Kurwadziwa kwepamutsipa mumutsipa unonzi "kutevedzera"
ziviso
Nekuunzwa kweDutch Anti-Money Laundering and Anti-Terrorist Financing Act (Wwft) uye shanduko dzakaitwa kuMutemo uyu dzakauya nguva itsva yekutarisisa. Sezvinoratidzwa nezita racho, Wwft yakaunzwa mukuyedza kurwisa kubiwa kwemari nekupa mari yehugandanga. Kwete chete masangano emari akadai semabhangi, makambani ekudyara uye makambani einishuwarenzi, asiwo magweta, vanyori, maakaunzi uye mamwe akawanda hunyanzvi anofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti anoenderana nemitemo iyi.
Maitirwo aya, kusanganisira hurongwa hwematanho anofanirwa kutorwa kuti aenderane nemitemo iyi, anotsanangurwa nezwi guru rekuti 'kutevedzera'. Kana mitemo yeWwft ikatyorwa, faindi yakakura inogona kutevera. Pakutanga kuona, hutongi hweWwft hunoita sehune musoro, dai pasina kuti Wwft yakura kuva marwadzo chaiwo ehuro mumutsipa, kurwisana nepamusoro pehugandanga uye vatengesi vemari: hutungamiri hunobudirira hwekushanda kwebhizimisi.
Kuongorora kwevatengi
Kuti utevedzere Wwft, masangano ambotaurwa anofanirwa kuita ongororo yemutengi. Chero (chinoda) kutengeserana kusingajairiki kunoda kuudzwa kuDutch Financial Intelligence Unit. Kana zvakabuda mukuferefeta zvikasapa ruzivo rwakakwana kana ruzivo kana kana kuferefetwa kwakanangana nezviitwa zvisiri pamutemo kana kuwira mukati mechikamu chine njodzi zvakanyanya pasi peWwft, iyo institution inofanirwa kuramba masevhisi ayo. Kuferefetwa kwemutengi kunoda kuitwa kwakadzama uye chero munhu anoverenga Wwft anobatikana mumitsetse yemitsara mirefu, zvikamu zvakaoma uye mareferensi akaoma.
Uye ndicho chete Chiito pachacho. Uye zvakare, vazhinji veWwft-vatariri vakaburitsa yavo yakaoma Wwft-manual. Pakupedzisira, kwete chete kuzivikanwa kwemutengi wese, kuve chero munhu wechisikigo kana wepamutemo ane hukama hwebhizimisi naye kana kuti kutengeserana kunoitwa (kuzo) kuitirwa, asiwo kuzivikanwa kwemuridzi wekupedzisira anobatsira ( UBO), vanobvira Vezvematongerwo enyika Vakafumurwa (PEPs) uye vamiriri vemutengi vanofanirwa kumiswa uye vozoongororwa.
Tsananguro dzepamutemo dzemazwi ekuti "UBO" uye "PEP" dzakadzama zvisingaite, asi dzika kune zvinotevera. Sezvo UBO ichakodzera munhu wega wega wechisikigo uyo anobata zvakananga kana zvisina kunanga zvinopfuura 25% ye (mugove) kufarira kwekambani, kwete kuve kambani yakanyorwa pamusika-musika. PEP, muchidimbu, munhu anoshanda munzvimbo ine mukurumbira yeruzhinji. Hukuru chaihwo hwekuferefetwa kwemutengi huchaenderana nemamiriro-yakanangana nenjodzi kuongororwa nesangano. Kuferefeta kunouya mumatanho matatu: kuferefeta kwakajairwa, kuferefeta kwakareruka uye nekuongorora kwakasimba.
Kuti utarise uye uone kuzivikanwa kwevanhu vese vataurwa pamusoro uye masangano, huwandu hwemagwaro huripo kana hunogona kudiwa, zvichienderana nerudzi rwekuferefeta. Kutarisa kwemagwaro anodiwa kunoguma nekunyorwa kunotevera kusingapereri: makopi e (apostilled) mapasipoti kana mamwe zvitupa, zvakatorwa kubva kuChamber of Commerce, zvinyorwa zvemubatanidzwa, marejista evanemasheya uye kutarisisa kwezvivakwa zvekambani. Munyaya yekuferefetwa kwakasimba, kunyange mamwe magwaro anogona kudiwa senge makopi emabhiri emagetsi, zvibvumirano zvebasa, mihoro yakatarwa uye zvirevo zvebhangi.
Izvo zvataurwa pamusoro apa zvinoguma nekuchinja kwekutarisa kure nemutengi uye kupihwa chaiko kwesevhisi, kunetsa kukuru kwehurumende, kuwedzera kwemitengo, kurasikirwa kwenguva, kudiwa kunobvira kuhaya vamwe vashandi nekuda kwekurasikirwa kwenguva, chisungo chekudzidzisa vashandi. pamitemo yeWwft, vatengi vakatsamwiswa, uye pamusoro pese kutya kwekuita zvikanganiso, se, chekupedzisira asi chisiri chidiki, Wwft yakasarudza kuisa basa rakakura rekuongorora mamiriro ega ega nemakambani pachawo nekushanda nemaitiro akazaruka. .
Zvinodzoreredza: mune dzidziso
Kusatevedzera kunounza zvinoverengeka zvinogona kuitika. Chekutanga, kana institution ikatadza kuzivisa (yaida) kutengeserana kusingawanzo, iyo institution ine mhosva yehupfumi pasi peDutch (tsotsi) mutemo. Kana zvasvika pakuferefeta kwemutengi, pane zvimwe zvinodiwa. Iyo institution inofanirwa kutanga yakwanisa kuita ongororo. Chechipiri, vashandi veiyo institution vanofanirwa kugona kuona chiitiko chisina kujairika. Kana sangano rikatadza kutevedzera mitemo yeWwft, mumwe wevakuru vanotungamira sezvakadomwa neWwft anogona kupa chirango chekuwedzera.
Chiremera chinogonawo kuburitsa faindi yekutonga, inowanzosiyana pakati pehuwandu hwemaeuro gumi uye € 10.000, zvichienderana nerudzi rwemhosva. Zvakadaro, Wwft handicho chega chiito chinopa mafaindi nezvirango, sezvo Mutemo weSanctions ('Sanctiewet') ungasakanganwikewo. Mutemo weSanctions wakatambirwa kuitira kuti zvirango zvitemerwe pasi rose. Chinangwa chezvirango ndechekugadzirisa zvimwe zviito zvenyika, masangano uye vanhu avo semuenzaniso vanotyora mutemo wepasi rose kana kodzero dzevanhu. Sezvirango, munhu anogona kufunga nezve zvirango zvezvombo, zvirango zvemari uye zvirambidzo zvekufamba kune vamwe vanhu.
Kusvika padanho iri, rondedzero dzezvirango dzakagadzirwa panoratidzwa vanhu kana masangano ayo (zvichida) ane chekuita nehugandanga. Pasi pemutemo weSanctions Act, masangano ezvemari anofanirwa kutora matanho ekutonga nekudzora kuona kuti atevedza mitemo yezvirango, kana akatadza kuita zvehupfumi. Zvakare mune iyi kesi, chirango chekuwedzera kana faindi yekutonga inogona kupihwa.
Mufungo unozoitika?
Mishumo yepasirese yakaratidza kuti Netherlands iri kuita zvakanaka mukurwisa hugandanga nekubira mari. Saka, izvi zvinorevei maererano nezvirango zvakatemerwa kana ukasatevedzera? Kusvika parizvino, magweta mazhinji akakwanisa kujekesa uye zvirango zvaive zvakanyanya kuumbwa seyambiro kana (zvine mamiriro) kumiswa. Izvi zvavewo zvakadaro kune vazhinji vanyori nemaakaunti. Zvisinei, haasi munhu wose ane rombo rakanaka kusvika zvino. Kusanyoresa uye kuona kuzivikanwa kweUBO kwakatoita kuti kambani imwe igamuchire faindi ye1,500.
Mutero wemutero akagamuchira faindi ye € 20,000, iyo huwandu hwe10,000 € hwaive nemamiriro ezvinhu, nekuda kwekutadza kuzivisa chiitiko chisina kujairika. Zvakatoitika kuti gweta negweta vabviswa pahofisi yavo. Zvakadaro, zvirango zvinorema izvi zvinonyanya kukonzerwa nekutyorwa kweWwft nemaune. Zvakadaro, faindi yechokwadi diki, yambiro kana kumiswa hazvireve kuti chirango hachina kurema. Mushure mezvose, zvirango zvinogona kuitwa pachena, zvichigadzira tsika ye "zita uye kunyadzisa", izvo zvisingazove zvakanaka kune bhizinesi.
mhedziso
Iyo Wwft yakaratidza kuve yakakosha asi yakaoma seti yemitemo. Kunyanya kuferefetwa kwevatengi kunotora kumwe kuita, kazhinji kuchikonzera kutarisisa kubva kubhizinesi chairo uye - zvakanyanya kukosha - mutengi, kurasikirwa kwenguva nemari kwete munzvimbo yekupedzisira inoshungurudza vatengi. Kusvika parizvino, zvirango zvakachengetwa zvakadzikira, kunyangwe paine mukana wekuti faindi idzi dzikure zvakanyanya. Kutumidza uye kunyadzisa ndiko, zvakadaro, zvakare chinhu icho chiri chokwadi chinokwanisa kutamba rakakura basa. Zvisineyi, zvinoita sekunge iyo Wwft iri kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvayo, kunyangwe nzira yekuteerera izere nezvipingamupinyi, makomo emapepa, kutyisidzira kutsiva uye kunyevera kupfura.
pakupedzisira
Kana muine mimwe mibvunzo kana zvirevo mushure mekuverenga chinyorwa ichi, inzwa wakasununguka kubata Mr. Ruby van Kersbergen, gweta pa Law & More Via [email inodzivirirwa] kana mr. Tom Meevis, gweta-mutongi pa Law & More Via [email inodzivirirwa] kana kutifonera pa +31 (0)40-3690680.
