Mutemo wemakambani ekuDutch unoisa zvinodiwa pakuenzana kwevanhurume nevanhukadzi mumabhodhi emakambani makuru. Kumakambani akanyorwa, chikamu chepamutemo chinoshanda: bhodhi revatariri rinofanira kunge riine vakadzi vanosvika chikamu chimwe muzvitatu uye varume vanosvika chikamu chimwe muzvitatu, uye musangano usingabatsire pakuenzana ikoko hauna basa - chigaro chinongoramba chisina munhu. Makambani makuru kazhinji anofanirwa kuzvigadzirira zvinangwa zvawo zvakakodzera uye zvine chinangwa zvebhodhi revatariri, bhodhi revatariri nevatungamiriri vakuru, kugadzira hurongwa hwekuzvizadzisa, uye kushuma gore rega rega nezvekufambira mberi.
Mahurumende maviri aya anowanzo vhiringika. Chiverengero chezvikwereti mutemo wakaoma une chirango chepamutemo uye unoshanda chete kumakambani akanyorwa; hurongwa hwacho hunoshanda kuboka rakakura uye hunosimbiswa kuburikidza nekujeka kwete nekubvisa mari.
Chii chinochinja chirongwa chekuvandudza mutemo weNV?
Imwe nzira yakasiyana yemutemo ine chinangwa chekuvandudza mutemo wekambani yeruzhinji (NV), iyo inonyanya kushandiswa nemabhizinesi makuru uye akanyorwa pasi. Sekureva kwetsanangudzo, chinangwa ndechekubvisa mitemo iyo mabhizinesi anoona mukuita seanodzvinyirira zvisina kufanira. Tataura pfungwa huru pazasi; chirongwa ichi hachisati chaitwa.
Imwe pfungwa yekutarisisa inzvimbo yevanogovana minda midiki . Nekuti NV parizvino ine rusununguko rwakakura rwekuzvironga, vanogovana minda midiki vanogona kupedzisira vasungwa nezvisarudzo zvevazhinji, kunyanya pamusangano mukuru. Kudzivirira zvido zvevanogovana minda midiki kuti zvisanyanyiswe, chikumbiro ichi chichavapa dziviriro yakawedzerwa, semuenzaniso nekukumbira mvumo yavo pane zvimwe zvisarudzo.
Imwe pfungwa ndeye share capital inosungirwa . Pasi pechikumbiro ichi, NV, seBV, haichadiwi kutaura share capital (huwandu hwehuwandu hwemasheya ese) muzvinyorwa zvayo zvesangano. Pfungwa ndeyekupa mabhizinesi anoshandisa NV mukana wakawanda wekuunganidza mari vasina kutanga vagadzirisa zvinyorwa zvacho.
Kana zvinyorwa zvesangano zvichitaura share capital, chikamu chimwe muzvishanu chayo chinofanirwa kupihwa pasi pechirongwa ichi. Zvinodiwa zvishoma zvemari yakaburitswa uye yakabhadharwa yeNV hazvikanganisike neizvi: zvese zvinofanirwa kunge zvichiri kusvika €45,000, pasi pechinyorwa 2:67 cheDutch Civil Code (niet opnieuw gecontroleerd).
Chikumbiro ichi chaizounzawo pfungwa yatove inozivikanwa kubva kumutemo weBV mumutemo weNV: migove ine zita rakati . Zita rinobvumira kambani kubatanidza kodzero dzakati kumigove mukati mekirasi imwe chete kana kupfuura dziripo, pasina kufanira kugadzira kirasi itsva yemigove. Zvinyorwa zvesangano zvinotsanangura chaizvo kuti ndedzipi kodzero dzakabatanidzwa; muridzi wemigove yakajairika ine zita rakati anogona, semuenzaniso, kupihwa kodzero chaiyo yekudzora inotsanangurwa muzvinyorwa.
Chikumbiro ichi chinotaurawo nezvekodzero dzekuvhota dzevaya vanovimbisa nevanotora chikamu chemari yavo . Izvi zvinojekesa kuti kodzero dzekuvhota pamigove yakavimbiswa kana yakamanikana dzinogonawo kupihwa pane imwe nguva inotevera, zvichienderana nemamiriro ekumisa akaiswa kana kodzero yekuvimbisa kana kushandisa chikamu chemari yavo yasimbiswa. Izvi zvinozoita kuti mutemo weNV uenderane nechinzvimbo chiri kutoshanda pasi pemutemo weBV.
Chikumbiro ichi chinewo shanduko pakuita sarudzo . Pasi pemutemo uripo, vagovani nevamwe vanhu vane kodzero dzekusangana vanogona kusarudza kunze kwemusangano chaiwo kana zvinyorwa zvesangano zvichibvumira; izvi hazvigoneke zvachose kana kambani ine migove kana kuti yakaburitsa marisiti ekuisa migove, uye chero sarudzo yakadaro inofanira kuitwa nevose. Pasi pechikumbiro ichi, kuita sarudzo kunze kwemusangano kwaizokwanisika senzvimbo yekutanga, chero bedzi munhu wese ane kodzero dzekusangana achibvumirana, uye zvaizokwanisikawo kuti NV iite musangano wayo mukuru kunze kweNetherlands - zvakakosha kune NV dzine vagovani vepasi rose.
Chekupedzisira, chikumbiro ichi chinotarisa mari yekuisa NV . Izvi zvaizobvumira kambani pachayo, kwete chete vanotanga kambani, kuti ibhadhare mari idzi kubva panguva yekuisa kambani, zvichibvisa kudiwa kwekuti bhodhi ribvumidze mitemo yakakodzera mushure mezvo. Izvi zvinogonawo kubvisa chisungo chekuisa mari yekuumba kambani kuTrade Register, zvichiratidza shanduko yatoitwa kuBV.
Chiyero chevarume nevakadzi cheNVs chiri papi parizvino?
Kusiyana nechikumbiro chekuvandudza mitemo yeNV, mitemo yekuenzana kwevanhurume nevanhukadzi vari pamusoro pemakambani makuru yakatochinja: kubvira musi wa1 Ndira 2022, chikamu chatsanangurwa pamusoro apa chinoshanda kumabhodhi ekutarisira emakambani akanyorwa. Pfungwa huru yehurumende ndeyekuti vakuru vakasiyana-siyana vanotungamira pakuita sarudzo dziri nani uye mhedzisiro yebhizinesi.
Makambani makuru kazhinji - kwete maNV akanyorwa chete - anofanira kuzvigadzirira nhamba dzawo dzakakodzera uye dzine chinangwa chikuru dzebhodhi rekutungamira, bhodhi rekutarisira nevatungamiriri vakuru, kuronga hurongwa hwekuzadzisa izvi, uye kuzivisa kufambira mberi. Kumakambani akanyorwa zvakananga, bhodhi rekutarisira rinofanira kusvika kuvarume vanosvika chikamu chimwe muzvitatu uye vakadzi vanosvika chikamu chimwe muzvitatu.
Semuenzaniso, bhodhi revatariri rine vanhu vatatu rinowanzoda murume mumwe chete nemukadzi mumwe chete kuti vasangane nechiyero ichocho chechikamu chimwe muzvitatu/chikamu chimwe muzvitatu. Kugadzwa kusingabatsire pachiyero chechikamu chimwe nechimwe chezvikamu makumi matatu kusvika makumi manomwe (30/70) hakuna basa; izvi hazvikanganisi kushanda kwezvisarudzo zvakaitwa nebhodhi pamwe chete nemunhu akagadzwa kusina basa.
Muchidimbu, idzi nzira mbiri dzakasiyana. Mitemo yekuenzana kwevanhurume nevanhukadzi yebhodhi revatariri uye hurongwa hwevanhu vanotarirwa hwatove kushanda. Kuvandudzwa kwakakura kwemutemo weNV - kuchengetedzwa kwevane migove vashoma, masheya, migove yakatarwa, kodzero dzekuvhota dzechivimbiso neusufructuary, kuita sarudzo kunze kwemisangano uye mari yekubatanidzwa - ichiri chirongwa chemutemo uye hachisati chatanga kushanda.
Muenzaniso unoratidza
Ngatitii NV yakanyorwa inogadza director mutsva wekutarisira, uye mushure mekugadzwa ikoko, bhodhi rine vakadzi vaviri nemurume mumwe chete. Mhedzisiro iyoyo iri mukati mechiyero chechikamu chimwe muzvitatu/chikamu chimwe muzvitatu, saka kugadzwa kwacho kunoshanda. Dai bhodhi rakazopedzisira rava nevarume vatatu, kugadzwa kwakakonzera mhedziso iyoyo kwaizove kusina basa nekushanda kwemutemo, uye chigaro chaizoramba chisina munhu kusvika munhu anotevedzera mitemo asarudzwa. Zvimwe zvisarudzo zvebhodhi zvakatorwa panguva ino zvicharamba zviripo.
Mibvunzo inowanzobvunzwa
Ko chikamu chemari chinoshanda kukambani yangu here?
Chikamu chakaoma chechikamu chimwe muzvitatu/chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chinoshanda chete kubhodhi revatariri veNV dzakanyorwa. Kana kambani yenyu isina kunyorwa, hurongwa hwenhamba yakatarwa hunogona kuramba huchishanda kana yasangana nezvinodiwa zvehukuru hwekambani hombe; tikumbirei kuti tiongorore izvi kuti tione mamiriro enyu chaiwo.
Kuvandudzwa kwemutemo weNV kwatove kushanda here?
Kwete. Ipfungwa yemutemo inogona kurerutsa mitemo yakati wandei yeNV, yakadai semari yekugovana masheya uye kuita sarudzo kunze kwemusangano. Kusvika pakagadzwa mutemo weNV, mutemo wepari zvino unoramba uchishanda zvizere.
Muchidimbu
- Makambani akanyorwa anofanira kutosvika pachikamu chimwe muzvitatu/chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chebhodhi ravo rekutarisira; kugadzwa kusingatevedzeri mitemo hakushandi uye chigaro chinoramba chisina munhu.
- Makambani makuru kazhinji anofanirwa kuzvigadzirira nhamba dzaanoda dzebhodhi revatungamiriri, bhodhi revatariri nevatungamiriri vakuru, uye kuzivisa kufambira mberi.
- Chikumbiro chakasiyana, chichiripo, chaizovandudza mutemo weNV zvakanyanya: share capital yekusarudza, shares dzakatarwa, kodzero dzekuvhota dzakajeka, kuita sarudzo kunze kwemisangano, nemisangano kunze kweNetherlands.
- Mari shoma inopihwa uye yakabhadharwa yeNV inoramba iri €45,000 zvisinei nechikumbiro.
- Mitemo yekuenzana kwevanhurume nevanhukadzi ndiyo mutemo uripo iye zvino; kuvandudzwa kwemutemo weNV hakusi iko.
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