Zvikumbiro zvekukuvadza

Tinobatsira mabhizinesi nevanhu vega pakukumbira muripo pasi pemutemo weDutch. Tinoita chimwe chinhu kana muchikumbira muripo uye kana paine chikumbiro chakaitwa pamusoro penyu. Tinoshanda muChirungu nechiDutch, kune vatengi vari muNetherlands nekune dzimwe nyika. Danho rekutanga musangano wekutanga wemahara watinoongorora mutoro, kukuvara uye nguva yekuganhurirwa.

Mutengo wevatengi Law & More 9.6 kubva pa10 pa Klantenvertelle, puratifomu yekuongorora yeDutch (ongororo makumi masere nerimwe, kubva muna Gumiguru 2026).

Chii chatingakubatsira nacho?

• mutengesi anounza zvinhu zvakanonoka kana kuti zvisina kunaka uye bhizinesi rako rinorasikirwa nepurofiti;
• muvaki, mupi wezano kana imwe nyanzvi yakaita chikanganiso chakakutorera mari;
• unoda kuti mumwe wako ave nemhosva uye unoda chiziviso chakakodzera chetsamba yekukundikana kubhadhara chikwereti uye yemhosva;
• wagamuchira chikumbiro chemhosva uye unoda kuziva kana chakarurama;
• wakakuvadzwa nekuita zvisiri pamutemo, sekutyorwa kwechibvumirano nemunhu wechitatu kana kutaura zvisirizvo;
• unoda kuziva kana chikumbiro chako chakarambidzwa nenguva.

Hatibati nyaya dzekukuvara kwemunhu. Kune avo, tinokutumirai kune gweta rinotarisa pakukuvara kwemunhu.

Chii chaunogona kukumbira muripo wemari pasi pemutemo weDutch?

Pasi pemutemo weDutch, zvikonzero zvikuru zviviri zvekukumbira muripo wekukuvadzwa zvinosanganisira kutyora chibvumirano uye mhosva. Muzviitiko zvese izvi unofanira kuratidza kuti mumwe munhu ndiye ane mhosva, kuti wakakuvadzwa uye kuti kukuvara kwacho kunokonzerwa nechiitiko ichi.

Kupwanya chibvumirano

Pasi peChinyorwa 6:74 cheDutch Civil Code, bato rinokundikana kuita zvarinosungirwa kuita rinofanira kubhadhara kukuvara kwakakonzerwa neizvi. Kukundikana kunofanira kunge kuri nekuda kwebato iroro. Kazhinji, munhu ane chikwereti anongotadza kuita zvaasingakwanise kuita mushure mekunge aziviswa nezvekusaita basa (ingebrekestelling) pasi peChinyorwa 6:82. Icho chikumbiro chakanyorwa chinopa nguva yakakodzera, semuenzaniso mazuva gumi nemana, ekuita. Kana kuita zvaasingakwanise zvachose, kana kuti nguva yakatarwa yapfuura, hapana chiziviso chinodiwa.

Tort

Pasina chibvumirano, unovimba neChinyorwa 6:162 cheDutch Civil Code: chiito chisiri pamutemo (onrechtmatige daad). Izvi zvinofukidza kutyora kodzero, kutyora basa repamutemo kana kuita zvinopesana nezvinowanzo gamuchirwa semufambiro wakakodzera. Chiito ichi chinofanira kunge chakakonzerwa nemutadzi, uye mutemo wakatyorwa unofanirwa kuva nechinangwa chekudzivirira kubva kurudzi rwekukuvara kwako. Gwaro redu pamusoro pemutemo wemhosva rinotsanangura zvinodiwa izvi zvakadzama.

Mhosva yakasimba

Mimwe mitemo inopa mutoro pasina mhosva. Mienzaniso ndeyevashandirwi vevashandi (Chinyorwa 6:170) uye vagadziri vezvigadzirwa zvisina kunaka (Chinyorwa 6:185).

Ndeapi marudzi ekukuvadzwa kwaunogona kukumbira?

Unogona kukumbira kurasikirwa nemari uye, mune dzimwe nguva, kukuvara kusingakoshi. Chinangwa ndechekukuisa munzvimbo yaungadai uri mairi pasina chiitiko ichi, kwete zviri nani uye kwete zvakaipa.

Pasi peChinyorwa 6:96 cheDutch Civil Code, kurasikirwa nemari kunosanganisira kurasikirwa kwakaitika pamwe nepurofiti yakarasika. Mari dzinonzwisisika dzekudzikamisa kana kusimbisa kukuvara uye mutoro dzinokodzerawo. Funga nezvemishumo yenyanzvi uye mari yekuunganidza kunze kwedare. Kukuvadzwa kusiri kwechokwadi, senge kushungurudzwa, kunobhadharwa chete muzviitiko zvakanyorwa muChinyorwa 6:106.

Mhando yekukuvara	muenzaniso
Kurasikirwa kwakaitika	Mari yekugadzirisa, kutsiva zvinhu, mari yemutengesi anotsiva
Purofiti yakarasika	Kuchinja kwezvinhu kwakatadza kuitwa nekuti kugadzirwa kwakamira kwemavhiki matatu
Mari yekuona kukuvara	Mushumo wenyanzvi yakazvimiririra, mari yematare inonzwisisika isati yatanga nyaya yacho
Kufarira kwepamutemo	Mubereko kubva pazuva rakaitika kukuvara (Chinyorwa 6:119 kana 6:119a chekutengeserana kwekutengeserana)
Kukuvadzwa kusiri kwezvinhu	Muzviitiko zvakanyorwa muChinyorwa 6:106 chete

Zvibvumirano zvinowanzo ganhurira mutoro, semuenzaniso kukosha kwechibvumirano kana kukuvara zvakananga chete. Chikamu chakadaro hachishande nguva dzose. Chinyorwa chedu pamusoro pemuganhu wemhosva chinotsanangura kana dare richichiisa parutivi.

Unoratidza sei kuti pane chikonzero uye kuti kukuvara kwacho kwakakonzerwa sei?

Unofanira kuratidza kuti kukuvara kwacho kungadai kusina kuitika pasina chiitiko ichi, uye kuti kunogona kunzi kwakakonzerwa nemunhu ane mhosva. Kana iwe pachako wakabatsirawo kukuvara kwacho, muripo wako unoderedzwa.

Pasi peChikamu 6:98 cheDutch Civil Code, dare rinotarisa mhando yemhosva uye kukuvara. Kukuvadzwa kunokonzerwa nekutyorwa kwemutemo kunowanzoonekwa semhedzisiro yekutyorwa kwemutemo. Migumisiro iri kure inogona kuwira kunze. Pasi peChikamu 6:101, dare rinogovanisa kukuvara kana mamiriro ezvinhu ari kudivi rako akabatsira. Muenzaniso ndewekutadza kuderedza kukuvara mushure mekukuwana.

Uchapupu hunokosha. Chengeta ma invoice, tsamba, mapikicha, maakaundi nemishumo yenyanzvi kubva pazuva rekutanga. Dare rinogonawo kufungidzira kukuvara kuri pasi peChinyorwa 6:97 kana kuverenga kwacho kwakaoma. Pasi peChinyorwa 6:109, dare rinogona kuderedza muripo kana muripo wakazara ukakonzera mhedzisiro isingagamuchirwi.

Unofanira kutora nguva yakareba sei kuti ubvume muripo wechikwereti?

Chikumbiro chekuda kukuvadzwa pasi pemutemo weDutch chinononoka kudzoserwa shure mushure memakore mashanu mushure mekunge waziva nezvekukuvadzwa kwacho uye munhu ane mhosva yacho. Chero zvazvingava, chinopera mushure memakore makumi maviri chiitiko chakakonzera kukuvara kwacho chaitika.

Nguva idzi dzinotevera kubva muChinyorwa 3:310 cheDutch Civil Code. Unogona kumisa nguva yekuganhurirwa netsamba yakanyorwa yaunochengetedza kodzero yako yekuita basa (Chinyorwa 3:317). Nguva itsva yemakore mashanu inobva yatanga. Usavimba nekutaurirana chete: hazvimisi nguva yacho. Nguva dzakasiyana dzinoshanda mune dzimwe nyaya, semuenzaniso makore matatu ekukumbira mhosva yezvigadzirwa.

Mamiriro	nguva
Chikumbiro chekukuvadzwa (chibvumirano kana mhosva)	Makore mashanu kubva pakuziva nezvekukuvadzwa uye munhu ane mhosva
Kumira kwenguva refu kwekukumbira kukuvara	Makore makumi maviri kubva pakaitika chiitiko chakakonzera kukuvara uku
Chikwereti chechigadzirwa	Makore matatu kubva pakuziva, uye kodzero inomira makore gumi mushure mekunge chigadzirwa chaiswa mumusika.

Rugwaro rwakazara rwemitemo iyi runowanikwa pa wetten.overheid.nl (Bhuku 6 reDutch Civil Code).

Inoshanda sei ne Law & More basa?

1. Musangano wekutanga: unotsanangura zvakaitika, uye tinoongorora nguva yekupedzisira, magwaro uye kuti ndiani angava nemhosva.
2. Mazano nekufungidzira mutengo: tinoongorora mutoro, huwandu hwekukuvadzwa uye mikana yako, uye tinokupa kufungidzira kwemitengo.
3. Kutaurirana uye kutaurirana: tinotumira chiziviso chekutadza kubhadhara kana tsamba yemhosva uye tinotaurirana nemumwe munhu kana kambani yake yeinishuwarenzi.
4. Nyaya kana kupedzisa: pasina chibvumirano, tinoenda kudare. Dare redunhu rinonzwa zvichemo zvinosvika EUR 25,000; zvichemo zvikuru zvinoenda kudare redunhu. gwara rematanho ekuita munyaya yematare edzimhosva inoratidza kuti izvozvo zvinoshanda sei.

Gweta rinoda marii pakukumbira muripo wechikwereti?

Mutengo wedu wepaawa i250 kusvika 350 euros tisingabatanidzi VAT yegweta uye 300 kusvika 400 euros tisingabatanidzi VAT yemumwe wako. Tinokurukura nezvemutengo pamwe nekufungidzira newe pachine nguva. Musangano wekutanga haubhadharwi. Musangano wekupa mazano kamwe chete pasina rumwe rubatsiro unodhura 300 euros kusanganisira VAT.

Mari dzekunze, dzakadai semari dzedare, mari dzedare remhosva, uye mishumo yenyanzvi, dzinobhadhariswa zvakasiyana. Kana ukakundwa mudare, unowanzo bhadhara mupiro wakatarwa kumari dzematare emumwe munhu. Rubatsiro rwemutemo runowanikwa kuburikidza neLegal Aid Board (Raad voor Rechtsbijstand), asi isu hatishande pahwaro ihwohwo. Tarisa kana inishuwarenzi yako yemari yematare ichivhara nyaya yacho.

Ndiani anobata nyaya yako?

Nyaya yenyu inotongwa nerimwe remagweta edu; mumusangano wekutanga muchanzwa kuti ndiani. Munogona kuona munhu wese papeji redu rechikwata.

Mibvunzo inowanzobvunzwa

Ndinofanira kugara ndichitumira chiziviso chekusabhadhara chikwereti ndisati ndakumbira muripo wekubhadharwa here?

Muzviitiko zvakawanda zvechibvumirano, hongu. Munhu ane chikwereti anowanzo tadza kubhadhara mushure mekunge anyorerwa chiziviso chinopa nguva yakakodzera yekuita. Chiziviso hachidikanwi kana kuita kwava kusingachaitiki, nguva yakatarwa yapfuura kana kuti munhu ane chikwereti akati hachizoiti. Kana usina chokwadi, tumira chiziviso, nekuti chiziviso chisipo chinogona kuvharira chikumbiro chako.

Ndirini apo chikumbiro chekuda kukuvara muNetherlands chinorambidzwa nguva?

Chikumbiro chekuripwa muNetherlands chinononoka kusvika makore mashanu mushure mekunge waziva nezvekuripwa uye munhu ane mhosva. Chinopera chero mushure memakore makumi maviri chiitiko chakakonzera kukuvara. Unogona kumisa nguva yacho nekuzivisa kwakanyorwa pachena kuti une kodzero yekuripwa. Kukurukurirana chete hakukanganisi.

Ndingakwanisa here kukumbira muripo wekushushikana kana kukuvadzwa kwezita rangu?

Muzviitiko zvakati chete. Chinyorwa 6:106 cheDutch Civil Code chinozvibvumira, semuenzaniso, apo munhu ane mhosva akaronga kukuvadza kwakadaro kana kuti zita rako rakanaka rakakanganiswa. Kusafara kwakajairika nezvekutyorwa kwechibvumirano hakuwanzo kubhadharwa. Mari inopihwa nematare eDutch inowanzova shoma.

Ko chikamu chemuganho wemhosva chinomisa chikumbiro changu here?

Hazvisi hazvo. Dare rinogona kudzima chikamu ichi kana kuvimba nacho kusingagamuchirwi pasi pechikonzero chakanaka uye chakarurama. Izvi zvinowanzoitika nechinangwa kana kusangwarira nemaune. Muzvibvumirano zvevatengi, zvimwe zvikamu mumitemo nemamiriro ezvinhu zvinoonekwa sezvisina musoro. Tinotarisa chikamu ichi tichienzanisa nechokwadi chenyaya yako.

Unobata here nyaya dzekukuvara kwemunhu?

Kwete. Hatibati nyaya dzekukuvara kwemunhu, dzakadai setsaona dzemumugwagwa kana kukuvara kubasa. Basa redu pakukumbira kukuvara rinotarisa pakurasikirwa nemari, semuenzaniso nekuda kwekutyora chibvumirano, zvikanganiso zvebasa kana maitiro asiri pamutemo. Kana paine kukuvara kwemunhu, tinokutumira kune gweta rinotarisa panyaya iyoyo.

Ndiani anobhadhara mari dzematare kana ndikakunda?

Munhu anenge akundwa anowanzo rairwa kuti abhadhare mupiro wemari yako yematare. Mupiro uyu unotevera mitengo yakatarwa yedare uye unowanzova wakaderera pane mari chaiyo. Mari dzinonzwisisika dzisati dzatanga nyaya dzinogona kutaurwa sechikamu chekukuvadzwa pasi peChinyorwa 6:96. Tinokupa mufananidzo chaiwo wekudzorerwa kwemari yako pachine nguva.

Une kusava nechokwadi nezvechinzvimbo chako? Tiudze nezvemamiriro ako ezvinhu. Tichakuzivisa mukati mezuva rimwe chete rebasa kuti ndeapi masarudzo ako. Taura nesu, fonera +31 40 369 06 80 kana email info@lawandmore.nl.

Law & More, Marconilaan 13, 5612 HM Eindhoven (+31 40 369 06 80) uye nzvimbo yekushanya Pietersbergweg 291, 1105 BM Amsterdam (+31 20 369 71 21). Inowanikwa Muvhuro kusvika Chishanu 08:00-22:00, Mugovera neSvondo 09:00-17:00.

Peji rino rinopa ruzivo rwakawanda uye haritsivi mazano pamusoro pemamiriro ako chaiwo.