Bvunzo yeInburgering muNetherlands: zvinodiwa zvekubatanidzwa, mazinga uye kusabvumirwa

Kana uine mvumo yekugara muDutch nekuda kwechinangwa chisiri chenguva pfupi, ungangove uri pasi pebasa repamutemo rekubatanidza. Basa iroro rinopera nebvunzo, uye bvunzo ine danho. Kana danho iroro riri A2 kana B1 zvinoenderana nekuti uri pasi peMutemo upi uye, pasi peMutemo uripo, munzira yekudzidza yaunopihwa nedunhu rako. Peji rino rinotsanangura chinzvimbo nemazvo, uye rinotsanangura zvinoitika kune mvumo yako yekugara uye mikana yako yekuwana hugari kana ukasabatanidzwa nenguva.

Mhinduro yakananga ndeye A2 kana B1?

Mabasa maviri anoshanda panguva imwe chete, uye anoisa nhanho dzakasiyana. Ndiyo inokonzera kuvhiringidzika kunenge kwose panyaya iyi.

• Wet inburgering 2013 (iyo yekare Act): nhanho inodiwa ndeye A2Mutemo uyu uchiri kutonga munhu wese akave pasi pechinodiwa chekubatanidzwa. usati wasvika 1 Ndira 2022.
• Wet inburgering 2021 (iyo yazvino Mutemo): mwero unodiwa ndewekuti B1Mutemo uyu unodzora munhu wese akave pasi pechinodiwa chekubatanidzwa. musi wa1 Ndira 2022 kana kuti mushure maizvozvo.

Saka mhinduro yekuti "bvunzo ye "inburgering" A2 here kana kuti B1?" ndeiyi: B1 pasi peMutemo wa2021, A2 pasi peMutemo wa2013, inoenderana nezvikwaniriso zviviri pasi peMutemo wa2021. Yekutanga inzira yekuzvitsigira , uko chinangwa chiri A1 uye pasina bvunzo yepakati. Yechipiri kudzikiswa kwemagiredhi : munhu ari munzira yeB1 asingakwanise kusvika B1 kunyangwe achiedza nepaanogona napo anogona kubvumirwa kugara paA2. Zvese zviri zviviri zvinotsanangurwa pazasi.

Mamwe mazinga maviri anonyatsovhiringika neaya. Bvunzo yekubatanidzwa kwevagari vemo kunze kwenyika , inotorwa mhuri isati yatama, iri paA1. Uye kugadzwa kwevagari vemo kune mamiriro emutauro wayo, parizvino A2 - kwete B1. Saka unogona kuzadzisa zvinodiwa zvekubatanidzwa pasina kuzadzisa mamiriro ekugara kwevagari vemo.

Ndiani anofanira kubatanidzwa, uye ndiani asingabatanidzwi

Chikamu 3 cheWet inburgering 2021 chinotsanangura kuti ndiani anofanira kutevedzera zvinodiwa: zvakanyanya, munhu wekune imwe nyika anogara zviri pamutemo muNetherlands, ane makore gumi nematanhatu zvichikwira uye ari pasi pezera remudyandigere rehurumende, ane mvumo yekushanda kwenguva pfupi.

Vagari vemuEU, EEA neSwitzerland

Vagari vemunyika dziri nhengo dzeEU neEEA pamwe chete neSwitzerland havasi pasi pemutemo uyu, pamwe chete nevemhuri vanowana kodzero yekugara kubva kwavari pasi pemutemo weEU wekufamba wakasununguka, zvisinei nekuti ndewerudzii. Chero ani zvake ari muboka iri anogona kujoina, uye kazhinji anofanira: mutemo wekufamba wakasununguka hausi kuzobvisa mutemo wemutauro wekugara wakasununguka.

Vagari vemuTurkey uye mutemo wekumira

Iyi ndiyo nzvimbo inonyanya kugadzikana munharaunda iyi. Kwemakore akawanda, vagari vemuTurkey vaibatwa sevasiri mumutemo weEEC-Turkey Association, vachirambidza zvirambidzo zvitsva. Kubva musi wa1 Ndira 2022, dare reparamende rakadzoreredza mutemo wekuti vanhu vatsva vekuTurkey vauye kuTurkey pasi pemutemo weWet inburgering 2021.

Kudzoserwa ikoko hakuna kuramba kuripo. Dhipatimendi reHurumende reHurumende reDare reHurumende rakanga ratotonga, musi wa24 Chikumi 2020 (ECLI:NL:RVS:2020:1449), kuti vashandi vekuTurkey nemhuri dzavo vasave pasi pechinodiwa chekubatanidzwa, nekuda kwechikamu chekumira chiri muEEC-Turkey Association Agreement. Pachikonzero ichocho DUO yakagumisa chinodiwa pakati pa2025 chemhuri dzeTurkey dzakatamiswa zvisiri izvo. Avo vakakanganiswa vakaziviswa mumwe nemumwe.

Vatorwa vane hunyanzvi hwepamusoro, vadzidzi nezvimwe zvinangwa zvenguva pfupi

Vane mvumo yebasa renguva pfupi havasi ivo vanotarisirwa: vatorwa vane hunyanzvi hwepamusoro (kennismigranten), vane maBlue Card eEurope, vanochinjirwa kune dzimwe nyika, vadzidzi, vanochinjana mabasa uye vashandi vemwaka. Kuzvishandira kwave kuchionekwawo sechinangwa chenguva pfupi pano.

Mubvunzo watinowanzo bvunzwa ndewekuti nhengo dzemhuri dzevatorwa vane hunyanzvi hwakanyanya ndidzo dzatinowanzo bvunzwa, uye hazvina musoro. Mvumo yemhuri inopihwa yekugara nemumwe wako kana nhengo yemhuri, chinangwa chisiri chenguva pfupi, asi mukuita, DUO inotora chinzvimbo chemhuri kubva pachinangwa chekugara chemubatsiri. Vakaroorana nevana vadiki vevatorwa vane hunyanzvi hwakanyanya havabatanidzwi nezvinodiwa zvekubatanidzwa pasi pechinyorwa. 3 Besluit inburgering 2021, nekuti chinangwa chavo chekugara chinozivikanwa sechenguva pfupi. Tarisa tsamba yeDUO zvakadaro, nekuti kana paine chisungo chinomuka, wachi inobva pazuva iroro kana kuti wakazviona.

Nzira nhatu dzekudzidza pasi peMutemo we2021

Chinyorwa 6 cheWet inburgering 2021 chinoti chinodiwa chine zvinhu zvitatu: gwara rekutaura nezvekutora chikamu, module pamusika wevashandi nekutora chikamu, uye kupedzwa kwenzira yekudzidza. Chinyorwa 7 chinopa nzira nhatu idzi. Kanzuru yako inopa nzira yako muchirongwa chako chekubatanidza, mushure mebvunzo yakawanda yekupinda uye yekufunda.

Nzira yeB1

Nzira yakajairika. Unoita bvunzo huru muzvikamu zvina zvemitauro - kuverenga, kuteerera, kunyora nekutaura - paB1, pamwe chete neruzivo rwevanhu vekuDutch. Kupasa kunopa diploma inoratidza nhanho yawakawana.

Kudzikiswa kubva kuB1 kuenda kuA2

Munhu ari munzira yeB1 asingakwanise kusvika kuB1 anogona kubvumidzwa kugara paA2 panzvimbo pezvo. Zvinhu zviviri zvinoshanda: maawa angangoita mazana matanhatu emari yechikoro nemupi wemari ane chiratidzo chemhando yeBlik op Werk, uye humbowo hwekushanda nesimba kwakakwana. Sarudzo yacho inotorwa nekanzuru , kwete neDUO, uye inoguma nehurongwa hwekubatanidza munhu; kuramba kunogona kupikiswa. Maawa ekushanda nemupi wemari asina chitupa haaverengerwi.

Nzira yedzidzo

Chirongwa chenguva yakazara chekubatanidza mitauro chinotora mwedzi gumi nemisere, chinobatanidza chiDutch nekuverenga, Chirungu nehunyanzvi hwekudzidza, zvichitungamira mudzidzo yemabasa, yepamusoro kana yeyunivhesiti. Kuwana mari yevadzidzi kunoenderana nezera, izvo zvinoita kuti nzira iyi isafadze kune vanhu vakuru: Chimiro cheDUO ndechekuti mari yevadzidzi inofanira kutanga isati yasvitsa makore makumi matatu ekuberekwa kwemunyoreri, padanho rega rega redzidzo, kunyangwe ichiramba ichienderera mberi kana mugamuchiri asvitsa makore makumi matatu panguva yekosi. Module pamusoro pemusika wevashandi nekutora chikamu muchikamu chikuru chekubatanidzwa (Chinyorwa 6 cheWet inburgering 2021), asi vatori vechikamu munzira yedzidzo havafanirwe kuipedzisa (Chinyorwa 8 cheWet inburgering 2021).

Nzira yekuzvivimba

Kune vanhu vane bvunzo yekudzidza inoratidza kuti B1 haigoneke nekufamba kwenguva. Chinangwa ndecheA1, kana kuti nhanho yepamusoro inogoneka. Hapana bvunzo yepakati: panzvimbo pezvo maawa mashoma emari yechikoro cheDutch anotarirwa nemudzidzisi weNT2, uye kune vane mamiriro ehupoteri mamwe maawa mazana masere ezviitiko zvekutora chikamu, zvichizoguma nekubvunzurudzwa kwekupedzisira nekanzuru uye chitupa.

Cherechedza mhedzisiro yacho: chitupa ichocho chinozadzisa zvinodiwa zvekubatanidzwa asi kwete mamiriro emutauro wekuti munhu apihwe hugari hwenyika. Munhu anenge apinda chikoro anozoda kuva mugari wekuDutch anofanira kupasa bvunzo paA2 zvakasiyana.

Chirevo chekupinda muchirongwa uye zvikamu zvebvunzo

Nzira yekutaura nezvekutora chikamu (participatieverklaringstraject, PVT) inokuzivisai nezvekodzero, mabasa, uye tsika dzenzanga yeDutch uye inoguma nesaini yenyu pachiziviso. Kanzuru inoronga uye inonyoresa kupedzisa; DUO inotarisisa nguva yekupedzisira. Inoshanda panzira dzese nhatu.

Module pamusoro pemusika wevashandi nekutora chikamu (module Arbeidsmarkt en Participatie, MAP) inosanganisira seti yemisoro yemusika wevashandi uye inoda maawa angangoita makumi mana eruzivo rwekushanda; basa renguva yakazara rinogona kuverengerwa maawa iwayo. Kanzuru inosarudza chimiro chayo nenguva. Zvinosungirwa panzira yeB1 uye nzira yekuzvimirira.

Vane diploma yeState Examination NT2, kana kuti vane zvitupa zvega zvega paB1 kana B2, vanogona kukumbira kusabatanidzwa muzvikamu zvemutauro zvinoenderana nazvo, asi vanofanira kupedzisa gwara rekutaura nezvekupinda muchikoro pamwe nechikamu chemusika wevashandi.

Kanzuru, huwandu hwevanhu vanotora nzvimbo yakawanda uye hurongwa hwemunhu

Pasi pemutemo we2021, kanzuru, kwete munhu wega, ndiyo inotungamira maitiro acho. Chinyorwa 14 chinopa huwandu hwakawanda hwezvinhu : kuongororwa kwehunyanzvi hwako hwemutauro, dzidzo, nhoroondo yebasa uye mamiriro ako ega, kusanganisira bvunzo yekudzidza. Bvunzo iyoyo inopindura mubvunzo mumwe chete - kana B1 ichikwanisika mukati memakore matatu - nehongu kana kwete. Haiyere nhanho yako yazvino.

Chinyorwa 15 chinopa hurongwa hwekubatana kwemunhu uye kutora chikamu (PIP), umo kanzuru inogadzirisa nzira yako, rutsigiro rwako uye kusimba kwenzira. PIP chisarudzo chehutungamiriri: unogona kuramba nekukwidza nyaya, uye chinogona kugadziriswa, semuenzaniso pakudzikiswa kwechikamu kuenda kuA2. Chinyorwa 13 chinopa gwara remagariro evanhu vane mamiriro ehupoteri, avo kubatanidzwa kwavo kunopa mari yekanzuru zvizere. Vatorwa vemhuri nevamwe vatorwa vanobhadhara mari yavo uye vanogona kunyorera kuDUO kuti vakwereteswe chikwereti.

Nguva yekupedzisira uye kuwedzerwa

Nguva yekubatanidzwa kwemakore matatu . Pasi pemutemo we2021 inotanga pazuva iro kanzuru inogadza hurongwa hwekubatanidzwa kwevanhu pamwe nekutora chikamu (PIP).

Kuwedzera chikoro kunogoneka kana kuwanda kwacho kusiri iko kwakakonzerwa newe. Zvikonzero zvinozivikanwa pasi peMitemo yese zvinosanganisira kutanga watevera kosi yekuverenga nekunyora, kurwara kwako kana nhengo yemhuri, kufa mumhuri, kusununguka, kushaya pekugara kana pekugara nekukurumidza, uye kunonoka kunokonzerwa nekanzuru kana chikoro. Pasi peMutemo wa2021, pane chimwe chikonzero chinoshanda kana wapedza maawa akawanda ekosi uye wapasa kanenge kaviri pazvikamu zvina zvebvunzo. Nguva yekuwedzera inogona kupihwa kamwe chete panguva imwe chete, uye mafomu ekunyorera anoenda kuDUO. Kuwedzera chikoro mahara; kurapwa hakusipo, saka chirwere chenguva pfupi chinogadziriswa zviri nani kuburikidza nekuwedzera chikoro.

Chii chinoitika kana ukasabatanidzwa nenguva

Mamiriro ekutevedzwa kwemutemo achinja zvakanyanya, uye ruzivo rwakawanda rwunowanikwa paindaneti haruchashandi.

Mutemo weWet inburgering 2021 unopa faindi dzekutonga, dzine miganhu yepamusoro ye €250, €340, €800 uye €1,000 (Chikamu 26 cheWet inburgering 2021). Kukundikana kushandira pamwe kunobhadhariswa faindi yekutanga ye €250. Kutyorwa kwakaitwa muChikamu 23 cheMutemo iwoyo kunobhadhariswa faindi ye €50, iyo inogona kuwedzerwa kusvika €800 kana ikadzokororwa. Kukundikana kuzadzisa chisungo chekubatanidzwa nenguva kunobhadhariswa faindi ye €340. Pasi peMutemo wa2013 faindi yekukundikana kupasa zvikamu zvebvunzo yekubatanidzwa nenguva inosvika €1,250 (Chikamu 34 cheWet inburgering).

Mari idzodzo dzinofanira kuverengwa dzichipesana nemutemo wenyaya iyi. Mushure memutongo weDare reJustice reEuropean Union wa4 Kukadzi 2025, DUO yakamisa faindi kune vane mamiriro ehupoteri. Dhipatimendi reHurumende reHurumende rakashandisa chikonzero ichocho kuMutemo wa2021 wa9 Chikunguru 2025 ndokuuwedzera kuMutemo wa2013 wa18 Kukadzi 2026, richiti faindi kune vane mamiriro ehupoteri zvinopesana nemutemo weEU, uye kuti zvakafanana zvinoshanda pakudzorerwa kwechikwereti chekubatanidzwa. Saka DUO haibhadharise vane mamiriro ehupoteri pasi peMutemo kana kudzosa zvikwereti zvavo.

Zvinhu zviviri zvinowanzo nzwisiswa zvisizvo. Chekutanga, izvi hazvibvisi faindi: maguta anogona kuramba achibhadhariswa faindi panguva yekufamba kwenzvimbo iyi nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana, uye mhuri dzinotama pamwe chete nevamwe vasiri vapoteri vanoramba vachiratidzwa pasi pemitemo yese miviri. Chechipiri, faindi inowanzo piwa nguva yekupedzisira pane kuguma kwemaitiro acho, kureba kwayo zvichienderana nemaawa nezvikamu zvatopedzwa.

Mugumisiro wakakomba hausi faindi. Kukundikana kuzadzisa zvinodiwa kunodzivisa mvumo yekugara zvachose uye kubvumidzwa kuva vagari vemo , uye mutemo wemhosva dzefaindi haukanganisi izvozvo.

Kuregererwa uye kugoverwa kwezvirango

Mutemo weDutch unosiyanisa vrijstelling (kuregererwa, uko chinodiwa chisingamboshandi kana kuti chinopera nekuti watosvika padanho remutemo) ne ontheffing (kugoverwa, uko kunoshanda asi wasunungurwa kubva mazviri). Kuregererwa kunotongwa nechikamu 4 cheWet inburgering 2021 uye dispension nechikamu 5.

Zvikonzero zvikuru ndeizvi:

• Dzidzo yechiDutch. Chitupa cheDutch padanho reVMBO kana kupfuura, chitupa cheNT2 State Examination, kana chitupa chakafanana cheBelgian kana Surinamese. Makore masere kana kupfuura muNetherlands panguva yezera rekuchikoro rinosungirwawo haabvumidzwe.
• Ruzivo nehunyanzvi zvakaratidzwa. Kusabvumirwa zvizere kana chikamu chebasa kwaunogona kuratidza kuti une ruzivo nehunyanzvi zvinodiwa. Pasi peMutemo we2021, chiyero cheizvi chakasimudzirwa kusvika paB1. DUO ndiyo inosarudza mafomu aya pakati nepakati.
• Kurapwa kwevanachiremba. Kana dambudziko repfungwa kana remuviri risingaperi, kana kuremara kwepfungwa, zvichikutadzisa kupinda muchirongwa. Unonyorera kuburikidza neMijn Inburgering wobhadhara mari ye€225 muna 2026, inodzoserwa chete kana mukana wekuregererwa wapihwa uye usingawanikwe nechikwereti. Chiremba akasarudzwa anokuongorora uye anokupa mushumo wenyanzvi; mukana wekuregererwa unotevera, wose kana chikamu chawo, kwausingatarisirwi kuzadzisa chisungo mukati memakore mashanu. DUO inosarudza mukati memavhiki masere. Kana mukana wacho uri wechinguvana, nyorera nguva yekuwedzera panzvimbo pezvo: mahara.
• Age. Vari pasi pemakore gumi nematanhatu kana kupfuura zera remudyandigere rehurumende.
• Kuedza kwakaratidzwa. Kana wakaita zvese zvawakanyora asi usingakwanise kusvika padanho rakakodzera, mukana wekudzidza unogona kuteverwa neongororo yekugona kudzidza kana bvunzo dzinodzokororwa, muzviitiko zvese izvi zvichibva pamaawa angangoita mazana matanhatu emari yechikoro nemupi wedzidzo ane hunyanzvi.

Kupihwa mvumo nekuda kwekuedza kwakaratidzwa kunozadzisa zvinodiwa uye kunosunungura magwaro ekugara zvachose. Hazvirevi diploma paA2, saka chinzvimbo chekuva chizvarwa chinofanira kuongororwa chakasiyana.

Uchiri pasi pemutemo wegore ra2013 here? Chii chinoshanda kwauri?

Kana mutongo wako wasvika musi wa1 Ndira 2022 usati wasvika, unoramba uri pasi pemutemo weWet inburgering 2013 wenzira yako yese yekufamba; hauchinjiri kune system itsva. Pasi pemutemo iwoyo:

• Chikamu chinodiwa ndeche A2.
• Bvunzo iyi ine zvikamu zvina zvemitauro, ruzivo rwevanhu vechiDutch uye kutungamira pamusika wevashandi vekuDutch (ONA) — iyo yakatangira module yemusika wevashandi, uye haisi chinhu chimwe chete. Nzira yekutaura nezvekutora chikamu inoshanda apo chisungo chakatanga musi wa1 Gumiguru 2017 kana kuti mushure mayo.
• Unoronga uye unobhadhara mari yekosi yako wega. Chikwereti cheDUO chinosvika €10,000 inowanikwa kana paine bvunzo yemari inowanikwa.
• Kune vane hupoteri, chikwereti chakabviswa kana chapera nenguva; mushure memutongo wa18 Kukadzi 2026, DUO haichadzoreri zvikwereti izvozvo, uye haichabhadharisi faindi.

Mhuri nevamwe vanotama pasi pemutemo we2013 Act vanoramba vaine mhosva yefaindi uye yekubhadhara chikwereti.

Bvunzo yekubatanidzwa kunze kwenyika

Kutama kwemhuri kunowanzo da kuti nhengo yemhuri inotsigirwa ipasa bvunzo yekuongorora muBurgering Buitenland isati yapihwa mvumo yekugara kwenguva pfupi ( MVV ). Inotorwa kuembassy yeDutch kana konsulate, kana kune mumwe munhu ane mvumo yekunze, mushure mekunyoresa neDUO, uye inosanganisira kuverenga, kutaura uye ruzivo rweDutch society, inotorwa paA1. Chikamu chimwe nechimwe chinodhura €50, saka €150 kana zvese zvitatu zvaiswa, uye chikamu chimwe chinogona kuiswazve. Pasi haiperi, asi mvv inofanira kunyorerwa mukati megore rimwe chete rekupasa zvikamu zvese zvitatu; mirira kwenguva yakareba uye bvunzo inofanira kutorwa zvakare.

Vanhu vanosunungurwa vanosanganisira vagari vemuEU neEEA, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, South Korea, Monaco neVatican City; vanhu vari pasi pemakore gumi nemasere kana vane zera remudyandigere; vanhu vakapedza makore masere kana kupfuura muNetherlands panguva yezera rechikoro rinosungirwa; uye vane madhipuroma ekuDutch, Belgian kana Surinamese anokodzera. Kupasa hakuiti kuti munhu awane chinodiwa chekubatanidzwa muNetherlands - nguva inotanga zvakare kana wasvika.

Kubatanidzwa, kugara zvachose uye kuva muDutch

Kubatanidzwa kwevanhu mumhuri imwe chete ndiyo nzira yekuwana kodzero dzekugara pamwe nedzerudzi, asi izvi zviviri zvinoshandisa zvibvumirano zvakasiyana.

Kuti munhu ave nemvumo yekugara kwenguva refu kana kuti ave mugari wenguva refu muEU, IND inoda humbowo hwekuti zvinodiwa zvazadzikiswa: chitupa chekubatanidzwa, chitupa chekubatanidzwa pasi peWet inburgering 2021, kana gwaro rinosimbisa kuregererwa kana kusunungurwa. Chitupa chinopihwa pakupera kwenzira yekuzvitonga chinogamuchirwa pano. Kusunungurwa kwakasiyana kunoshanda kune, pakati pevamwe, zvizvarwa zveBelgium neLuxembourg, vanhu vari pasi pemakore gumi nemasere kana vezera repension, vanhu vane makore masere kana kupfuura muNetherlands panguva yezera rechikoro rinosungirwa, uye nyaya dzehutano.

Pakugadzwa kwemunhu wekuzvarwa pasi pechikamu 8 cheRijkswet op het Nederlanderschap mamiriro emutauro parizvino ari A2 muzvikamu zvina, neruzivo rwenzanga yeDutch uye mafambiro emusika wevashandi, kana neimwe nzira bvunzo yeNT2 State paB1 kana B2. Chitupa cheB1 nzira kana nzira yedzidzo chinogutsa izvi. Chitupa chekuzvimiririra hachiite izvi: mutori wechikamu anofanira kupasa zvikamu zvebvunzo paA2 zvakare. Chikamu chemusika wevashandi chakanangana nehurongwa, uye shanduro dzese dziri mbiri dzinoverengerwa: IND inoronga zvikamu zvebvunzo zvekugadzwa kwemunhu wekuzvarwa nechinhu ichocho se oriëntatie op de Nederlandse arbeidsmarkt yevanhu vakabatanidzwa pasi peMutemo wa2013 uye seModule Arbeidsmarkt en Participatie yevanhu vakabatanidzwa pasi peMutemo wa2021, saka MAP yakazadzwa inogutsa.

Mamiriro ese ari maviri ave ari nyaya yekuchinja kwakaziviswa kwemakore, uye hapana shanduko yakashanda: mwero wemutauro wekugamuchira vagari vemo iA2 uye nguva yekugara yakajairika makore mashanu (chinyorwa 8 cheRijkswet op het Nederlanderschap). Nekuti chiziviso hachisi mutemo, tarisa rugwaro rwakabatanidzwa rweRijkswet pa wetten.overheid.nl usati wapa mazano pane chero pfungwa pane kushanda kubva munhau.