Inishuwarenzi yemhosva haisi yekumanikidzwa muNetherlands, kunze kwemotokari nedzimwe nzvimbo dzebasa, asi mutemo weDutch unokuita kuti uve nemhosva yekukuvadza kwaunokonzeresa vamwe zvisina kururama pasina muganhu wakatarwa. Mutemo wemhosva yemunhu (aansprakelijkheidsverzekering voor particulieren, AVP) unovhara njodzi iyoyo kwauri nemhuri yako, kusanganisira kukuvara kunokonzerwa nevana vako nezvipfuyo.
Kumabhizinesi, chinhu chakafanana neinishuwarenzi yemhosva yebhizinesi (bedrijfsaansprakelijkheidsverzekering), uye musiyano uripo pakati peinishuwarenzi iyoyo neinishuwarenzi yehumbowo hwehunyanzvi (beroepsaansprakelijkheidsverzekering) ndipo panowanzo batwa makambani. Yekutanga inovhara kukuvara kwevanhu nekukuvara kwezvinhu, yechipiri inovhara kurasikirwa nemari kunokonzerwa nezvikanganiso zvehunyanzvi. Pazasi tinotsanangura zvinovharirwa neinishuwarenzi yega yega, zvainosiya uye kuti chikumbiro chinobatwa sei.
Sei inishuwarenzi yemhosva ichikosha muNetherlands?
Nekuti pasi pemutemo weDutch unofanirwa kubhadhara kukuvara kwaunokonzeresa vamwe nekuita zvisina kururama, uye hapana huwandu hwemhosva iyoyo. Pasina inishuwarenzi, tsaona imwe chete inogona kukudhura mari yakawanda kupfuura yaungabhadhara.
Mutemo mukuru uri muChikamu 6:162 cheDutch Civil Code (Burgerlijk Wetboek, BW): ani naani anoita chiito chisina kururama (onrechtmatige daad) kune mumwe munhu chinogona kunzi chakakonzerwa naye anofanira kuripa kukuvara kwakakonzerwa nako. Pamusoro pezvo, mutemo unoita kuti uve nemhosva kune vamwe uye kune zvimwe zvinhu mune dzimwe nguva, kunyangwe kana usina kuita chakaipa iwe pachako. Vabereki vane mhosva yekukuvadzwa kwakakonzerwa nevana vavo vari pasi pemakore gumi nemana (Chikamu 6:169 BW), uye muridzi wemhuka ane mhosva yekukuvadzwa kwakakonzerwa nayo (Chikamu 6:179 BW). Magwaro akazara anowanikwa pa wetten.overheid.nl (Bhuku 6 reDutch Civil Code).
Funga nezvemwana ane nhabvu inopwanya hwindo remugari wemota, kana mutyairi webhasikoro anotsveyama nekukwenya mota yakamira. Zviitiko izvi zvezuva nezuva zvinogona kukonzera mari inosvika mazana kana zviuru zvemaeuro. Kana mumwe munhu akakuvara zvakanyanya, chikumbiro chemari yekurapwa uye kurasikirwa nemari chinogona kusvika mamiriyoni. Dare rinogona kuderedza mubairo kana muripo wakazara uchizotungamira kumhedzisiro isingagamuchirwi (Chinyorwa 6:109 BW), asi rinofunga kana wakaiswa inishuwarenzi, uye haugone kuvimba nekudzikiswa.
Inishuwarenzi yemhosva inongovhara kukuvara kwaunokonzera kune vamwe chete. Kukuvadzwa kwezvinhu zvako kana kukuvara kwako kunoenderana nemamwe mapolisi, akadai seinishuwarenzi yezvinhu zvepamba kana inishuwarenzi yehutano.
Ndeapi marudzi einishuwarenzi yemhosva aripo?
Mhando huru dzeinishuwarenzi yemhosva yemunhu pachake yehupenyu hwake hwepachivande, inishuwarenzi yemhosva yebhizinesi yekukuvara kwemuviri kunokonzerwa nebhizinesi, inishuwarenzi yehunyanzvi yekurasikirwa nemari inokonzerwa nezvikanganiso zvehunyanzvi, uye inishuwarenzi yemhosva yevatungamiriri nevakuru vevatungamiriri.
Kuti ndeipi policy inopindura zvinoenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu apo kukuvara kwakaitika. Chiitiko chega chinowira pasi peAVP yako. Kukuvadzwa kunokonzerwa nemabasa ebhizinesi rako kunowira pasi pemhosva yebhizinesi kana inishuwarenzi yehunyanzvi. Zvikumbiro zvemunhu oga kuvatungamiriri, semuenzaniso mukubhuroka, zvinowira pasi pepolicy yevatungamiriri nevakuru (D&O). Mhosva yevatungamiriri ine mitemo yayo, yatinokurukura munyaya yedu pamusoro pemhosva yevatungamiriri muNetherlands.
Inishuwarenzi yemhosva yemunhu (AVP) inofukidza chii?
AVP inovhara kukuvara kwawakaita iwe nemhuri yako kune vamwe vanhu kana pfuma yavo muhupenyu hwako hwepachivande. Hazvisi zvekumanikidzwa, asi mhuri zhinji muNetherlands dzine imwe.
Mutemo wemhuri unowanzo sanganisira:
- iwe nemumwe wako kana mukadzi/murume wako muchigara pakero imwe chete;
- vana venyu vadiki, kusanganisira vana vakatorwa nevakarerwa nevamwe;
- vana vakuru vanogara kumba kana kuti vanogara kure vachidzidza nguva yakazara;
- mhuka dzako dzinovaraidza, dzakadai sekati nembwa;
- vashandi vemumba, vakaita semuchenesi kana muchengeti wemwana, pavanenge vachikushandira.
Mari yeinishuwarenzi inotangira pamiriyoni imwe kusvika kumaeuro mashoma pachiitiko chimwe nechimwe yakajairika, nekuti mari shoma. Mari yakawanda yeinishuwarenzi inowanzodhura zvishoma uye inopa dziviriro iri nani kubva kunjodzi isingawanzoitika asi yakakomba yekukuvara kwemunhu. Rudzi chairwo rwekuvharirwa rwunotsanangurwa mumitemo yeinishuwarenzi (polisvoorwaarden), saka gara uchivaverenga.
Chii chisingafukidzwe neAVP?
Kuva neAVP haisi mutemo une njodzi dzese. Zvinhu zvinonyanya kusabatanidzwa ndeizvi:
- kukuvara kunokonzerwa nemaune;
- kukuvara kunokonzerwa nemotokari, senge mota, mudhudhudhu kana moped, izvo zvinoda inishuwarenzi yemotokari yakasiyana;
- kukuvara kunokonzerwa nekushanda kwebhizinesi rako kana basa rako;
- kukuvara kwepfuma yako;
- kukuvara kwezvinhu zvawakakwereta, zvawakarenda kana zvauri kutarisira, izvo zvinowanzobviswa kana kuvharwa kusvika pamari shoma chete.
Iwe pachako une mhosva yekukuvara kunokonzerwa nebasa here?
Semushandi, kazhinji hazviwanzoitirwa vanhu vechitatu. Pasi peChinyorwa 6:170 BW mushandirwi wako ane mhosva yekukuvadza kwaunoita vamwe mubasa rako, uye iwe une mhosva chete kumushandirwi wako nekuda kwechinangwa kana kusangwarira nemaune (Chinyorwa 7:661 BW).
Ndosaka mushandi asingawanzoda mutemo webhizinesi wakasiyana. Vanhu vanozvishandira (zzp'ers) nevaridzi vemabhizinesi vari munzvimbo yakasiyana: vane mhosva yezvikanganiso zvavo uye vanoda muripo webhizinesi. AVP haambofi akavhara kukuvara kunokonzerwa nebhizinesi rako.
Inishuwarenzi ipi inoda mabhizinesi nevashandi vanozvishandira?
Kazhinji mutemo wemhosva yebhizinesi kana paine kukuvara kwemuviri, uye kune chero ani zvake anopa mazano kana anopa mabasa ehunyanzvi, mutemo wekubhadhara mari yekurasikirwa nemari. Izvi zviviri zvinofukidza njodzi dzakasiyana uye hazvitsivi mumwe nemumwe.
Mhosva yebhizinesi yekukuvara nekukuvara kwepfuma
Inishuwarenzi yemhosva yebhizinesi (aansprakelijkheidsverzekering voor bedrijven, AVB) ikambani yebhizinesi inoenderana neAVP. Inovhara kukuvara kwevanhu nekukuvara kwezvinhu zvinokonzerwa nemabasa ebhizinesi rako, vashandi vako kana zvigadzirwa zvako.
Mienzaniso: mutengi anotsvedza pasi rakanyorova muhofisi mako otyoka ruoko; mugadziri wepombi anodonhedza vhasi rinodhura mumba memutengi; mushandi wekambani yekubika anodururira muenzi kofi inopisa. Mutemo uyu unovhara kukuvara uko bhizinesi rinofanira kubhadharisa, uye kazhinji mari yekudzivirira chikumbiro. Mapurogiramu mazhinji haabatanidzi kukuvara kwebasa rauri kushanda pariri, uye kukuvara kwezvinhu zvaunotarisira, saka nyatsoongorora zvikamu izvozvo.
Mari yekuripira kurasikirwa nemari yehunyanzvi
Inishuwarenzi yerubatsiro rwehunyanzvi inovhara kurasikirwa kwemari uko mutengi anosangana nako nekuda kwechikanganiso kana zano risina hanya pabasa rako. Hapana kukuvara kwemuviri; kurasikirwa kwacho ndekwemari.
Chifukidziro ichi chakakosha kune chero ani zvake anopa mazano kana kupa mabasa akakosha. Funga nezvemupi wezano weIT ane mazano asina kunaka anokanganisa chitoro chemutengi chepamhepo kwezuva rimwe chete, muaccountant ane kukanganisa kwekuverenga kunotungamira mukuongororwa kwemitero nefaindi yemutengi, kana kambani yekushambadzira ine mushandirapamwe unotyora kodzero dzemumwe munhu. Kune mamwe mabasa inishuwarenzi iyi inosungirwa pasi pemitemo yehunyanzvi, semuenzaniso kune magweta nemanotari, uye vanopa masevhisi emari pasi peMutemo weFinancial Supervision (Wet op het financieel toezicht, Wft).
Contractual dhadha
Mapoinzi emhosva anowanzo vhara mutoro unotevera kubva pamutemo. Mutoro wawakaita nechibvumirano kupfuura zvinotarisirwa nemutemo, semuenzaniso muchikamu chakakura chekuripa kana chikamu chechirango, unowanzo bviswa.
Tarisa zvibvumirano zvako nemitemo nemamiriro ezvinhu zvichienderana nepolicy yako. Deredza mutoro wako mumitemo yako kana zvichibvira, semuenzaniso pamari inobhadharwa neinishuwarenzi, uye iva nechokwadi chekuti mitemo yacho yakapihwa vatengi vako nemazvo. Zvikasadaro ungangodaro wakabvumirana nezvinopfuura zvinofanirwa kuvharwa neinishuwarenzi yako. Kuti uwane divi repamutemo rezvikumbiro zvekukuvadzwa, ona chinyorwa chedu pamusoro pezvikumbiro zvekukuvadzwa.
Mutoro wevatungamiriri nevakuru
Vatungamiriri vanogona kuva nemhosva yekutadza kutonga zvakanaka, semuenzaniso kukambani pasi peChinyorwa 2:9 BW kana kune vane chikwereti vari mubhuroka pasi peChinyorwa 2:248 BW (yekambani yakazvimirira ine miganhu, BV). Mutemo weD&O unovhara zvichemo zvakadaro nemari yekuzvidzivirira, asi kazhinji kwete kana paine chinangwa kana hutsotsi. Inotorwa nekambani iyi kuti iite vatungamiriri vayo nenhengo dzebhodhi revatariri.
Unosarudza sei mutemo wakakodzera?
Tarisa zvinhu zvitatu: mari yawakaisirwa inishuwarenzi, mari inobviswa kubva kuinishuwarenzi uye mari isingabatanidzwe. Kuita izvi nemazvo kunokudzivirira kuti usave neinishuwarenzi yakakwana kana kubhadhara mari yausingade.
Unoda chifukidzo chakawanda sei?
Mari inobhadharwa neinishuwarenzi ndiyo mari yepamusoro inobhadharwa neinishuwarenzi pachiitiko chimwe nechimwe, dzimwe nguva pagore. Kune AVP, musiyano wemari yeinishuwarenzi pakati pemari yakaderera neyakakwira unowanzova mudiki, nepo kukuvara kwakakomba kwemunhu kuchigona kukonzera zvikwereti zvinosvika mamiriyoni. Kune mabhizinesi, mari yakakodzera inoenderana nebasa, rudzi rwevatengi uye mhedzisiro inogona kuitika kana chikanganiso chaitika. Mugadziri wemifananidzo anoshanda ega anotarisana nenjodzi yakasiyana neinjiniya wekuvaka. Dzimwe nguva vatengi vanoda mari shoma inobhadharwa neinishuwarenzi muzvibvumirano zvavo.
Mari inobviswa kubva pamari
Mari inobvisirwa mubereko (eigen risico) chikamu chemari imwe neimwe yaunobhadhara iwe pachako. Mari yepolisi isina mari inobvisirwa mubereko ine mari yepamusoro asi inovhara mari inobva kueuro yekutanga. Mari yepolisi ine mari inobvisirwa mubereko ine mari shoma, asi unobhadhara chikamu chekutanga chemari yese. Mari inobvisirwa mubereko yakawanda inogona kuva nemusoro kana usingatarisiri mari diki.
Kwekutenga mutemo
Unogona kutenga zvakananga kubva kune kambani yeinishuwarenzi, kuenzanisa mapolisi pawebhusaiti yekuenzanisa kana kushandisa kambani yeinishuwarenzi. Kutenga zvakananga kuri nyore asi kunokuganhurira kune zvigadzirwa zvekambani yeinishuwarenzi imwe chete. Webhusaiti yekuenzanisa inoratidza mitengo nezvinhu zvekutanga asi haipe mazano emunhu. Mutengesi anogona kukupa mazano pane zvinodiwa zvakaoma uye kukubatsira nezvikumbiro, asi anogona kushanda neboka revane inishuwarenzi vashoma uye anogona kubhadharisa mari. Chero nzira yaunosarudza, enzanisa mamiriro epolisi, kwete mari yeprimiyamu chete.
Chii chaunofanira kuita mushure mechiitiko?
Iva nechokwadi chekuti munhu wese akachengeteka, nyora chokwadi uye taura nezvekukuvara kwacho kune kambani yako yeinishuwarenzi nekukurumidza. Usazviti une mhosva iwe pachako: mitemo yakawanda yepolicy inorambidza izvi pasina mvumo yekambani yeinishuwarenzi.
Kukumbira ruregerero zvine hushamwari kwakanaka, asi kutaura kwakadai sekuti "ndini ndakakanganisa" kunogona kuita kuti nyaya yacho iome. Zviri kukambani yeinishuwarenzi kuti ione kana uine mhosva. Tarisa pane zviri kuitika:
- Tarisa kana paine akakuvara uye achida rubatsiro rwechiremba.
- Tora mapikicha nemavhidhiyo ekukuvara kwacho, nzvimbo yacho nemamiriro ezvinhu akakodzera, akadai sepasi rinotsvedza kana kuti chiedza chisina kunaka.
- Nyora mazita neruzivo rwekuonana rwezvapupu.
- Chinjanai mazita, kero, uye ruzivo rweinishuwarenzi nemumwe munhu.
Kuzivisa kambani yako yeinishuwarenzi
Taura nezvechiitiko ichi kune kambani yako yeinishuwarenzi nekukurumidza sezvinobvira, kazhinji kuburikidza nemutsara wezvikumbiro kana online portal. Kazhinji uchafanirwa kuzadza fomu rekukumbira (schadeformulier) nerondedzero yechokwadi yezvakaitika, mapato akabatanidzwa uye kukuvara. Zadza nemazvo, uchishandisa ruzivo rwawakaunganidza. Kunonoka kuzivisa kana kupa ruzivo rusiri rwechokwadi kunogona kukanganisa kuchengetedzwa kwako, nekuti mamiriro epolicy anowanzo kuda kuziviswa nekukurumidza uye kushandira pamwe.
Inishuwarenzi inobva yaongorora kana uine mhosva uye kana kukuvara kwacho kwakavharirwa. Kana zvakadaro, inobhadhara munhu akakuvara zvakananga, pasina chero deductible, yaunobhadhara iwe pachako. Ngatitii imbwa yako yasvetuka ichienda kune muenzi uye kamera yakaputsika, nemari yekugadzirisa ye600 euros. Nedeductible ye100 euros, unobhadhara 100 euros uye inishuwarenzi inobhadhara 500 euros yasara. Pazvikwereti zvidiki zvinogona kudhura kusabatanidza inishuwarenzi yako zvachose.
Kana mumwe munhu akakuvara zvakanyanya, munhu akakuvara anowanzo batsirwa nachiremba wezvekukuvara. Law & More haibati nyaya dzekukuvara kwemunhu; tinodziendesa kugweta rine hunyanzvi hwekukuvara kwemunhu.
Ko kana kambani yeinishuwarenzi ikaramba kubhadhara?
Kumbira kambani yeinishuwarenzi kuti ikupe tsananguro yakanyorwa wobva waendesa chichemo kudhipatimendi rayo rezvichemo. Kana uri mutengi uye chichemo chisina kugadziriswa, unogona kuenda kuFinancial Services Complaints Tribunal (Klachteninstituut Financiële Dienstverlening, Kifid), kana kudare.
Makambani einishuwarenzi anowanzo ramba muripo nekuvimba nekubviswa kana kutyorwa kwemitemo yeinishuwarenzi, semuenzaniso kunonoka kuzivisa. Kuramba kwakadaro hakusi nguva dzose kwakakodzera. Pasi peChinyorwa 7:941 BW, inishuwarenzi inogona chete kuderedza kana kuramba muripo wekuzivisa kunonoka kana zvido zvayo zvine musoro zvakanganiswa nekuda kweizvozvo. Kubviswa kunofanirawo kuve pachena; mamiriro einishuwarenzi asina kujeka anotsanangurwa seanobatsira mutengi. Mabhizinesi haagone kushandisa Kifid uye anofanira kuenda kudare kana hurukuro dzikakundikana.
Chii chinofanira kuzivikanwa nevanhu vanobva kune dzimwe nyika nevagari vatsva?
Mutemo wekubhadharisa mari kubva kunyika yako hauwanzokupa muripo wakakwana kana wangogara muNetherlands. Tora mutemo wekuDutch nekukurumidza paunotama.
Marongero ekunze anowanzo gadzirirwa vagari vemunyika iyoyo uye anogona kusabvisa kana kuganhurira kuvharirwa kwevanhu vakatamira kunze kwenyika zvachose. Marongero eDutch anoenderana nemutemo weDutch wemhosva, kusanganisira mutoro wakasimba wevana nemhuka. MuNetherlands zvinowanzo fungidzirwa kuti munhu anokonzera kukuvara ane inishuwarenzi, saka kuvimba nerubatsiro rwechido chemoyo chete kunogona kutungamira mumamiriro ezvinhu asina kunaka nevavakidzani neshamwari.
Makambani mazhinji einishuwarenzi anopa rubatsiro kuvatengi, kugadzirisa zvichemo uye mawebhusaiti epamhepo muChirungu. Mamwe anogona kupa dudziro yeChirungu yemamiriro epolicy. Yeuka kuti shanduro yechiDutch ndiyo inowanzo sunga zviri pamutemo. Vamwe mabroker vane hunyanzvi mukupa mazano kune dzimwe nyika.
Mitemo mikuru yeinishuwarenzi yeDutch
| Izwi rechiDutch | Zvinoreva Chirungu | Zvazvinoreva kwauri |
|---|---|---|
| Inishuwarenzi yemhosva | Inishuwarenzi yemutoro | Inishuwarenzi yekukuvadzwa kwaunokonzera kune vamwe vanhu kana pfuma yavo. |
| Ngozi yega | Inobviswa | Chikamu chechikwereti chimwe nechimwe chaunobhadhara iwe pachako. |
| Mamiriro emitemo | Mamiriro emitemo | Mitemo yechibvumirano, kusanganisira zviri mukati nezvisiri mukati. |
| Schadeformulier | Fomu rekukumbira chikumbiro | Fomu raunozadza kuti utaure nezvechiitiko uye unyore chikumbiro. |
| Coverage | fukidza | Chii chinodzivirirwa nemutemo uyu uye kusvika pahuwandu hupi. |
Muchidimbu
- Pasi pemutemo weDutch une mhosva yekukuvadza kwaunokonzeresa vamwe zvisiri izvo, pasina denga rakatarwa; vabereki nevaridzi vezvipfuyo vane mhosvawo yevana vavo nemhuka dzavo.
- Inishuwarenzi yemhosva yemunhu (AVP) haisi yekumanikidzwa asi inovhara mhuri yako muhupenyu hwako hwepachivande; mota dzinoda inishuwarenzi yekumanikidzwa yakasiyana.
- Mabhizinesi anoda inishuwarenzi yemhosva yebhizinesi kana akakuvara uye, pavanopa mazano, inishuwarenzi yehunyanzvi yekuripa mari kana akarasikirwa nemari.
- Mutoro wechibvumirano unopfuura mutemo uye kukuvara kunokonzerwa nemaune hazviwanzo kuvharwa.
- Mushure mechiitiko, nyora chokwadi, taura nekukurumidza uye usabvuma mhosva yako pasina mvumo yeinishuwarenzi yako.
Mibvunzo inowanzobvunzwa
Inishuwarenzi yemhosva inosungirwa here muNetherlands?
Inishuwarenzi yemhosva yemunhu (AVP) haisi yekumanikidzwa, kunyangwe mhuri zhinji dziinayo. Inishuwarenzi inosungirwa pamotokari pasi peMotor Insurance Liability Act (WAM), kusanganisira mopeds. Kune mamwe mabasa, akadai semagweta, ma notaries nevanopa masevhisi emari, inishuwarenzi yehunyanzvi inosungirwa pasi pemitemo yavo yehunyanzvi.
Inishuwarenzi yemhosva yemunhu inodhura marii?
AVP inowanzova imwe yemainishuwarenzi akachipa aripo. Mari yekubhadhara inotsamira painishuwarenzi, huwandu hweinishuwarenzi, chimiro chemhuri uye kana ukasarudza mari inobviswa. Enzanisa mamiriro einishuwarenzi pamwe nemutengo.
Inishuwarenzi yemhosva yemunhu inovhara kukuvara kunokonzerwa nebasa here?
Kwete. AVP inongovhara hupenyu hwemunhu oga. Semushandi kazhinji haufanirwe kupomerwa mhosva kune vamwe vanhu nekuda kwekukuvadzwa kunokonzerwa kubasa, nekuti mushandirwi wako ane mhosva pasi peChikamu 6:170 cheDutch Civil Code. Vanhu vanozvishandira nevaridzi vemabhizinesi vanoda inishuwarenzi yebhizinesi kana inishuwarenzi yehunyanzvi.
Zvipfuyo zvangu zvinofukidzwa here nepolicy yangu?
Kazhinji, hongu. Semuridzi, une mutoro wekukuvadzwa kunokonzerwa nemhuka yako pasi peChikamu 6:179 cheDutch Civil Code, uye AVP yakajairika inowanzo vhara mhuka dzinovaraidza. Tarisa mutemo wako kuti uone miganhu kana kusabatanidzwa, semuenzaniso kune mamwe marudzi emhuka kana mabhiza.
Law & More inopa mazano kuvanhu nemakambani panyaya dzemhosva, kusawirirana kwemari yeinishuwarenzi nemakambani einishuwarenzi uye kuganhurirwa kwemhosva muzvibvumirano nemitemo yakajairika. Hauzive kuti uri papi? Tiudze nezvemamiriro ako ezvinhu. Tichakuzivisa sarudzo dzako mukati mezuva rimwe chete rekushanda.
sei Law & More zvinogona kukubatsira neizvi zvinotsanangurwa pa Gweta revashandi peji.
