Kodzero yekuongorora humbowo inobvumira bato riri munharo dzemuNetherlands kuti riwane ruzivo rwakakwana rwunobatwa nebato rinopikisa kana nebato rechitatu. Kubva musi wa1 Ndira 2025, inotongwa nezvinyorwa 194 kusvika 195a zveMutemo weMaitiro eVanhu (Wetboek van Burgerlijke Rechtsvording, Rv), izvo zvakatsiva chinyorwa chekare 843a Rv. Chikumbiro chinogona kuendeswa zvakananga kune ane ruzivo kana kuendeswa kudare, uye chinosanganisira zvinhu zvedhijitari kungofanana nepepa. Zvinotevera zvinoratidza zvaunogona kukumbira, kubva kunaani, zvichienderana nemamiriro api ezvinhu, uye pazvikonzero zvipi chikumbiro chinogona kurambwa.
Kodzero yekuongorora humbowo inofukidza chii
Maitiro ehurumende ekuDutch haana kumbobvira aita seakawanikwa seAmerica. Bato rega rega rinovaka nyaya yaro uye rinogadzira magwaro aro; hapana chisungo chekuvhura mafaira ako kune anokupikisa. Mutemo unopa kodzero yekuongorora yakanangana, inozivikanwa kare se exhibtieplicht: kana uchigona kuratidza zvinhu zvinozivikanwa zvine chekuita nehukama hwepamutemo hwauri kuita, unogona kumanikidza munhu ane nyaya yacho kuti akubvumire kuiona, kuti akupe kopi, kana kuti akupe chikamu.
Kodzero iyoyo iri pamwe chete nebasa guru rinoshanda kune wese munhu munyaya dzematare edzimhosva. Pasi pechikamu 21 Rv mapato anofanirwa kutaura chokwadi chakakodzera mutongo zvizere uye zvechokwadi, uye dare rikaona basa iri rakatyorwa rinogona kutora mhedziso yarinoona yakakodzera. Kodzero yekuongorora ndiyo nzira yekumanikidza basa iroro. Ndiyo inomisa nyaya kuti isatongwe pahafu yechinyorwa icho rimwe divi rakaona chiri nyore kuburitsa pachena.
Zvinhu zviviri zvakakosha kutanga nazvo. Kodzero yekuongorora haisi chikumbiro chekuwana ruzivo rwemunhu ari pasi pechikamu 15 cheGeneral Data Protection Regulation: iyo ikodzero yekuvanzika, ine chekuita neruzivo rwako pachako, uye haina kugadzirirwa kuvaka nyaya. Uye haisi chikumbiro pasi peOpen Government Act (Wet open overheid, Woo), iyo yakanangana nemasangano eruzhinji neruzivo rweveruzhinji. Kuongorora pasi peRv chishandiso chemaitiro, chakabatana nekukakavadzana uye kune chokwadi chinozvisarudzira.
Zvakakoshawo kujekesa zvisizvo zvisingaitwe nekodzero. Hazvisi basa rekupa faira rako, hapana chisungo chekutsvaga zvinhu zvisina kukumbirwa, uye hapana chisungo chekuchengetedza magwaro kana gakava rava pachena. Zvisungo zvekuchengetedza muNetherlands zvinobva kune dzimwe nzvimbo: mutero wemakore manomwe wekutengesa nekuchengetedza mitero wemabhuku nezvinyorwa zvebhizinesi, mitemo yakatarwa nechikamu, uye musimboti wekuchengetedza weGeneral Data Protection Regulation, iyo inosundira kune rimwe divi. Kuparadza zvinhu nemaune kana wangoziva kuti zviri kudiwa inyaya yakasiyana, uye matare anoibata zvinoenderana nazvo.
Uye kuongorora hakugadzirise kuti ndiani akarurama. Kunogadzirisa zvichaonekwa nedare. Musiyano iwoyo unoumba hurongwa: zvinhu zvinowanikwa kuburikidza nekuongorora zvinofanira kushandiswa, zvinoreva kutarisira zvichaitwa nerimwe divi nezvinhu zvakafanana kana zvagadzirwa.
Chii chakachinja musi wa1 Ndira 2025
Mutemo wekurerutsa nekuvandudza mutemo weuchapupu (Wet vereenvoudiging en modernisering bewijsrecht) wakagamuchirwa neDare reVamiriri musi wa30 Ndira 2024 uye neSeneti musi wa5 Kurume 2024, wakaburitswa muBulletin of Acts and Decreements seStb. 2024, 62, uye wakatanga kushanda musi wa1 Ndira 2025 nemutemo wehumambo wakasiyana, Stb. 2024, 72. Wava kushanda izvozvi; uyu mutemo wagadziriswa, kwete chikumbiro.
Mutemo wekuchinja unokosha sezviri mukati. Mitemo mitsva inoshanda kumatare akatanga musi wa1 Ndira 2025 kana kuti mushure mawo. Nyaya dzaitovepo pazuva iroro dzinoramba dzichitongwa nemitemo yekare kusvika dzapera, kunyange zvazvo nyaya itsva yakatanga mushure mezuva iroro, yakadai sekukwidza nyaya, inowira pasi pemutemo mutsva. Kana uri munyaya yakagara kwenguva refu, tarisa kuti ndeipi mitemo iri pasi penyaya yako usati wanyora chero chinhu.
Shanduko huru
Chinyorwa 843a Rv chakabviswa uye zvikamu zvayo zvakatorwa muchikamu cheMutemo chinotaura nezvehumbowo, mundima 7 yechikamu chechipfumbamwe chemusoro wechipiri weBhuku 1. Chinjo inonyanya kukosha kuchinja mazwi: mutemo hauchatauri nezve bescheiden (magwaro) asi nezve gegevens (data). Izvi zvinopedzisa gakava renguva refu pamusoro pekuti email, chat traffic pamapuratifomu akadai seTeams kana Slack, database records, log files uye metadata zvinogona kudiwa nenzira imwecheteyo nekondirakiti yakasainwa. Vanogona.
Mutemo uyu unosimbisawo kuti kuongorora kunogona kutsvagwa kubva kune mumwe munhu asiri mugakava asi akachengeta zvinhu zvacho. Bhangi, mugadziri wemabhuku, aimbove mutengesi weIT kana mupi wezvekufambisa zvinhu zvese zvinogona kutaurwa zvakananga, izvo zvinobvisa chimwe chezvipingamupinyi zvakanyanya zvemutemo wekare. Kune masangano ehurumende pane muganho wakajeka: pasi pechinyorwa 194 ndima 3 Rv, simba rehurumende risiri bato renyaya harina basa rekubudisa ruzivo rusingazodiwi kuburitswa pasi peWoo.
Pamwe chete nezvinodiwa nekuongorora, Mutemo wakabatanidza matanho ekutanga euchapupu. Apo bato raimbofanira kuendesa mafomu akasiyana ekukumbira bvunzo yekutanga yeuchapupu, mushumo wekutanga wenyanzvi uye kuongororwa kwekutanga kwenzvimbo, izvi zvino zvinogona kubatanidzwa muchikumbiro chimwe chete pasi pechinyorwa 196 Rv nezvinyorwa zvinotevera. Chibatiso cheuchapupu (bewijsbeslag) nezvimwe zviyero zvekudzivirira humbowo zvakanyorwa muzvikamu 205 kusvika 207 Rv, uye muchengeti wemhosva anogona ikozvino kunyora rekodhi yezvaakaona, proces-verbaal van constateringen, ine chinzvimbo chakatsanangurwa sehumbowo.
Zvichienzaniswa zvekare nezvitsva
Tafura iri pazasi inoratidza mutsauko unoshanda pakati pevanhu nemakambani.
| Kuonekwa | Kusvika 31 Zvita 2024 (art. 843a Rv) | Kubva 1 Ndira 2025 (art. 194-195a Rv) |
|---|---|---|
| Chinangwa chechikumbiro | Bescheiden: magwaro, ane nharo dzinogara dzichiitika pamusoro pezvinhu zvedhijitari. | Gegevens: data riri muchimiro chipi zvacho, kusanganisira email, chat, databases uye log files. |
| Ndiani anogona kutaurirwa naye | Zvikurukuru bato rinopikisa; zvichemo zvinopikisa mapato echitatu zvakapikiswa. | Bato rinopikisa uye mapato echitatu ane data, ane muganho weWoo-based for the public bodies. |
| Nzira | Chikumbiro pamberi pedare, mukati kana pamwe chete nechiitiko chikuru. | Chikumbiro chekubuda kunze kwedare pasi pechikamu 194 Rv, kana chikumbiro kana chikumbiro kudare pasi pechikamu 195 Rv. |
| Matanho ekutanga | Zvikumbiro zvakasiyana zvezvapupu, nyanzvi uye kuongororwa kwenzvimbo. | Imwe application inogona kuasanganisa, art. 196 Rv nekutevera. |
| Kuchengetedza humbowo | Kubatanidzwa kweuchapupu kwakagadzirwa mumatare edzimhosva, pasina hwaro hwakajeka hwemutemo. | Yakanyorwa senzira dzekudzivirira humbowo, art. 205-207 Rv. |
Mitemo inofanirwa kuzadzisa chikumbiro
Kuongorora hakusi kodzero yekuona mumwe munhu. Zvinhu zvitatu zvinoshanda pamwe chete, uye chikumbiro chinokundikana pane chimwe chazvo chinokundikana zvachose:
- Kufarira kwakakwana. Unofanira kuratidza kuti sei nyaya iyi ichikosha kune zvaunotaura pamutemo, kwete kungotaura kuti zvingangonakidza chete. Matare anoramba zvikumbiro zvakawanda panyaya iyi.
- Ruzivo rwakakwana. Mashoko acho anofanira kunge achizivikanwa. Chikumbiro chetsamba dzese mumakore mashanu apfuura hachisi chikumbiro; chikumbiro chekutumirana kwemaemail pakati pevanhu vaviri vane mazita pamusoro pechibvumirano chimwe chete chakanyorwa pakati pemazuva maviri.
- Hukama hwepamutemo. Ruzivo urwu runofanira kunge rwune chekuita nehukama hwepamutemo hwauri bato, kana hwaune kodzero yekukumbira. Mumiriri weparamende aida kuti izvi zviverengerwe zvakadzama, uye zvinofukidza hukama hunobva mukutyora mutemo pamwe chete nechibvumirano.
Chinangwa chemamiriro ezvinhu aya ndechekuchengetedza mukana wekuti munhu anoziva zvaanoda arambe achishanda paanenge achivhara rwendo rwekubata hove. Mukuita, zvinodiwa pakusarudza zvinhu zvinosangana netsanangudzo nhatu: ndiani akachengeta kana kutumira, kwenguva ipi, uye nezvenyaya ipi. Kusarudza nemashoko ekutsvaga, akabvumiranwa pachine nguva kana kuti akaiswa nedare, kwave nzira yakajairika yekuita izvi kana huwandu hwedata hwakawanda.
Muganho wacho hausi mutemo chaiwo. Chikumbiro chinonyorwa nekukurumidza, pasina tsananguro yakajeka yekuti sei chikamu chimwe nechimwe chedata chine chekuita nechokwadi chinokakavadzana, ndicho chikonzero chinowanzoita kuti chikumbiro chekuongorora chikundikane. Kuedza kwacho ndekwekunyora, kwete kunzwiwa.
Kubvunza kunze kwedare uye kubvunza dare
Kune nzira mbiri, uye idzo dzimwe nzira kwete matanho akatevedzana. Chinyorwa 194 Rv chinokutendera kuti utaure nemuridzi wedata zvakananga, pasina kubatanidza mutongi. Chinyorwa 195 Rv chinokutendera kuti uise chikumbiro kudare, kungave sechikamu chenyaya huru kana muchikumbiro chakasiyana. Haufanire kuedza yekutanga usati washandisa yechipiri, kunyangwe kuedza kwakanyorwa kuti uwane zvinhu zvisina kurongeka nguva dzose kunosimbisa nyaya yekuraira.
Nzira yekubuda kunze kwedare yakachipa uye inokurumidza kana ichishanda. Chikumbiro chakanyorwa chakarurama, chakanyorwa kumunhu akakodzera, chichitaura hukama hwepamutemo, mapoka edata uye nguva yakatarwa, chinowanzoburitsa zvinhu mukati memavhiki. Kana zvikasadaro, tsamba yacho pachayo inova humbowo: inoratidza dare kuti chikumbiro chacho chaive chakananga, kuti chaive chakakodzera, uye kuti rimwe divi rakasarudza kusachipindura.
Kana dare rikakumbirwa kuti rirayire kuti kuongororwa, rinogona kubatanidza muripo wechirango kumurairo uri pasi pechinyorwa 611a Rv, uchienderera mberi pazuva kana pakutyorwa kwemutemo kusvika mutemo watevedzerwa. Rinogonawo kugadzira mutemo pane kungobvumira kana kuramba: kuraira kugadzirwa kwacho muchimiro chakagadziriswa, kuganhurira mukana wekuwana vanopa mazano vakanyorwa, kana kugadza nyanzvi yakazvimiririra kuti iongorore zvinyorwa uye inyore chete pane zvine chekuita nazvo. Mukusawirirana pakati pevanokwikwidza, nzira iyoyo yepakati inowanzo kuve mhedzisiro.
Chisingakwanise kuitwa nedare kunyora patsva chikumbiro chako chakanyorwa zvisina kunaka. Kana zvikamu zvacho zvisina kujeka, chikumbiro chacho chinorambwa; hachina kuderedzwa pachinzvimbo chako.
Nguva inofanira kufungwa nezvayo. Hapana mutemo wekuti kuongorora kunofanira kumirira kuti nyaya dzitange, uye kubvunza nekukurumidza kune zvakanakira zviri pachena: unodzidza kana chikumbiro chakakodzera kuunzwa usati wabhadhara kukumbira kudare. Chikumbiro chakaitwa kunze kwedare hachinawo simba panguva yakatarwa, saka kana nguva yakatarwa yaswedera pedyo, chidzorere woga nekunyora pasi pechikamu 3:317 cheCivil Code pane kufunga kuti kutaurirana kuri kuenderera mberi nezvemagwaro ndiko kunoita basa racho. Kana nyaya dzatove kutoitwa, chikumbiro chekuongorora chinogona kuunzwa sechikumbiro chisina kurongeka mukati mavo, uye matare akaratidza kuti anoda kunzwa zvichemo zvakadaro nekukurumidza apo zvinhu zviri pakati penyaya yacho.
Kana kuongorora kuchigona kurambwa
Kodzero yakakura yekuongorora haisi isina muganho. Munhu ane ruzivo anogona kuramba kana paine zvikonzero zvakasimba zvekuita kudaro, uye zvikonzero zvakawanda zvakasimbiswa.
Chekutanga ikodzero yepamutemo. Kunyorerana tsamba negweta rako, pamwe nevamwe vashandi vane basa rekuchengetedza zvakavanzika rinozivikanwa mumutemo vakaita sevanopa magwaro emutemo wehurumende nevanachiremba, kunodzivirirwa. Kodzero inobvumidza chapupu kupindura pasi pechikamu 165 Rv inoshanda nenzira imwechete pano: bato harigone kuwana kuburikidza nechirongwa chekuongorora zvaraisagona kuwana nekudana nyanzvi sechapupu. Hama dzepedyo dzinodzivirirwa nenzira yakafanana.
Chechipiri ndechekudzivirirwa kwezvakavanzika zvebhizinesi. Mutemo weKudzivirira Zvakavanzika zveBhizinesi (Wet bescherming bedrijfsgeheimen), uyo unoshandisa EU Trade Secrets Directive, unodzivirira ruzivo rwakavanzika, rune kukosha kwekutengeserana nekuti rwakavanzika, uye rwunotongwa nematanho akakodzera kuti rurambe rwakadaro. Kodhi yetsime, mamodheru emitengo, mabikirwo uye ruzivo rwevatengi zvinowanzo enderana. Mhinduro yacho haiwanzo kuve kuramba kwakazara: dare rinoyera kufarira zvakavanzika richienzanisa kufarira uchapupu uye rinowanzo raira kuburitswa pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu. Kana gakava nemushandi ari kuenda kana mukwikwidzi riri iro ruzivo rwekare, chinyorwa chedu pamusoro pechikamu chisina kukwikwidzana chakatyorwa uye zvakavanzika zvekutengeserana chinoratidza kuti zvido zviviri izvi zvinobatana sei.
Chechitatu ndechekuenzana. Dare rinogona kuramba chikumbiro kana mari, nguva uye kukanganiswa kwekuunganidza zvinhu zvisina kuenzana nezvazvingabatsira munyaya yacho. Ichi ndicho chikonzero chinonyanya kukuvadza zvikumbiro zvakawanda zvemakore akawanda edata risina kurongeka.
Chechina chine chekuita neruzivo rwemunhu. Kugadzira ruzivo nezvevanhu vanozivikanwa pachako kuri kugadziriswa pasi peGeneral Data Protection Regulation uye kunoda hwaro hwepamutemo; mapoka akakosha, akadai seruzivo rwehutano, anotongwa nemitemo yakaoma zvakare. Izvi hazviiti kuti ruzivo rwemunhu rusabatike mumatare, asi zvinoreva kuti chiyero chinofanira kururamiswa uye zvinhu zvinobatwa nemazvo. Chinyorwa chedu chinotsanangura kugadziriswa kweruzivo rwe biometric chinopa pfungwa yekuti mitemo iyoyo inonetsa sei kumapoka anonyanya kunzwisisika.
Pakupedzisira, chikumbiro chinogona kurambwa kana chiri chekutyora mitemo, uye sangano rehurumende risiri bato renyaya iyi rinogona kunongedzera kuWoo: kana ruzivo rwacho rusingazofanirwe kuburitswa pasi peMutemo iwoyo, harufanirwe kuburitswa pasi pechikamu 194 Rv futi.
Kuwana humbowo husati hwanyangarika
Kuongorora hakuna zvakunobatsira kana zvinhu zvacho zvadzimwa panguva iyo murairo wasvika. Ndosaka Mutemo wacho wakarongawo matanho ekudzivirira humbowo muzvikamu 205 kusvika 207 Rv. Nemvumo yemutongi wenguva pfupi, muchengeti wematare anogona kutora magwaro, zvishandiso uye vatakuri vedata, kana kugadzira makopi ekuongorora, uye kuisa mhedzisiro yacho mukuchengetedzwa kwebato rechitatu risina divi rakakodzera.
Imwe pfungwa nezvemaitiro aya inowanzo nzwisiswa zvisirizvo, uye zvinodhura kusanzwisisa. Kusungirirwa kweuchapupu kunoomesa zvinhu; hazvikupi mukana wekuona. Kuona zvakachengetedzwa kunoda gwaro rekuongorora rakasiyana pasi pechinyorwa 195 Rv, uye bato rine ruzivo rwakatorwa richanzwikwa pamubvunzo iwoyo. Mvumo yekubatanidzwa inowanzo bvumidzwa pasina rimwe divi riripo; mukana haumbofi wakawanikwa.
Zvinoyerwa zvehumbowo hwekutanga pasi pechinyorwa 196 Rv nenyaya dzinotevera zvinoshanda zvakasiyana: kusimbisa chokwadi pamberi, kana pasina, kutongwa kwakazara. Kuongororwa kwekutanga kwechapupu kunochengetedza ndangariro isati yanyangarika kana chapupu chikatamira kunze kwenyika. Mushumo wekutanga wenyanzvi unobvunza nyanzvi isina kwayakarerekera mubvunzo wehunyanzvi. Kubva musi wa1 Ndira 2025 izvi zvinogona kukumbirwa pamwe chete, uye pamwe chete nechikumbiro chekuongorora, muchikumbiro chimwe chete. Ichocho kuponesa kwechokwadi, uye ndicho chinjo chinonyanya kukanganisa kugadzirira gakava.
Uchapupu hwakachengetwa kunze kwenyika
Kana data iri rakagara nebato kana chapupu chiri mune imwe nyika iri nhengo yeEU, murairo wedare reDutch hausi iwo mudziyo wekushandisa. Mutemo (EU) 2020/1783 wekutora humbowo munyaya dzezvemagariro evanhu nedzekutengeserana, uyo wave uchishanda kubvira 1 Chikunguru 2022, unobvumidza dare reDutch kukumbira dare riri mune imwe nyika iri nhengo kuti ritore humbowo, kana mune dzimwe nguva kuti ritore zvakananga, richishandisa mafomu akajairwa uye kutumira kwemagetsi. Kunze kweEU, Hague Evidence Convention ya1970 inoita basa rakafanana kune nyika dziri mubato iri. Nzira dzese dziri mbiri dzinotora nguva yakareba kupfuura murairo wemuno, inova imwe nharo yekuziva nekukurumidza kuti zvinhu zviri kupi chaizvo.
Kuongorora kwemitemo kunotevera nzira yakasiyana
Kana muongorori anobva kuboka revatariri asvika panzvimbo yenyu, Rv haishande. Kutarisirwa kunotongwa nechitsauko 5 cheGeneral Administrative Law Act (Algemene wet bestuursrecht, Awb), uye masimba epo akakura zvikuru kupfuura chero chinhu chine mumhan'ari.
Mutariri akagadzwa pasi peAWB anogona kupinda munzvimbo dzese kunze kweimba isina mvumo yemugari (chinyorwa 5:15 AWB), ruzivo rwekuda (chinyorwa 5:16 AWB), kuongorora kwekuda kwedata rebhizinesi nemagwaro uye kutora makopi (chinyorwa 5:17 AWB), kuongorora zvinhu nekutora mienzaniso (chinyorwa 5:18 AWB) uye kumira nekutarisa nzira dzekufambisa (chinyorwa 5:19 AWB). Chinyorwa 5:20 AWB chinomanikidza munhu wese kuti ashande pamwe chete mukati menguva yakakodzera; kukundikana kuita izvozvo iko pachako mhosva. Zvinopesana ndezvechokwadi asi zvine muganho: pasi pechinyorwa 5:13 AWB mutariri anogona kushandisa simba chete kana zvichidikanwa pabasa racho, avo vanosungirwa nebasa rehunyanzvi rekuchengetedza zvakavanzika vanogona kuramba kushandira pamwe pasi pechinyorwa 5:20 ndima 2 AWB, uye kana mubvunzo washanduka kuisa faindi yekutonga, munhu anenge abvunzwa anofanira kunyeverwa pasi pechinyorwa 5:10a AWB uye haasungirwi kupindura.
Mukuita, zvinhu zvitatu zvinosarudza kuti kushanya kwemutemo kunofamba sei. Kumbira kuti uzive zita rako uye kuti chii chiri kushanya kwacho chiri pamutemo, uye nyora zvese zviri zviviri. Chengeta zvinyorwa zvese zvawapihwa kana kukopwa, nekuti uchada kuziva gare gare kuti simba racho rine chii chaizvo. Uye paradzanisa zvinyorwa zvine kodzero yepamutemo kubva kune zvimwe zvisati zvakopwa pane zvawatora, sezvo chikumbiro chekodzero chakaitwa vhiki gare gare chisina kusimba pane chakaitwa padhesiki.
Zvakawanikwa pakuongorora zviri kuwedzerawo pachena. Mapurisa akati wandei anoburitsa zvabuda pakuongorora uye zvisarudzo zvekutevedzwa kwemutemo paindaneti, izvo zvinoshandura nyaya yekutevedzera mitemo kuita nyaya ine mukurumbira; unogona kuverenga zvakawanda nezve mashandiro anoita ongororo dzehurumende pawebhusaiti yebhizinesi rehurumende. Kana nyaya yacho ikabva pakutarisirwa kuenda pakuferefeta mhosva, mitemo yakasiyana inoshanda zvakare, uye gwara redu remaitirwo emhosva muNetherlands kubva pakuferefeta kusvika pakutongwa rinotsanangura nzira iyoyo.
Kugadzira uye kupindura chikumbiro mukuita
Kuziva mitemo yacho chimwe chinhu; kuishandisa chimwe chinhu. Hunhu hwechikumbiro chekuongorora hunotsanangurwa chisati chaendeswa, uye hunhu hwemhinduro hunotsanangurwa nekuti chikumbiro chacho chinoparadzaniswa sei nenzira yakarongwa.
Kana muchikumbira kuongororwa
- Tsanangura zviri mukati. Taura mazita evachengeti, mazuva uye nyaya yacho. Kumbira tsamba dzeemail pakati pevanhu vaviri vane mazita pamusoro pechirongwa chimwe chete chakanyorwa zita mukati memwedzi mitatu yakatarwa, kwete tsamba dzekutaurirana kazhinji.
- Batanidza chikamu chimwe nechimwe nechokwadi chinopikisa. Pachikamu chimwe nechimwe chaunokumbira, nyora mutsetse mumwe chete uchitsanangura kuti ndeipi pfungwa inokakavadzana yaunoratidza kana kuramba. Kana usingakwanise kunyora mutsetse iwoyo, bvisa chikamu chacho.
- Bvunza kunze kwedare kutanga, nekunyora pasi. Isa nguva yakatarwa uye taura zvauchaita kana zvikafamba. Izvi zvinotora mavhiki maviri uye zvinowanzoita kuti nyaya isanzwikwe zvakanaka.
- Tarisira dziviriro. Ropafadzo, zvakavanzika zvebhizinesi uye kuenzana zvichawedzerwa. Ipa mhinduro pachine nguva: nguva yakamanikana, nzira yekugadzirisa zvinhu, nyanzvi yakazvimiririra, basa rekuchengetedza zvakavanzika.
Kana wagamuchira chikumbiro
Kunyarara ndiyo mhinduro imwe chete isingashande. Chikumbiro chisina kupindurwa chinokoka murairo une muripo wechirango, uye chinopa rimwe divi nharo pamusoro pekutenda kwako kwakanaka kuchazotevera nyaya yacho. Tanga nekuyedza chikumbiro uchienzanisa nemamiriro emutemo: zvirimo zvakatsanangurwa zvakakwana here, hukama hwepamutemo hunoratidzwa here, uye pane kufarira kwechokwadi here, kana kuti kuedza kuona kuti chii chichabuda.
Wobva wanyora pasi zvaunenge wakabata, kusanganisira zvinhu zviri pamasystem aunogona kunge wakakanganwa: mabhokisi etsamba evashandi vekare, mabackup, mapuratifomu ekukurukurirana, foni yemutungamiriri. Haugone kusarudza zvekuramba kusvika waziva zviripo, uye kutaura zvisiri izvo nezvezvauinazvo kunokuvadza zvikuru kupfuura gwaro risingafadzi.
Kana muchiramba, rambai nezvikonzero zvakataurwa pamutemo uye nekunyora. Kana chikamu chechikumbiro chacho chine musoro, taurai woburitsa chikamu ichocho; chikamu chechinyorwa, chakanyatsotsanangurwa chinobatwa zvakasiyana zvikuru nekuramba kwakazara. Uye kana chirambidzo chacho chiri chekuvanzika kwete kukosha, taurai nzira yacho imi pachenyu. Matare anobvuma kugadziriswa, kugadzirwa kwakaitwa nematanho uye ongororo yenyanzvi, asi vanobvuma zviri nyore kubva kune bato rakavapa.
Kuongorora mukusawirirana kwevagovani vemasheya
Kusawirirana kwemakambani kunoratidza miganhu yekuongorora zvakajeka. Mugovani wemasheya mudiki anofungidzira kusashanda zvakanaka anogona kukumbira maminiti ebhodhi akaonekwa kana modhi yemari chaiyo pasi pechinyorwa 195 Rv, asi haakwanise kukumbira tsamba dzebhodhi zvachose. Kana kunyunyuta chaiko kuri pamusoro pekuti kambani inotungamirwa sei, kodzero yekuferefeta (enquêterecht) pasi pechinyorwa 2:344 uye kutevedzera Mutemo weVanhu kazhinji ndiyo nzira yakasimba, nekuti muferefeti akagadzwa neEnterprise Chamber (Ondernemingskamer) anowana mukana wekuwana zvinyorwa zvekambani senyaya yechokwadi. Kubva pakatanga kushanda WAGEVOE musi wa1 Ndira 2025, mitemo yezviitiko zvekuferefeta uye maitiro emutemo ekutenga nekubuda zvakagadziriswa. Kusarudza maitiro akakodzera kunowanzo kukosha kupfuura kusarudza magwaro akakodzera.
Zvinorevei izvi pakuchengeta zvinyorwa
Mhedzisiro inoshanda yekutsanangurwa kwakakura kweuchapupu ndeyekuti zvese zvinogadzirwa nesangano rako zvinogona kuburitswa pachena. Izvi zvinotsigira zvinhu zvitatu: mutemo wekuchengetedza unotaura kuti chii chinochengetwa, kupi uye kwenguva yakareba sei, uye izvo zvinoteverwa chaizvo; kuziva pakati pevashandi kuti mameseji ari pamapuratifomu ekukurukurirana emukati magwaro akafanana nemamwe ese; uye kutarisa nguva nenguva kuti mutemo wacho uchiri kuenderana nemasisitimu ari kushandiswa. Hapana chimwe cheizvi chinoshamisa, uye zvese zvakachipa pane kugadzirazve data remakore mashanu pasi penguva yakatarwa nedare.
Mibvunzo inowanzobvunzwa
Mibvunzo iri pazasi inomuka munyaya dzinenge dzese apo kuongororwa kuripo.
Izvi zvinokanganisa sei humbowo hwedhijitari?
Shanduko idzi dzinokwevera mutemo zvakazara muzana ramakore rechi21. Humbowo senge maemail, mameseji emukati chats seTimu kana Slack, uye dhatabhesi marekodhi ave kubatwa zvakafanana nemagwaro ekare echikoro.
Mutemo wava kutaura nezve gegevens (data) pane bescheiden (magwaro), saka magadzirirwo ezvinyorwa haasisiri chipingamupinyi kana zvichikosha panyaya iyi. Kuvandudzwa uku kunodiwa zvikuru kunovimbisa musimboti wezvipingamupinyi zvishoma, mukana wakakura unoshanda kune mhando dzehumbowo hwakakosha mubhizinesi remazuva ano.
Marii inodiwa pakukumbira rubatsiro?
Kunyange hazvo maitiro acho akagadzirirwa kuti asvike nyore nyore, haasi emahara zvachose. Munhu anokumbira kuongororwa anowanzo bhadhara mari yake yepamutemo yekuunganidza nekuisa chikumbiro, uye mari yedare (griffierecht), iyo huwandu hwayo hunotarwa nemutemo uye hunogadziriswa gore rega rega.
Dare rinosarudza kuti mari yekuunganidza nekugadzira data ichagoverwa sei, uye rinogona kuisa mari iyoyo kune munhu akarikumbira. Kana basa riripo risingaenderane nemutengo wezvinhu, chikumbiro chinogona kurambwa nekuda kwechikonzero ichocho chete. Pakupera kwenyaya, munhu anokundwa anorayirwa kubhadhara mupiro wakatarwa kune rimwe divi, wakaverengerwa pachikero chakajairwa chinoshandiswa nematare.
Chii chinoitika kana bato rikaramba kutevedzera mutemo uyu?
Kuregeredza murairo wedare kuti uongororwe kukanganisa kukuru, uye kunouya nemhedzisiro inorema. Dare rine zvishandiso zvakawanda zvarinogona kuranga bato risingadyidzane pamwe nekusimbisa mutongo waro.
Zvirango izvi zvinogona kusanganisira:
- Zvirango Zvemari: Dare rinogona kubatanidza muripo wechirango (dwangsom) kumurayiro waro pasi pechikamu 611a Rv, uchienderera mberi kusvika bato ratevedzera zvarataura.
- Zvakaipa Inferences: Pasi pechikamu 21 Rv dare rinogona kutora mhedziso chero ipi zvayo yarinoona yakakodzera, zvinoreva kuti mukuita izvi kufungidzira kuti zvinhu zvakachengetwa zvaizokanganisa nyaya yebato risingateereri mitemo.
- Procedural Disvantages: Muzviitiko zvakakomba zvekusatevedzera, dare rinogona kusvika pakubvisa zvikamu zvezvavanoda zviri pamutemo kana kudzivirira zvachose.
Muchidimbu, kuramba kuita izvi kunogona kukuvadza zvisingagadzirisiki pachimiro chebato uye kuvimbika mudare.
Law and More inopa mazano kumabhizinesi nevanhu nezvehumbowo nekuburitswa pachena mumatare edzimhosva ekuNetherlands: kunyora nekudzivirira zvikumbiro zvekuongorora, mafomu ekuongororwa kwekutanga kwezvapupu nemishumo yenyanzvi, kubatanidzwa kweuchapupu, uye kubata kwekuongorora kwemutemo. Kana uchida zvinhu zvine rimwe bato, kana kuti wakakumbirwa kuti uburitse zvinhu zvausingade kuburitsa pachena, yedu mutemo wenyika Chikwata chichakuudza paumire uye kuti sarudzo dziripo ndedzipi. Taura nesu kuti tikurukure nyaya yako.
