Masisitimu eAI ane njodzi huru ndiwo anonyanya kutaurwa muEuropean AI Regulation ( Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 ), inowanzonzi AI Act, iyo inoisa hurongwa hwakavakirwa panjodzi yekugadzira, kupa uye kushandisa masisitimu ehungwaru hwekugadzira (AI). Kana njodzi kuhutano, kuchengetedzeka uye kodzero dzakakosha dziripo, zvinoremawo zvisungo.
Saka kumasangano, kutevedzera mitemo hakutangi nekunyora magwaro ehunyanzvi, asi nekuisa muzvikamu nemazvo. Kutanga tarisa kuti ndeapi masisitimu eAI anogadzirwa, anotengwa kana kushandiswa mukati mesangano. Wobva waongorora kana sisitimu yacho yakarambidzwa , ine njodzi huru, iine zvisungo zvekujekesa, kana kuti iri kunze kwezvisungo zvakatarwa.
Chinyorwa chino chinotsanangura kuti sisitimu yeAI inganzi ine njodzi huru riini, kuti ndeapi mabasa anoshanda kune vanopa nevanoisa zvinhu, uye kuti ndeapi matanho anogona kutorwa nemasangano izvozvi. Chinotsanangurawo nguva sezvairi, mushure mekuchinjwa kwemabasa ane njodzi huru pasi peDigital Omnibus.
Ndirini apo system yeAI ine njodzi huru?
Kuongororwa kwemasisitimu eAI ane njodzi huru kunoitwa zvakanyanya pasi peChinyorwa 6 neAnnexes I neIII zveMutemo weAI. Kune nzira mbiri.
Nzira yekutanga ine chekuita nemasisitimu eAI anoumba chikamu chezvigadzirwa zvakafukidzwa nemutemo wezvigadzirwa zveEurope zvakanyorwa muAnnex I uye zvinoda kuongororwa kwekuenderana kwemitemo yechitatu. Funga nezvemimwe michina yekurapa, michina, zvikwidzo uye matoyi. Kune aya masisitimu, Mutemo weAI unovakira pane maitiro aripo ekuongorora kuenderana kwemitemo.
Nzira yechipiri ine chekuita nemasisitimu eAI anoshandiswa munzvimbo dzakanyorwa muAnnex III: biometrics, zvivakwa zvakakosha, dzidzo nekudzidziswa kwemabasa, kutarisirwa kwemabasa nevashandi, mukana wekuwana mabasa akakosha epachivande neeveruzhinji, kusimbiswa kwemutemo, kutama kwevanhu, hupoteri nekutonga miganhu, uye kutungamirwa kweruramisiro nemaitiro edemocracy. Hakusi kushandiswa kwese mukati menzvimbo yakadaro kunoguma nekupatsanurwa pakati pemasisitimu eAI ane njodzi huru: basa chairo resisitimu nemamiriro eChinyorwa 6 anofanirawo kuongororwa.
Kusiyana kuri muChinyorwa 6(3)
Sisitimu iri mukati meAnnex III haiverengerwi yoga pakati pemasisitimu eAI ane njodzi huru: kupatsanurwa ikoko hakubviswi uko kusina njodzi huru kuhutano, kuchengetedzeka kana kodzero dzakakosha dzevanhu uye kusingakanganisi zvakanyanya mhedzisiro yekuita sarudzo. Izvozvo zvingave zvakadaro apo sisitimu inoita basa rakamanikana chete, inongovandudza chiitiko chatoitwa nemunhu, inongoratidza kutsauka kubva pakuita sarudzo kwevanhu vekare pasina kutsiva ongororo iyoyo, kana kuita basa rekugadzirira chete.
Kuvimba neizvi kunofanira kufungwa nokungwarira uye kunyorwa. Sangano haringonyore mhedziso chete, asiwo chokwadi uye ongororo yakavakirwa pamhedzisiro iyoyo. Mupi webasa anofunga kuti sisitimu yeAnnex III haisi yemamwe masisitimu eAI ane njodzi huru anofanira kunyora ongororo iyoyo sisitimu isati yaiswa pamusika kana kuiswa mukushandira, uye zvakare ari pasi pechisungo chekunyoresa muChinyorwa 49(2).
Pane imwe pfungwa, Mutemo wacho hauna mubvunzo. Chinyorwa 6(3) chinoti sisitimu yeAI inotaurwa muAnnex III inogara ichiverengwa pakati pemasisitimu eAI ane njodzi huru apo inoita ongororo yevanhu chaivo. Kusarudzika uku hakugone kushandiswa munyaya iyoyo.
Basa rei rinoitwa nesangano renyu?
Mutemo weAI unosiyanisa mabasa akati wandei muketani. Maviri acho anokosha kumasangano mazhinji. Bato rinogadzira sisitimu yeAI, kana kuiisa pamusika pasi pezita rayo kana chiratidzo chekutengeserana, rinokodzera semupi webasa. Bato rinoshandisa sisitimu yeAI mukuita bhizinesi raro risina kuigadzira rinowanzo fanirwa semushandisi.
Kugoverwa kwemabasa hakusi kwekusachinja-chinja. Sangano rinochinja zvakanyanya sisitimu yakatengwa, roiendesa mberi pasi pezita raro kana chiratidzo chekutengeserana, kana kuchinja chinangwa charo, rinogona kuramba richionekwa semupi webasa uye nekudaro rinowira pasi pezvisungo zvinorema. Sarudza sisitimu yega yega kuti ndeipi basa raunoita, uye nyora ongororo iyoyo.
Mabasa makuru
Vanopa masisitimu eAI ane njodzi huru vanosungirwa kuita zvinhu zvinosanganisira zviri muZvinyorwa 8 kusvika 17, 43 uye 47 kusvika 49:
- hurongwa hwekutarisira njodzi hunofukidza hupenyu hwese
- kutonga kwedata, kusanganisira kuona nekugadzirisa rusaruro mudata rakashandiswa, kusanganisira kudzidziswa, kusimbiswa uye kuyedzwa kwedata
- magwaro ehunyanzvi zvinoenderana neAnnex IV, uye kunyorwa kwezviitiko
- mirairo yakajeka yekushandisa kune vanoisa zvinhu
- dhizaini inoita kuti vanhu vatarisire zvakanaka
- zvinodiwa pakururama, kusimba uye kuchengetedzwa kwepamhepo
- sisitimu yekutarisira mhando, ongororo yekutevedzera mitemo, kuziviswa kwekutevedzera mitemo yeEU, kucherechedzwa kweCE uye kunyoreswa mudhatabhesi reEU
Kune masisitimu eAI ane njodzi huru anoshandiswa pakuzivikanwa kwe biometric kure sezvakataurwa muAnnex III, poindi 1(a), Chinyorwa 14(5) chinoisa chimwe chinodiwa pakutarisirwa kwevanhu: hapana chiito kana sarudzo inogona kutorwa zvichibva pakuzivikanwa kunze kwekunge zvasimbiswa zvakasiyana uye zvasimbiswa nevanhu vaviri vane hunyanzvi, kudzidziswa uye simba rinodiwa. Izvi zvinozivikanwa sepfungwa yemaziso mana.
Vanoshandisa michina iyi vanosungirwa kuita zvinhu zviri pasi peChinyorwa 26 ne27: kushandisa zvinoenderana nemirairo yekushandisa, kutarisirwa kwevanhu nehunyanzvi, kutarisa mashandiro esystem iyi, kuzivisa njodzi nezviitiko zvakakomba, uye kuchengetedza zvinyorwa zvesystem iyi kwemwedzi mitanhatu. Vashandi vachashanda nesystem iyi, pamwe nevanhu vanoishandisa, vanofanira kuziviswa pachine nguva.
Vamwe vanoisa zvinhu mumakambani vanofanirawo kuita ongororo yekodzero dzekutanga, iyo Basic Rights Impact Assessment pasi peChinyorwa 27. Izvi zvinoshanda chero kumasangano anotongwa nemutemo weveruzhinji, kune vanopa mabasa everuzhinji vega, uye kune vanoisa zvinhu mumakambani vanoshandisa masisitimu ekuongorora zvikwereti kana ekuongorora njodzi dzeinishuwarenzi muhupenyu neinishuwarenzi yehutano.
Nguva yakatarwa uye mamiriro azvino
Mutemo weAI wakatanga kushanda musi wa1 Nyamavhuvhu 2024 uye unotanga kushanda muzvikamu. Mukuita, zvakakosha kusiyanisa pakati pezvisungo zviri kushanda, zvisungo zvine zuva rekunyorera, uye shanduko dzakaziviswa dzisati dzatanga kushanda.
Maitiro akarambidzwa (Chinyorwa 5): Anoshanda kubvira 2 Kukadzi 2025
Kuverenga nekunyora (Article 4): Inoshanda kubvira 2 Kukadzi 2025
Mhando dzeAI dzekushandisa chinangwa chikuru: Dzinoshanda kubvira 2 Nyamavhuvhu 2025
Zvisungo zvekujekesa (Chinyorwa 50): zvinoshanda kubva 2 Nyamavhuvhu 2026; hazvina kunonoka
Dambudziko guru kuburikidza neAnnex III: rinotanga kushanda kubva musi wa2 Zvita 2027, mushure mekunonoka
Dambudziko guru kuburikidza neAnnex I: rinotanga kushanda kubva 2 Nyamavhuvhu 2028, zvichitevera kunonoka kumwe chete
Kumbomira ikoko mutemo wakatarwa. European Commission yakapa Digital Omnibus package musi wa19 Mbudzi 2025 nechikumbiro chekumbomira kusungirwa kwemaitiro eAI ane njodzi huru. Mutemo unochinja, Regulation (EU) 2026/1744, wakaburitswa muOfficial Journal musi wa24 Chikunguru 2026 uye wakatanga kushanda musi wa27 Chikunguru 2026.
Mutemo une njodzi huru chete ndiwo wakabviswa. Mabasa ari pasi peChitsauko III chemasisitimu akarongwa kuburikidza neAnnex III zvino anoshanda kubva 2 Zvita 2027, uye emasisitimu akarongwa kuburikidza neAnnex I kubva 2 Nyamavhuvhu 2028. Zvimwe zvese zvakaramba zviripo musi wazvo wekutanga, saka kunonoka hakuna kukonzera kumbomira kukuru muAI Act.
Kunonoka hakusi kwemamiriro ezvinhu sekuchinja kwezuva kuri nyore. Kushandiswa kwezvisungo zvine njodzi huru kwakabatana nekuwanikwa kwemitemo yakabatana uye zvishandiso zvinotsigira zvinodiwa kuti zvienderane nazvo, uye mazuva matsva anoshanda semuganhu wekunze kwechibvumirano ichocho pane sechinangwa chinogona kuramba chichienderera mberi. Saka kuronga nekufunga nezvekuwedzera kumwe hakuna kunaka.
Zvinhu zviviri zvinofanira kutariswa zvakasiyana. Chekutanga, zvisungo zvekujekesa zviri muChikamu 50 uye chisungo chekunyora nekunyora zviri muChikamu 4 hazvina kumbomiswa: Chinyorwa 50 chave chichishanda kubvira 2 Nyamavhuvhu 2026 uye Chinyorwa 4 kubvira 2 Kukadzi 2025. Chechipiri, paki iyi inowedzera kurambidzwa kutsva kuChikamu 5, kwakanangana nekushandisa AI kugadzira mifananidzo yepedyo isina kubvumirana uye zvinhu zvekushungurudzwa kwevana pabonde zvinogadzirwa neAI.
Kumasangano izvi zvinoreva kuti muna Zvita 2027 ndiro zuva rekuronga magwaro ane njodzi huru, nepo pachena, kuverenga nekunyora uye zvisungo zvechivanhu zviri nyaya dzekutevedzera mitemo iripo kwete kugadzirira.
Kutarisirwa uye zvirango
MuNetherlands mutemo wekuisa mutemo weAI Act hausati watanga kushanda. Gwaro rakaburitswa kuti veruzhinji vabvunze nezvazvo musi wa20 Kubvumbi 2026. Rinopa Dutch Data Protection Authority (Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens) basa rekutarisira minda isina mutariri wechikamu, ine unit yakatsaurirwa yeAI, uye rinopa Dutch Authority for Digital Infrastructure (RDI) basa rekubatanidza, nepo vatariri vechikamu vachichengetedza nzvimbo dzavo. Kusvikira mutemo iwoyo wapasiswa uye watanga kushanda, kugoverwa kwemasimba chaiwo uye hurongwa hwenyika hwekurangwa hazvisati zvagadziriswa.
Chikamu 99 cheMutemo weAI chinopa mhando dzakasiyana dzezvirango. Chikamu ichi chinoenderana nemhando yekutyorwa kwemutemo uye, pazvinenge zvakakodzera, pakuchinjana kwebhizinesi pasi rose pagore. Chikamu chepamusoro chinoshanda pakutyorwa kwemitemo inorambidzwa muChikamu 5; chikamu chepamusoro chinoshanda pakutyorwa kwezvimwe zvisungo, kusanganisira izvo zvevanopa nevanoisa masisitimu eAI ane njodzi huru; uye chikamu chakaderera chinoshanda pakupa ruzivo rusina kururama, rusina kukwana kana runotsausa kune vane masimba. Hurongwa hwakanaka hunoshanda kumabhizinesi madiki nepakati (SMEs), kusanganisira mabhizinesi matsva. Chirango chaicho chinosarudzwa zvichienderana nemitemo inoshanda pazvirango nemamiriro ezvinhu enyaya yacho.
Mepu inoshanda
- Nyora zvese zvirongwa zveAI zvinogadzirwa nesangano rako, zvaunotenga kana zvaunoshandisa.
- Sarudza kuti ndeapi mabasa auchaita: mupi webasa kana mupi webasa.
- Sarudza chikamu chengozi chehurongwa hwega hwega uye nyora pasi kuongororwa ikoko, kusanganisira chero kuvimba nekusawirirana kuri muChinyorwa 6(3).
- Gadza kutonga kweAI uye gadza mukuru ane mutoro.
- Ita shuwa kuti vashandi vanoshanda nehurongwa uhu vane ruzivo rweAI; basa iroro ratove kushanda.
- Shandisa matanho ekujekesa zviri kuitika pasi peChinyorwa 50; agara achishandisa kubvira 2 Nyamavhuvhu 2026.
- Tanga kunyora magwaro ehunyanzvi uye, kana zvichidikanwa, kuongorora mhedzisiro yekodzero dzekutanga munguva yakakodzera.
- Ongorora zvibvumirano zvevatengesi pakugoverwa kwemabasa, kupa ruzivo uye kodzero dzekuongorora.
- Ronga magwaro ane njodzi huru achipesana ne2 Zvita 2027 yeAnnex III systems uye 2 Nyamavhuvhu 2028 yeAnnex I systems.
Zvinokumbirwa neAI Act kusangano renyu
Mutemo weAI unonyanya kukanganisa mashandiro anoita masangano, kutenga uye kushandisa AI. Kunonoka kwezvisungo zvine njodzi huru kunotenga nguva yechikamu chakaomesesa chehurumende, asi kunosiya zvimwe zvese zviripo: zvinorambidzwa zveChinyorwa 5, chisungo cheAI, mitemo yeAI yekushandisa pamwe nezvisungo zvekujekesa zveChinyorwa 50 zvese zvinoshanda nhasi. Nguva inowanikwa ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa pakupatsanura nekunyora, nekuti ndiwo matanho asingakwanise kudzvinyirirwa gare gare. Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo rwakakura pamusoro pemutemo, ona Gwaro redu Rakazara reMutemo weEU AI , iro rinozadzisa kutarisa kwechinyorwa chino pamasisitimu eAI ane njodzi huru.
Law & More inobatsira masangano kunyora nekuronga masisitimu avo eAI, kuona basa ravo semupi kana mupi wezvirongwa, kuongorora nekunyora zvibvumirano nevatengesi veAI, uye kugadzira kutonga kweAI. Kana muchida kuziva kuti ndezvipi zvinosungirwa kusangano renyu parizvino uye ndeapi matanho anofanira kutorwa pakutanga? ndapota inzwa wakasununguka kutibata nesu.
Mibvunzo inowanzobvunzwa
Pazasi tinopindura mibvunzo yatinowanzo bvunzwa panyaya iyi.
Chii chinonzi AI Act?
Mutemo weEuropean AI Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2024/1689). Wakatanga kushanda musi wa1 Nyamavhuvhu 2024 uye unotanga kushanda muzvikamu, nezvisungo zvinokura zvakanyanya sezvo njodzi inounzwa neAI system ichiwedzera.
Ndirini apo system yeAI ine njodzi huru?
Kuburikidza nenzira mbiri: sechikamu chechigadzirwa chakafukidzwa nemutemo wechigadzirwa chakanyorwa muAnnex I, kana kuburikidza nekushandiswa mukati meimwe yenzvimbo dzakanyorwa muAnnex III. Muchiitiko chekupedzisira, nzvimbo yacho yoga haisiyo inosarudza; basa chairo nemamiriro eChinyorwa 6 anoverengwawo.
Sisitimu yeAnnex III inogona here kuwira kunze kwechikamu chine njodzi huru?
Ehe, kana zvisingapi njodzi yakakura uye zvisingakanganisi zvakanyanya kuita sarudzo, semuenzaniso apo zvinoita basa rakamanikana kana kuti rekugadzirira chete. Kuongorora ikoko kunofanirwa kunyorwa pasi. Kana hurongwa huchiita basa rekuongorora vanhu chaivo, hapana chinomboitika.
Ndiri mupi wezvinhu here kana kuti ndiri muparidzi wezvinhu?
Uri mupi wezvinhu kana ukagadzira sisitimu iyi kana kuiisa pamusika uchishandisa zita rako kana chiratidzo chako, uye kazhinji mushandisi wezvinhu kana ukashandisa sisitimu yakatengwa. Kana ukachinja zvakanyanya sisitimu yakatengwa kana kuiendesa mberi uchishandisa zita rako, unogona kuramba uri mupi wezvinhu.
Ndezvipi zvinosungirwa kushanda kune vanopa rubatsiro?
Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, manejimendi enjodzi, kutonga kwedata, magwaro ehunyanzvi, kunyora pasi, mirairo yekushandiswa, kutarisirwa kwevanhu, zvinodiwa pakururama uye kuchengetedzwa kwemakombiyuta, sisitimu yekutarisira mhando, ongororo yekutevedzera zvinodiwa, CE marking uye kunyoreswa mudhatabhesi reEU.
Ndezvipi zvinosungirwa kushanda kune vanoisa zvinhu?
Shandisa zvinoenderana nemirairo, kutarisirwa kwevanhu vane hunyanzvi, kutarisa, kushuma njodzi nezviitiko zvakakomba, uye kuchengetedza zvinyorwa kweinenge mwedzi mitanhatu. Vashandi vanobatanidzwa uye vanhu vanoshandisirwa sisitimu iyi vanofanira kuziviswa pachine nguva.
Kuongororwa kwekodzero dzekutanga kunofanira kuitwa rini?
Chikamu 27 chinoda izvi, pakati pezvimwe, masangano anotongwa nemutemo weveruzhinji, vanopa mabasa everuzhinji vega, uye vanoisa mabasa vachishandisa masisitimu ekuongorora zvikwereti kana kuongorora njodzi dzeinishuwarenzi muinishuwarenzi yehupenyu nehutano.
Ko zviito zvine njodzi huru zvakambomiswa here?
Ehe. Mutemo (EU) 2026/1744, wakabudiswa muOfficial Journal musi wa24 Chikunguru 2026 uye wave kushanda kubvira 27 Chikunguru 2026, wakaendesa chikumbiro ku2 Zvita 2027 cheAnnex III uye 2 Nyamavhuvhu 2028 cheAnnex I. Mutemo une njodzi huru chete ndiwo wakambomiswa.
Chii chiri kutoshanda nhasi?
Maitiro akarambidzwa eChinyorwa 5 uye chisungo chekunyora nekunyora neAI kubvira 2 Kukadzi 2025, uye mitemo yemaitiro eAI akajairika kubvira 2 Nyamavhuvhu 2025. Mabasa ekuratidza pachena eChinyorwa 50 akashanda kubvira 2 Nyamavhuvhu 2026 uye haana kunonoka.
Ndiani anotarisira Mutemo weAI muNetherlands?
Mutemo wekuDutch wekuisa mutemo hausati watanga kushanda. Chinyorwa chakaburitswa kuti chibvunzurudzwe musi wa20 Kubvumbi 2026, chichipa Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens basa rekutarisira rasara uye RDI basa rekubatanidza, pamwe chete nevatariri vechikamu. Kugoverwa kwemasimba kwekupedzisira kunobva pamutemo iwoyo.
Sangano rangu rinofanira kuitei izvozvi?
Tanga nekuverenga zvese zveAI systems zvaunogadzira, zvaunotenga kana kushandisa. Nyora yega yega system kuti une basa ripi, ndeipi njodzi inoshanda uye kuti ndeapi mabasa anotevera. Gadzawo kutonga kweAI, iva nechokwadi chekuti AI ine ruzivo, uye ongorora zvibvumirano zvevatengesi pakugoverwa kwemabasa, kupa ruzivo uye kodzero dzekuongorora.
