Mutemo weVvE nekodzero dzemafurati ekuDutch: gwara revaridzi mu Eindhoven uye Amsterdam

Kana wakatenga imba muNetherlands, hauna kutenga chivako. Wakatenga imba yekuchengetera zvinhu , uye pamwe chete nekuva nhengo yeVereniging van Eigenaars (VvE), sangano revaridzi veimba iyi. Kuva nhengo kunosungirwa, kunosarudza zvakawanda nezveimba yako, uye haugone kubva ipapo.

Imba chaiyo chii chaizvo?

Mutemo weDutch hautore furati senzvimbo yakasiyana. Kodzero yega yega yefurati chikamu chepfuma iri muchikamu, iine kodzero yega yekushandisa zvikamu zvechivako zvakarongwa kuti zvishandiswe senzvimbo yega yega (art. 5:106 BW). Mugove uyu unogona zvakare kufukidza kushandiswa kwevhu chete, senge bindu kana nzvimbo yekupaka mota.

Saka kurudyi kune zvikamu zviviri. Chimwe ndechemuridzi: munoshanda pamwe chete muchivako chose — denga, nheyo, façade, masitepisi, lift — muchikamu chakatarwa mugwaro remutemo. Chimwe ndechekushandisa: imi mega munogona kushandisa furati riri kuseri kwemusuwo wenyu wepamberi. Izvi zvinotsanangura zvakawanda zvinotevera: sarudzo pamusoro pechivako dzinoitwa pamwe chete, hamugone kukumbira kuti nharaunda ipatsanurwe, uye hamugone kusiya basa muchichengeta furati.

Chinyorwa chedhizaini uye dhizaini yedhizaini

Chikamu ichi chinoitwa negwaro rekunyora, iro rinonzi akte van splitsing , rakanyoreswa mumarejista eruzhinji anochengetwa neLand Registry. Chinofanira kuperekedzwa nedhizaini yechikamu, iyo splitsingstekening (art. 5:109 BW), uye chinofanira kunge chine runyorwa rwakagadzika rwezvinhu, kusanganisira tsananguro yechikamu chimwe nechimwe chakavanzika uye mitemo yesangano (art. 5:111 BW).

Pamwe chete magwaro aya anotara muganhu pakati pezvikamu zvakavanzika nezvinowanikwa - nzvimbo inonyanya kukonzera gakava reVvE, nekuti ndiyo inosarudza kuti ndiani anobhadhara. Kana furemu yehwindo inodonhedza mvura yakajairika, sangano rinobhadhara; kana rakavanzika, iwe unobhadhara.

Zvinotsanangurwa nenzira yakatwasuka: nekuti vatengi nevakweretesi vanofanira kuvimba nemarejista, chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti magwaro acho anounzwa sei kumuverengi wekunze, kwete kuti mapato ekutanga aifungei. Kana chibvumirano nedhirowa zvichipesana, hapana chimwe chinongoerekana chabudirira; dare rinosarudza kuti ndechipi chine simba guru, richitarisa huwandu hwetsananguro uye kuti mhedzisiro yacho ine musoro sei (Hoge Raad 1 Mbudzi 2013, ECLI:NL:HR:2013:1078).

Kwanowanzo svika muganhu (chibvumirano chako chinogara chichitonga)

Mitemo yemuenzaniso uye zvizvarwa zvavo

Chibvumirano chinofanira kunge chine mitemo inobatanidza zvikwereti nemari inowira varidzi pamwe chete, maakaundi egore negore nemipiro, kushandiswa, manejimendi uye kugadziriswa kwezvikamu zvakajairika, inishuwarenzi, uye bumbiro resangano (art. 5:112 BW). Pane kunyora izvi, chibvumirano chinozivisa seti yakajairwa - modelreglement - inoshanda uye chinonyora kutsauka.

Zvizvarwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvinotenderera: 1973, 1983, 1992, 2006, 2017 uye modhi ya2021 yemasangano madiki, pamwe nemamodhi edzimba dzekushandira nezvikamu zvidiki. Izvo zvinoshanda zvinopindurwa nekuverenga gwaro rako, uye zvine basa: mamodhi ekare anoisa quorum, mamodhi a2006 na2017 akarega kuita sarudzo dzeruzhinji, uye modhi ya2017 yatove nekutarisa nzvimbo dzekuchaja.

Pasi pemitemo iyi pane mitemo yemumba, huishoudelijk reglement , yakagamuchirwa nemusangano. Iyi inozadza ruzivo rwezuva nezuva asi haigone kupesana nemutemo kana gwaro; chikamu chakadaro hachina basa.

VvE semunhu wepamutemo, uye nei usingakwanise kusiya basa

Sangano iri rinotanga kushanda nechikamu ichi. Imunhu wepamutemo ane pfuma yake, account yebhangi nezvikwereti, zvakanyoreswa kuChamber of Commerce. Basa rayo nderekutarisira nharaunda, kunze kwezvikamu zvakagadzirirwa kushandiswa zvakasiyana, uye kuchengetedza mari yekuchengetedza (art. 5:126 BW). Inogona kumiririra varidzi mukati nekunze kwedare uye kusimbisa zvikwereti zvevaridzi mumwe nemumwe.

Kuva nhengo kunotevera imba yega yega: haubatanidzi, haugone kupa chiziviso, uye pakutengesa kunopfuudzwa kumutengi wako. Musangano rakasanganiswa, apo kambani kana mudyari wemari ane chikamu chebhuroko, nhengo imwe chete inogona kuva nemugove mukuru wemavhoti.

Musangano mukuru, mavhoti nenhamba yevanhu vanopinda musangano

Musangano mukuru wevaridzi ndiwo nhengo yepamusoro. Musangano wacho nekuita sarudzo dzawo zvinotongwa nechikamu. 5:124 kusvika 5:135 BW. Unofanira kusangana kanenge kamwe chete pagore kuti pave neakaunzi, bhajeti uye mipiro, uye unokokerwa nebhodhi kana sachigaro, kana paine chikumbiro chevaridzi (chikamu. 5:127 BW).

Kuvhota hakusi vhoti imwe chete, vhoti imwe chete kunze kwekunge gwaro remutemo rataura kudaro. Magove akaenzana kunze kwekunge gwaro remutemo raisa chiyero chakasiyana, uye kana rikadaro, gwaro remutemo rinofanira kutaura hwaro hwaro (art. 5:113 BW). Chikamu ichocho, breukdeel , chinoita kuti mavhoti ako nemugove wako wemari ishandiswe.

Zvisarudzo zvakawanda zvinoda ruzhinji rwemavhoti akakandwa. Mitemo yekare inosanganisira quorum: kana mavhoti ari pasi pehafu akamiririrwa, hapana chinoshanda chinogona kusarudzwa uye musangano wechipiri unofanirwa kuitirwa, apo chikumbiro chimwe chete chinogona kuitwa asi varidzi vashoma vanopinda, dzimwe nguva neruzhinji rwakawanda. Zvisarudzo zviri kunze kwemusangano zvinoda kubvumirana; kugadzirisa gwaro remutemo kunowanzoda ruzhinji rwemavhoti mana muzvishanu, gwaro remutemo rekusimbisa uye kushandira pamwe kwevakweretesi (art. 5:139 BW).

Mutemo wemusangano wepachivande wevanhu vepamutemo wedhijitari wakagamuchirwa neDare reVamiriri musi wa16 Zvita 2025 uye wakapasisa Seneti pasina hurukuro musi wa2 Chikumi 2026, uye wakaburitswa seStaatsblad 2026, 161. Hausati wave kushanda; zuva racho richatarwa nemutemo wehumambo mugore ra2026. Kubva ipapo musangano wepachivande wedhijitari kana wehybrid unogoneka pasina mvumo yekutanga mugwaro rekupatsanurana.

Bhodhi nemutariri

Sangano rine bhodhi, rinogadzwa uye rinodzingwa nemusangano mukuru (art. 5:131 BW). Mubhuroko diki rinowanzova nemuridzi mumwe kana vaviri vari kushanda panguva yavo yekuzorora. Bhodhi rinoita zvisarudzo; hariisi mutemo.

Masangano makuru anoshandisawo maneja ane hunyanzvi, VvE-beheerder . Mutungamiriri inyanzvi, kwete nhengo: anochengeta mabhuku, anounganidza mipiro, anoronga inishuwarenzi nekugadzirisa uye anogadzirira misangano, nesimba rinopihwa nemusangano nechibvumirano chemanejimendi chete. Kana basa risina kunaka, mhinduro iri muchibvumirano - maneja anopindura kusangano, kwete kwauri.

Mari yekuchengetedza, hurongwa hwekuchengetedza uye mari yebasa

Sangano rega rega rinofanira kuchengetedza mari yekuchengetedza kunze kwemari yenguva dzose yegore negore (art. 5:126 BW). Sezvo Mutemo uchivandudza mashandiro emasangano evaridzi — Wet verbetering functioneren VvE — mutero iwoyo une simba. Kune zvivakwa zvese kana chikamu chekushandiswa kwedzimba, mupiro wegore negore kunzvimbo yekuchengetedza unofanira kunge uri mari inotevera kubva muhurongwa hwekuchengetedza hwemakore akawanda kana, zvikasadaro, 0.5 muzana yemari yekuvakazve inotorwa kubva kuinishuwarenzi yezvivakwa. Inofanira kugara muakaundi yakasiyana muzita resangano, kunze kwekunge musangano wasarudza zvakasiyana neruzhinji rukuru kana vimbiso yebhangi yapihwa. Mutemo uyu wakatanga kushanda musi wa1 Ndira 2018, nekuchinja kwemakore matatu kwakaguma musi wa1 Ndira 2021.

Chirongwa chekuchengetedza chemakore akawanda, chinonzi meerjarenonderhoudsplan kana MJOP, chinofanira kufukidza makore gumi zvichikwira, chisapfuure makore mashanu, uye chinoratidza kugadziriswa, kugadziriswa uye kuvandudzwa kwezvivakwa pamwe nemari yazvo. Ndicho chiratidzo chakanakisa chesangano rakanaka. Mutemo uyu wakapawo masangano simba rekubhadhara kunze kwekunge mitemo ichibvisa (art. 5:126 BW), muridzi wega wega achizoonekwa mushure mekurasikirwa nepfuma.

Mipiro inorongwa gore rega rega nemusangano zvichienderana nebhajeti. Chikwereti chinokweretwa kusangano, kwete muripo wekusarudza: muridzi asingabvumirani anofanira kupikisa chisarudzo chacho, kwete kubvisa mari yacho, uye kazhinji mari yacho haiwanikwe. Kusabhadhara kunokwezva mubereko, mari yekutora mari uye kutongwa kwenyaya.

Pakuchinjirwa kwemari, muridzi mutsva anova nemhosva, pamwe chete nemutengesi, yemipiro inokweretwa yegore remari razvino nerapfuura (art. 5:122 BW). Munyoreri anowanzo kumbira bhodhi gwaro remari isati yabhadharwa uye remari yekuchengetedza uye anogadzirisa mari isati yabhadharwa kubva pamutengo wekutenga; kana izvozvo zvikasaitwa, bhiri rinowira pamutengi. Avo vaiva varidzi apo chikwereti chesangano chakamuka vanewo mhosva yacho pamwe chete, mumwe nemumwe muchiyero chebreukdeel yavo (art. 5:113 BW).

Kuchinja: furati rako, zvikamu zvakajairika, pasi uye mabhakoni

Mukati mefurati rako rusununguko rwako rwakakura asi haruna muganho: mitemo inogona kunge iine mitemo yekushandiswa, kutarisirwa uye kugadziriswa kwenhengo dzakavanzika (art. 5:112 BW), uye kazhinji inodaro. Chero chinhu chinobata chivakwa, façade, denga kana kuiswa kwakabatana chinoda sarudzo yemusangano.

• Pasi pakaoma. Pasi pechivakwa panowanikwa vanhu vakawanda; chifukidziro chacho chakavanzika, asi ruzha runosvika kumuvakidzani wako. Mitemo mizhinji kana mitemo yemumba inorambidza chifukidziro chepasi chakasimba pasina mvumo kana kuisa mwero wekudzivirira kupisa kwepasi, kazhinji kacho icon kukosha. Kuisa parquet kana mataira pasina kutarisa inzira yakavimbika yekuenda kudare, uye mhedzisiro inowanzo kuve murairo wekuti zviitwe.
• Mabharukoni, matura edenga uye madziro emadziro. Magirazi emabharukoni, matende, mayuniti emhepo inotonhodza, mabara emadziro uye madhiri anorema zvese zvinokanganisa chikamu chimwe chete, kunyangwe kana iwe uine kodzero yekushandisa chete. Vanoda mvumo yemusangano, kazhinji zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu ane chekuita nechitarisiko kana kugadziriswa mune ramangwana.

Kana mvumo ichidikanwa uye ikarambidzwa zvisina musoro, unogona kukumbira dare redunhu ( kantonrechter ) kuti rikupe mvumo yekutsiva (art. 5:121 BW, inoshandiswa pazvisarudzo zvemusangano neart. 5:129 BW). Dare rinobvunza kana sangano raive nezvikonzero zvine musoro zvekuramba; rinowanzotsigira sangano apo muridzi haana kuripa zvishoma kuti ritonge, saka faira rine mifananidzo uye maonero echivakwa rinovandudza maonero ako.

Kurenda, kugara kwenguva pfupi uye kurenda kwezororo

Kurenda imba ine imba yekugara yakajairika kunowanzo bvumidzwa. Mitemo iyi inowanzo da kuti uzivise sangano remugari uye kuti mugari asainire gwaro rekugamuchira gwaro, mitemo nemitemo yemba, kuitira kuti izvi zvisunge mugari zvakananga.

Kurenda kwenguva pfupi uye kwezororo zvakasiyana. Mitemo nemirairo zvinowanzo ganhurira kushandiswa kwefurati seimba yekugara uye zvinorambidza kushandiswa seimba yevaenzi, imba yekugara kana yekurenda imba. Kugara kwenguva pfupi kunobhadharwa kakawanda kunowanzoonekwa sekushandiswa kwekutengeserana pane kugara ikoko, saka hazvibatanidzwi nechikamu chekushandiswa kwekugara kunyangwe mazororo asina kutaurwa. Mitemo yemuguta inoshanda pamusoro, uye iri kuomesa. Amsterdam Kurenda kwezororo kunoda mvumo nenhamba yekunyoresa, kurenda kwega kwega kunofanirwa kuziviswa kumasipala, uye denga remba ndehusiku makumi matatu pagore; kubva 1 Kubvumbi 2026 izvo zvinoderera kusvika kuhusiku gumi nemashanu munzvimbo gumi nerimwe dzakatarwa muCentrum district nePijp, pasi pemutemo wemutemo unochengetedza imwe danho rekurambidzwa kwenguva pfupi kana husiku gumi nemashanu hukasakwana. Eindhoven, kukwereta makamuri uye kupatsanurwa kweimba zvinoda mvumo yekuronga pasi pechirongwa cheomgevings; mitemo yemutemo iri kushanda kubvira 1 Ndira 2026 kuramba mvumo mukati memamita makumi matatu kubva muimba yepamutemo iripo yakakweretwa kunze kwepakati, sarudza nzvimbo shoma dzepasi payuniti uye pakamuri, uye vhara nzvimbo nhanhatu dzine mazita kuti dzisashandise zvikumbiro zvitsva zvachose. Maitiro ese ari maviri anochinja kazhinji, saka tarisa mutemo wepamutemo wekero pane kuvimba nenhamba. Mvumo yemuguta haipfuure gwaro remutemo.

Mapaneru ezuva, mapombi ekupisa, nzvimbo dzekuputira zvinhu zvinodzivirira kupisa uye nzvimbo dzekuchaja

Zvinenge zvese zvinoyera kuchengetedza zvinhu zvinobata chikamu chakafanana. Mapaneru anogara padenga rakaenzana, pombi yekupisa iri pafaçade yakajairika kana muimba yemiti, insulation iri pamadziro akajairika, uye nzvimbo yekuchaja inoshandisa simba remagetsi rinogovaniswa nechivako. Saka sarudzo ndeyemusangano mukuru, uye ruzhinji runodiwa chero chipi zvacho chinotaurwa nemutemo wemutemo unoshanda wekushandisa mari iyoyo. Mitemo yekare inowanzoda ruzhinji rwakakodzera, dzimwe nguva nequorum, yekushandisa mari iri pamusoro pemuganho kana yemabasa anoverengwa sekuvandudzwa kwete kugadziriswa. Kusvika mutemo wachinja, nzira ndeyekuisa chinhu chacho pachirongwa chakakodzera nechirongwa chakabhadharwa uye chirongwa chemari, uye kutarisa kuti chikwereti chipi pasi pechinyorwa. 5:126 BW uye rubatsiro rwuripo runogona kutakurwa.

Zvinhu zviviri zvinokosha. Bhiri rekukurumidzisa kuchengetedzeka nekuchengetedzwa kwemasangano evaridzi rakaendeswa kuhurukuro neveruzhinji musi wa1 Chikunguru 2026, richienderera mberi kusvika 20 Gunyana 2026; sezvakabvunzurudzwa, raizobvumira sarudzo dzakadaro kuti dziitwe neruzhinji rwemavhoti akakandwa, kuwedzera nguva yehurongwa hwekuchengetedza kubva pamakore gumi kusvika makumi matatu, uye kubvumidza kodzero dzekushandisa nzvimbo dzakadai sema solar panels pasina kugadzirisa gwaro remutemo. Pamwe chete, chirongwa chiri kugadzirirwa apo muridzi anoda nzvimbo yekuchaja aizozivisa sangano pane kukumbira mvumo. Bhiri iri richiri padanho rekubvunzana uye rekugadzirira paramende, saka hapana kana chimwe chazvo chiri mutemo parizvino.

Kupikisa chisarudzo, uye kukumbira dare kuti ripindire

Mutemo weDutch unosiyanisa zvikanganiso zviviri. Chisarudzo chinopesana nemutemo kana gwaro rekupatsanurana hachina maturo: hachina kumbobvira chavapo uye hapana muganho wenguva unoshanda. Chisarudzo chinoitwa chakatyora mutemo wemaitiro, kana chisingagamuchirwi nemitemo yekunzwisisa uye kururamisira, hachishandi: chinomira kusvika dare rachibvisa.

Kuti mutongo ubviswe unofanira kunyorera kudare redunhu mukati memwedzi mumwe chete kubva pazuva rawakanzwa nezvemutongo kana kuti waigona kunge wakanzwa nezvawo (art. 5:130 BW, verenga nemutemo mukuru wezvisarudzo zvemunhu wepamutemo muart. 2:15 BW). Mwedzi iwoyo mupfupi uye unouraya: varidzi vanomirira maminetsi, kana vanotanga kutaurirana nebhodhi, vanogara vachirasikirwa nekodzero yekunyunyuta. Kurambidzwa kwemutemo kunorwisa sarudzo yakaitwa; mvumo yekuchinja inopa imwe yakarambwa.

VvE yakarara uye maitiro ekuimutsa

Masangano mazhinji, kunyanya muzvivako zvidiki zvepamberi pehondo zvakakamurwa kuita dzimba mbiri kana nhatu, aripo papepa asi haaite chinhu: hapana bhodhi, hapana misangano, hapana maakaundi, hapana mari yekuchengetedza, dzimwe nguva hapana inishuwarenzi yezvivakwa zveboka. Izvozvo zvinoreva kuti hazvibvumirwi nemutemo, uye zvinowedzera kuvharira kutengesa nekubhadhara zvikwereti. Kudzoserwa kwemari, muchidimbu:

• Tora gwaro redhisheni uye dhirowa kubva kuLand Registry uye sarudza kuti ndeapi mitemo inoshanda.
• Itai musangano mukuru sezvakanyorwa nemitemo monyora pasi zvawo; kana bhodhi risingaite chimwe chinhu, varidzi vanogona kuuita vega.
• Sarudza bhodhi, uye mutungamiriri kana zvichibatsira, nyoresa kuChamber of Commerce, uye vhura account yebhangi muzita resangano pamwe neaccount yakachengetwa yakasiyana.
• Ronga kana kuti simbisa inishuwarenzi yezvivakwa, tarisa mari yakavigwa ichienzaniswa nemari yekuvakazve, nyora hurongwa hwekugadzirisa uye ronga mipiro zvichienderana nahwo.
• Kana mumwe muridzi wemba akaramba kushandira pamwe, zvisungo izvi zvinogona kusimbiswa nedare.

Zvinofanira kutariswa nemutengi asati asaina

• Chibvumirano chekugovanisa nekutora, uye mitemo yemuenzaniso inoshanda — verenga muganhu wepachivande/wakajairika usati wapa.
• Zvirambidzo zvekushandisa: kushandiswa kwedzimba chete, kurambidzwa kwekurenda dzimba kana kugara kwenguva pfupi, mitemo yezvipfuyo, pasi uye kugadziriswa kwedzimba.
• Mitemo yemumba, uye maminiti emisangano mitatu yekupedzisira - ndiyo nzira inokurumidza yekuona kana sangano richishanda.
• Maakaundi, bhajeti nemari yasara, uye kana mari yasara iri muakaundi yakasiyana.
• MJOP: zuva rayo, nguva yakafukidzwa, uye kana mipiro inoenderana nayo — mupiro wakaderera une mari shoma inochengetedzwa ibhiri rinonongedzwa.
• Chero sarudzo pamabasa makuru kana mutero chaiwo - inosunga iwe mushure mekupedza - uye chero chikwereti chipi zvacho.
• Chirevo chebhodhi pamusoro pemari yasara, uye kusimbiswa kwekuti gweta achaibhadhara kana yapera (art. 5:122 BW).
• Inishuwarenzi yezvivakwa uye kukosha kwekuvakazve, kunyoreswa kuChamber of Commerce, uye, kune chivakwa chakakamurwa, gwaro rechikamu chidiki zvakare.

Kana magwaro asina kuendeswa nenguva, gadzirai mamiriro ekugadzirisa muchibvumirano chekutenga kuitira kuti mugone kubvisa kana faira racho rakaipa kupfuura rakapihwa.