Mazano emutemo pamusoro pezvibvumirano pasi pemutemo weDutch: zvaunofanira kufukidza

Mazano emutemo pamusoro pezvibvumirano pasi pemutemo weDutch anopindura mibvunzo mina: kana chibvumirano chakaitika, kana mitemo yacho ichienderana nemutemo unosungirwa, kana mitemo nemipimo yako zvinosunga mumwe munhu, uye zvaunofanira kuita nenzira yepamutemo usati wagumisa kana kukumbira muripo. Mutemo wechibvumirano weDutch unowanikwa zvakanyanya muBhuku 3 ne6 reBurgerlijk Wetboek (Civil Code), uye wakasiyana nemutemo wechibvumirano weAnglo-American pazvinhu zvinokosha zuva nezuva: hapana chinodiwa chekufunga nezvazvo, zvibvumirano zvakawanda hazvina fomu, uye chikamu chinoshanda papepa chinogona kusara nekuti kuvimba nacho kwaisazogamuchirwa nematanho ekunzwisisa uye kururamisira.

Imwe pfungwa yekutanga inojekesa kusanzwisisana kwakajairika. Kupa mazano emutemo hakusi chinhu chakachengetwa muNetherlands: chero ani zvake anogona kuzviita. Chinodzorwa kumiririrwa mudare, izvo mumatare mazhinji edzimhosva pamberi pedare redunhu, dare rekukwirira neDare Repamusorosoro zvakachengeterwa kutsigira, uye kunyorwa kwemagwaro anogona kuitwa ne notaris chete. Vamiriri nevamiriri chete ndivo vanosungirwa nemitemo yehunyanzvi, vanofanirwa kutakura inishuwarenzi yehunyanzvi uye kuwana ropafadzo yehunyanzvi hwemutemo. Kana saiti yetemplate kana mupi wezano asina pamutemo akakanganisa chibvumirano chako, hauna mutoro wehunyanzvi wekutarisa. Ndiyo chikonzero chinoshanda chekutora sarudzo yemupi wezano zvakakomba, kwete nyaya yemazita.

Kondirakiti yatanga riini pasi pemutemo weDutch

Chibvumirano chinoumbwa nechipo uye kugamuchirwa kwacho, sezvinotaurwa nechikamu 6:217 cheCivil Code. Seri kwemutemo iwoyo uri nyore pane dzidziso inodzora nyaya dzese dzekuumbwa: chibvumirano chinoda chinangwa chinoenderana nechiziviso, uye kana zvikasiyana, rimwe bato rinogona kuramba richivimba nezvarakanzwisisa kubva mumashoko ako kana maitiro ako. Ndosaka mutauriri wenhaurirano anoti hongu kumashoko ekutengeserana uye achida kuramba achitaurirana pachivande anogona kuona kuti chibvumirano chapera. Kunyarara hakusi kugamuchira, kunze kwekunge nzira yekutanga yekutengeserana kana kushandiswa kwekutengeserana ichiita kuti zvive saizvozvo.

Hapana chinodiwa chekufunga nezvazvo. Mutemo weDutch haubvunzi kuti divi rega rega rakapa chii, uye chinodiwa chekare chechikonzero chepamutemo chakanyangarika neMutemo weVanhu uripo. Chakatsiva mutemo uyu mutemo wekusava nechinhu: chibvumirano chine zviri mukati kana chinangwa chinopesana nezvinodiwa nemitemo, kurongeka kwevanhu kana tsika dzakanaka hazvishande. Saka mubvunzo wekupa zano rakakodzera hausi wekuti chimwe chinhu chakakosha chakatsinhaniswa here, asi kuti chibvumirano chacho chinoyambuka mutemo wepamutemo here.

Zvibvumirano zvakawanda hazvina fomu uye chibvumirano chemuromo chinosunga, asi zvimwe zvacho zvine basa uye hazvina mubvunzo. Kutamiswa kwezvivakwa zveDutch uye kutamiswa kana kuvimbiswa kwemasheya muDutch BV zvinoda gwaro rekusimbisa, kutamiswa kwezvivakwa kunodawo kunyoreswa mumarejista eruzhinji, uye zvibvumirano zvepamberi pemuchato nekugara pamwe chete zvinoda gwaro rekusimbisa. Kukundikana kutevedzera zvinodiwa pafomu hakuiti kuti chibvumirano chive chakaoma kuratidza; kunoita kuti chisashande. Kana pasina gwaro rekusimbisa, eIDAS Regulation neCivil Code pamwe chete zvinoreva kuti chibvumirano chemagetsi, kusanganisira siginecha yemagetsi yakakodzera, chinogona kuzadzisa zvinodiwa pafomu rakanyorwa chero bedzi nzira inoshandiswa yakavimbika zvakakwana zvichienderana nechinangwa chegwaro.

Misungo miviri yekuumba inodzoka. Yekutanga ihondo yemafomu. Apo mapato ese ari maviri anotaura nezvemazwi avo, chikamu 6:225 cheCivil Code chinopa kukosha kune mazwi anotaurwa pakutanga, kunze kwekunge bato rechipiri raramba zvakananga seti yekutanga; kurambwa kwakavigwa muchinyorwa chidiki hakuverengerwi sekutaura kwakajeka. Yechipiri ndeyekubva pakutaurirana. Mutemo weDutch hautore kutaurirana sekusina njodzi: zvichienderana nekuti hurukuro dzafambira mberi sei uye kuti ndezvipi zvaitarisirwa, kuzviputsa kunogona kumanikidza bato kubhadhara mari yemamwe mativi, uye mune dzimwe nguva dzinoshamisa kuramba dzichitaurirana. Chinyorwa chedu pamusoro pemaitiro ekutaurirana kwezvibvumirano chinotaura nezvekuti ungagadzirisa sei kusangana ikoko netsamba yakanyorwa zvakanaka yechinangwa.

Ko mitemo nemipimo yenyu inoshanda zvechokwadi here?

Iyi ndiyo nzvimbo imwe chete inobatsira zvikuru pakupa mazano ezvibvumirano muNetherlands, nekuti mabhizinesi mazhinji anofunga kuti mitemo yavo yepamutemo (mitemo nemirau) inoshanda asi isiri kushanda. Mibvunzo miviri yakasiyana inofanira kupindurwa. Yekutanga ndeyekuti mitemo iyi iri chikamu chechibvumirano here: chirevo chiri muchibvumirano chakakwana, uye rimwe bato rinosungirwa kunyangwe risina kuaverenga. Chechipiri ndechekuti mushandisi akapa rimwe bato mukana wakakwana wekuzvicherechedza here. Pasi pechinyorwa 6:233 cheCivil Code, shoko harigone kushandiswa kana mukana iwoyo usina kupihwa, uye chinyorwa 6:234 chinotsanangura kuti zvinofanira kuitwa sei, musimboti nekupa mitemo yacho chibvumirano chisati chapera kana kuti panguva ino, kana kuti nekuita kuti iwanikwe nemagetsi nenzira inobvumira kuchengetwa.

Mhedzisiro yekukanganisa uku yakakura uye ine divi rimwe chete: rimwe bato rinogona kubvisa zvikamu zvaro zvarisingade, kazhinji muganho wako wemhosva, nepo zvimwe zvese zvechibvumirano zvichiripo. Kutaurwa nezvedhipoziti kuChamber of Commerce kana kudare redzimhosva kunobvumirwa chete kana kupa mitemo yacho kusingagoneke, izvo munguva ye email nemawebhusaiti zvisingawanzoitika. Pamakondirakiti apera nemagetsi, mitemo yacho inofanira kupihwa muchimiro icho rimwe bato rinogona kuchengetedza uye kuburitsazve; chinongedzo chinozofa gare gare injodzi chaiyo.

Kudzora zviri mukati kunouya pamusoro peizvozvo. Muzvibvumirano nevatengi, Civil Code ine runyorwa rutema rwemashoko anogara achinetsa zvisina musoro uye runyorwa rutema rwemashoko anofungidzirwa kuti anonetsa, uye ese ari maviri anoverengwa zvichienderana neEU Unfair Terms Directive, iyo inoda kuti dare rizvishandise zvaro. Chinyorwa chedu pamusoro pemutemo weDutch wekudzivirira vatengi mumakondirakiti chinoshanda kuburikidza nerondedzero idzodzo. Pakati pemabhizinesi runyorwa harushande zvakananga, asi bhizinesi diki rinotarisana neboka guru rinogona kushandisa simba rayo, uye mwero wekuti izwi harifanirwe kunge rakaoma zvisina musoro rinoshanda kune chero chibvumirano. Makambani makuru kwazvo, anotsanangurwa nekureva zvisungo zvavo zvemishumo yemari kana vashandi, haabviswe mudziviriro iyoyo zvachose, inova chikonzero chekuti bhizinesi guru ritaure nezvemuganho waro wemhosva pane kuvimba nenzira yepamutemo.

Ndezvipi zvikamu zvemutemo weDutch zvisingazoshandiswe sezvazvakanyorwa

Dare reDutch rine nzvimbo yakawanda yekugadzirisa chibvumirano kupfuura dare reEngland kana reAmerica, uye zano rakanaka rinodhura izvozvo pane kuregeredza. Chirevo chekuregererwa chinoshanda musimboti, asi bato harigone kuchishandisa kana kuita izvozvo kusingagamuchirwi nemitemo yekunzwisisa uye kururamisira, inova ndiyo bvunzo inoshandiswa neDare Repamusorosoro uye inonyanya kurwadza munyaya dzekusateerera nemaune kana kuti dzakakomba nevatungamiriri. Chirango chechibvumirano chinogona kushandiswa, asi dare rinogona kuchideredza pachikumbiro chemukwereti apo chirango chacho chakanyanya kukwira, uye hachigone kubatanidzwa nechikumbiro chekuripiswa kwekutyorwa kumwe chete kunze kwekunge chibvumirano chataura kudaro.

Zvibvumirano zvinorambidza zvine maitiro azvo. Chisungo chisina makwikwi muchibvumirano chebasa chinoshanda chete kana chakanyorwa nemushandi wezera rakazara, uye muchibvumirano chenguva yakatarwa chete kana mushandirwi akaisa muchikamu ichocho zvido zvebhizinesi zvinomanikidza zvinoda izvozvo, izvo dare richaongorora; chinyorwa chedu pamusoro pekusakwikwidzana muchibvumirano chenguva pfupi chinotsanangura kuti bvunzo iyoyo inoshandiswa sei. Dare rinogona kuganhurira kana kubvisa chikamu chakadaro uye rinogona kupa muripo wenguva yarakaganhurira mushandi. Mamiriro ekugumisa akabatanidzwa pachibvumirano chebasa anotariswawo zvakanyanya, sezvatinoisa zvakasiyana pamamiriro ekugumisa muzvibvumirano zvebasa . Muzvibvumirano zvebhizinesi, zvikamu zvinobvumira bato rimwe chete kuchinja mitengo kana mitemo yega yega, uye zvikamu zvisingabatanidzi kugumiswa kwechibvumirano chenguva isingaperi zvachose, ndizvo zvinowanzo deredzwa nedare.

Saini, simba uye ndiani akasungwa chaizvo

Chibvumirano chakasainwa nemunhu asina mvumo hachisungirire munhu, uye iyi ndiyo cheki yakachipa pane zvese. Kune Dutch BV kana NV, simba rekumiririra kambani riri kubhodhi uye, kunze kwekunge zvinyorwa zvichipa zvimwe, kune director wega wega; zvinyorwa zvinogona kuisa chinodiwa chekubatana kana kuda mvumo yemasheya kune mamwe mabhizinesi, uye chero muganho wakanyoreswa unogona kushanda kwauri. Tora chikamu kubva kuHandelsregister paKamer van Koophandel usati wasaina chero chinhu chakakosha uye verenga zvirambidzo, kwete mazita chete.

Kana munhu akasaina asina mvumo, kambani ichiri kusungirwa kana ukafunga kuti mvumo iripo zvichibva pane zvakaitika kukambani, zvakaita semaitiro ayo mukutengeserana kwayakaita kare kana zita rayo rakabvumira musaini kushandisa. Dzidziso iyoyo inoponesa zvibvumirano zvakawanda asi idambudziko, kwete hurongwa. Pakuchinjisa migove muBV uye kune dzimba, gwaro remunotari ndiyo nguva inokosha, uye notari anoita ongororo yemvumo sechikamu chegwaro. Kuita kuti mapato acho arurame zvinorevawo kutarisa kuti mumwe wako ndiani chaizvo: zita rekutengeserana harisi sangano repamutemo, uye kusaina chibvumirano nesangano risiri iro muboka kunokusiya uine chikumbiro pamusoro pekambani isina chinhu. Magweta edu ezvibvumirano anoona izvi sechinhu chekutanga pane chekupedzisira.

Zvaunofanira kuita usati wagumisa kana kukumbira muripo wekukuvara

Mutemo weDutch unoisa maitiro, uye kuasiya ndiyo nzira yakajairika yekurasikirwa nenyaya yakasimba. Kana mashandiro asina kunaka, chikamu 6:89 cheCivil Code chinoda kuti mukweretesi anyunyute mukati menguva yakakodzera mushure mekunge awana kana kuti aifanira kunge awana kukanganisa, kana achirasikirwa nekodzero dzake dzese; zvinonzwisisika zvinoenderana nemhando yechibvumirano nemapato.

Chinotevera chinouya kusashanda zvakanaka. Kunze kwekunge kushanda zvakanaka kwava kusingagoneki zvachose, kana kuti chibvumirano chikaisa nguva yakatarwa iyo kupera kwayo pachakwo kunoisa mukwereti mukutadza kubhadhara, kana kuti mukwereti akakuudza kuti hachizoshande, unofanira kutumira ingebrekestelling (chiziviso chekusashanda zvakanaka) chakanyorwa chinoisa nguva yakakodzera yekuita. Kana nguva iyoyo yapera chete ndipo panobva mukwereti, uye ndipo chete panobva kodzero dzekuripa nekuda kwekunonoka uye kubviswa kwechikwereti. Kubviswa kwechibvumirano nekuda kwekutyorwa kwemutemo kunowanikwa kune chero kukundikana kuita kunze kwekunge kukundikana, tichifunga nezvekukosha kwacho kudiki, kusingakururamisi, uye kunogona kuitwa nekuzivisa kwakanyorwa pasina kuenda kudare. Kana mapato achida kupedzisa nyaya yacho pachawo, mhedzisiro yacho inonyorwa muchibvumirano chekugadzirisa , chinovasunga kunyangwe pachinosiyana nemamiriro avo emutemo akaomarara. Chekupedzisira, chenjerera nguva: chikumbiro chekushanda kana kukuvara pasi pechibvumirano kazhinji nguva inorambidzwa makore mashanu mushure mezuva rinotevera zuva iro mukweretesi akaziva nezvechikumbiro uye nezvemukweretesi, uye nguva yacho inokanganiswa nechikumbiro chakanyorwa kana chiziviso chinochengetedza kodzero dzako, pasi pechikamu 3:317 cheCivil Code.

Zvibvumirano zvepasi rose: mutemo, forum uye musangano wekutengesa

Muchibvumirano nebato riri kunze kweNetherlands, sarudzo nhatu dzakasiyana dzinofanira kuitwa uye dzinowanzo vhiringidzwa. Mutemo unoshanda unotsanangurwa neRome I Regulation, iyo inobvumira mapato kusarudza zvakasununguka; pasina sarudzo, chibvumirano chinowanzo tungamirirwa nemutemo wenyika iyo bato rinofanira kuita mashandiro aro rine pekugara paro, uye sarudzo yemutemo haigone kutorera mutengi kana mushandi dziviriro yemitemo inosungirwa yaizoshanda neimwe nzira. Foramu inosarudzwa neBrussels I Recast Regulation mukati meEU, iyo inotsigira sarudzo yedare uye neimwe nzira inonongedzera kunzvimbo yekugara kwemupomerwi kana nzvimbo yekuita, uye mutongo unobuda unotenderera muEU pasina exequatur.

Sarudzo yechitatu ndiyo inowanzo shaikwa. Netherlands ibato reUnited Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, uye inoshanda otomatiki pakutengeswa kwezvinhu pakati pemapato ari munyika dzakasiyana dzechibvumirano. Sarudzo yemutemo weDutch haibvisi, nekuti Convention chikamu chemutemo weDutch; kana uchida mitemo yeCivil Code pachinzvimbo, chibvumirano chinofanira kubvisa Convention zvakananga. Mutemo upi uri nani unoenderana nedivi rauri muchibvumirano, uye iwoyo mubvunzo wekupa zano rechokwadi pane kungopa boilerplate. Kana mubatanidzwa uri kunze kweEU, bvunza mubvunzo wekumanikidza usati wabvumirana neforamu: mutongo wausingakwanise kusimbisa kuti zvinhu zviri kupi hauna kukodzera maitiro akaugadzira. Rondedzero yedu usati wasaina chibvumirano inotarisa zvinhu izvi nenzira yakarongwa.

Yambiro inoratidza kuti chibvumirano chako hachina kumboedzwa zvichipesana nemutemo weDutch

Mamwe mashoko haakanganisike. Kudzokorora kunodzokorora pfungwa dzakanaka uye dzinokosha, chikamu chemutemo chinotungamira chinodudza nyika yeUS, chirevo cheFederal Arbitration Act, chimiro chezvimiririro newaranti chine muripo asi chisina muganho, kana chirevo chekuti nguva ndechechinhu chinoshandiswa sekunge chakatsiva chiziviso chekusaita zvakanaka: chimwe nechimwe cheizvi chinoratidza template yakanyorwa kune imwe sisitimu yemutemo. Hapana chimwe chazvo chinongoerekana chauraya, asi chimwe nechimwe chichadudzirwa nedare reDutch pasi pemitemo yekududzira yeDutch, iyo inotarisa zvinoreva mapato anogona kutsanangura zvine musoro kune zviri mumutemo uyu kwete pamashoko chete.

Zvimwe zviratidzo ndezvekutengeserana. Mutoro usina muganho kana muripo usina kuvharwa, kodzero yekugumisa inofamba nenzira imwe chete, kunyorwa kwemitengo kwakabatana nechiratidzo chemusika chisina kutsanangurwa, chikamu chechirango chisina hukama hwakataurwa nekukuvara, mazwi akajairika anotaurwa asi asina kumbopihwa, uye kuvandudzwa otomatiki kwenguva yekuzivisa kwenguva yakareba kupfuura nguva yacho pachayo. Kana chibvumirano chakasainwa chine zvakawanda zveizvi, danho rine musoro ipfungwa yechipiri pamberi pechibvumirano chinotevera pane gakava pamusoro pechekupedzisira. Kuwedzera kwakadzokororwa kujekesa nyaya imwe chete nenzira imwe chete: kunyora kwekutanga hakuna kufanana nemashandiro anoita mapato acho.

Kusarudza nekupa mazano kune mupi wezano

Enzanisa mupi wezano nenjodzi. Kana paine mutengo wakaderera, wemumba chete, wekamwe chete, template yakanaka pamwe nekuverenga zvakanyatsonaka pfungwa dziri pamusoro apa zvinogona kukwana. Kune chero chinhu chinosanganisira pfuma yepfungwa, ruzivo rwemunhu, masevhisi anodzokororwa, kuchengetedzeka kwezvinhu, kambani yekune imwe nyika kana hukama hwebasa, mutengo wekugadzirisa chikamu mushure mezvo unodarika mutengo wekuchiongorora pachine nguva nehukuru hwakakura. Kana gwaro remunotari richidikanwa, notaris haisi sarudzo uye haimiriri mativi ese. Kana kutongwa kwemhosva kuri mhedzisiro chaiyo, batanidza gweta rinozoitisa chibvumirano chichiri kunyorwa.

Nzira dzekubhadhara mari dziripo uye hadzishandiswi zvakakwana. Inishuwarenzi yemari yepamutemo inovhara nyaya dzakawanda dzevatengi nedzebasa uye kazhinji dzezvekutengeserana; apo inishuwarenzi inosarudza kuti nyaya dzinodiwa, munhu ane inishuwarenzi ane kodzero yekusarudza gweta rake, kodzero iyo Dare reJustice reEuropean Union rakatsanangura zvakanyanya uye iyo inishuwarenzi isingagoni kubvumidza, kunyangwe ichigona kudzikamisa mari yaanobhadhara. Vanhu vane mari yavo nezvinhu zvavo zviri pasi pemutengo wakatarwa gore rega rega pasi peWet op de rechtsbijstand vanogona kunyorera kuRaad voor Rechtsbijstand kuti vanyore uye vabhadhare mupiro wemunhu oga chete, uye Het Juridisch Loket inopa ruzivo rwemahara rwemutsara wekutanga.

Chinyorwa chakanaka chinochengetedza mari yakawanda kupfuura mutengo wakabvumiranwa. Tumira gwaro racho nenzira inogona kugadziriswa, tsamba inoratidza zvakatobvumiranwa, zvidimbu zveChamber of Commerce zvemapato ese ari maviri, uye chinyorwa chipfupi pamusoro pezvinotungamira kutengeserana: kuti chibvumirano ichi chakakosha sei, kuti chinofanira kutanga kushanda riini, uye kuti uchaita sei kana chikasashanda. Wobva wabvunza mibvunzo inopa mazano kwete mhinduro. Ndezvipi zvikamu zvinotiisa mumhosva isina kuvharwa kana isina inishuwarenzi. Ndeapi mazwi anosungirwa pasi pemutemo weDutch uye nekudaro asina kukodzera kutaurirana. Chii chaungasundidzira kana ukagara kune rimwe divi. Tingaita sei kuti izvi zvisimbiswe kana mumwe wevaviri ava ari kunze kwenyika? Chii chatinofanira kuita, uye riini, kana vakakundikana kuita.

Chekupedzisira, tora chibvumirano segwaro riripo. Nyora chiziviso chacho nemazuva ekuvandudzwa pazuva rekusaina, chengeta vhezheni imwe chete, nyora shanduko dzakanyorwa kunyangwe chibvumirano chisingadiwe, uye ongorora mazwi akajairika aunoshandisa pese painochinja mutemo. Mazhinji emakakatanwa atinosangana nawo akatanga nechikamu chekuti hapana akachitarisa zvakare mushure mekunge chibvumirano chapera.

Mibvunzo inowanzo bvunzwa nezve mazano emutemo pamakondirakiti

sei Law and More anogona kubatsira

Law and More Inonyora, inoongorora uye inotaurirana nezvezvibvumirano zvekutengeserana, zvebasa uye zvevatengi pasi pemutemo weDutch, inoongorora kana mitemo nemipimo yenyu zvichishanda, inopa mazano pakusarudza mutemo uye forum muzvibvumirano zvepamuganhu, uye inoita kana chibvumirano chatyorwa. Tinoshanda muchiDutch neChirungu uye tinogona kubatanidza magweta anotaura chiGerman neFrench kana chibvumirano chichida izvozvo. Kana uchida chibvumirano chiripo kana seti yemitemo yakajairwa yakaedzwa nemutemo weDutch, kana chibvumirano chitsva chakanyorwa, unogona kusvika kuchikwata chedu kuburikidza Website yedu.