwa - kune vanhu vasina kuroorana vari muukama hwakasimba, kune vanhu vasina nyika uye kune vanhu vakuru vanozivikanwa - kusvika kumakore mashanu;
• yakabvisa nzira pfupi yevanhu vane makore gumi ekugara vasingatevedzereki.

Makore gumi ndiwo anodiwa pasi peEuropean Convention on Nationality, saka chikumbiro ichi chakamira padanho repamutemo.

Sei zvisina kuenderera mberi

Zvinhu zvitatu zvakaitika nekukurumidza. Musi wa21 Ndira 2026, Adviescollege toetseng regeldruk yakarayira kuti mutemo uyu usaendeswe nenzira yauripo, ichiona kuti gwaro retsananguro harina kuratidza zvakakwana hukama huripo pakati pechirevo ichi nechinangwa chayo chakataurwa. IND yakazoburitsa yambiro yekuongorora mashandiro emutemo nezvemigumisiro mikuru, kusanganisira kuwanda kwezvikumbiro pakati pekuzivisa nekutanga kushanda, uye kukurudzira nguva yekuchinja kwegore rimwe chete.

Chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti, kusarudzwa kwakaitwa musi wa29 Gumiguru 2025 kwakaburitsa hurumende yakasiyana. Chibvumirano cheD66, VVD neCDA chakaburitswa musi wa30 Ndira 2026 uye dare idzva rakatanga kushanda musi wa23 Kukadzi 2026. Chibvumirano ichocho hachienderere mberi nemakore gumi ekushanda , uye chaigara chichitaurwa panguva iyoyo sechakasiya vanhuwo zvavo. Hapana chakaburitswa kubva ipapo chakachidzosa.

Dambudziko rimwe chete rinofanira kutaurwa. Mumhinduro yemibvunzo yeparamende yemusi wa20 Kukadzi 2026, gurukota riri kusiya basa rakatsanangura bhiri iri seriri kugadzirira, richiendeswa kuchikamu chechitatu chegore ra2026. Mhinduro iyoyo yakabva kuhurumende yemutariri mazuva mashoma isati yapihwa simba uye inoratidza zvirongwa zvekanzuru yekare, kwete zvemubatanidzwa uripo. Hapana bhiri rakadaro rakaunzwa, uye Afdeling advisory van de Raad van State haina kuburitsa pfungwa yekupa mazano pamusoro paro: gwaro harina kupfuura kubvunzurudzwa kwevanhu kwakavhurwa musi wa30 Gunyana 2025 uye kuongororwa kwekushandiswa kweIND kwakatevera. Kana rakabviswa pakarenda yeparamende kana kungosiyiwa risina kurara inyaya yewetgevingskalender pa rijksoverheid.nl, iyo inofanira kuongororwa isati yapa mazano kune chero munhu kuti auye nechikumbiro.

Zvataurwa nemubatanidzwa wepari zvino

• Vane chinzvimbo chehupoteri: makore matanhatu pane mashanu, zvichiratidza mvumo dzechinguvana mbiri dzakatevedzana. Uyu mutsetse muchibvumirano chemubatanidzwa, kwete chishandiso. Kana zvabatanidzwa kuita gwaro rinoonekwa pa internetconsultatie.nl uye wetgevingskalender; kusvikira chimwe chinhu chave kushanda, chikamu 8 cheRijkswet op het Nederlanderschap chinotara makore mashanu emunhu wese.
• Chiyero chemutauro: chiratidzo chekuti chinodiwa chingakwira kubva paA2 kuenda paB1. Izvi hazvisi zvitsva - kutamira kuB1 kwakaiswa pachena kuti kubvunzurudzwe kare muna 2020 sechinjo yeBesluit naturalisatietoets uye haisati yatanga kushanda. A2 inoramba iri nhanho yekushanda.
• Nyika mbiri: hapana zororo; mutemo wekuramba unoramba uri sezvauri.

Nhoroondo inopa zano rechenjedzo kune chero divi. Kuedza kwekupedzisira kuwedzera nguva yacho — bhiri 33852 (R2023), makore mashanu kusvika manomwe — kwakaunzwa muna Ndira 2014 uye kwakarambwa neEerste Kamer musi wa3 Gumiguru 2017.

Zvaizorevei kana ikadzoka

Chinyorwa chacho chaive nemutemo wakajeka wekuchinja: mafomu akatumirwa mutemo mutsva usati watanga kushanda aizosarudzwa pasi pemitemo iripo pazuva rekutumirwa. Zuva raunoisa chikumbiro ndiro zuva rinonyanya kukosha. Kana chikumbiro chakafanana chikadzorerwa, zano racho richave rakafanana nera2025 - kana watokwanisa, usapinda muchikumbiro.

Nzira mbiri dzinoenda kunyika yeDutch

RWN inopa nzira mbiri dzakasiyana. Hadzisi dzimwe nzira dzaunosarudza pakati padzo: unogona kuwira muchikamu chesarudzo kana kuti hauzviwani.

Mamiriro ezvinhu ekugamuchira hugari hwenyika

Kugara zviri pamutemo uye nguva yazvo

Unofanira kunge wagara kwemakore mashanu pasina kukanganiswa muHumambo usati wanyorera, uine mvumo inoshanda pachinangwa ichi - mvumo yekugara kwenguva refu, mvumo yekugara kwenguva refu yeEU, mvumo yehupoteri, kana mvumo isiri yenguva pfupi senge yehupenyu hwemhuri. Mvumo dzinopihwa nechinangwa icho mutemo unoona sechenguva pfupi, senge kudzidza, kazhinji hadziverengerwi. Nguva yemvumo yenguva pfupi inozoshandurwa inyaya yakaoma, uye chikonzero chinowanzo shandiswa kunyorera hachina kuenderera mberi.

Mashoko mapfupi anoshanda mumamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana-siyana pasi pechikamu 8. RWN:

• Vakaroorana nevakaroorana navo vakanyoreswa vechizvarwa cheDutch: hapana makore mashanu ekugara, chero bedzi makaroorana kana kunyoreswa kwemakore matatu uye makagara pamwe chete kwenguva yese. Kune vakaroorana, kugara pamwe chete kungave kwaive kunze kwenyika.
• Vakaroorana vasina kuroorana vechizvarwa cheDutch: makore matatu, muhukama hwakasimba nemugari wekuNetherlands asina kuroora kana kuroorwa.
• Vanhu vasina nyika: makore matatu.
• Vanhu vakawana chizvarwa cheDutch kuburikidza nekuzivikanwa kana kuti pamutemo: makore matatu.
• Vaimbova zvizvarwa zveDutch: hapana nguva yekugara yakasiyana, kunyange hazvo nzira yekusarudza ndiyo inowanzo shandiswa zviri nani.
• Kugara kwenguva refu kusingateedzereki: makore maviri, kwawave uchigara muHumambo kwemakore gumi kana kupfuura.

kusangana

Unofanira kunge wapasa bvunzo yekubatanidzwa kwevanhu, kana bvunzo yekuva vagari, padanho remutauro A2 mukuverenga, kuteerera, kutaura, kunyora uye ruzivo rwevanhu vechiDutch. Zvimwe zvitupa zvedzidzo yesekondari neyepamusoro zveDutch zvinokusunungura. Kusunungurwa kana kuregeredzwa kubva muchisungo chekubatanidzwa pasi pemutemo weWet inburgering hazvingoerekana zvafanana nekusangana nemamiriro ezvinhu ekugamuchirwa kwevanhu, uye izvi zvinogumbura vanhu nguva nenguva.

Kurongeka kwevanhu

Kubvumidzwa kuva mugari wemunyika kunorambwa pasi pechikamu. 9 RWN kana paine fungidziro dzakakomba dzekuti unoisa njodzi kurunyararo rweveruzhinji kana kuchengetedzeka kwenyika. IND inoshandisa Handeling Rijkswet op het Nederlanderschap, iyo inoshanda nenguva yekudzorera makore mana kusvika mashanu isati yasvika mutongo wemhosva dzakabviswa nemurairo wekuranga ( strafbeschikking ), faindi kana mutemo webasa remunharaunda. Handeling haibatanidzi mvumo yekuva mugari wemunyika pachirango chimwe chete chemari che€900 kana kupfuura; pazvirango zvakasiyana-siyana zve€450 kana kupfuura chimwe nechimwe che€1,350 kana kupfuura; pamurairo mumwe chete webasa remunharaunda wemaawa makumi matatu nematanhatu kana kupfuura; pamirairo yakawanda yebasa remunharaunda yemaawa gumi nemasere kana kupfuura chimwe nechimwe cheawa makumi mashanu nemana kana kupfuura; uye pamutongo chero upi zvawo wekuvharirwa, wakamiswa kana usina kumiswa. Matanho emhosva ari kumirira anovhara chikumbiro nenzira imwecheteyo. Kuongororwa kunoitika kusvika panguva yesarudzo, saka mutongo panguva yemaitiro unogona kubvisa chikumbiro chakanga chakanaka pawakaiswa.

Kuzivikanwa uye zvimwe zvinodiwa

Unofanira kunge uine makore gumi nemasere zvichikwira, uchikwanisa kuratidza hunhu hwako uye hunhu hwako nepasipoti inoshanda uye chitupa chekuzvarwa chakanyoreswa zviri pamutemo (kusunungurwa kushoma kunoshanda, kunyanya kune vapoteri vanozivikanwa), usina kuroorana nevanhu vanopfuura mumwe chete, uye uchida kutaura nezvekubatana pamhemberero.

Maitiro esarudzo

Sarudzo iziviso, kwete chikumbiro. Kana ukawira muchikamu chiri muArt. 6 RWN uye ukazadzisa zvinodiwa, kanzuru inosimbisa kuti wawana hugari hweDutch; haipe humbowo hwakakodzera. Hapana kuongororwa kwekubatanidzwa. Zvikamu zvinosanganisira:

• vanhu vakazvarirwa muUmambo vane pekugara panogara ipapo kubva pakuzvarwa;
• vanhu vane dzimba dzavo huru muHumambo kubvira pazera remakore mana;
• vaimbova vagari vekuDutch vanogara muHumambo kwete kwenguva pfupi;
• vakaroorana kana vakaroorana vakanyoreswa vechizvarwa cheDutch, uye vanhu vane makore 65 zvichikwira, mushure memakore gumi nemashanu ekugara muHumambo;
• vanhu vakazvarwa musi wa1 Ndira 1985 usati wasvika kuna amai vechiDutch;
• vana vadiki vanozivikanwa, kana kuti vari pasi pesimba remubereki wekuDutch, nevamwe vanhu vasina nyika.

Kuramba rudzi rwako rwekare hakudikanwi muhurongwa hwekusarudza. Chinhu chakakosha ndechekuti vanhu vanogara muHumambo kwenguva refu vanotanga kugara ikoko, uko kunoshanda. Mamiriro erunyararo rweveruzhinji nemhemberero zvinoshandawo kune sarudzo sezvazvinoita kune kugamuchira hugari hwenyika.

Maitiro, mari yekutenga uye mhemberero

Nzira dzese dziri mbiri dzinotangira pahoro yeguta remuguta kwawakanyoresa, kwete paIND uye kwete paindaneti. Unoita musangano, wopa magwaro wobhadhara mari yacho. Muguta rinoongorora ruzivo rwako zvichienderana neBasisregistratie Personen, roongorora magwaro ako uye rotumira faira kuIND nekurudziro yaro.

Kuti munhu awane kodzero yekugara munyika iyi, IND inoongorora faira racho, uye kana rikapihwa, hugari hweDutch hunopihwa nemutemo wehumambo. Sarudzo yacho inofanira kuitwa mukati megore rimwe chete kubva panguva yabhadharwa mari yacho, muripo wacho wabviswa kana magwaro anodiwa kuti faira rizadziswe agamuchirwa, uye chikumbiro chinogona kuchengetwa kaviri kwemwedzi mitanhatu (art. 9 RWN); mafaira akaomarara - humbowo husina kuganhurirwa, magwaro emamiriro ehurumende asina kukwana, nyaya yemhosva isina kugadziriswa - inogara ichitora nguva yakareba. Kana iri sarudzo, kanzuru pachayo ndiyo inosarudza, kazhinji mukati memwedzi mitatu.

Mari dzeIND kubva musi wa1 Ndira 2026:

• naturalisation, munyoreri mumwechete: €1,139
• kugara uri wechizvarwa chenyika, nemumwe wako: €1,454
• kugadzwa kwehugari, mwero wakaderera wevanhu vasina nyika uye vane mapemiti ehupoteri: €847 vasina kuroora kana kuroorwa, €1,163 nemumwe wavo
• mwana mudiki anozvarwa ari chizvarwa chemhuri nemubereki: €168
• sarudzo, kuzivisa chimwe chete: €241
• sarudzo, nemudiwa: €412
• mwana mudiki anobatanidzwa mukuzivisa sarudzo: €27

Mari idzi dzakatanga kushanda musi wa1 Ndira 2026, zvichiratidza huwandu hwe4.4 muzana hwehuwandu hwa2025, uye dzakaburitswa muStaatscourant sechigadziriso cheHandleiding Rijkswet op het Nederlanderschap 2003. Dzinonyorwazve musi wa1 Ndira wega wega. Mari yacho haidzoserwe kana chikumbiro chikarambwa.

Sarudzo yakanaka haingoiti kuti uve muDutch chete. Unofanira kupinda mhemberero yekugamuchira vagari vemo uye kutaura chibvumirano muchiDutch, iwe pachako, mukati megore rimwe chete mushure mesarudzo. Kana ukasadaro, sarudzo yacho inopera uye unofanira kutanga — wobhadhara — zvakare.

Nyika mbiri

Maonero eNetherlands panyaya yekuva nerudzi rwenyika mbiri haana kuenzana, izvo zvinokonzeresa kuvhiringidzika kukuru. Munhu anobvuma kuva nerudzi rwechivanhu anofanira kuita zvese zvaanogona kuti arambe rudzi rwake rwaari narwo (art. 9 RWN). Mugari weDutch wekuzvarwa haafanire kutarisirwa kudaro, asi anotarisana nenjodzi yakasiyana, inotsanangurwa pazasi.

Kusabvumirwa kwacho kwakakura, uye mukuita, vazhinji vanonyorera vanowira mukati memumwe chete. Hapana kuramba kunodiwa kana, pakati pezvimwe zviitiko:

• wakaroora kana kuti wakanyoreswa nemumwe wako wechizvarwa cheDutch;
• wakazvarirwa muUmambo uye unogara ikoko panguva yekunyorera;
• une gwaro rekugara muhupoteri kana kuti uri mupoteri anozivikanwa;
• Nyika yawakabva haibvumidze kuramba, mumutemo kana mukuita;
• Kuramba kwaizodhura mari yakawanda kana kukonzera kurasikirwa kukuru kwemari, semuenzaniso kodzero dzenhaka;
• Kuramba basa remauto kunoda kuti utange wapedza basa rechiuto;
• nyika yako inongoerekana yaparara kana wawana nyika yeDutch chero zvodini;
• uri mwana mudiki;
• nyika yenyu ibato reSecond Protocol kuStrasbourg Convention.

Kana kuregererwa kuchishanda zvinoenderana nenyika yako nemamiriro ako ezvinhu, uye zvakakodzera kuziva usati waendesa chikumbiro chako.

Kurasikirwa nerudzi rweDutch nekuwana rumwe rudzi

Njodzi yemufananidzo wegirazi iri mumifananidzo. 15 RWN: munhu mukuru wekuDutch anowana imwe nyika anozvidira anorasikirwa nerudzi rwekuDutch nekushanda kwemutemo, nekukasika uye pasina sarudzo inotorwa. Pane zvimwe zvinosiyana - kunyanya kwawakaberekerwa kune imwe nyika uye waive nemusha wako mukuru ikoko pawakauwana, kwawakagara ikoko kwemakore mashanu usati wasvitsa makore gumi nemasere, uye kwawakaroorwa nechizvarwa chenyika iyoyo. Kugara kune imwe nyika usina kutarisa izvi pakutanga chikanganiso chinodhura.

Kurasikirwa nerudzi rweDutch nekuda kwekugara kwenguva refu kunze kwenyika

Mugari wekuDutch ane imwe nyika anorasikirwa nerudzi rwekuDutch nekuda kwemutemo mushure memakore gumi nematatu ekugara kunze kweNetherlands neEuropean Union pasina kukanganiswa. Nguva iyi yaive makore gumi kusvika Rijkswet ya17 Mbudzi 2021 yatsiva "makore gumi" ne "makore gumi nematatu" muchikamu 15; shanduko iyi yakatanga kushanda musi wa1 Kubvumbi 2022.

Nguva yacho inomiswa, uye inotanga patsva, nekunge munhu agara muNetherlands kana EU, uye nekupihwa pasipoti yeDutch inoshanda, kadhi rekuzivikanwa reDutch kana chiziviso chepamutemo chekuva nerudzi rweDutch (art. 15 RWN). Mugumisiro unoshanda ndewekuti kuvandudza pasipoti yeDutch isati yapera haisi tsika yekutonga kune vagari vekuDutch vari kunze kwenyika; ndizvo zvinoita kuti rudzi rwurambe rwuripo.

Kurasikirwa nega kwega hakusi kuguma kwenyaya yacho nguva dzose. MuTjebbes (Dare reJustice reEuropean Union, 12 Kurume 2019, C-221/17, ECLI:EU:C:2019:189) Dare rakatonga kuti kana kurasikirwa nerudzi rweDutch kuchirevawo kurasikirwa nerudzi rweEU, mhedzisiro yacho inofanira kuongororwa kuti ionekwe zvakaenzana munyaya yega yega. RWN yakagadziriswa mukupindura, uye art. 6 RWN ikozvino inopa nzira yesarudzo inobvumira vamwe vanhu vakarasikirwa nerudzi rweDutch nekushanda kwemutemo kuti varudzore.

Children

Vana vadiki vanogona kubatanidzwa muchikumbiro chekuzvarwa kwevabereki kana kuti chibvumirano chekusarudza vowana chizvarwa chekuDutch nemubereki iyeye, nemari yakaderedzwa. Havanyore bvunzo yekubatanidzwa.

Mitemo yemhemberero inosiyana zvichienderana nezera. Vana vari pasi pemakore gumi nematanhatu havafanirwe kupinda, asi vanongofanira kuva vechiDutch chete kana mubereki apinda uye akapa chiziviso. Vana vane makore gumi nematanhatu negumi nemanomwe vanofanira kupinda ivo pachavo, vozvipa chiziviso ivo pachavo uye vobvumirana. Vana vari pakati pemakore gumi nemaviri negumi nemashanu vanobvunzwa maonero avo.

Vana vanogonawo kurasikirwa nahwo: pasi pechikamu. 16 RWN mwana mudiki anowanzo tevera mubereki anorasikirwa nerudzi rweDutch, zvichienderana nezvisizvo - kunyanya kana mumwe mubereki achiramba ari muDutch, kana kuti mwana akaberekerwa, kana kuti akagara makore mashanu, munyika ine rudzi rwaanowana.

Izvi zvinorevei mukuita

Kana ukasangana nezvinodiwa zvemakore mashanu izvozvi, nyaya yekunyorera izvozvi iri nyore. Kwete nekuti mutemo wemakore gumi wava pedyo - kwete pari zvino - asi nekuti gwara rekufamba pamusoro penyika rave richinetsa kwemakore anopfuura gumi, mitemo yekuchinja pano inonyanya kukoshesa zuva rekutumira, uye kugadziriswa kwatove kunotora gore. Kana mamiriro ako ezvinhu akaoma - nhoroondo isina kujeka yemvumo, nyaya yemhosva, chinzvimbo chisina chokwadi chekuramba, magwaro anobva kunyika isina kunyoreswa kwevanhu - gadzirisa mibvunzo iyoyo usati waenda kuhofisi yeguta, kwete mushure mekuramba.

Kugadzwa kuva mugari wenyika haisiriyo nzira yega. Kana usati wava nechokwadi chekuti ndeipi nzira inoshanda kwauri, ongororo yedu yemaitiro ekuva mugari weDutch inoratidza maitiro ekugara munyika iyoyo uye nzira pfupi, uye maitirwo ekuziva kuti ndeipi inokodzera mamiriro ako ezvinhu.