Kunyengedza mukukakavadzana kwemutemo kunopindurwa nechinyorwa, kwete nekuongorora. Kana muvengi akashandura zvibvumirano, akaviga ruzivo kana kuramba achiwedzera kusawirirana, chinochinja mhedzisiro yacho imagwaro. Matare eDutch anosarudza pane chokwadi chinotaurwa uye chakasimbiswa, uye bato rinochinja chinzvimbo, rinovanza magwaro kana kuramba kushandira pamwe rinopinda mumitemo yakagadzirirwa izvozvo chaizvo: basa rekupa chokwadi chakakodzera zvizere uye zvechokwadi, kodzero yekukumbira kuongororwa kwemagwaro chaiwo, uye kurasikirwa nemugove mupfuma yakavanzwa nemaune. Chinyorwa chino chinotsanangura maitiro ekuziva maitiro iwayo munyaya, maitiro ekunyora, uye kuti ndeapi mashandisirwo emitemo anopa mutemo weDutch.
Chinhu chimwe chekutanga. Hatitumidzi mapoka anopikisana mazita. Kuzvikudza izwi rekiriniki, uye kana richishanda kune chero ani zvake inyaya yenyanzvi ine hunyanzvi, kwete yekambani yemagweta kana dare. Mufaira repamutemo izwi iri harina zvarinoreva: chinonyanya kukosha maitiro anogona kuratidzwa, uye mhedzisiro inosanganisirwa nemutemo kwariri. Vaverengi vanoda mamiriro emutemo wemhuri vakakura vachawana muchinyorwa chedu pamusoro pevanozvikudza nemutemo , uye mubvunzo chaiwo wezvinhu zvakavigwa unotaurwa mukuzvikudza nekugovana midziyo.
Kuchinja-chinja kunoita sei mufaira remhosva
Kunyengedza mugakava repamutemo kunoonekwa nemhedzisiro yaro pafaira kwete nepfungwa dzaro. Zvibvumirano zvakaitwa nemuromo zvinorambwa kana kududzirwa patsva mushure mezvo. Mabasa anodzoserwa shure, kuitira kuti mhosva yawaida kuita itange yaitwa pamusoro pako. Ruzivo rwemari runosvika rusina kukwana, kunonoka kana kusatomboonekwa zvachose: account yekubhangi isina kutaurwa, bhonasi inotsanangurwa sechikwereti, bhizinesi risingawane purofiti mugore rekurambana. Kutaurirana kunochinjana pakati pekutumirana kwemashoko akawandisa nekunyarara kwakazara, uye zvikumbiro kubva kugweta rako hazvipindurwi kusvika nguva yekupedzisira yapera.
Mukati menyaya, maitiro akafanana anoonekwa sekukakavadzana kwemitemo: zvikumbiro zvinodzokororwa zvekumbomira, pfungwa itsva dzakataurwa panguva yekupedzisira, magwaro akagadzirwa ari zvidimbu, zvichemo kune vamwe vanhu, uye zvichemo zvakakomba asi zvisati zvamboonekwa zvakajeka. Munyaya dzine chekuita nevana zvinowanzoita sekuchinjana kwezvirongwa zvekupa mwana, kuzivisa mumwe mubereki kunonoka, kana kuratidza mwana seasingadi pasina chikonzero chinosimbiswa.
Hapana chimwe chazvo chisingawanzoitiki uye hapana chimwe chazvo chisingagadzirisiki, asi zvinoda nzira yakasiyana yekushanda. Kana gakava rakajairika rikagona kuitirwa pahwaro hwenyaya, nyaya yerudzi urwu inotongwa pasi pemutemo: chibvumirano chese chakanyorwa, nguva yekupedzisira yese yakanyorwa, zvese zvinopomerwa zvinopindurwa negwaro kwete nemanzwiro. Iro harisi makwikwi ehunhu; ikutarisira mafaira, uye ndiro basa raunodzora.
Sei zita racho risingakoshi kupfuura humbowo?
Maitiro ehurumende yeDutch akavakirwa pane zvinotaurwa nemasangano uye zvinoratidzwa. Bato rinopa mhedzisiro yemutemo yechokwadi chinotaurwa rine mutoro wekuratidza, uye dare rakasununguka mukuongorora kwaro humbowo hwakapihwa kunze kwekunge mutemo uchipa zvimwe. Kupomerwa pamusoro pemumwe munhu hakuchinji mutoro iwoyo uye hakurevi kuti kune huremu; seti yemaemail anoratidza kuti chibvumirano chakaitwa ndokuzorambwa ndizvo zvinoita.
Chikamu 21 cheMutemo weMaitiro eVanhu chinomanikidza mapato kuti ataure chokwadi chakakodzera chisarudzo chacho zvizere uye zvechokwadi. Kubva pakagadziridzwa mutemo weuchapupu wakatanga kushanda musi wa1 Ndira 2025, basa iroro rakawedzerwa: mapato anotarisirwa kuunganidza ruzivo runogona kuwanikwa musati matanga nyaya, uye dare rinogona kuwana mhedziso yarinoona yakakodzera kana bato rikakundikana kuita izvozvo kana kupa chokwadi chisina kukwana. Ndiyo gadziriro yekushandisa kana rimwe divi rikapa mufananidzo usina kukwana, uye inoshanda zvakanyanya kupfuura nharo pamusoro pezvikonzero.
Kugadziriswa kumwe chete uku kwakavandudza mukana wekuwana magwaro akabatwa nerimwe bato. Kodzero yekuongorora zvinyorwa zvakati, zvaimbozivikanwa nenhamba yaro yekare yechinyorwa, ikozvino yatsanangurwa muzvinyorwa 194 kusvika 195a zveMutemo weMaitiro eVanhu, uye muganho wakaderedzwa kubva pakuva nechido chepamutemo kuenda kukuva nechido chakakwana. Zvinyorwa zvedu pamusoro pemitemo mitsva yeuchapupu mumatare edzimhosva eDutch uye pamusoro pekodzero yakagadziriswa yekuongorora humbowo zvinotsanangura kuti chikumbiro chakadaro chinorongwa sei.
Kuvaka rekodhi inoenderera mberi
Tanga nepfungwa yekuti zvisina kunyorwa hazvina kuitika. Simbisa zvibvumirano zvemuromo pazuva iroro ne email zvisina kurongwa, chengeta mhinduro, uye chengetawo kusavapo kwemhinduro. Dzorera kutaurirana kuburikidza nenzira imwe chete, uye kana vana vanobatanidzwa funga nezve chishandiso chekutaurirana kwevabereki kana kero imwe chete ye email inoshandiswa chete nechinangwa ichocho; inogadzira chinyorwa chenguva chisingazogadziriswe mushure mezvo. Chengeta chinyorwa chechokwadi chine mazuva, nguva, zvakabvumiranwa, zvakaitika uye kuti ndiani aivepo, uye chinyore sezvaunoda kuti chiverengerwe: chokwadi, kwete zvipikiso.
Magwaro emari anofanirwawo kurangwa zvakafanana. Makopi emagwaro ebhangi akabatana, magwaro emortgage, magwaro epenjeni, maakaundi egore negore uye mafomu emitero paunenge uchiri kukwanisa kuwana zviri pamutemo, uye nyora kuti ndeapi magwaro aripo kunyangwe usingakwanise kuawana, nekuti tsananguro chaiyo ndiyo inoita kuti chikumbiro chekuongorora chisimbiswe. Chikumbiro chetsamba dzese dzinopfuura makore mashanu chichakundikana; chikumbiro chemaakaundi egore negore uye magwaro eakaundi aripo ekambani ine zita rekuti ndeyegore rakataurwa rekuti hazvizokwanisike.
Pane miganhu, uye kuidarika kunokanganisa chinzvimbo chako. Kurekodha hurukuro yaunobatanidzwa iwe pachako haisi mhosva muNetherlands, uye kurekodha kwakadaro kunogona kushandiswa mumatare edzimhosva, kunyangwe dare richiongorora kuti yakawanikwa sei uye kana zvichidikanwa; kurekodha hurukuro pakati pevamwe vasingazive imhosva yemhosva. Kuverenga mumwe munhu e-mail, kupinda muakaundi isiri yako kana kuisa software yekutevera pane mumwe munhu mudziyo kunogona kureva kupinda mukombuta uye kutyora zvakanyanya zvakavanzika, uye humbowo hunowanikwa nenzira iyoyo hunogona kushandura nyaya pamusoro pemaitiro emumwe munhu kuita nyaya pamusoro pako. Kana usina chokwadi, bvunza usati waita chimwe chinhu pane kuti uite mushure mezvo.
Kusvika kumagwaro kune rimwe divi hakuzopi
Kana ruzivo rwakavigwa, mutemo unopa nzira dzakasiyana siyana uye dzinogona kubatanidzwa. Chikumbiro chekuongorora pasi pemutemo weCode of Civil Procedure chinomanikidza bato kuti ripe magwaro chaiwo, chero bedzi bato riri kukumbira riine chido chakakwana uye richiratidza magwaro acho nemazvo. Pamberi penyaya kana kunze kwenyaya, matanho ekutanga anogona kukumbirwa: kunzwa kwezvapupu, mushumo wenyanzvi kana kuongorora, uye kubva pakuvandudzwa kwa2025, akawanda acho anogona kukumbirwa muchikumbiro chimwe chete.
Munyaya dzewanano pane mutemo wekuwedzera uye wakapinza. Vakaroorana vanofanira kutaurirana zvizere nezvekuumbwa kwepfuma yemumhuri, uye mumwe murume kana mukadzi anoviga, anoviga kana kushandisa pfuma yemumhuri nemaune anorasikirwa nemugove wake mupfuma iyoyo kune mumwe mukadzi pasi peChikamu 3:194, ndima 2, yeCivil Code. Icho hachisi chirango chekufananidzira: pfuma yese inoenda kune mumwe munhu. Kuzivisa chinangwa kunoda humbowo, ndosaka magwaro ebhangi, kutumirwa kumhuri uye nguva yekutengeswa kwezvinhu zvichikosha kupfuura chero hunhu hwemunhu.
Nyaya dzekuchengetedza vana dzine maitiro adzo. Bato risingape ruzivo rwemari haringatarisiri kuti dare ritore mari yakanaka; dare rinogona kuenderera mberi neruzivo rwuripo uye kuwana mhedziso kubva pakuramba kupa yasara. Kana mari ikaderedzwa nemaune kana bhizinesi rikashandiswa kuderedza kugona kuri pachena kubhadhara, kuverenga kwekuchengetedza kunogona kubva pakuwana mari kwete pamari yakaziviswa, chero bedzi mufananidzo wacho wakasimbiswa. Ongororo yedu yemutemo wekuchengeta vana muNetherlands inobata nemibvunzo yakafanana nezvevana.
Vana: kuchengetedza kusawirirana kubva pakurongwa
Kana vabereki vasingabvumirani, dare ndiro rinoronga hurongwa hwacho. Hurongwa hwekurera vana ndiyo pokutangira, uye kana hukanyatsojeka, nzvimbo shoma yekududzira patsva inosara: mazuva nenguva dzakatarwa, nzvimbo yekutambidza mwana, hurongwa hwezororo hwakatarwa pagore, mitemo yekuzivisana uye maitiro ekuchinja. Mashoko asina kujeka akadai sepakutaurirana kwepamoyo ndiwo anochengeterwa kusawirirana.
Kana gadziriro ikasatevedzerwa, pane nzira dzekumanikidza. Murairo wedare unogona kusimbiswa nekubhadhara chirango chekutyora kwega kwega, uye mumamiriro ezvinhu ekukurumidzira matanho epfupiso anogona kupa sarudzo mukati memavhiki. Kana gakava riri pamusoro penzvimbo yemwana kwete pamusoro pevabereki, dare rinogona kusarudza mumiriri akakosha wemwana, uye rinogona kukumbira Bhodhi reKutarisira Vana neDziviriro (Raad voor de Kinderbescherming) kuti riongorore uye ripe mazano. Kuchinja mukugoverwa kwesimba revabereki kana mudzimba huru kunogoneka asi kwakasiyana, uye kunoda mufananidzo wakasimba nekufamba kwenguva kwete chiitiko chimwe chete.
Zvichemo zvekuti mumwe mubereki ari kutsamwisa mwana zvakajairika mumafaira aya uye zvinotorwa zvakakomba, asi zvinoda rutsigiro: gwaro rekukanzurana kwemwana, meseji, zvaakaudzwa uye kuti zvakamboitwa riini, uye zviri nani kucherechedzwa nenyanzvi yakaona mhuri yacho. Kupomerwa kusina rutsigiro irworwo kunowanzova nemigumisiro yakaipa, nekuti kunokoka kuongororwa kwakafanana kwemunhu ari kuzviita.
Kana maitiro ava kusatenderwa kana kuti ava mhosva
Humwe hunhu hunopfuura kuoma uye hunova hunogona kutorwa. Kugara uchisangana nemunhu usingamudi, kumutevera, kumutarisa kana kumusvika kakawanda kunogona kureva kumutevera (kumutevera) pasi pechikamu 285b cheCriminal Code; imhosva inongopomerwa chete kana munhu wacho anyunyuta, saka kunyunyuta kwacho kunodiwa pane kungotaura chete. Kutyisidzira imhosva yakasiyana, uye kupomerwa mhosva yenhema kunoitwa kuzviremera kunogonawo kuva mhosva imwe chete. Kana kutaura chokwadi chenhema kuchiparadzirwa kunokuvadza mukurumbira wako, kusvibisa zita rako nekunyomba zvinorangwa, uye maitiro akafanana anogona kunge asiri pamutemo mumutemo wehurumende uye kukonzera kukuvara.
Munyaya dzematare edzimhosva, kurambidzwa kusangana nevanhu, kurambidzwa kwenzvimbo kana murairo wekubvisa zvinyorwa zvepaindaneti zvinogona kuwanikwa muchidimbu, zvichisimbiswa nemuripo wechirango. Mumamiriro ezvinhu emhirizhonga yemumba, meya anogona kuisa murairo wekusabatanidzwa mudzimba kwenguva pfupi kumunhu ari kukonzera kutyisidzira, izvo zvinoita kuti pave nenzvimbo yekufema nekukurumidza pasina chero nyaya dzekurambana; Veilig Thuis ndiye munhu wekutaurirana naye kuti awane mazano nemishumo. Kana nyaya pachadzo dzichishandiswa sechombo, chikumbiro chisina hwaro chinogona kureva kushandiswa zvisirizvo kwemutemo wemaitiro, izvo zvinogona kutungamira kumurairo wekubhadhara mari chaiyo yenyaya pane mari yakatarwa yakatarwa.
Nyevero inoshanda pamusoro pesocial media inoshanda kune vese vari vaviri: kunyora nezvemumwe mubereki, nyaya yacho kana vana kunogona kunge kusiri pamutemo, kunogona kushandiswa seuchapupu uye kunogona kukanganisa zvinofungwa nedare nezvemutongo wako. Mutemo wakachengeteka panguva yekutongwa kwenyaya ndeyekusaburitsa chero chinhu nezvenyaya yacho zvachose.
Kumhanya kwemaitiro: kunonoka, kutaurirana uye mari
Kunonoka ndiyo nzira inonyanya kunyunyutwa nevatengi, uye ndiyo nzira iyo dare rakanyatsogadzirira kubata nayo. Mitemo yekudzivirira inogadzwa nedare, kuwedzerwa kwenguva hakusi kusina muganho, uye magwaro anoburitswa kunonoka anogona kuregeredzwa. Kana chisarudzo chikasakwanisika kumirira, matanho echinguvana mumatanho ekurambana anogona kugadzirisa kushandiswa kwemba, pekugara kwevana uye mari yekuchengetedza kwenguva pfupi mukati menguva pfupi, uye mune dzimwe nyaya dzemuchidimbu dzinoshanda chinangwa chimwe chete. Kukumbira matanho iwayo nekukurumidza kunowanzo dhura pane kudzikamisa mwedzi yekusava nechokwadi.
Kuyananisa kunokosha kana mapato ese ari maviri achida zvechokwadi kuti pave nechirongwa chinoshanda uye anogona kutaurirana zvakaenzana. Kana rimwe bato rikashandisa nzira iyi kuunganidza ruzivo, kumisa nyaya, kana kutauriranazve pamusoro penyaya dzatogadziriswa, kuyanana kunova nzira inodhura yekurasikirwa nenguva, uye nzira yedare ndiyo yakakodzera. Ongororo iyoyo inofanira kuitwa nemaune pakutanga uye kudzokororwazve kamwe chete, pane kusiyiwa ichingofamba-famba.
Mari dzinofanira kukurukurwa zvechokwadi pakutanga. Faira rinofanira kuvakwa negwaro rinodhura kupfuura rimwe rinoitwa pachibvumirano, uye mutemo wekubhadhara mari mumatare eDutch unongovhara chikamu chemari chaiyo. Ndicho chikonzero chekusarudza: tevera zvinhu zvinoshandura mhedzisiro, nyora zvimwe, uye dzivisa muedzo wekupindura kudenhwa kwese netsamba.
Zvekuita izvozvi
Kugadzirisa nyaya dzemakakatanwa emutemo kunotanga nekunyora. Isa zvinhu mugwara rekutanga: gwaro rechokwadi, kusimbiswa kwakanyorwa kwechibvumirano chega chega, nzira imwe chete yekutaurirana uye magwaro ese emari aunogona kuwana zviri pamutemo. Nyora zvakanaka kuti ndeapi magwaro aunoziva kuti aripo asi asina, nekuti runyorwa irworwo runova chikumbiro chekuongorora. Sarudza, negweta rako, kuti ndeapi mapoinzi maviri kana matatu anosarudza mhedzisiro yacho, uye gadzira faira rakatenderedza izvozvo kwete zvese zvakaitika.
Wobva waita chimwe chinhu. Chengetedza nyanzvi yaunovimba nayo kuti ikubatsire, ingave nyanzvi yezvekurapa kana kuti mupi wezano; kana paine mhirizhonga kana kutyisidzirwa, Veilig Thuis nemapurisa ndivo vakakodzera, uye gweta rinogona kukurumidza kuvabatsira. Kumbira munhu waunovimba naye kuti averenge mameseji akakosha usati waatumira. Hapana chimwe chezvizvi chiri chishandiso chepamutemo, asi ndicho chinoita kuti maitiro akareba arambe aripo uye chinoita kuti tsamba ishandiswe seuchapupu.
Law & More inobatsira vatengi mumakakatanwa emhuri neveruzhinji umo mumwe munhu anovanza ruzivo, anoramba zvibvumirano kana kushandisa matanho ekumanikidza. Tinoshanda pafaira: kuchengetedza humbowo, kukumbira kuongororwa kwemagwaro, kukumbira matanho echinguvana uye, pazvinenge zvichidikanwa, kuwana kurambidzwa kwekutaurirana kana nzvimbo. Tinoshanda tichimiririra Dutch ne international clients kubva kumahofisi edu mu Eindhoven uye AmsterdamNdapota taura nesu kana uchida kuti chinzvimbo chako chiongororwe.
