Kuneta zvakanyanya uye kumanikidzwa kubasa muNetherlands zvinogadziriswa kuburikidza nemitemo yakajairika yekurwara: kana chiremba wekambani (bedrijfsarts) angoona kuti zvichemo zvinoita kuti mushandi asakodzere kushanda, mushandirwi anofanira kuramba achibhadhara mari inosvika 70 muzana yemuhoro kwemavhiki anosvika 104 pasi peChinyorwa 7:629 cheDutch Civil Code, uye mapato ese ari maviri anosungwa nemabasa ekudzoserwa mudzimba eGatekeeper Improvement Act (Wet verbetering poortwachter). Mushandirwi kana mushandi havasarudze kana paine kusakwanisa kushanda: kutonga ikoko ndekwachiremba wekambani, uye ndiko kunokonzera kodzero dzese nebasa rinotsanangurwa pazasi.
Kumanikidzwa kubasa ndicho chikonzero chinowanzoita kuti vanhu vasashande kwenguva refu munyika, uye ndiyo nzvimbo iyo vashandirwi vanowanzo kanganisa maitiro acho. Mitemo yacho yakaoma uye inonyanya kusungirwa: haigone kubvisirwa, uye kukanganisa mumavhiki masere ekutanga ekurwara kunogona kuita kuti mushandirwi abhadhare gore rose remuhoro. Chinyorwa chino chinotsanangura zvinodiwa nemutemo webasa weDutch kune mativi ese, kubva pamushumo wekutanga wekurwara kusvika kumagumo emakore maviri, uye apo mutoro wekuneta nebasa unotanga uye unopera.
Kana kuneta kuchionekwa sechirwere pasi pemutemo weDutch
Mutemo weDutch hauna tsananguro yakasiyana yemutemo yekupisa. Haudi imwe. Mutemo weCivil Code unotaura nezvemushandi anorambidzwa kuita basa rakabvumiranwa nekuda kwekurwara, uye fomura iyoyo inovhara zvichemo zvemuviri nezvepfungwa zvakafanana. Saka kupisa kunounza chinzvimbo chepamutemo chakafanana negumbo rakatyoka: mubhadharo mumwe chete, mabasa ekudzorerwa kumabasa akafanana, dziviriro imwe chete pakudzingwa basa.
Chinonyanya kukosha haisi nyaya yekuongororwa kwemuviri asi mhedzisiro yebasa. Mubvunzo unopindurwa nachiremba wekambani ndewekuti zvichemo zvinoganhurira mushandi here pakuita basa rakabvumiranwa, uye kana zvakadaro, ndeapi mabasa anoramba achigoneka uye maawa mangani. Dambudziko haritaurirwe kumushandirwi zvachose. Ndokusaka mushandirwi anotaura kuti kuneta hakusi chirwere chaicho ari pasi pesimba guru: mushandirwi haana simba rekutaura muongororo yezvekurapa.
Kumanikidzwa kubasa, kushushikana uye kuneta zvinhu zvitatu zvakasiyana
Kumanikidzwa kwebasa kunotsanangura zvinodiwa nebasa pacharo: huwandu, nguva yakatarwa, mutoro, mutoro wemanzwiro. Kumanikidzwa kwebasa hakusi kurambidzwa uye harisi dambudziko repamutemo. Rinova dambudziko kana zvinodiwa zvikapfuura izvo mushandi anogona kutakura uye mushandirwi anoziva kana kuti anofanira kuziva izvi.
Kushushikana ndiko kunokonzerwa nekusagadzikana ikoko. Kuneta ndiko kuguma kwekushushikana kwenguva refu kusina kumbobviswa: kuneta kwenguva refu, kure nepfungwa kubva kubasa, uye kusashanda zvakanaka. Sangano reWorld Health Organisation rinoti kuneta kunokonzerwa nebasa kwete chirwere chega, ndosaka nzira yekuDutch yekubvunza nezvekugona kushanda, kwete nezvekuongorora chirwere, inoshanda zvakanaka.
Mutsetse unoshanda wekuparadzanisa kusakwanisa kushanda (arbeidsongeschiktheid). Mushandi aneta uye asingafari asi achikwanisa kuita basa rakabvumiranwa haasi kurwara pamutemo uye haana mvumo yekubhadharwa nechirwere. Mushandi uyo chiremba wekambani anoona seasingakwanisi kuita basa iroro anorwara, zvisinei nekuti zvichemo zviri papi.
Mitemo inosarudza mhedzisiro
Mazwi mana echiDutch anodzokororwa mufaira rega rega pamusoro pekuneta, uye kusanzwisisana nawo ndiko kunokonzera kusawirirana kukuru:
- Arbeidsongeschiktheid (kusakwanisa kushanda): kusakwanisa, nekuda kwekurwara, kuita basa rakabvumiranwa. Kuongororwa ne chiremba wekambani, hazvimboitiki nemushandirwi uye hazviitiki nachiremba wemushandi pachake.
- Basa rekuchengetedza (basa rekutarisira): chisungo chepamutemo chemushandirwi pasi peChikamu 7:658 cheDutch Civil Code chekuronga basa nenzvimbo yebasa kuitira kuti mushandi asakuvadzwe mukuita kwebasa.
- Psychosociale arbeidsbelasting (psychosocial workload, PSA): izwi repamutemo remubatanidzwa muWorking Conditions Act rekushandiswa kwemabasa richireva kumanikidzwa kubasa, hutsinye, chisimba, kushungurudza, kushungurudzwa pabonde uye rusarura. Injodzi yehutano hwebasa iyo mushandirwi anofanira kuongorora nekuderedza.
- Goed werkgeverschap (tsika yakanaka yekushanda): chiyero chakavhurika chiri muChinyorwa 7:611 cheDutch Civil Code, chakatsanangurwa zvakanyanya mugwaro redu rekuti miganhu yekuzvibata kwakanaka kwevashandirwi, izvo zvinozadza mipata inosiyiwa nemitemo chaiyo, uye iyo inopokana nezvakawanda zvekuneta pamwe chete neChinyorwa 7:658.
Cherechedza kuti chikamu chechipiri nechechina chete ndizvo zvinosungirwa mumutemo weCivil Code kumushandi wega wega. Basa rezvepfungwa nemagariro evanhu ibasa reveruzhinji pasi peMutemo weMamiriro Ekushanda, unosimbiswa neNetherlands Labour Authority, uye kuutyora pachako hakuiti kuti pave nekodzero yekuripiswa. Zvisinei, zvinopa humbowo hwekuti nyaya yematare inowanzovakirwa pairi.
Zvinofanira kuitwa nemushandirwi kudzivirira kumanikidzwa kubasa uye kuneta
Kudzivirira chisungo chepamutemo, kwete nyaya yezvinangwa zvakanaka. Mutemo weMamiriro Ekushanda (Arbeidsomstandighedenwet, unowanzo kupfupikiswa kuArbowet) unoda kuti mushandirwi wese muNetherlands aite ongororo yengozi nekuongorora (risico-inventarisatie en -evaluatie, RI&E), kunyora mhedzisiro yacho nekunyora, uye kubatanidza hurongwa hwekuita hunoratidza matanho api achatorwa, naani uye rini. Basa repfungwa rinofanira kuva chikamu cheongororo iyoyo. Mushandirwi ane RI&E isipo, yekare kana kuti akanyarara padzvinyiriro yebasa ane dambudziko rekutevedzera mitemo mushandi asati arwara.
Zvinodiwa izvi zvemutemo zvinoshanda kumushandi wese pasinei nerudzi rwechibvumirano kana rudzi, uye vanotevera basa kwete chivako. Vashandi vepamba, vashandi vehybrid nevashandi vanotumirwa kumutengi vese vanowira mukati mehurongwa hwakafanana hwezvisungo zvekuchengetedza nzvimbo yebasa.
Matanho anotarisirwa nemutemo
Kana kuongororwa kwengozi kuchiratidza njodzi yebasa repfungwa, Mutemo weMamiriro Ekushanda unomanikidza mushandirwi kutora matanho ekudzivirira kana kudzikamisa basa racho, uye kuzivisa vashandi nezvenjodzi nematanho anotorwa. Mukuita, Netherlands Labour Authority inotsvaga matanho anozivikanwa uye akanyorwa: mutemo wemaitiro asina kunaka, maitiro ekunyunyuta anotungamira kune imwe nzvimbo, mupi wezano wepachivande akagadzwa, mupurisa wekudzivirira, kutarisa basa rinopfuura ongororo yegore negore, uye kutevera kunoonekwa kana zviratidzo zvikaonekwa.
Nguva yekushanda chikamu chemufananidzo mumwe chete. Mutemo weMaawa Ekushanda (Arbeidstijdenwet) unotara maawa ekushanda akanyanya uye nguva shoma yekuzorora, uye nguva yekuwedzera inotyora miganhu iyoyo humbowo hwenzvimbo yebasa isina kurongeka zvakanaka pamwe nemhosva pachayo. Vashandirwi vanocherechedza maitiro akanaka ebasa vanoongorora maawa chaiwo anoshandiswa, kwete maawa ane zvibvumirano.
Mushandirwi anofanirawo kunge aine chibvumirano chakanyorwa nechiremba wehutano hwebasa kana wekambani. Chibvumirano ichocho chinofanira kuvimbisa chiremba wekambani kupinda mahara kubasa, nguva yekubvunzana nevashandi inogona kushandiswa vasati vataura kuti vanorwara, uye kodzero yemushandi yekukumbira imwe pfungwa kubva kune mumwe chiremba wekambani. Pfungwa yechipiri ikodzero yemushandi uye mutengo unobhadharwa nemushandirwi.
Kuita zvinoenderana nezviratidzo ndiyo bvunzo huru
Mubvunzo mumwe chete unosarudza nyaya dzakawanda dzekuneta hausi wekuti basa rakawanda here asi kuti mushandirwi akapindura here pazvakava pachena kuti rakawandisa. Zviratidzo zvekuti dare richazvitora sezviri pachena zvinosanganisira kusavapo kwenguva pfupi kakawanda, mushandi anotaura muongororo yekushanda kuti basa harigoneki, kushanda manheru nekupera kwevhiki kunoonekwa mumasisitimu, nzvimbo isina vanhu ine mabasa akagoverwazve chinyararire, uye zvichemo pamusoro pemaneja zvakashumwa ndokuzosiyiwa ega.
Mushandirwi anogamuchira chiratidzo chakadaro uye asingaite chinhu chinoyerwa anofumurwa. Mushandirwi anoderedza basa, anogovera mabasa patsva, anounza rutsigiro, anonyora chibvumirano uye anochiongorora zvakare anenge aita zvinodiwa nebasa rekutarisira, kunyangwe mushandi achiri kuneta.
Zvinofanira kuitwa nemushandi kubva pazuva rekutanga rekurwara
Mushandi anotaura kuti arwara pazuva rekutanga rekusakwanisa kushanda, zuva rekushanda risati ratanga kana panguva yakatarwa muchibvumirano chebasa , bhuku revashandi kana chibvumirano chevashandi pamwe chete. Kunyora nguva yasvika, kana kumunhu asiri iye, ndicho chikanganiso chinowanzoitika uye chinogona kudzivirirwa, nekuti chinobvumira mushandirwi kumisa kubhadhara kusvika mitemo yatevedzerwa.
Zvinogona kubvunzwa nemushandirwi uye zvisingafaniri kubvunzwa
Mushandi haafanirwe kutaura kuti chii chiri kunetsa. Ruzivo rwehutano idata remunhu rakasiyana pasi peGDPR, uye Dutch Data Protection Authority inotora chinzvimbo chekuti mushandirwi haafanire kubvunza nezvemhando yezvichemo, chirwere kana kurapwa, uye haafanire kunyora ruzivo rwakadaro kunyangwe mushandi achizvipira kurwunyora. Zvinogona kubvunzwa nemushandirwi zvine muganho uye zvinoshanda: nguva inotarisirwa yekusavapo, kero kwaanogona kusvikwa nemushandi, kuti ndeapi mabasa anofanira kugadzwa, kungave kusavapo kwakabatana netsaona yebasa kana tsaona iyo munhu wechitatu anofanira kupomerwa, uye kana imwe yezvirongwa zvekuchengetedza zveSickness Benefits Act ingashanda.
Zvese zvehutano zvinoenda kuna chiremba wekambani, uyo anoudza mushandirwi chete maererano nezvisingakwanisike uye mikana. Mushandirwi anomanikidza ruzivo rwezvehutano, kana anobvunza vaanoshanda navo, ari kugadzirisa data rehutano zvisiri pamutemo; miganhu yacho yakatsanangurwa zvakadzama mugwaro redu rezororo rekurwara uye zvakavanzika.
Kushandira pamwe nekupora uye kudzokera kumhuri itsva
Mushandi anofanira kuenda kumisangano nachiremba wekambani, kusvikika panguva dzakabvumiranwa, kutevedzera mirairo inonzwisisika yakanangana nekupora, kurega maitiro anotadzisa kana kunonoka kupora, uye kugamuchira basa rakakodzera kana richipiwa. Basa rakakodzera (passende arbeid) zvinoreva basa rinoenderana nehunyanzvi hwemushandi, tichifunga nezvekudzidziswa, basa rekare uye zvipingamupinyi zvehutano. Harifanirwe kunge riri basa rekutanga uye, gare gare mumakore maviri, harifanirwe kunge riri remushandirwi mumwe chete.
Zvirango zvekukundikana kuita mabasa aya ndezvechokwadi uye ndezvekukurumidza. Kana mushandi akasatevedzera mitemo yemushandirwi yekutarisa kusavapo, mushandirwi anogona kumisa muhoro kusvika mitemo yatevedzerwa, uye muhoro unobhadharwa mushure mekunge waitwa. Kana mushandi akaramba basa rakakodzera, akatadzisa kupora kana kuramba kushandira pamwe nehurongwa hwekuita pasina chikonzero chakakodzera, mushandirwi anogona kumisa muhoro zvachose kwenguva yekuramba, uye mari iyoyo haizodzoserwi gare gare. Matanho ese ari maviri anoda kuti mushandirwi ayambire mushandi nekukasika uye nekunyora asati aashandisa; kumira muhoro kwakaiswa pasina chiziviso hakushande. Kudyidzana pakati pemabasa aya nezvirango kwakanyorwa mugwaro redu rekudzoserwa muhukama mushure mekurwara nezvirango zvemuhoro.
Kana mushandi nemushandirwi vasingabvumirani pamusoro pekuti basa rakakodzera zvechokwadi here, kana kuti kuedza kudzoserwa kwevanhu mubazi kwakakwana here, chero bato ripi zvaro rinogona kukumbira UWV kuti riwane pfungwa yenyanzvi (deskundigenoordeel). Hazvisungi, asi dare rinozvipa simba guru, uye kazhinji ndiyo nzira yakachipa yekubuda nayo mukusawirirana. Kana gakava riri pamusoro pehukama kwete chinzvimbo chekurapa, kuyananisa mugakava revashandi kazhinji ndiyo nzira inokurumidza, uye vanachiremba vekambani vanogara vachipa mazano kana kusavapo kwacho kuine gakava pamudzi waro.
Bhadhara panguva yezororo rekurwara uye mutemo wemakore maviri
Chinyorwa 7:629 cheDutch Civil Code chinomanikidza mushandirwi kuramba achibhadhara mari inosvika 70 muzana yemuhoro kwemavhiki zana nemana ekusakwanisa kushanda. Mumavhiki makumi mashanu nemaviri ekutanga muripo iwoyo ungasave pasi pemuhoro wepasi wepamutemo unoshanda kumushandi; kubva pavhiki rechi53 zvichienda mberi, 70 muzana yemuhoro inoshanda pasina kuwedzerwa mari iyoyo, ndosaka gore rechipiri rekurwara richinyanya kuoma mushandi.
Zvibvumirano zvizhinji zvebasa uye zvinenge zvese zvibvumirano zvevashandi pamwe chete zvinovandudzika zvichienderana nemutemo, kazhinji nekubhadhara zana muzana mugore rekutanga uye makumi manomwe muzana mugore rechipiri. Izvozvo ikodzero yechibvumirano uye zvinomanikidzwa saizvozvo. Zvimwe zvibvumirano zvevashandi pamwe chete zvinoita kuti kuwedzerwa kwegore rechipiri kuenderane nekubatana kunoratidzwa nekubatanidzwazve, izvo zviri pamutemo uye zviri kuwedzera kuwanda. Chibvumirano chevashandi pamwe chete chinoshanda ndicho gwaro rekutanga rekutarisa gakava ripi zvaro pamusoro pemubhadharo wekurwara, nekuti kazhinji chinodarika mitemo yekusashanda zvakanaka zvichibatsira mushandi.
Dzimwe pfungwa mbiri dzinowanzo furatirwa. Mushandirwi anogona kubvumirana mazuva maviri ekumirira pakutanga kwenguva yega yega yekurwara, asi chete kana izvozvo zvikabvumiranwa zvakananga mukunyora; pasina chibvumirano, mihoro inotangira pazuva rekutanga. Uye kodzero yezororo inoramba ichiwanda panguva yekurwara, sezvinoita mari yepensheni pasi pezvirongwa zvakawanda, saka mushandi anodzoka mushure mekusavapo kwenguva refu anowanzo wedzera mari yezororo.
Zvibvumirano zvenguva yakatarwa zvinopera panguva yekurwara
Kodzero dzekubhadhara vanorwara hadzibvi parudzi rwechibvumirano, asi nguva yemakore maviri inobva pakondirakiti inogara kwenguva yakareba kudaro. Kondirakiti yenguva yakatarwa inopera pazuva rayo rekupedzisira rakabvumiranwa kunyangwe mushandi achirwara, uye hapana mvumo inodiwa paizvozvo. Kubva pazuva iroro mubhadharo wemushandirwi unomira uye mushandi anodzokera kuSickness Benefits Act (Ziektewet), inotungamirwa neUWV, iyo inozotorawo maitiro ekudzoserwa muhukama.
Mushandirwi anofanira kuzivisa UWV nezvechirwere chake pasati papera zuva rekupedzisira rekushanda uye opa faira rekudzoka kubasa. Hukuru hwefaira iroro hunoenderana nekuti chirwere chacho chagara kwenguva yakareba sei pakupera kwechibvumirano: kusavapo kwenguva pfupi hakudi zvakawanda, kusavapo kwemwedzi yakati wandei kunoda magwaro akazara. Kukundikana kunyora mushumo uyu kunogona kutungamira ku faindi uye kuti mushandirwi abhadharwe mari yerubatsiro, saka zvakakosha kunyora zuva rekupedzisira rechibvumirano chenguva yakatarwa icho mumwe munhu asingarware.
Nguva yekudzoserwa kwevanhu muhurumende pasi pemutemo weGatekeeper Improvement Act
Mutemo weGatekeeper Improvement Act unoisa matanho akatevedzana kune vese vari vaviri, rimwe nerimwe riine nguva yaro yekupedzisira. Nguva dzekupedzisira dzinoverengwa kubva pazuva rekutanga rekurwara uye hadzifambi. Kushaikwa kwadzo ndicho chikanganiso chimwe chete chinodhura zvikuru chingaitwa nemushandirwi, nekuti pakupera kwemakore maviri UWV inoongorora faira uye inogona kuwedzera mubhadharo kusvika kumavhiki makumi mashanu nemaviri kana kushanda nesimba kwacho kusina kukwana.
- Vhiki 1: Mushandirwi anozivisa chirwere chacho kuna chiremba webasa rezvehutano kana wekambani, mukati memazuva manomwe kubva pazuva rekutanga rekurwara.
- Vhiki 6: Chiremba wekambani anonyora ongororo yedambudziko, achitsanangura zvisingakwanisike, kugona kwasara uye mikana yekudzokera.
- Vhiki 8: mushandirwi nemushandi pamwe chete vanogadzira hurongwa hwekuita (plan van aanpak) zvichibva pakuongorora ikoko, uye mumwe nemumwe anogadza maneja wenyaya.
- Mavhiki matanhatu ega ega: mapato anoongorora kufambira mberi uye anonyora mhedzisiro yacho nekunyora.
- Vhiki rechi52: ongororo yegore rekutanga, umo mapato anonyora zvakaitwa uye voisa chinangwa chegore rechipiri.
- Vhiki 42: mushandirwi anoudza UWV nezvekurwara kwenguva refu.
- Vhiki rechi88: UWV inonyorera mushandi nezvekunyorera rubatsiro rweWIA; kunyorera kunowanzoitwa muvhiki rechi93.
- Vhiki 104: mubhadharo unoguma, kunze kwekunge UWV yaisa chirango chemuhoro.
Kurongeka kuri murondedzero iyoyo kwakaitwa nemaune: kuzivisa kwevhiki rechi42 kuUWV kuri nyore kukanganwa nekuti hapana chimwe chinoitika chakakomberedza.
Nziyo yekutanga, nzira yechipiri uye chisungo chekupa vanhu basa idzva
Kudzorerwa kubasa kunoitika nenzira mbiri. Nzira yekutanga ndeyekudzoka kubasa nemushandirwi, pabasa rekutanga, pabasa rekutanga rine kugadziriswa, kana mune imwe nzvimbo yakakodzera mukati mesangano. Mushandirwi anofanira kugadzirisa mabasa, maawa, nguva dzekushanda nenzvimbo yebasa kusvika pazvinogoneka, uye anofanira kufunga nezvebasa rega rega risina munhu musangano, kwete mudhipatimendi remushandi chete.
Kana kudzoka mukati mesangano zvikasaita, kana kuti zvikasabudirira, nzira yechipiri inotanga: kuiswa kwakarongeka nemumwe mushandirwi, kazhinji kuburikidza nesangano rakakosha. Nzira yechipiri inowanzo kutanga kwete mushure megore rekutanga rekuongorora, uye kutanga kunonoka ndicho chimwe chezvikonzero zvinowanzoita kuti pave nechirango chemuhoro. Kutanga nzira yekutanga neyechipiri panguva imwe chete kunobvumirwa uye kazhinji ndiyo nzira yakachengeteka kana kupora kusina chokwadi.
Zvisungo izvi zvekudzokera kubasa zvinopindirana. Mushandi anoramba kutora chikamu muchikamu chechipiri, kana anoramba nzvimbo yakakodzera, anogona kumira muhoro uye, pakupedzisira, kudzingwa basa. Mushandirwi anotadza kunyora zvaari kuita achaona kuti UWV inoongorora faira pane zvakanyorwa pasi, kwete pane zvaitarisirwa.
Chirango chemuhoro
Pakupera kwemakore maviri, UWV inoongorora mushumo wekudzorerwa kubasa. Kana ikagumisa kuti mushandirwi haana kushanda nesimba pasina chikonzero chakanaka, inowedzera mutoro wekuramba achibhadhara mihoro kusvika kumavhiki makumi mashanu nemaviri. Munguva iyoyo, kurambidzwa kwekudzingwa basa kunoramba kuchienderera mberi, saka mushandirwi anochengeta mari yacho nemushandi. Chirango chinogona kupfupikiswa kana mushandirwi akagadzirisa zvasara, ndosaka kutora danho nekukurumidza kwakakodzera. Chirango chakaiswa nekuti chiremba wekambani akaita chikanganiso chichiri kuwira pamushandirwi, uyo anogona kuzova nechikumbiro chekupokana nebazi rezvehutano hwebasa.
Kana mushandirwi aine mhosva yekuneta
Mutoro wekutsva nebasa unosarudzwa pasi peChikamu 7:658 cheDutch Civil Code, kazhinji pamwe chete nemutemo wakanaka wekushanda pabasa weChikamu 7:611. Maumbirwo eChikamu 7:658 akanaka kumushandi kana chipingamupinyi chekutanga chagadziriswa: mushandi anofanira kuratidza kukuvara kwaakaita pakuita basa, mushure mezvo mushandirwi ane mhosva kunze kwekunge zvaratidza kuti akatevedzera basa rake rekutarisira, kana kuti kukuvara kwacho kwakakonzerwa zvakanyanya nechinangwa chemushandi kana kusangwarira nemaune.
Dambudziko rekutanga nderokuti zvichemo zvekukuvara kwepfungwa zvinowanzokundikana. Kukuvara mumuviri kunowanzo taura wega; kukuvara kwepfungwa hakudaro. Mushandi anofanira kuona kuti mamiriro ekushanda aive nengozi chaiyo, kwete kungoonekwa seane njodzi chete, uye anofanira kuita kuti hukama huripo pakati pemamiriro iwayo nekukuvadzwa kwehutano huvepo. Matare anogara achisiyanisa basa rakaoma, kurongeka kusingafadzi kana kusawirirana kwehunhu, izvo zvisingakodzeri, kubva pakuwedzerwa kwechimiro, kushungurudzwa kwenguva refu, kutyisidzirwa kana hutsinye, izvo zvinoita. Mabasa aya emushandirwi akaomarara, asi haasi vimbiso yekuneta kwese.
Zvinofanira kuratidzwa nemushandi
Zvinhu zvitatu zvinofanira kuenderana usati wabudirira chikumbiro:
- Mamiriro ekushanda ane njodzi. Zvinonzwisisika uye zvinosimbiswa: maawa akashanda, nhamba dzebasa, mabasa asina kuzadzwa, mameseji ane mazuva uye maemail, mishumo yezviitiko, zvakataurwa nevanoshanda navo, mazano ehutano hwebasa asina kupindurwa.
- Chikonzero. Kubatana kuri pachena pakati pemamiriro ezvinhu iwayo nekukuvara kwepfungwa, ndosaka magwaro ekurapa nenguva yekunyunyuta kwacho zvichikosha zvikuru.
- Kutyorwa kwebasa rekutarisira. Kuti mushandirwi aiziva kana kuti aifanira kunge akaziva uye akakundikana kutora matanho angadai akakumbirwa kuti aite.
Chidzidzo chinoshanda ndechekuti nyaya idzi dzinokundwa uye dzinorasika. Mushandi akasimudza basa nemuromo ndokusiya basa racho asina kana chaanoita; mushandi akasimbisa hurukuro yacho neemail, akachengeta mhinduro uye anogona kuratidza kuti hapana chakachinja ane nyaya. Izvi zvinoshandawo kune rimwe divi: mushandirwi ane mutemo wakanyorwa pamusoro pemaitiro asina kunaka, maitiro ekunyorerana zvichemo anoshanda, mupi wezano wepachivande akagadzwa, kuongororwa kwenjodzi kuripo kufukidza kumanikidzwa kwebasa, uye gwaro rakanyorwa rematanho akatorwa mushure mechiratidzo, ari munzvimbo yakasimba kunyangwe kuneta kwacho kwaive kwechokwadi uye kwakanyanya.
Chii chinogona kutorwa, uye mukati menguva ipi
Zvakakuvadzwa pasi peChinyorwa 7:658 zvinofukidza kurasikirwa nemari isingabhadharwe nemari yemuhoro kana mabhenefiti, mari yekurapwa, mari yerubatsiro rwemumba, uye kana kukuvara kwacho kwaonekwa, muripo wekukuvara kusiri kwechinhu chikuru. Mari yekurwara yatogamuchirwa inobviswa. Chikumbiro chekukuvara kwemunhu chinoiswa muganho wemakore mashanu kubva pazuva iro mushandi aiziva nezvekukuvadzwa kwacho nebato rine mhosva, uye kugara kwenguva refu kwemakore makumi maviri kubva pachiitiko chinokuvadza, saka mushandi anofungidzira kukuvara kwakabatana nebasa haafanire kumirira kupera kwemakore maviri ekurwara asati awana zano.
Kuzvidavirira nekudzorerwa kumhuri inyaya dzakasiyana. Mushandirwi anogona kutevedzera Gatekeeper Improvement Act asi achizove nemhosva yekukonzera kutsva, uye mushandirwi asina mhosva zvachose anogona kurangwa nemuhoro nekuda kwefaira rekudzoka kumhuri risina kusimba. Kuvhiringidza vaviri ava kunoita kuti vashandirwi vadzivirire pfungwa isiriyo.
Kudzingwa basa mushure mekurwara kwenguva refu
Mumavhiki ekutanga zana nemana ekusakwanisa kushanda, mushandirwi haafanire kumisa basa nekuda kwekurwara. Kurambidzwa kuri muChikamu 7:670 cheDutch Civil Code kurambidzwa kupa chiziviso, uye kunochengetedza mushandi kwemakore maviri akazara, zvichitanga zvakare kubva pakutanga kana mushandi akapora ndokurwara zvakare mushure mekumbomira kwemavhiki anopfuura mana.
Kurambidzwa uku hakusi kwakakwana. Hakushandi panguva yekuedzwa , kana mushandi achinge adzingwa basa nekuda kwechikonzero chekukurumidzira, kana mushandi achibvumirana nekunyora, kana bhizinesi kana kambani ikavhara. Zvinorambawo kushanda kana mushandi akaramba pasina chikonzero chakakodzera chekushandira pamwe nekubatanidzwazve kana nachiremba wekambani, asi chete mushure mekunge mushandirwi atanga anyevera mushandi nekunyora uye amisa muhoro. Kusvetuka danho iroro kunouraya kudzingwa basa.
Nzira yacho mushure memakore maviri
Kana mavhiki zana nemana apera, kudzingwa basa nekuda kwekusakwanisa kwenguva refu kunokwanisika. Mushandirwi anoda mvumo kubva kuUWV, uye UWV inoibvumira chete kana mushandi achiri kutadza kuita basa rakabvumiranwa, kupora mukati memavhiki makumi maviri nematanhatu hakutarisirwi, uye mushandi haagone kupihwa basa idzva mukati menguva iyoyo munzvimbo yakakodzera, kungave nekudzidziswa kana kwete. Mamiriro iwayo anowanzo unganidzwa, uye UWV inotarisawo kana kuedza kudzoserwa kwebasa kwakaringana; faira risina simba rinopa chirango chemuhoro pane mvumo. Imwe nzira, mapato anogona kugumisa chibvumirano nekubvumirana muchibvumirano chekugadzirisa, icho chinodzivisa maitiro uye ndizvo zvinoitika muzviitiko zvakawanda. Kana mushandirwi achida kuva nechokwadi chekuti maitiro acho akamira, kutora zano usati watanga kwakachipa pane kugadzirisa mushure mezvo, uye zvakafanana zvinoshanda kune chero imwe nzira yekumisa basa muNetherlands.
Mushandi ane kodzero yekubhadhara mari yekuchinja basa (transitievergoeding), inoverengerwa mukati menguva yese yebasa kusanganisira makore maviri ekurwara. Mushandirwi anogona kunyorera kuUWV kuti aripiwe muripo iwoyo pasi pechirongwa chemuripo wekusakwanisa kushanda kwenguva refu, zvichienderana nemiganhu yemutemo, iyo inobvisa chikonzero chikuru chemari chaimbova nacho vashandirwi chekusiya makondirakiti asina kushanda.
Hukama hwebasa husina kugadzikana
Kusiya chibvumirano chebasa mushure memakore maviri ekurwara, pasina basa uye pasina muhoro, kungodzivirira kubhadhara muripo wekuchinja, hazvitenderwi. Mukutonga kwaro kwakaitwa musi wa8 Mbudzi 2019 munyaya yeXella (ECLI:NL:HR:2019:1734) Dare Repamusorosoro rakati tsika yakanaka yebasa inoda kuti mushandirwi, musimboti, abvume chikumbiro chemushandi chekugumisa hukama hwebasa husina kumira zvakanaka nekubhadhara muripo wekuchinja wepamutemo. Mushandirwi anogona kuramba chete kana aine chido chechokwadi chekuchengetedza chibvumirano chiripo, semuenzaniso tarisiro chaiyo yekuti mushandi achadzokera kubasa. Mushandi ane chibvumirano chakasiyiwa asina kushanda anogona kutora danho, uye anofanira.
Zvekuita izvozvi
Kune mushandi, chinhu chikuru mumavhiki ekutanga ndechekutevera maitiro kwete pamutemo. Taura nezvekurwara panguva uye nenzira yakatarwa, chengeta nguva yekusangana nachiremba wekambani, nyora chero chinhu chakakosha, uye chengeta makopi ekuongorora dambudziko, hurongwa hwekuita uye ongororo yega yega. Kana ongororo yachiremba wekambani ichiita seisina kunaka, kumbira imwe pfungwa kubva kune mumwe chiremba wekambani; kana kusawirirana kuripo nemushandirwi nezvebasa rakakodzera kana muhoro, bvunza UWV kuti uwane pfungwa yenyanzvi gakava risati raoma. Usasaina chibvumirano chekugadzirisa kana uchirwara usina zano, nekuti kugumisa chibvumirano mumakore maviri ekutanga kunowanzoita kuti mushandi abhadhare murwere pamwe nemari yerubatsiro.
Kune mushandirwi, chinhu chinonyanya kukosha ifaira. Iva nechokwadi chekuti kuongororwa kwenjodzi kuripo uye kunofukidza kumanikidzwa kwebasa, kuti chibvumirano chekutanga neOccupational Health Service chiripo, uye kuti chiratidzo chega chega nezvebasa chinopindurwa nekunyora nechiyero uye zuva rekutevera. Kana munhu arwara, chengeta nguva yekupedzisira yeGatekeeper Improvement Act, tanga nzira yechipiri nenguva, uye nyora nhanho yega yega. Usambobvunza nezvechirwere, uye usamboisa kumira kwemuhoro pasina yambiro yakanyorwa kutanga. Kana paine kusava nechokwadi kwechokwadi nezvekuti kusavapo kuripo here, nzira inopfuura nachiremba wekambani uye maonero enyanzvi, kwete kuburikidza nekutarisana; gwara redu rezvekuita kana mushandi akanzi arwara asi achiratidzika kunge anokwanisa kushanda rinotsanangura matanho anomira.
Law & More inopa mazano pamusoro pekuneta nekushanda nesimba muNetherlands, ichishandira vashandirwi nevashandi vari pazororo rekurwara, kudzokera kumhuri itsva, zvirango zvemihoro, mutoro wevashandirwi wekuneta nekushanda nesimba kudzingwa basa mushure mekurwara kwenguva refu, kubva pamushumo wekutanga wekurwara kusvika kunyaya dzakaitwa pamberi pedare redunhu. Magwaro emutemo webasa weDutch taurai nezvenyaya dziri pedyo neni zvakadzama. Kana muchibata nekusashanda kwenguva refu, kumira kubhadhara, sarudzo yeUWV kana chikumbiro chekukuvara kwepfungwa, magweta edu ebasa achaongorora faira racho uye otsanangura sarudzo. Ndapota taurai nesu kuti tikurukurei nezvemamiriro enyu ezvinhu.
Mibvunzo inowanzobvunzwa
Ndezvipi zvinodiwa nemutemo kuti vashandirwi vadzivise kuneta pakati pevashandi muNetherlands?
Mutemo weDutch unoda kuti vashandirwi vashande semushandirwi akanaka pasi peChikamu 7:611 cheDutch Civil Code uye kupa nzvimbo yebasa yakachengeteka uye ine hutano pasi peChikamu 7:658. Unofanira kupa nzvimbo yebasa ine hutano uye yakachengeteka ine zvishandiso zvakakodzera, maawa ekushanda ane mwero pamwe nekuzorora, uye kodzero yezororo. Mushandirwi wako ane basa rekutarisira kudzivirira kuwanda kwebasa rinogona kukonzera kuneta. Kana mushandirwi wako akatadza kugadzira mamiriro ekushanda akachengeteka, anogona kupiwa mhosva yekukuvadzwa pasi peChikamu 7:658 cheDutch Civil Code. Vashandirwi vanofanirwa kushanda nesimba kudzivirira kutanga kwekushushikana nekupera simba kubasa. Izvi zvinoreva kutarisa mabasa uye kugadzirisa njodzi dzinogona kuitika dzehutano dzisati dzakonzera kukuvadza vashandi.
Kushushikana nebasa uye kurwara zvinotsanangurwa sei pasi pemutemo webasa wekuNetherlands?
Pasi pemutemo webasa wekuNetherlands, kurwara kunosanganisira chero chirwere chinoita kuti zvikuomere kana kuti zvisakwanise kuti uite mabasa ako ebasa. Izvi zvinosanganisira matambudziko ehutano hwemuviri nehwepfungwa. Kuneta kunowanikwa pasi petsanangudzo iyi sechirwere chinozivikanwa chinokonzerwa nebasa. Dambudziko iri rinogona kukonzerwa nezvinhu zvebasa zvakaita sekushanda zvakanyanya kana mamiriro ekushanda asina kunaka. Chiremba wekambani ndiye ega munhu ane mvumo yekuongorora kana usingakwanise kushanda nekuda kwekurwara. Chiremba wako kana chiremba wemushandirwi wako havagone kusarudza izvi.
Matanho api anofanira kutorwa nemushandi kana aine zviratidzo zvekurwara kana kuneta kubasa?
Unofanira kuudza mushandirwi wako nezvekurwara kwako kubva pazuva rekutanga rausingakwanise kushanda. Kutevera nzira dzakakodzera kubva pazuva rekutanga kwakakosha, sezvo kukundikana kuita izvi kunogona kubvumira mushandirwi wako kukumisa mari yako. Kana kurwara kwako kukaramba kuripo kwenguva inopfuura vhiki imwe, chiremba wekambani anowanzo danwa kuti aongorore mamiriro ako. Unofanira kushanda pamwe chete nemaitiro aya ekuongorora. Une basa rekushandira pamwe kuti upore uye kutora chikamu mukuedza kudzoserwa kusangano. Iri ibasa rakabatana pakati pako nemushandirwi wako.
Vashandirwi vekuNetherlands vanosungirwa kupa hurongwa hwekudzoserwa kwevashandi vavo kubva mukurwara kwenguva refu here?
Ehe, kana kurwara kwako kukaramba kuripo, iwe nemushandirwi wako munofanira kugadzira hurongwa hwekuita kuti mudzoserwe kubasa renyu. Kukudzoserai kubasa ndicho chinangwa chemativi ese ari maviri. Kana musingakwanise kuita basa renyu rekutanga asi muchikwanisa kuita mamwe mabasa, imi nemushandirwi wenyu munofanira kubvuma "basa rakakodzera". Kudzoserwa uku kunogona kuitika mukati mekambani yemushandirwi wenyu kana kunze kwayo. Hurongwa hwekudzoserwa hunofanirwa pasi pemutemo weDutch. Mapato ese ari maviri anofanira kutora chikamu mukugadzira nekutevera hurongwa uhwu.
Ndedzipi kodzero dzemushandi maererano nezororo rekurwara uye muripo unoramba uchibhadharwa kana akarwara nekuda kwebasa muNetherlands?
Mushandirwi wako anofanira kuramba achikubhadhara mari inosvika 70% yemari yako mukati memavhiki zana nemana ekutanga ekurwara. Mubhadharo uyu unoshanda pasinei nekuti chirwere chako chine chekuita nebasa here. Unoramba uine chibvumirano chako chebasa munguva ino. Mushandirwi wako haakwanise kuderedza mari yako pasi pe70% yepamutemo mumakore maviri aya. Mushure memavhiki zana nemana ekurwara, mubhadharo wemushandirwi wako wekuramba uchibhadhara mari yemuhoro unopera. Panguva ino, mitemo yakasiyana inoshanda pabasa rako.
Mushandi anogona kudzingwa basa nekuda kwekurwara kwenguva refu here, uye dziviriro dzipi dzavanadzo pasi pemutemo weDutch?
Mushandirwi wako haakwanise kumisa basa rako kana kukudzinga mukati memavhiki ekutanga zana nemana ekurwara. Dziviriro iyi inokupa nguva yekupora uye kuedza kudzokera kubasa. Mushure memavhiki zana nemana, kana uchiri kukwanisa kudzokera kubasa rako rekare, mushandirwi wako anogona kukumbira UWV (Dutch Employee Insurance Agency) mvumo yekumisa chibvumirano chako chebasa. Mvumo inofanira kupihwa usati wapedza basa.
