Mumwe munhu wepedyo newe akafa muNetherlands, kana kuti uri kuronga pfuma yako pano. Unofanira kuziva kuti ndiani ane kodzero yekuwana chii, uye zvekuita nguva yakatarwa isati yasvika. Mutemo wekugarisana weDutch uri muBhuku rechina reCivil Code ( Burgerlijk Wetboek , BW). Unopa murume kana mukadzi ari mupenyu chinzvimbo chakasimba, unopa vana kodzero shoma iyo hapana chaunoda kubvisa, uye unoisa miganho yenguva pfupi kukodzero idzodzo.
Izvi zvinogona kushanda kwauri kunyangwe usiri wekuDutch: muEU yese mutemo unotonga unoshandura pekugara kwemufi parufu, kwete nyika yaanogara. Mitemo yepasi rose ndiyo yekupedzisira.
Ndiani anogara nhaka kana pasina chido: chikamu chemutemo
Pasina gwaro renhaka, Bhuku rechina reBW rinodana vagari venhaka mumapoka: kutanga murume/mukadzi kana mudiwa akanyoreswa pamwe chete nevana; zvikasadaro, vabereki nevanun'una; zvino vanasekuru nasekuru. Kubatana kwakanyoreswa kunoenzaniswa nekuroorana (art. 4:8 BW), asi mumwe munhu anogara pamwe chete asina kuroorana haagari nhaka pasina dhiri, zvisinei nekuti hukama hwacho hwakagara kwenguva yakareba sei uye chero chibvumirano chekugara pamwe chete chinotaura. Vanhu vanogara pamwe chete vanoda kupa mumwe nemumwe wavo dhiri.
Mashandiro anoita hunyanzvi 4:13 BW
Kana mushakabvu akasiya mukadzi kana murume/mukadzi akanyoreswa nevana, mutemo we wettelijke verdeling — chikamu chemutemo — unoshanda otomatiki pasi pechikamu 4:13 BW:
- Mukadzi kana murume asara anowana midziyo yese yepfuma iyi nekushanda kwemutemo — hapana chiito, hapana kupatsanurana, hapana kushandira pamwe kubva kuvana.
- Mudzimai ndiye anova nemhosva yezvikwereti zvese zvenhaka (art. 4:14 BW); sezvo pakati pemurume nemukadzi nevana vari vemurume nemukadzi chete.
- Mwana wese mugari wenhaka, asi anowana chikwereti chemari kumurume kana mukadzi ari mupenyu yakaenzana nekukosha kwemugove wayo. Mwana haave muridzi wemba, maakaundi kana bhizinesi.
Saka, murume kana mukadzi asara anogona kugara mumba memhuri oita bhizinesi racho pasina mvumo yemunhu. Zvikumbiro zvevana hazvibhadharwe muhupenyu hwemumwe murume ; zvinowanzo konzerwa nerufu rwemumwe murume, kubhuroka kana kubvumidzwa kugadziridzwa kwechikwereti chepamutemo, uye dhiri rinogona kuwedzera zvikonzero zvakaita sekuroorazve. Mubereko unoshanda pachikumbiro pasi pechikamu. 4:13 BW pamutengo wemubereko wepamutemo pasi pemapoinzi matanhatu kubva muzana, saka hapana chinowanda nepo mutengo wepamutemo uchiramba uri pasi pe6 muzana, kunze kwekunge dhiri rakaisa mutengo wakasiyana - poindi inokosha pamusoro pechirikadzi kwenguva refu.
Kubvisa chikamu chemutemo
Kugoverwa kwemari kwemutemo hakusi kwemutemo. Pasi pechikamu 4:18 BW, murume kana mukadzi asara anogona kuisiya mukati memwedzi mitatu yekufa , negwaro remutemo rakanyoreswa murejista yepfuma ( boedelregister ). Mhedzisiro yacho inodzokera shure: nhaka inozokamurwa pasi pemitemo yakajairika, mumwe wake nevana vari varidzi pamwe chete. Gwaro remutemo rinofanira kunyoreswa mukati memwedzi mitatu iyoyo. Pamwe chete, chikamu 4:19, chikamu 4:20, chikamu 4:21 uye chikamu 4:22 BW zvinopa vana wilsrechten - kodzero yekuda midziyo inosvika pakukosha kwechikumbiro chavo, kazhinji inotongwa neusufruct - kunyanya apo mubereki asara anoroorazve, izvo zvinoita kuti midziyo yemhuri isabve mubazi remumwe wake mutsva.
Zvinogona kuchinjwa nechido
Chido cheDutch chinofanira kuitwa negwaro rekunyora maWills , kana negwaro repachivande rakachengetwa negweta remutemo wehurumende (art. 4:94 BW). Hapana chido chekunyora maWills chakanyorwa nemaoko; chikamu chakamanikana ndicho chigwaro chiri pasi peArt. 4:97 BW, chinogona kurasa mbatya, zvishongo, zvinhu zvemumba nemabhuku, asi kwete mari, pfuma kana humbowo hwevagari venhaka. Chido chega chega chekunyora maWills chakanyorwa muCentral Register of Wills ( Central Testamentenregister ), iyo inonyora kuti chido chiripo uye kuti chiri kupi, kwete zviri mukati macho.
Rusununguko rwechibvumirano rwakakura. Chibvumirano chenhaka chinogona kugadza vagari venhaka zvakasununguka uye kubvisa nhaka yemunhu wese; kubvisa chikamu chemutemo kana shanduko kana zvikumbiro zvevana zvasvika pakuda; kugadza mutariri wemhuri nemutariri ( bewindvoerder ); kugadzira nhaka dzine miganhu; kusanganisira chikamu chekusabvisa ( uitsluitingsclausule ) kuchengetedza nhaka kunze kwenharaunda yakaganhurirwa yepfuma mukurambana kwemwana; uye kusarudza mutemo.
Chisingagone kuitwa nemutemo ndechekukunda kodzero dziripo: hachikwanise kubvisa chikamu chemwana chakakodzera, kana kodzero dziri pasi apa. Kubviswa kwenhaka kunoshanda zvechokwadi - mwana haasi mugari wenhaka uye haagamuchire chinhu otomatiki - asi hazviiti kuti mwana iyeye aende.
Chikamu chepamutemo chemwana asina nhaka
Ndiani anogona kuzviti ndizvo, uye zvakadini
Pasi peArt. 4:63 BW, legitimarissen ndivo vana vanoshevedzwa kunhaka nemutemo: vana, nevazukuru chete pavanopinda munzvimbo yemubereki akafa asati afa. Mudzimai/murume/mukadzi haana mugove wepamutemo, uye vabereki, vanun'una kana vakaroorana vasina kuroora kana kuroorwa havanawo.
Art. 4:64 BW inoisa hafu yezvaizopiwa nemwana panguva yekusaita nhaka . Kana mumwe wake asara nevana vaviri, mumwe nemumwe wavo aizotora chikamu chimwe muzvitatu panguva yekusaita nhaka, saka chikamu chemwana wega wega chepamutemo chikamu chimwe muzvitanhatu chehwaro hwekuverenga.
Hwaro ihwohwo — hunhu hwepamutemo — hausi kungori hwasara mubhangi. Pasi pechinyorwa 4:65 BW kukosha kwenhaka pakufa, kwakawedzerwa nezvipo zvehupenyu hwese uye kwaderedzwa nezvikwereti zvakatsanangurwa. Zvipo zvakawedzerwa zvakanyorwa muchinyorwa 4:67 BW: zvakazara, zvipo mukati memakore mashanu rufu rusati rwaitika , zvipo kuvana chero nguva yakaitwa, zvipo zvinodzoserwa, uye zvipo zvinoitirwa kukanganisa avo vane kodzero. Zvatogamuchirwa nemwana zvinorambidzwa kodzero (chinyorwa 4:70 uye chinyorwa 4:71 BW). Saka, muiti wenhaka haagoni kukunda chikamu nekupa zvese nguva pfupi asati afa.
Inyaya yekukumbira mari, kwete imba
Vatengi vanobva kumasystems uko kugadzwa nhaka nechisimba kunopa mugove muzvinhu vanowanzo verenga izvi zvisirizvo. Chikamu chepamutemo cheDutch chinoreva mari inopikiswa kune vagari venhaka (art. 4:63 BW), inomanikidzwa kana zvichidikanwa nekuderedza mari yezvipo pasi peart. 4:79 uye art. 4:80 BW. Mwana asina nhaka haagone kukumbira imba yemhuri kana mugove mukambani, kurambidza kutengeswa, kana kuvhota muhurumende. Uye kodzero yacho haingouyi yega: mwana anofanira kuishandisa nesimba.
Nguva yazvinogona kuunganidzwa - uye nguva yekupedzisira yemakore mashanu
Kutaura nezvekodzero uye kubhadharwa zvinhu zvakasiyana. Kazhinji chikumbiro hachishandiswe kusvika mwedzi mitanhatu mushure mekufa, uye chinowanzo misa kushanda kusvika murume kana mukadzi afa (art. 4:81 uye art. 4:82 BW). Mwana anogona kunge aine kodzero asi anomirira kwemakore akawanda.
Nguva yekupedzisira yekudaidza nyaya yacho haikanganwirwi. Pasi pechikamu 4:85 BW, kodzero inodarika kana ikasashandiswa mukati menguva yakatarwa nemunhu ane hanya, uye chero zvodini mukati memakore mashanu ekufa . Kana mugari wenhaka kana mugoveri wenhaka akanyora achitara nguva yakakodzera, nguva pfupi iyoyo inotonga uye inogona kupera makore mashanu asati asvika. Chiziviso chemwedzi mitatu chakasiyana chinoshanda pasi pechikamu 4:72 nechikamu 4:73 BW apo mwana akasiiwa chimwe chinhu uye anofanira kusarudza pakati pekuchitora nekutora chikamu chacho.
Kuwana ruzivo rwekuverenga
Mwana asina nhaka haakwanise kuwana mapepa enhaka yacho otomatiki. Art. 4:78 BW inovhara mukaha iwoyo: a legitimaris uyo asiri mugari wenhaka anogona kukumbira vagari venhaka nemutongi wenhaka kuti vape ruzivo rwese runodiwa kuti vaverenge kodzero, uye anogona kukumbira dare redunhu kuti risimbise zvinhu zviri mudura iri pasi pemhiko. Mumutongo wa21 Kukadzi 2024 Dare reDunhu re Amsterdam (ECLI:NL:RBAMS:2024:1063) vakatsigira izvi vachiti mugari wenhaka aifanira kupa magwaro ebhangi kuitira kuti vatongi vagone kuona kana zvipo zvakapihwa. Kana ruzivo rukasabviswa, murairo wedare une muripo wechirango unowanzoitwa.
Zvimwe zvinodiwa nemutemo
Bhuku rechina BW rine dzimwe kodzero dzekudzivirira, idzo dhiri risingafaniri kusiyiwa nemutemo wenhaka . Dzinonyanya kukosha kana mumwe wevakaroorana naye asina kutarisirwa zvakanaka, uye imwe neimwe ine nguva pfupi.
| Mvumo | chinyorwa | Ndiani anogona kutora | Nguva yakatarwa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kuramba vachigara pamba uye vachishandisa zvinhu zvepamba, zvichienderana nemaitiro akafanana neaimbovapo | hunyanzvi. 4:28 BW | Murume/mukadzi asara kana mukadzi akanyoreswa; pazvibvumirano zvakaenzana munhu anogara nemukadzi | otomatiki; inomhanya kwemwedzi mitanhatu |
| Kushandiswa kwemba nezvinhu zviri mairi, uko izvi zvisingapfuurire kune akapona | hunyanzvi. 4:29 BW | Murume/mukadzi ari mupenyu kana kuti murume/mukadzi akanyoreswa | Chikumbiro mukati memwedzi mitanhatu |
| Kushandiswa zvisina kunaka kwezvimwe zvinhu zvepfuma, zvichienderana nezvinodiwa pakutarisira nekugadzirisa | hunyanzvi. 4:30 BW | Murume/mukadzi ari mupenyu kana kuti murume/mukadzi akanyoreswa | Chikumbiro mukati megore rimwe chete |
| Mari yekuchengetwa, kurerwa, mari yekurarama uye dzidzo | hunyanzvi. 4:35 BW | Vana nevana vekurera vari pasi pemakore makumi maviri nerimwe | Chikumbiro mukati memwedzi mipfumbamwe |
| Muripo unonzwisisika webasa risingabhadharwi mumba kana mubhizinesi remufi | hunyanzvi. 4:36 BW | Vana, vana vekurera nevazukuru | Chikumbiro mukati memwedzi mipfumbamwe |
Aya ndiwo mazuva ekupedzisira ekuita chikumbiro . Kana kodzero yacho ichifanira kusimbiswa, chikumbiro chinoenda kuKantonrechter: mukati memwedzi mitanhatu mushure mekufa kweusufruct yemba nezviri mukati mayo pasi peArt. 4:29 BW, mukati megore reusufruct yakakura pasi peArt. 4:30 BW, uye mukati memwedzi mipfumbamwe yemari yekuchengeta mwana pasi peArt. 4:35 BW uye mari yebasa rakaitwa pasi peArt. 4:36 BW.
Kugamuchira, kugamuchira zvinhu zvisina kubhadharwa, kana kuramba
Mudyi wenhaka ane sarudzo nhatu:
- Kugamuchirwa kwakachena (zuivere aanvaarding): mugari wenhaka anogamuchira zvachose uye anova munhu pachake ane mutoro wezvikwereti zvese zvepfuma, kusanganisira chero zvakawandisa pamusoro pemidziyo, saka nhaka isina kunaka inosvika pakuchengetwa nemubhadharo wemugari wenhaka.
- Kugamuchirwa pasi pekubatsirwa kwezviri muchitoro (mubatsiri aanvaarding): mutoro unogumira pane zviri munhaka, asi unofanira kupedzwa pasi pemitemo yemutemo yekudzima, vanokweretesa kutanga. Chiziviso chinoendeswa kudare redunhu.
- Kudzokorora (verwerpen): mugari wenhaka anoramba nhaka zvachose, nekuzivisa kudare. Izvi ndizvo chisingarapiki, uye mugove wacho unowanzo pfuudzwa kuvazukuru vemugari wenhaka iyeye, avo vanofanira kuzvisarudzira vega.
Musungo ndewekuti kugamuchira kwakachena kunogona kuitika nemaitiro. Pasi pechikamu 4:192 BW mugari wenhaka anozvibata semugari wenhaka anogamuchira zvinhu zvisina magumo anoonekwa seagamuchira zvinhu chete: kubvisa mari mufurati, kutengesa mota, kubhadhara vamwe vanokweretesa kwete vamwe, kana kutora zvinhu zvekuyeuka kumba zvinogona kukosha. Kana mari yekukweretesa isina chokwadi, bata chinhu wotanga wawana mazano . Kune vana vadiki, mumiriri anogona kungogamuchira zvinhu chete kana zvinhu zvabhadharwa.
Mugoveri wenhaka uye gwaro rekugara nhaka
Mutongi wenhaka ( mutongi wenhaka ) anogona kugadzwa chete nechato (art. 4:142 BW). Basa riri pasi peart. 4:144 BW nderekutarisira midziyo yenhaka uye kubhadhara zvikwereti zvayo, uye pakuzviita mutongi wenhaka anomiririra vagari venhaka mukati nekunze kwedare (art. 4:145 BW). Kana zvichidikanwa mutongi wenhaka anogona kushandura midziyo kuita mari yekubhadhara zvikwereti (art. 4:147 BW), uye anofanira kupa vagari venhaka ruzivo rwese rwavanoda (art. 4:148 BW). Munhu asingaite zvisina divi raanotsigira anogona kudzingwa basa.
Chitupa chenhaka ( verklaring van erfrecht ) chitupa chenotarial pasi peArt. 4:188 BW chinotaura kuti ndiani akafa, kana paive nedhiri, kuti vagari venhaka ndivanaani, kana vakabvuma, uye kuti ndiani anogona kushanda panzvimbo yacho. Mabhangi nerejistri yenyika havawanzo buritsa mari kana kutamisa pfuma vasina; verklaring van executele yakamanikana inogadza simba remutongi wepfuma chete. Kumhuri dzekunze kwenyika zvinotora nguva yakareba kupfuura zvaitarisirwa, nekuti zvitupa zvekune dzimwe nyika zvingada kunyoreswa zviri pamutemo kana apostille uye shanduro yakapikwa.
Mutero wenhaka muchidimbu
Mutero wenhaka yeDutch ( erfbelasting ) unotongwa neSuccessiewet 1956, wakasiyana nemutemo wehurumende uri pamusoro apa. Mupi wenhaka anobhadhara, pane zvinogamuchirwa nemupi wenhaka iyeye - kwete nhaka sezvazviri. Mhosva inotevera imba yemufi , kwete yemupi wenhaka: zvakanyanya, inokodzera kwaigara mufi muNetherlands parufu, chero kwaanogara vagari venhaka. Mugari weDutch anotama anoonekwa nehunyanzvi. 3 SW 1956 kuti akaramba ari mugari muNetherlands kwemakore gumi mushure mekubva; ngano iyi inongogumira kuvagari veDutch, saka mugari wekune imwe nyika anotama anosara kunze kwayo.
Kusunungurwa kuripo uye kunoenderana zvachose nehukama. Mudzimai kana mudiwa akanyoreswa ane kuregererwa kwakakura, saka nhaka dzakawanda dzemuroorani hadzibhadhare mutero zvachose; yemwana yakaderera; shamwari kana mukoma kana munin'ina ane diki chete. Mitengo inofambira mberi , ine mabhendi maviri nemapoka matatu ehukama: kure neakafa, kuregererwa kudiki uye mwero wakakwira. Kusunungurwa kwemudiwa kunosvika mazana ezviuru zvemaeuro, mwana anowana odha yakakura shoma, uye mukoma kana mubatsiri asina hukama anongowana mari shoma. Mukati mechikamu chimwe nechimwe, bhendi rekutanga rine mwero wakaderera uye zvese zviri pamusoro pebhendi zvinogumira pane wakakwira, saka mudiwa kana mwana anobhadhara 10 muzana mubhendi rekutanga uye 20 muzana pamusoro paro. Kodzero yepensheni yemupona inodya kuregererwa ikoko: pasi pechirevo chepensheni cheArt. 32 Successiewet 1956 kukosha kwepensheni inowanikwa kumudiwa akasara kunotorwa kubva pamudiwa, zvichienderana nekuregererwa kwemutemo kunogara kuripo. Miganho yekusabhadhara chikwereti pamwe chete nemiganhu yakatarwa muSuccessiewet 1956 uye inogadziriswa kubva musi wa1 Ndira gore rega rega, uye Belastingdienst inoburitsa tafura inoshanda. Ndiro gore rekufa rinotonga, saka tsvaga nhamba dzegore iroro pane remazuva ano, uye tora kuverenga kwacho kumupi wezano wemitero: kambani iyi inopa mazano kudivi rehurumende repfuma uye inoshanda pamwe chete nemushandi wezvemari pakubhadhara chikwereti.
Zuva rekupedzisira rekutumira gwaro rachinja. Raiva mwedzi misere kubva pazuva rerufu; pasi peTax Plan 2026, yevakafa musi wa1 Ndira 2026 kana kuti mushure mayo, nguva yekutumira gwaro uye zuva iro mubereko wemitero wakawedzerwa kusvika kumwedzi makumi maviri mushure merufu . Kana rufu rwacho rwaive rwapfuura, tarisa kuti inguva ipi inoshanda kune nhaka iyoyo. Ziva kuti EU Succession Regulation haibate nemitero zvachose - mutemo unodzora nhaka nenyika ine kodzero yekuibhadhara mutero zvinosarudzwa nemitemo yakasiyana, uye kazhinji inyika dzakasiyana.
The international dimension
Kugara kwakajairika uye kusarudza mutemo
Mutemo (EU) Nhamba 650/2012 unoshanda kana rufu rwakaitika musi wa17 Nyamavhuvhu 2015 kana kuti mushure mazvo . Pasi peChikamu 21 mutemo unoshanda kune nhaka yese ndeweNyika iyo mufi aigara achigara panguva yerufu . Mutemo mumwe chete unodzora pfuma yese, inofambiswa uye isingafambi, chero kupi zvako kwairi. Chikamu 21 chinewo nzira yekupukunyuka nayo apo mufi aive akabatana zvakanyanya neimwe Nyika - musiyano, kwete chishandiso chekuronga. Kugara kwekugara kwemufi hakuna kufanana nekunyoresa kweguta kana kugara mutero, uye kune munhu anobva kunze kwenyika akatumirwa pano kwemakore mashoma ane imba yemhuri yake iri kunze kwenyika, mhinduro yacho inogona kupokana.
Chikamu 22 chinobvumira munhu kusarudza mutemo weNyika ine rudzi rwaanogara, pakusarudza kana pakufa; mumwe munhu ane marudzi akasiyana-siyana anogona kusarudza chero ipi zvayo. Sarudzo yacho inofanira kuitwa zvakananga mukugoverwa kwepfuma parufu - mukuita, yakanyorwa muwiri nemashoko akajeka. Kune vekunze kwenyika pano, iyi ndiyo danho rimwe chete rinokosha rekuronga, uye rinoshanda munzira mbiri: mutorwa wekunze asingade chikamu chepamutemo cheDutch anogona kusarudza mutemo wake wenyika, uye mutorwa weDutch wekunze kwenyika anoda chikamu chepamutemo anogona kusarudza mutemo weDutch.
Nyevero mbiri. Kusarudza mutemo wekune dzimwe nyika hazvirevi hazvo kuti zvinopa rusununguko rwakawanda: mitemo yakawanda yehurumende ine kodzero yekumanikidzwa kugara nhaka kupfuura yeDutch, uye Chinyorwa 23 chinosimbisa kuti mutemo unoshanda unodzora chikamu chepfuma chinoraswa uye migove yakachengetwa. Uye sarudzo yemutemo haichinje chinhu nezvemutero. Mutemo uyu unosunga Nyika dziri Nhengo dzeEU kunze kweDenmark neIreland , uye hauna kumbobvira washanda kuUnited Kingdom. Kana pfuma ikabata nyika isina kusungwa kana isiri yeEU, tarisa maonero eDutch uchienzanisa nemitemo yenyika iyoyo yekusawirirana, iyo inogona kusimbirira pakushandisa mutemo wayo kupfuma isingatamike.
Chitupa chekugarisana nhaka muEurope
Mutemo uyu wakagadzira Chitupa cheEuropean of Succession, chinotongwa neZvikamu 62 kusvika 69, chevagari venhaka, vagadyi venhaka, vatongi nevatungamiriri vanoda kuratidza chinzvimbo chavo kana masimba avo mune imwe Nyika yeNhengo. MuNetherlands, notary wemutemo wehurumende anochipa pasi pechikamu 4:188a BW. Chinoshanda munyika dzese dzeNhengo dzisina maitiro akakosha, uye munhu anoshanda nekuvimbika nemuridzi wacho anodzivirirwa. Kushandiswa kwacho ndekwesarudzo, uye hachitsivi Dutch verklaring van erfrecht munyika. Pfungwa inoshanda iri muChikamu 70: makopi akasimbiswa anoshanda kwemwedzi mitanhatu , nezuva rekupera rakanyorwa pakopi. Mabhangi ekunze nemahofisi ekunyorera anoramba makopi apera, saka kumbira rimwe kana richidikanwa, kwete pakutanga.
Ndinogona here kubvisa mwana wangu nhaka muNetherlands?
Ehe. Chibvumirano chenhaka chinogona kubvisa mwana zvachose, uyo asiri mugari wenhaka: hapana mugove muzvinhu uye hapana izwi mukutonga. Asi pasi pechikamu. 4:63 BW mwana anochengeta chikamu chepamutemo chakakosha hafu yemugove wenhaka, sechikwereti chemari kune vagari venhaka, uye anofanira kuchidaidza - pasi pechikamu. 4:85 BW zvikasadaro chinopera.
Chikamu chepamutemo chinokosha marii?
Pasi pechikamu 4:64 BW, hafu yezvaizogara nhaka mwana asina nhaka. Hwaro hwacho haisi nyaya yerufu chete: chikamu 4:65 BW nechikamu 4:67 BW inoda kuti zvimwe zvipo zvehupenyu hwese zviwedzerwe, kusanganisira zvipo mukati memakore mashanu ekufa uye zvipo kuvana pese pazvinoitwa, zvikwereti zvichibviswa.
Ndingamanikidza kutengeswa kweimba yemubereki wangu akafa kuti ibhadharwe here?
Kwete. Chikamu chepamutemo chinoreva mari inopihwa kune vagari venhaka, kwete kune chero chinhu chipi zvacho. Haugone kukumbira imba, kumisa kutengeswa kwayo kana kunyoresa mugove mairi. Kazhinji hazvigoneke kushanda kusvika mwedzi mitanhatu mushure mekufa, uye chitsidzo chinowanzoimisa kusvika murume kana mukadzi ari mupenyu afa (art. 4:81 uye art. 4:82 BW).
Mudiwa wangu asina kuroora kana kuroorwa akafa asina gwaro renhaka. Chii chandichagara nhaka?
Hapana chinhu chiri pasi pemitemo yekushaya nhaka. Mutemo weDutch unoenzanisa kubatana kwakanyoreswa nekuroorana, asi munhu anogara nemurume nemukadzi vasina kuroora haasi mugari wenhaka, zvisinei nekuti makagara pamwe chete kwenguva yakareba sei. Mungave nekodzero pasi pechirongwa chepenjeni kana mutemo wehupenyu, uye art. 4:28 BW inobvumira munhu anogara nemurume nemukadzi kuti arambe achishandisa zvinhu zvepamba nemidziyo yemumba kwemwedzi mitanhatu. Chero chimwe chinhu chinoda nhaka.
Ndiri mutorwa anogara pano. Mutemo wenhaka wekuNetherlands uchashanda kwandiri here?
Pamwe, kana Netherlands iri imba yako yaunogara uchigara kana wafa. Pasi peChikamu 21 cheMutemo (EU) Nhamba 650/2012 nhaka yese inotongwa nemutemo weDutch chero kupi zvako kuri pfuma yako, saka chikamu cheDutch chepamutemo chinoshanda kuvana vako. Chinyorwa 22 chinokutendera kusarudza mutemo wako wenyika panzvimbo pezvo, asi mudhiri chete.
Ndobvuma here nhaka yandinofunga kuti ingave isina mari yakakwana?
Kwete chete, uye musabata midziyo. Pasi pechikamu 4:192 BW kuzvibata semugari wenhaka kunonzi kugamuchirwa kwakachena, zvichikuita kuti iwe pachako uve nemhosva yezvikwereti zvepfuma zvinopfuura kukosha kwayo. Kugamuchira pasi pekubatsirwa kwemari yezvinhu kunoderedza mutoro wepfuma; kuramba zvachose kunoramba asi hakuchinji uye kunopa sarudzo kuvana vako. Zvese zvinoda kuziviswa kudare.
Law & More inopa mazano kune vagari venhaka, vatongi vezvinhu, nevana vakatorerwa nhaka vari muNetherlands, uye kune dzimwe nyika kuti ndeapi mutemo uchatonga kutsiva kwavo uye kuti kusarudza mutemo muchido kunogona kuzadzisa sei. Nekuti chikamu chepamutemo, zvimwe zvinodiwa nemutemo uye sarudzo yekugamuchira zvinhu pasi pechibatsiro chemari zvese zvinoitwa nenguva pfupi, ndapota taurai nesu nekukurumidza pane kana nguva yapera.
