Kuferefeta mhosva kweNVWA kunogona kuva nemigumisiro mikuru kumabhizinesi. Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority (NVWA) inozivikanwa nemabhizinesi mazhinji semutongi anoita ongororo, anopa yambiro uye dzimwe nguva anobhadharisa faindi yekutonga. Mufananidzo iwoyo hauna kururama, asi hauna kukwana. NVWA inewo sevhisi yayo yekuferefeta yakakosha, iyo Intelligence and Investigation Service, yakapfupikiswa seNVWA-IOD. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kuongororwa kunotanga sekutarisa kwemaitiro kunogona kukura kuita kuferefeta kwemhosva uye pakupedzisira kunototungamira kukutongwa nePublic Prosecution Service.
Kumakambani ari muchikamu chezvekudya, zvekudya zvemhuka, zvekurima nezvehutano hwemhuka, musiyano uripo pakati pekumanikidzwa kwehutungamiriri nekuferefetwa kwemhosva kwakakosha zvikuru. Masimba nemaitiro hazvingosiyani chete, mhedzisiro yacho uye nzira inodiwa zvinosiyanawo zvakanyanya.
Nzira mbiri dzekumanikidza
NVWA inotarisira kutevedzera, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, Mutemo weCommodities, Mutemo weAnimals, Mutemo weAgriculture, Mutemo weFisheries neMutemo weFeterilisers. Kana paine kupomerwa mhosva yekutyora mutemo, inogona kutora matanho akasiyana-siyana. Kana izvi zvichizotungamira mukuferefetwa kwemhosva kweNVWA zvinoenderana nehunhu uye kuoma kwekutyora mutemo.
Nzira yemutemo wekutonga
Mukati memutemo wekutonga, NVWA inogona, semuenzaniso, kupa yambiro, kuisa faindi yekutonga, kuisa murairo unobhadharwa nechirango, kushandisa mutemo wekutonga, kumisa kana kubvisa rezenisi, kana kudzora kana kugumisa kuzivikanwa kana kunyoreswa. Faindi yekutonga inowanzoiswa mushure mekuongorora uye mushumo wefaindi. Kuramba uye kukwidza nyaya yacho zviripo pamusoro pefaindi yakadaro.
Nzira yemutemo wemhosva
Kana paine kutyorwa kwemutemo kwakakomba kana kwakaomarara, nyaya yacho inogona kuferefetwa pasi pemutemo wemhosva . Izvi zvinogona kutungamira kumushumo wepamutemo, kuferefetwa kwemhosva neNVWA-IOD, gwaro rechirango, chikumbiro chekugadzirisa nyaya, kana kushevedzwa kwedare remhosva nekunzwa nyaya yacho.
Sarudzo yenzira yakati haingosarudzwi chete nemutongi ari kuita ongororo. NVWA inoshanda nemutemo wekupindira uye wekurangwa. Kukosha kwekutyorwa kwemutemo, njodzi kuhutano hweveruzhinji, kuchengetedzeka kwechikafu kana kugara zvakanaka kwemhuka, uye mamiriro ezvinhu enyaya yacho zvese zvine basa rakakosha.
Chinangwa, hutsotsi, maitiro akarongwa uye kudzokorora mhosva zvinogonawo kuva zvikonzero zvekumanikidzwa kwemhosva. Chikanganiso chehutungamiriri chakasiyana chinogona kugadziriswa pasi pemutemo wehutungamiriri. Hutsotsi hwechivakwa hunosanganisira kunyora mazita, kuuraya zvisiri pamutemo, kutyora mitemo yekuchengetedzwa kwemhuka zvakanyanya kana kutengeserana nezvinhu zvinorambidzwa, kune rumwe rutivi, zvinogona kutungamira mukuferefetwa kwemhosva.
Mutemo weMhosva dzezvehupfumi
Kutyorwa kwakawanda kwemitemo inotungamirwa neNVWA kunoonekwa semhosva dzezvehupfumi. Saka, Mutemo weEconomic Offences Act unoumba hukama hwakakosha pakati pemutemo mukuru nekuchengetedzwa kwemitemo yemhosva.
Zvichienderana nemutemo wakakodzera uye kana mufambiro wacho waive nemaune, kutyora mutemo kunogona kuverengerwa semhosva kana kuti mhosva diki. Musiyano uyu unogona kukanganisa masimba ekuferefeta aripo, mutongo ungavapo, mukana wekuvharirwa pamberi pekutongwa, kukodzera kwemufambiro wacho, uye chinzvimbo chevanhu vari mukambani. Muzviitiko zvekubiridzira nemaune, zvakaita sekushandura mavara nemaune kana kunzvenga zvinodiwa zvekuongorora, mhosva yacho inogona kuva yakakomba zvikuru kupfuura kana paine chikanganiso chekutonga.
Pamusoro pemari, zvimwe zvirango nematanho zvinogona kushandawo, zvakaita semutongo wejeri wakamiswa kana usina miganhu, kuvharwa kwebhizinesi, kutorwa kwezvinhu, kurambidzwa kuita basa, uye kuburitswa kwemutongo. Kumakambani, kusanganiswa kwechirango chemari, kuvharwa uye kukuvara kwemukurumbira zvinogona kusvika kure.
NVWA-IOD: kuferefeta mukati meNVWA
NVWA-IOD ibasa rekuferefeta rinoita kuferefeta kwemhosva mukati mebasa reNVWA . Zvichienderana nemutemo nemamiriro ekuferefeta, mapurisa ayo anogona, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, kubvunza vanhu vanofungirwa mhosva nezvapupu, kuongorora zvinyorwa, kuchengetedza data redhijitari, kutora zvinhu nevanotakura data, kutsvaga nzvimbo, uye kusunga vanhu vanofungirwa mhosva. Mukuferefeta kukuru kana kwekunze kwenyika, NVWA-IOD inogona kushanda pamwe chete, pakati pevamwe, nemapurisa, FIOD, Customs nePublic Prosecution Service, kunyanya mukuferefeta kwemhosva dzekunze kwenyika.
Bazi rePublic Prosecution Service rinowanzobatanidzwa munyaya dzakadai kuburikidza neBazi rePublic Prosecutor. Hofisi iyoyo inobata, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, nyaya dzakaoma dzezvakatipoteredza, dzehutsotsi uye dzezvekudya. Bazi rePublic Prosecution Service rinozosarudza kuti nyaya yacho ichatongwa sei, nesarudzo dzinosanganisira kudzingwa basa, gwaro rechirango, chibvumirano, kana kushevedzwa.
Faindi yekutonga uye kupomerwa mhosva: mutemo weUNA
Pamutemo mumwe chete, faindi yekutonga haingofanirwe kungopihwa pamwe nekupomerwa mhosva. Izvi zvinonzi una via rule.
Kushandisa mutemo uyu hakusi nyore nguva dzose. Mukuita, kunofanira kunyatsojekeswa kuti ndeapi maitiro ari kutaurwa, nguva ipi uye chokwadi chiri kutaurwa, kana zvine chekuita nechiitiko chimwe chete, chisarudzo chipi chekumanikidza chakatotorwa, uye kana faindi yekutonga yakatoiswa kana kuti yakangoziviswa. Yambiro, mushumo wekuongorora kana chinangwa chekubhadharisa faindi hazviite kuti pave nemigumisiro yepamutemo yakafanana neyokuisa faindi yekutonga. Saka zvakakosha kunyatsoongorora tsamba dzese dzematare uye magwaro enyaya usati watora chinzvimbo.
Kubva pakuongororwa kusvika pakuferefetwa kwemhosva dzeNVWA
Kuferefeta kwemhosva kwakasiyana zvikuru nekuongorora kwekutonga nguva dzose. Mukuongorora kwekutonga, kunonyanya kusimbiswa pakuona kutyorwa kwemitemo uye kuunganidza ruzivo rwekutonga. Mukuongorora kwemhosva, masimba makuru anogona kushandiswa, akadai sekutsvaga pasina kuziviswa, kuchengetedza ruzivo rwedhijitari, uye kubvunza avo vanobatanidzwa sevanofungidzirwa.
Zviratidzo zvekuti iyi haisisiri yekuongorora kwakajairika zvinosanganisira, semuenzaniso, kuvapo kwemapurisa anoferefeta eNVWA-IOD, kunyeverwa, kubvunzurudzwa semunhu anofungidzirwa, kubatwa kwezvinyorwa, mafoni kana makomputa, kutsvaga, kubatanidzwa kwePublic Prosecution Service, kana mibvunzo ine chekuita kwete nemamiriro ezvinhu aripo chete asiwo kutengeserana kwekutanga kana kuita sarudzo dzemukati.
Kutsanangurwa kwehurukuro kwakakosha panyaya iyi. Muridzi webhizinesi anogona kufunga kuti ari kushanda pamwe chete neongororo, nepo vakuru vakuru vari kutounganidza ruzivo nechinangwa chekupomerwa mhosva.
Kodzero dzevanofungidzirwa kuti vane mhosva
Munhu anofungidzirwa kuti ndiye ane kodzero yekuziva zvaanofungirwa. Panewo kodzero yekunyarara uye kubvunza gweta asati abvunza . Panguva yekubvunzurudzwa, panewo kodzero yekuwana rubatsiro rwemutemo.
Izvi hazvirevi kuti kambani inogona kuramba kushandira pamwe chete. Vatongi vane masimba avo pasi pemutemo wekutonga uye vanogona, pasi pemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, kuda kushandira pamwe chete. Zvisinei, chisungo ichi chekushandira pamwe chine miganhu yacho. Munhu anofungidzirwa haafanire kushandira pamwe chete mukutongwa kwake kwemhosva.
Nekuda kwechikonzero ichi, zvakakosha kubva panguva yekutanga kusiyanisa ruzivo runofanira kupihwa zvichibva pasimba rekutarisira, zvirevo zvinogona kushandiswa sehumbowo hunopesana neruzivo rwemunhu, ruzivo rwekambani, uye zvirevo zvemunhu nevatungamiriri, vashandi kana vatungamiriri vechokwadi. Mashoko asina kufungwa zvakanaka panguva yekukurukurirana kwekutanga anogona kuzove nebasa guru mufaira remhosva.
Vatungamiriri nevane hunyanzvi vari panjodziwo
Kuferefeta kwemhosva hakungotarise kambani chete sesangano repamutemo. Vatungamiriri, mamaneja nevamwe vanhu vari musangano vanogonawo kupomerwa mhosva pachavo . Izvi zvinogona kuitika, semuenzaniso, kana mumwe munhu akarayira kutyorwa kwemutemo, achiziva kuti kutyorwa kwemutemo kuitike, akatungamira zvinobudirira maitiro akarambidzwa, aiziva nezvekutyorwa kwemutemo uye akatadza kupindira, kana kuti akabatsirwa nekutyorwa kwemutemo.
Kana mhosva yemunhu iripo zvinoenderana nebasa remunhu wacho, ruzivo rwake uye kubatanidzwa kwake. Kungoti mumwe munhu ndiye director hazvina kukwana. Panguva imwe chete, daro repamutemo kubva pakushanda kwezuva nezuva harisi nguva dzose rinodzivirira kana mumwe munhu aine simba pakushanda kwebhizinesi.
Mienzaniso yekushandiswa kwemutemo wemhosva
Muzviitiko zvakasiyana-siyana zvave pachena kuti NVWA nePublic Prosecution Service vanotora matanho emhosva ane chekuita, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, hutsotsi hunosanganisira kunyora mazita uye kwakabva, kuuraya zvisiri pamutemo, zvinhu zvinorambidzwa mukurima zvipfuyo, hutsotsi hwendove, kutengeserana nemishonga yemhuka inorambidzwa kana yenhema, kutyorwa kwemitemo yakakomba yekuchengetedza mhuka, uye kutyorwa kwemitemo panguva yekutakura mhuka.
Mienzaniso iyi inoratidza kuti kumanikidzwa kwemhosva hakungogumiri mumamiriro ezvinhu asina kujairika. Kunyanya kana paine chinangwa, purofiti yemari, kudzokorora, kushandira pamwe kwakarongwa, kana njodzi kuhutano hweveruzhinji nekugara zvakanaka kwemhuka, mukana wekuferefetwa kwemhosva unowedzera.
Zvekuita panguva yekuongorora kana kurwiswa kweNVWA
Kugadzirira kwakanaka kunotanga nekuziva rudzi rwekuferefeta.
Panguva yekuongororwa nguva dzose
Paunenge uchiongorora nguva dzose, zvinokurudzirwa kuziva mutariri, kubvunza nezvechinangwa uye chinangwa chekuongorora, kuita kuti magwaro akakodzera awanikwe, kupindura chokwadi uye nokungwarira, kudzivisa zvirevo zvekufungidzira, uye kuchengeta zvinyorwa zvemukati zvekuongorora.
Kana paine zviratidzo zvekuferefetwa kwemhosva
Kana paine kurwiswa kana kuferefetwa kwemhosva, zvakakoshawo kuti gweta renyanzvi rikurumidze kubvunza, kunyora kuti ndevapi vanhu nemabasa aripo, kutarisa huwandu hwekutsvaga kana kurongeka, kudzivirira kuparadza kana kushandura chero magwaro kana data redhijitari, kuraira vashandi kuti vasataure zvinhu zvine musoro vasina kubvunzana, kushandisa kodzero yekunyarara kana mumwe munhu achibvunzwa semunhu anofungidzirwa, kuve nechokwadi chekuti zvinhu zvakatorwa nedata zvakanyoreswa nemazvo sezvinobvira, uye kuongorora mafambiro ekutonga nemhosva pamwe chete.
Kushanda pamwe chete nekuferefeta hazvirevi kuti mashoko echokwadi anofanira kutaurwa pasina kutungamirirwa nemutemo. Maawa ekutanga ekuferefeta anogona kuva chinhu chakakosha pakuenderera mberi kwayo.
Kuziva kuferefetwa kwemhosva kweNVWA nekukurumidza
Kuziva kuferefetwa kwemhosva dzeNVWA pakutanga kunokosha. NVWA haisi chete mutariri wekutonga. Kuburikidza neNVWA-IOD, ine chishandiso chepamutemo chepamutemo wemhosva chinogona kuferefeta kutyorwa kwemitemo kwakakomba uye kwakaoma. Dhipatimendi rePublic Prosecution Service rinogona kusarudza murairo wekuranga, kugadzirisa nyaya, kana kupomerwa mhosva pamberi pedare remhosva.
Kumakambani ari muchikamu chezvekudya, zvekudya zvemhuka, zvekurima nezveutano hwemhuka, zvakakosha kuziva panguva yakakodzera kana ongororo yava kuita hunhu hwemhosva. Munhu wese anotsvaga mazano emutemo nekukurumidza panguva iyoyo anogona kusiyanisa zviri nani mitoro yakasiyana-siyana, kodzero nenjodzi.
Law & More inobatsira makambani, vatungamiriri nevatungamiriri chaivo nekuongorora kweNVWA, kutevedzera mitemo yekutonga uye kuferefeta mhosva. Izvi zvinotanga nekuongorora kwekutanga uye zvinogona, kana zvichidikanwa, kuenderera mberi kusvika pakubata nyaya yacho pamberi pedare remhosva.
Mibvunzo inowanzo bvunzwa nezve kuferefetwa kwemhosva dzeNVWA
Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati pekuongorora kwekutonga kweNVWA nekuferefeta kwemhosva?
Kuongorora kwehutungamiriri kunowanzo tarisa pakuona kutyorwa kwemutemo uye kuisa matanho akadai sekuyambira kana faindi yehutungamiriri. Kuferefeta kwemhosva, kunoitwa neNVWA's special investigation service (NVWA-IOD), kunogona kutungamira kumatare edzimhosva nePublic Prosecution Service uye kazhinji kunochengeterwa nyaya dzakakomba, dzakadai sekubiridzira kwechivakwa, kuuraya zvisiri pamutemo kana kutyora mitemo yakakomba yekuchengetedza mhuka.
Ndingabhadhariswa faindi here kana kupomerwa mhosva yekutyora mutemo mumwe chete?
Mutemo weDutch une mutemo wekuti 'una via', unodzivisa munhu kurangwa kaviri nekuda kwechiitiko chimwe chete kuburikidza nefaindi yekutonga uye kupomerwa mhosva. Kushandisa mutemo uyu hakusi nyore nguva dzose, sezvo zvichienderana nemaitiro chaiwo, nguva uye chokwadi chiri kutaurwa, uye kana faindi yakatongerwa kana kuti yakangoziviswa chete.
Mutungamiriri wekambani anogona kupomerwa mhosva yekutyora mutemo weNVWA here?
Ehe, izvi zvinogoneka kana director akarayira kutyorwa kwemutemo, akabvumira nemaune kuti zviitike, akatungamira maitiro akarambidzwa, kana kuti aiziva nezvazvo ndokukundikana kupindira. Kungova nechigaro chemutungamiriri chete hazvina kukwana, uye ongororo inoenderana nebasa chairo remunhu iyeye, ruzivo rwake uye kubatanidzwa kwake.
Ndingaitei kana kuongororwa kweNVWA kukagona kuita nyaya yemhosva?
Zvinokurudzirwa kubata gweta redziviriro yemhosva nekukasika uye kunyatsoongorora tsamba dzese dzenyaya usati wapindura, sezvo ongororo yekutanga ichigona kukosha pakusarudza nzira chaiyo.
Ko NVWA yakamboongorora bhizinesi rako here, wakagamuchira mushumo wemari here kana mushumo wepamutemo, kana kuti pane zviratidzo here zvinoratidza kuti NVWA-IOD iri kuferefeta? Chikwata chemutemo wezvemhosva pa Law & More anogona kuongorora nzvimbo yacho munzira mbiri uye kupa mazano ekuti angapindura sei.
