Kana mumwe wako akaziviswa kuti abhuroka panguva yekutongwa kwenyaya, chikumbiro chako chekubhadhara mari chinomiswa nemutemo uye chikumbiro chako chinozosimbiswa kuburikidza nemutariri ari kubhuroka panzvimbo pezvo. Mukumiswa kwekubhadhara kana muchirongwa cheDutch pasi peWHOA, nyaya dzako dzinoenderera mberi; chinokanganiswa ipapo haisi nyaya yacho pachayo asi kugona kwako kuisimbisa.
Muchinyorwa chino muchaverenga kuti mitemo mikuru yepamutemo ndeyei yekumhan'arirana nemuvengi asina mari pasi pemutemo weDutch, ndeapi masisitimu anoshanda uye matanho aunogona kutora.
Mutemo mukuru
Migumisiro yacho inosiyana zvakanyanya zvichienderana nehurongwa uye panguva chaiyo yekutongwa kwedare. Mukubhuroka, kubhuroka uye kubatwa zvakaenzana kwevakweretesi ndizvo zvinotanga, uye mutemo unopindira zvakananga mumatare ari kumirira. Mukumira kwekubhadhara, matare ako anoenderera mberi uye kusimbiswa kwakanyanya ndiko kunoganhurirwa. Mumaitiro eWHOA matare ako anoendererawo mberi, asi nguva yekudzikamisa inogona kumisa kugona kwako kumanikidza kwenguva pfupi.
Saka gara uchitarisa kutanga kuti chii chaizvo chakarairwa, pazuva ripi, uye kana kumiswa kwekubhadhara kana nzira yeWHOA yashanduka kuita kubhuroka. Zuva iroro rinozoshanda sezuva rekutarisa kutanga, kudzivirira kutengeserana uye kubvunza kuti ndeapi mabasa achiri kushanda.
Kubhuroka: mhedzisiro yacho inoenderana nechinzvimbo chako
Mukusashanda kwemari, mutemo unopindira zvakananga mumatare akamirira uye mune ramangwana, asi mhedzisiro chaiyo inosiyana zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu. Mamiriro mashanu anofanira kusiyaniswa; gwara redu rekusashanda kwemari kune vanotanga bhizinesi nevanokweretesa rinotsanangura magumo acho zvakadzama.
Iwe ndiwe unonyorera chikwereti uye unoti muripo. Chinokosha ndechekuti chikumbiro chako chinoda kuti zvinhu zviitwe here. Matanho iwayo anomiswa nekushanda kwemutemo (chikamu 29 cheDutch Bankruptcy Act, Fw). Unoendesa chikumbiro chako kumutariri kuti chisimbiswe. Kana chikumbiro chikakakavadzana panguva yekusimbisa ndipo panoenderera mberi nyaya yacho; bato riri kupokana nechikumbiro rinotora nzvimbo yebato rakabhuroka. Kuunza danho idzva, rakasiyana rechikumbiro ichocho chepfuma hakubvumirwi nemutemo (chikamu 26 Fw). Pakukumbira muripo, nzira inopfuura nemutariri uye nzira yekusimbisa ndiyo yakasarudzwa.
Iwe ndiwe unoti une chikwereti uye unoti chimwe chinhu chisiri muripo. Zvikumbiro zvemutongo wekuzivisa, zvekudzima, zvekuzadzisa zvimwe zvinhu zvisiri muripo, kana zvekudzoserwa kwezvinhu zvako zvinowira kunze kwechikamu 29 Fw. Mitemo iyoyo inoenderera mberi. Semunhu anoti une chikwereti unogona kukumbira kumisa kuitira kuti mutumidze mutariri kuti abatane nemhosva (chikamu 28 Fw). Kana mutariri akasatora nyaya yacho, unogona kuramba uchipikisa munhu akabhuroka, asi mutongo hauzove nemhedzisiro panhaka (chikamu 25(2) Fw).
Munhu akabhuroka ndiye anokwidza nyaya. Pano kubhuroka hakungoitiki otomatiki. Semupomerwi unofanira kukumbira kubhuroka, mushure mezvo unogona kukumbira mutariri kuti atore nyaya yacho (chikamu 27 Fw). Kana mutariri akasapindura, unogona kukumbira kuburitswa munyaya yacho. Kana ukasadaro, nyaya yacho inogona kuenderera mberi nemunhu akabhuroka pasina kukanganisa pfuma. Mutariri anogonawo kutora nyaya yacho ega.
Nyaya yacho yakanga yatogadzirira kutongwa. Kana magwaro acho akanga atoendeswa kudare kuti apihwe sarudzo pamberi pemutemo wekubhuroka, mitemo yekumira haishande uye dare rinongopa mutongo (chikamu 30 Fw). Kana nyaya yacho ikaenderera mberi mushure mezvo, mitemo yezvikamu 27 kusvika 29 Fw inomukazve. Cherechedza musiyano uripo pakati pekuwana mutongo nekukwanisa kuushandisa: mutongo wakadaro unofanirawo kuunzwa mukupedzwa kwenyaya kuburikidza nekusimbiswa kuitira kuti ushandiswe panhaka. Kusimbiswa kwakasiyana panhaka hakugoneki (chikamu 33 Fw).
Watove nemutongo kubva usati wabhuroka. Chitupa chinosungirwa chakawanikwa usati wabhuroka hachichakubatsiri panhaka: magumo ekumanikidzwa kwenhaka uye zvibatanidzwa zvinopera (chikamu 33 Fw). Chitupa chinoramba chichibatsira kutsigira kusimbiswa kwako uye kune vechitatu, vakaita semuvimbisi kana mumwe munhu ane chikwereti pamwe chete.
Kuongororwa, kudzorerwa kweimba uye saizi yeimba
Pamhosva dzinoremedza nhaka, kuunza nyaya itsva kukambani yakabhuroka hakubvumidzwe nemutemo (chikamu 26 Fw). Unotumira chikumbiro chako, pamwe nemagwaro anotsigira, kumutariri (chikamu 110 Fw). Kana mutariri kana mumwe wako anokweretesa akaramba achipikisa chikumbiro chacho, mutongi anotarisira anotanga aedza kugadzirisa nyaya yacho uye ozotumira mapato acho kunzira yekubvisa chikwereti kuti vasarudze pamusoro pezvakakodzera (chikamu 122 Fw). Kana nyaya dzako dzanga dzatovepo uye dzichiri pasi pechikamu 29 Fw, hapana chimwe chinhu chitsva chinodiwa: nyaya idzodzo dzinoenderera mberi munyika yavakanga vari.
Zvisinei, chisarudzo pamusoro pezvakakodzera hachivimbiswi mukupedzwa kwese kwemari. Renvoi inofungidzira musangano wekusimbisa, uye musangano iwoyo unoitika chete kana paine zvinhu zvakakwana munhaka. Kana zviri pachena pachine nguva kuti vanokweretesa vasina kuchengetedzwa havazogamuchire chinhu, kupedzwa kwemari kuri nyore kunotevera pasina musangano wekusimbisa (chikamu 137a Fw), uye hapana chisarudzo pamusoro pezvakakodzera zvechikumbiro chako chinoitwa.
Yera izvozvo pachine nguva. Kana imba isina chinhu kana kuti inenge isina chinhu, unogona kubhadhariswa mari yekubvisa imba pasina kugoverwa kana chero sarudzo pamusoro pezvakakodzera. Bvunza mutariri wepfuma nezvehukuru hweimba usati watanga kubvisa imba, uye funga nezvehuwandu hwezvinhu zvinotarisirwa kugoverwa musarudzo yako kana uchida kuramba uchitenga imba.
Nguva dzekudzikisira uye dzekurasikirwa nepfuma dzinosangana nekumanikidzwa nekuda kwekubhuroka dzinowedzerwa pazvinenge zvichidikanwa (chikamu 36 Fw).
Kumiswa kwekubhadhara: mhedzisiro shoma panyaya iyi, kuwedzera pakutevedzwa kwemutemo
Kumiswa kwemari yekubhadhara inzira yekubatsira kugadzirisa nyaya. Pane imwe nzira inoshanda pamatare edzimhosva ari kumirira uye matsva pane ekubhuroka, asi izvi hazvirevi kuti kumiswa kwemari hakuzombokanganisirwi.
Zvisingaitike: kumiswa kwemari yekubhadhara hakugari kwenguva refu uye hakudzivisi kuti itsva dzisaunzwe (chikamu 231(1) Fw). Saka unogona kuramba uchienderera mberi wowana mutongo. Kana paine chikumbiro chekubhadhara chikwereti chakabvumwa neanokwereta, kana usina kufarira mutongo wekukumbira kodzero kune vechitatu, dare rinogona kumisa mutongo waro kusvika mushure mekunge kumiswa kwapera (chikamu 231(2) Fw).
Chii chinoitika, nenzira shanu. Kusimbiswa kwemutemo kwakavharwa: munhu ane chikwereti haakwanise kumanikidzwa kubhadhara, kusimbiswa kwemutemo kwatotanga kunoramba kuripo uye zvisungo zvinopera (zvikamu 230(1) uye (2) Fw), musimboti wezvikumbiro zvisina kuchengetedzeka (zvikamu 232 na233 Fw). Vakweretesi vepamusoro nevakweretesi vane kodzero yekuvimbisa kana mortgage musimboti vanoramba vari kunze kweblock iyoyo. Kana dare rikaraira nguva yekudzikamisa, chinzvimbo ichocho chinogona kuganhurirwa kwechinguva (chikamu 241a Fw). Kana paine kunyorwa kwemutemo, unoendesa chikumbiro chako kumutungamiriri (chikamu 257 Fw) uye chinoiswa pane runyorwa rwevanokweretesa (chikamu 259 Fw); chikumbiro chinogonawo kukakavadzana pamusangano (chikamu 266 Fw), mushure mezvo mutongi wekutarisira, kana zvikasadaro dare, rinosarudza kana uye kuti marii yaunobvumidzwa kuvhota (chikamu 267 Fw). Uye kana kugadziriswa kwacho kukakundikana, kumiswa kwemutemo kunogona kushanduka kuita kubhuroka, uye kana chikumbiro chako chikapinda muhurongwa hwekubhuroka zvizere, kusanganisira kusimbiswa uye kudzorerwa kwemari, kunyangwe kana wakatobvumidzwa kuvhota.
Chengeta musiyano mumwe chete wakajeka: kubvumidzwa kuvhota pachikamu chenyaya hakusi kufanana nesarudzo yekupedzisira yechikumbiro chako. Kusiyana nekubhuroka, kumiswa kwemari yekubhadhara hakuna nzira yekusimbisa kana yekudzosera mari, saka chikumbiro chako hachisati chasimbiswa mukati mekumiswa kwacho.
Saka kuramba uchienderera mberi nedare panguva yekumiswa kwemhosva hakubhadharwi, asi zvinogona kubatsira: unochengetedza humbowo hwako huripo, unowana gwaro raunogona kushandisa kune vanovimbisa mhosva nevane chikwereti pamwe chete, uye uri munzvimbo yakasimba kana kumiswa kwemhosva kukaguma kana kushanduka kuita kubhuroka.
WHOA: chinzvimbo chako chinoda kuongororwa kwakasimba
Zvinowedzera kuti, zvinotevera hazvisi zvekumisa kubhadhara asi maitiro echirongwa pasi peWHOA , iyo Dutch Act on Court Confirmation of Extrajudicial Restructuring Plans (zvikamu 369 et seq. Fw). Mitemo yenyu inoenderera mberi, asi dare rinogona kuraira nguva yekudzikamisa. Munguva iyoyo munogona kungomanikidza midziyo nemvumo yedare, zvisungo zvinogona kubviswa, uye kubata kwezvikumbiro zvekubhuroka nekumiswa kwemari kunomiswa (chikamu 376 Fw).
Semunhu anokweretesa hazvina kukwana kumirira kuti uone kana, uye kuti ndeipi, chirongwa chinopihwa. Ongorora chimiro chekirasi: chikumbiro chako chinoiswa mukirasi ipi, uye chinzvimbo ichocho chinogoneka here tichifunga nezverudzi uye chinzvimbo chechikumbiro chako? Ongorora ruzivo rwakapihwa: wakagamuchira zvaunoda here kuti uongorore chirongwa, kusanganisira kuongororwa uye kuenzanisa nemamiriro ekubhuroka? Ongorora maitiro ekuvhota: chikumbiro chako chakabatanidzwa nemazvo muvhoti here uye mhedzisiro iri mukirasi yako yakasarudzwa nemazvo here? Uye ongorora kusimbiswa: chirongwa ichi chinosangana nezvinodiwa zvemutemo here, kusanganisira mitemo yekugoverwa kwemutengo pakati pemakirasi?
Kana wakasungwa nechirongwa chakasimbiswa zvinoenderana nekuti chikumbiro chako chinowanikwa here kana kuti sei uye kuti ndecherudzi rupi. Kana chirongwa chacho chikasimbiswa uye chikumbiro chako chikawanikwa mukirasi yakakodzera, unosungwa nacho kunyangwe wakavhotera kuti uchipikisa.
Kuramba kusimbiswa kunofanira kutaurwa nenguva uye mukati mehurongwa hwemitemo; mhedzisiro yekupotsa nguva inoenderana nerudzi rwekuramba uye padanho rekuita. Saka usamirira kusvika nguva pfupi nyaya isati yatanga: ongorora chikumbiro nekukurumidza kana chavapo uye sarudza kuti kuramba kwako kunofanira kuunzwa panguva ipi uye nenzira ipi.
Zvisizvo zvakakosha uye zvinhu zvidiki: nzira dziri pedyo nenzvimbo
Kana kumhan'arira munhu asina mari yako pasina chakunobatsira, kana kuti kana uchida kutsvaga dzimwe nzira dziri pedyo nepfuma, nyaya dzinotevera dzinokosha.
Kusimuka
Kana uine chikwereti kune mumwe wako, kubhadhara chikwereti kunogona kuva nzira inokosha yekudzoserwa mari, nekuti hazvibvi pakugoverwa kwenhaka. Kubhadhara chikwereti kunotenderwa kana chikumbiro nechikwereti zvikaitika pamberi pemutemo wekubhuroka, kana zvichibva pazviito zvakaitwa nechikwata chakabhuroka nguva iyoyo isati yasvika (chikamu 53 Fw).
Kana kubhadhariswa kwechikwereti kuchikwanisika uye kuchikwezva zvinoenderana nezvimwe zvinhu nekuti chikumbiro nechikwereti zvakatanga riini, pahukama hwepamutemo pakati pemapato, pane chero chibvumirano kana kupihwa kwechikwereti kune wechitatu, pakuvimbika kwakanaka kana chikumbiro kana chikwereti chikaendeswa, kubhadhariswa kwechikwereti kusina kunaka (chikamu 54 Fw), uye pamamiriro ezvinhu echibvumirano uye echokwadi. Usambomira kubhadhara pasina chikonzero chakakodzera, asi ronga mamiriro ako ekubhadhara nekukasika wobva waongorora.
Kodzero dzekuchengetedza uye zvikumbiro zvevaridzi
Hazvisi zvese zvinopa maonero akafanana; mhedzisiro yemutemo inosiyana zvichienderana nerudzi rwechibatiso.
Kuchengetwa kwekodzero yekutenga: chero bedzi mutengo wekutenga usati wabhadharwa zvizere, zvinhu zvinoramba zviri zvako uye unogona kuzvitora zvakare, chero bedzi uchikwanisa kuratidza izvi uye zvinhu zvichiri kuzivikanwa.
Kodzero yekudzoreredza zvinhu: pasi pemitemo yepamutemo unogona kudzoreredza zvinhu zvakaunzwa asi zvisina kubhadharwa (zvikamu 7:39 nezvimwe zvinotevera zveDutch Civil Code). Kodzero iyi ine nguva pfupi uye zvikonzero zvayo zvekumira uye saka inofanira kushandiswa munguva yakakodzera.
Kodzero yekuchengetwa: izvi zvinokupa kodzero yekumisa kutumirwa kwezvinhu kusvika zvabhadharwa, asi hazvikupi muridzi uye, kusiyana nechibvumirano kana chikwereti chemba, hazvikupi otomatiki chinzvimbo chekuparadzanisa mukugoverwa kwepfuma.
Chitsidzo nechikwereti chemba: vane chitsidzo kana chikwereti chemba vanogona kusimbisa sevanoparadzanisa, kunze kwemaitiro enguva dzose ekusimbisa (chikamu 57 Fw).
Munguva yekudzikamisa bhizinesi haugone kushandisa kodzero idzi usina mvumo, asi chiyero uye nguva yekurambidzwa ikoko zvinosiyana zvichienderana nehurongwa: chikamu 63a Fw mu kubhuroka, chikamu 241a Fw mukumiswa kwekubhadhara uye chikamu 376 Fw muWHOA. Saka tarisa, zvichienderana nekodzero yekuchengetedza uye zvichienderana nehurongwa, kana uchigona kuita uye sei.
Zvibvumirano zviri kuenderera mberi
Kana muine chibvumirano chinoenderera mberi nemumwe wako, mutariri haasungirwi kuzviita otomatiki. Munogona kupa mutariri nguva yakakodzera yekuzivisa chinzvimbo chake (chikamu 37 Fw), asi kuisa nguva iyoyo hakuiti kuti zviitike otomatiki: mutariri anogona kuramba kusimbisa chibvumirano, kana kutaura kuti haadi kana kuti haakwanise kupa chengetedzo yekushanda.
Siyanisa pakati pekuita kwawakatoita, uko kunowanzo wanikwa pasi pekusimbiswa kwakajairika sekukumbira kusina chibatiso kunze kwekunge paine chinhu chakakosha chinoshanda; kuita kweramangwana, uko mutariri anosarudza kana chibvumirano chichienderera mberi; zvichemo zvenhaka, zvichireva zvisungo zvakamuka mushure mekuraira kwekubhuroka pachikumbiro chemutariri uye izvo zvinowanzo bhadharwa nenhaka; uye kukuvara kwekusaita kana kugumiswa, kurongwa kwacho kunoenderana nekukuvara uye kuti chikumbiro chakaitika riini. Saka chikumbiro chekukuvadzwa hachisi chinhu chenguva dzose chisina chibatiso mune zvese zviitiko.
Mapato echitatu
Kambani inobereka, mutsigiri, mukweretesi pamwe chete uye mumwe nemumwe ane mutoro, garandi yebhangi kana kambani yeinishuwarenzi yechikwereti iri kunze kwemutemo wekubhuroka, kumiswa kwekubhadhara kana maitiro eWHOA. Panyaya iyi unogona kungomhan'arira kana kuramba uchimhan'arira, zvisinei nezvinoitika kune chikumbiro chikuru chinopikisana newaunoshanda naye.
Mutoro wevatungamiriri
Mutoro wevatungamiriri hausi mugumisiro wekubhuroka kana wechikwereti chisina kubhadharwa. Munhu anokweretesa haagone kupa mutungamiriri mhosva nekuti kambani yabhuroka. Chinodiwa chiito chisina kururama chakasiyana chinoitwa nemutungamiriri kune uyo anokweretesa, nekusimbisa zvakakwana mwero unoshanda (chikamu 6:162 cheDutch Civil Code). Izvozvo zvingave zvakadaro, semuenzaniso, apo mutungamiriri akapinda muzvisungo achiziva kana kuti achifanira kuziva kuti kambani yaisazokwanisa kuzviita uye yaisazopa rubatsiro, kana kuti akakanganisa kubhadhara kuburikidza nekubhadhara kwakasarudzwa.
Siyanisa izvi nechikumbiro chekutarisirwa zvisina kunaka (chikamu 2:248 cheDutch Civil Code). Chibvumirano ichocho chine chekuita nemhosva yepfuma uye hachingopi munhu anokweretesa chikwereti; chikumbiro chepfuma ndechemutongi chete, pamwe chete nechiito chekudzivirira kubhuroka. Pamwe chete uye pasina muripo, iwe semunhu anokweretesa chikwereti chako pachako semhosva, chero bedzi uchikwanisa kutsigira mwero wakasiyana wechikwereti chacho. Kunze kwekubhuroka, chiito chekudzivirira chechikamu 3:45 cheDutch Civil Code chinowanikwa kwauri.
Kuputsika pasina midziyo, iyo Dutch turboliquidatie
Kana mumwe wako anyangarika asina kubhuroka kuburikidza nekuparadzwa pasina midziyo (chikamu 2:19(4) cheDutch Civil Code), zvimwe zvisungo zvakashandiswa kubvira 15 Mbudzi 2023 pasi peTemporary Act on Transparency in Turbo Liquidation. Mukati memazuva gumi nemana ekuparadzwa, bhodhi rekutungamira rinofanira kuendesa pepa rekuvhara rekuverenga uye tsananguro yechikonzero chekushaikwa kwemidziyo kurejista yekutengeserana, uye rinofanira kuzivisa vanokweretesa vasina kubhadharwa nekunyora pasina kunonoka kuti magwaro iwayo aiswa (chikamu 2:19b cheDutch Civil Code).
Kana bhodhi rikakundikana kuita izvozvo, semukweretesi munogona kukumbira mutongi wedare reCantonal kuti ape mvumo yekuongorora mabhuku nezvinyorwa zvesangano repamutemo rakaputswa (chikamu 2:24(4) cheDutch Civil Code). Kusatevedzera mitemo kunogonawo kukonzera kuti director wemutemo wehurumende adzingwe (chikamu 2:19c cheDutch Civil Code). Kana magwaro anodiwa asipo, kana kuti kana zvinhu zvikavapo, munogona kuramba muchikumbira kuti bhangi rivhurwe kana kukumbira kuti bhangi rivhurwezve (chikamu 2:23c cheDutch Civil Code).
Chirongwa ichi ndechenguva pfupi. Chakawedzerwa nemutemo wehumambo uye, sezvazviri parizvino, chinopera musi wa15 Mbudzi 2027, paine mukana wekuwedzera nguva kana kutsiviwa nechirongwa chekugara.
Mamiriro ekunze kwemiganhu
Kana mumwe wako aine midziyo kana vane chikwereti mune dzimwe nyika dziri nhengo dzeEU, kana nyaya dzekusabhadhara zvikwereti pachadzo dzakavhurwa mune imwe nyika, kana mubvunzo ukamuka kuti dare ripi rine simba uye mutemo upi unoshanda, hurongwa hwakasiyana hunoshanda. Mukati meEuropean Union, Mutemo weKusabhadhara Zvikwereti, Mutemo (EU) 2015/848, ndiwo unonyanya kukosha. Une mitemo pamusoro pe, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, kuzivikanwa kwenyaya dzekusabhadhara zvikwereti kubva kune dzimwe nyika dziri nhengo, nzvimbo iyo nyaya huru dzinogona kuvhurwa uye kudyidzana nedzimwe nyaya dzechipiri. Mitemo yakasiyana inoshanda kune kodzero dzekuchengetedza dzemumiganhu uye pakusimbiswa kwekutongwa kwematare edzimhosva.
Mitemo ipi inoshanda mumamiriro ako ezvinhu inoenderana nekuti mumwe wako akagadzwa kupi uye kuti midziyo nevakweretesi vanobatanidzwa vari kupi. Izvozvo hazvigoni kuwanikwa kubva muongororo yakajairika uye zvinoda kuongororwa kwakasiyana.
Hutongi hutatu hwakabatana
| Kuonekwa | Kushungurudza | Kumiswa kwekubhadhara | Chirongwa cheWHOA |
|---|---|---|---|
| Matanho ako ari kumirira | Kumbomira nekuda kwekukumbira muripo (s. 29 Fw); ramba uchienderera mberi kune zvimwe zvikumbiro, nesarudzo yekushevedza mutariri (ss. 27 na28 Fw) | Panyaya iyi enderera mberi; chikumbiro chekubhadhara chisina kujeka, chakabvumwa chete chinogona kunonoka (s. 231 Fw) | Panyaya iyi, rambai muchienderera mberi, kunze kwekunge dare raira nguva yekudzikamisa (s. 376 Fw) |
| Kudzoreredza uye kumanikidza | Zvakamira; kumirira kuguma kwekumanikidzwa uye zvibatanidzwa zvinopera (s. 33 Fw) | Kudzoserwa kwemari kwakavharwa nekuda kwezvikumbiro zvisina kuchengetedzeka; kusimbiswa kwacho kwaramba kuripo, zvibatanidzwa zvinopera (s. 230 Fw) | Kudzorerwa kwemhosva chete nemvumo yedare panguva yekudzikamisa (s. 376 Fw) |
| Kusarudzwa kwechikumbiro chako | Kusimbisa uye, kana zvichidikanwa, kudzoserwa kwemari (s. 122 Fw), chero bedzi paine zvinhu zvakakwana; zvikasadaro kupedzisa kuri nyore pasina kusimbisa (s. 137a Fw) | Hapana chisarudzo chekupedzisira; kungobvumidzwa chete pakuvhota pachinyorwa (s. 267 Fw) | Hapana kusimbiswa; kuongororwa kuburikidza nekuumbwa kwekirasi, ruzivo uye kuvhota pachirongwa |
| Kodzero dzekuchengetedza uye vanoparadzanisa | Zvipikirwa nevanokweretesa mari zvinosimbisa kusimbiswa kwekunze (s. 57 Fw); zvinorambidzwa munguva yekudzikamisa (s. 63a Fw) | Hazvina kunyanya kukanganiswa, kunze kwekunge dare raira nguva yekudzikamisa (s. 241a Fw) | Kurovedza muviri kunogona kuganhurirwa panguva yekudzikama (s. 376 Fw) |
| Zvinogona kuitika | Kugoverwa zvichienderana nehukuru, kazhinji kushoma | Kuumbwa, kuguma kwekumiswa, kana kushandurwa kuita kubhuroka nehurongwa hwekubhuroka huchivandudzwa | Kusimbiswa, kusungirwa kirasi yako, kana kuramba chirongwa |
Chirongwa chekuita: vhiki yekutanga mushure mesarudzo
Kana wangonzwa nezvekusakwanisa kubhadhara mari, nyora zvinotevera; zvinokuchengetedza nguva kana uchifanira kusarudza zvinhu mushure mezvo.
Zuva uye rudzi rwechisarudzo, saka kubhuroka, kumiswa kwekubhadhara kana maitiro eWHOA, nenhamba yenyaya kana maitiro.
Kuzivikanwa uye ruzivo rwekuonana kwemutariri, maneja kana nyanzvi yekugadzirisa zvinhu.
Hunhu uye chinzvimbo chechikumbiro chako: chisina kuvimbiswa, chakasarudzwa kana kuti chenhaka.
Nguva dzinotevedzana, mumatare enyu uye mumatare ekusakwanisa kubhadhara zvikwereti, saka nguva dzekutumira, nguva dzekupikisa uye nguva yekunzwa kwekusimbisa.
Zvinobatanidzwa uye matanho ekumanikidza aripo, nemamiriro azvo mushure mesarudzo.
Kodzero dzekuchengetedza, vimbiso uye vane chikwereti pamwe chete vaungagona kuvimba navo.
Mikana yekubhadhara chikwereti chaunacho iwe pachako kune mumwe wako.
Mari inotarisirwa yekuenderera mberi, semuenzaniso yemaitiro ekubhadhara chikwereti kana kuramba kusimbiswa.
Kugoverwa kunotarisirwa kana kukosha kwechirongwa, kana zvichibvira mushure mekubvunza nemutariri kana maneja.
Wobva waendesa chikumbiro chako kumutariri kana maneja nekukasika uye zvizere, pamwe chete nechibvumirano, ma invoice, tsamba dzetsamba uye magwaro enyaya. Ronga kodzero dzekuchengetedza, mikana yekubhadharisa mari uye zvikumbiro zvinoitirwa vanhu vechitatu midziyo isati yatengeswa. Uye chete ipapo sarudza kana kuramba uchimhan'ara nyaya zvine musoro.
Zvikanganiso zvinowanzoitwa mukuita
Kufunga kuti gwaro redare rinozvigadzirisa roga. Kumiswa kana kubviswa kubva mugwaro hakuitiki otomatiki. Unogona kukumbira, asi kwete pasina kuyera: zvinogona kuderedza mari, asi zvinogonawo kukanganisa chinzvimbo chako cheuchapupu, nguva yekumisa kana yekurasikirwa, kana kutaurirana zvido zvako.
Kutanga kubhadharisa imba pasina kubvunza nezvenhaka. Pasina midziyo yakakwana hapana musangano wekusimbisa uye nekudaro hapana sarudzo pamusoro pezvakakodzera, iwe uchiri kubhadhara mari yacho.
Kuvimba nepfungwa yekare. Chitupa chepfuma chisati chasvika pakubhuroka hachiburitse chinhu chinopikisa pfuma; zvisungo zvinopera uye mutemo wenyaya unoguma.
Kuvhiringidza kubvuma kuvhota nekuona kuti chikumbiro chako chagadziriswa sei. Kana muripo ukamiswa, chikumbiro chako hachina kunyatsosimbiswa.
Kumisa kubhadhara pasina chikonzero chakasimba chekuisa mari. Kuisa mari muchikwereti hakusi kwega uye kunofanira kuyedzwa zvichienderana nemamiriro emutemo.
Kufunga kuti mutungamiriri ndiye ane mhosva. Kubhuroka pachako hakuiti kuti vatungamiriri vave nemhosva, uye chikumbiro chekutarisira kusina kunaka ndechemutariri, kwete chako.
Kumirira kusvika nguva pfupi nyaya isati yatanga. Kuramba chirongwa cheWHOA kunoda kugadzirira uye kunofanira kuitwa mukati mehurongwa hwemitemo.
Tarisai muchifunga nezvenguva yakapfuura chete. Pazvinogoneka, shandai pachine nguva muchichengetedza kodzero dzemunhu, vimbiso dzeboka, kodzero dzekuchengetedza uye inishuwarenzi yechikwereti, uye yeukai kuti chikamu chekukundikana kubhadhara chikwereti hachishande otomatiki muhurongwa hweWHOA. Tarisai vane chikwereti chenyu kuburikidza nerejista yekutengeserana uye rejista yepakati yekukundikana kubhadhara chikwereti; mazuva ekutanga mushure mesarudzo anowanzo kuve ekusarudza.
Mibvunzo inowanzobvunzwa
Ndingakwanisa here kumhan'arira kambani iri kubhuroka?
Kwete kune zvichemo zvinoremedza nhaka: izvo zvinorambidzwa nemutemo (chikamu 26 Fw). Unoendesa chikumbiro chako kumutariri. Kurambidzwa ikoko hakushande kune zvichemo zvisingatsvage muripo kubva munhaka, zvakaita sekutonga kwekuzivisa kana kudzoserwa kwezvinhu zvako.
Kutonga kwekambani isati yatanga kubhuroka kuchiri kushanda here?
Hazvina kupesana zvakananga nepfuma: magumo emutemo ari kumirira uye zvisungo zvinopera (chikamu 33 Fw). Mutongo unoramba uchibatsira mukuita kwekusimbisa uye kune vechitatu, vakaita semuvimbisi kana mumwe munhu ane chikwereti pamwe chete.
Chikumbiro changu chakasimbiswa here kana muripo wamiswa?
Kwete. Kumiswa kwekubhadhara hakuna maitiro ekusimbisa kana ekudzosera mari. Unongobvumidzwa chete, mushure mekuongororwa nemutongi wekutarisira kana dare, kuvhoti pane chero chimiro (chikamu 267 Fw).
Ndiri kusungirwa nechirongwa cheWHOA chakasimbiswa here kana ndikavhota ndichichiramba?
Ehe, kana chikumbiro chako chiri mukirasi yakafukidzwa nechirongwa uye chirongwa chakasimbiswa. Saka tarisa pachine nguva kana chikumbiro chako chakabatanidzwa muchirongwa uye sei.
Ndingatanga rwendo here kana iniwo ndine chikwereti chemari?
Pamwe, kana zvese zviri zviviri chikumbiro nechikwereti zvakatanga pamberi pemutemo wekubhuroka kana zvichibva pazviito zvekare nebato rakabhuroka (chikamu 53 Fw) uye pasina kuchinjirwa muchivimbo chakaipa (chikamu 54 Fw). Izvi zvinofanirwa kuongororwa nyaya imwe neimwe.
Magweta ekushaya mari mu Eindhoven uye Amsterdam
Law & More inobatsira vanokweretesa kana mumwe wevanokweretesa akabhuroka, akanyorera kumiswa kwekubhadhara kana kutanga maitiro eWHOA. Mumazuva ekutanga mushure mesarudzo tinoongorora kuti ndeipi nzira inoshanda, zvinorevei kune mafambiro enyu ari kumirira uye kuti ndeapi nzira dzakavhurika pamwe chete nepfuma: kusungwa, kodzero dzekuchengetedza, zvikumbiro kune vechitatu uye, kana zvichibvira, mutoro wevatungamiriri. Magweta edu anoshanda kubva Eindhoven uye Amsterdam uye kubatsira vatengi muNetherlands yese. Sununguka kutibata kuti tiongorore chinzvimbo chako pakutanga.
Sources
Mutemo weDutch Bankruptcy Act (Faillissementswet): zvikamu 25 kusvika 30, 33, 36, 37, 53, 54, 57, 63a, 110, 122, 137a, 230 kusvika 233, 241a, 257, 259, 266, 267, 369 nezvimwewo uye 376.
Dutch Civil Code (Burgerlijk Wetboek): zvikamu 2:19(4), 2:19b, 2:19c, 2:23c, 2:24(4), 2:248, 3:45, 6:162 ne7:39 nezvimwe.
Mutemo weChinguvana weTransparency in Turbo Liquidation, wave kushanda kubvira 15 Mbudzi 2023, wakawedzerwa nemutemo wehumambo kusvika 15 Mbudzi 2027.
Mutemo (EU) 2015/848 wenyaya dzekusabhadhara zvikwereti.
Ongororo yekupedzisira yechokwadi: 18 Nyamavhuvhu 2026. Chinyorwa ichi chine chekuita nekutongwa kwematare edzimhosva eDutch kudare redzimhosva rakatangwa muNetherlands uye chinopa ruzivo rwakawanda, kwete mazano emutemo pane imwe mamiriro ezvinhu. Mitemo nemutemo wenyaya zvinoshanduka nguva nenguva; kana paine chinhu chinoyambuka miganhu, pane imwe nzira inoshanda.
