Kurambana kwemunhu mumwe chete muNetherlands kana mumwe wako asingabvumirani

Kurambana kwemunhu mumwe chete muNetherlands kurambana kunopihwa kana mumwe wevakaroorana vasina mvumo yemumwe. Mutemo weDutch haudi chibvumirano: pasi pechinyorwa 1:151 cheDutch Civil Code dare rinoputsa muchato nekuda kwekuputsika kusingadzoreki (duurzame ontwrichting) kana mumwe wevakaroorana kana vese vari vaviri vakumbira. Mukadzi kana murume kana mukadzi anoramba kushandira pamwe haakwanise kumisa kurambana. Chingaitwa nemukadzi iyeye kukwikwidzana nehurongwa hwacho uye kunonotsa maitiro acho, ndipo panowanikwa basa guru.

Mudzimai wako haafanirwe kubvumirana

Pane chikonzero chimwe chete chekurambana mumutemo weDutch uye kuparara kusingagadzirisiki: muchato waparara kusvika pakuti kuramba muchigara pamwe chete kwave kusingatsungiririki uye hapana mukana wekugadzirisa hukama hwemuchato hwakakodzera. Hapana chikonzero chekuratidza mhosva, upombwe kana chimwe chikonzero, uye hapana nguva yekuparadzana yekutanga. Muchokwadi dare rinobvuma kuti muchato waparara zvisingagadzirisiki kana mumwe wevakaroorana akaramba aine maonero iwayo, nekuti chokwadi chekuti mumwe munhu anosimbirira pakurambana ndicho humbowo hwakajeka hwekuti hukama hahugone kudzorerwa.

Ndosaka mubvunzo unowanzo bvunzwa nevanhu, wekuti kana mumwe wako anogona kurambidza kurambana, une mhinduro pfupi: kwete. Chingaitwa nemumwe wako asingade kurambana kuendesa dziviriro, kupokana nehurongwa hwevana, kuchengetedza nekugovaniswa kwepfuma, kukumbira kuti nyaya yacho imbomira, uye kukwidza nyaya yacho pamusoro pechisarudzo chacho. Chimwe nechimwe chazvo idanho repamutemo uye chimwe nechimwe chazvo chinotora nguva. Zvisinei, kurambana pachako hakusi mubvunzo chaiwo.

Mutemo weDutch unobvuma nzira mbiri. Chikumbiro chemubatanidzwa (gemeenschappelijk verzoek) chinoendeswa nevakaroorana vese zvichibva pabvumirano ravakabvumirana, rinowanzo nyorwa muchibvumirano chekurambana (echtscheidingsconvenant). Chikumbiro chemumwe murume kana mukadzi (eenzijdig verzoek) chinoendeswa nemumwe murume kana mukadzi uye chinopihwa kune mumwe, uyo anozova mupinduri. Nzira yemumwe murume kana mukadzi haisi chiito chehasha pachayo; ingori nzira iripo yemamiriro ezvinhu apo chikumbiro chemubatanidzwa hachigoneki, uye nyaya dzakawanda dzemumwe murume kana mukadzi dzinoguma nebvumirano pamberi pekutongwa.

Maitiro ekuita chimwe chinhu chimwe chete, nhanho nenhanho

Chikumbiro chekurambana chinofanira kuendeswa negweta (gweta); murume kana mukadzi haakwanise kuchiendesa ega. Chikumbiro ichi chinoenda kudare redunhu redunhu raanogara munyoreri, uye munyaya dzine chikamu chepasi rose cheBrussels IIb Regulation ndicho chinosarudza kuti dare ripi rine simba muEuropean Union, rinowanzo enderana nekugara kana rudzi rwemhuri pane kuti muchato wacho wakaitirwa kupi.

Chikumbiro ichi chinotsanangura chikonzero chekurambana uye zvikumbiro zvekuwedzera: gadziriro dzevana, mari yekuchengeta murume nemukadzi, kushandiswa kwemba yemhuri, kugovaniswa kwepfuma kana kugadziriswa kwechibvumirano chemuchato, uye kuenzana kwepenjeni. Chinopihwa mumwe murume nemuridzi wedare, uye dare rinotara nguva iyo dziviriro (verweerschrift) inogona kuendeswa. Pasi pemitemo yedare, nguva iyoyo inowanzova mavhiki matanhatu, uye kuwedzerwa nguva kunowanzo bvumidzwa kana akumbira. Mupomerwi anogona kushandisa dziviriro kupikisa zvikumbiro zvekuwedzera uye kuita zvikumbiro zvake, izvo zvinozova chikamu chenyaya imwe chete.

Kana pasina dziviriro yakaendeswa, dare rinogona kusarudza pamapepa uye kurambana kunowanzo taurwa mukati memwedzi mishoma. Kana dziviriro ikaendeswa, kana kuti kana paine vana vadiki, dare rinowanzo ronga kutongwa kwenyaya. Chisarudzo chinotevera murairo wedare (beschikking). Mapato ese ari maviri anogona kukwidza nyaya kudare repamusoro mukati memwedzi mitatu kubva pazuva remutongo, uye mushure mezvo kukwidza nyaya kuDare Repamusorosoro kunogoneka pamitemo. Kana vaviri vakaroorana vagamuchira mutongo, vanogona kunyora kugamuchirwa ikoko mugwaro rekubvuma (akte van berusting), izvo zvinoita kuti mutongo uve wekupedzisira nekukasika panzvimbo pemwedzi mitatu.

Danho rimwe chete riri nyore kufuratira uye rine njodzi kukanganwa. Kurambana kunotanga kushanda chete kana sarudzo yanyorwa mumarejista ehurumende padunhu rakanyoreswa muchato. Kupinda ikoko kunofanirwa kuitwa mukati memwedzi mitanhatu mushure mekunge sarudzo yapera. Kana nguva yekupedzisira ikapfuura pasina kunyoreswa, sarudzo yacho inorasikirwa nesimba rayo uye maitiro ese anofanira kutangazve.

Matanho echinguvana panguva yekurambana kuchiri kumirira

Kurambana kunokakavadzana kunogona kutora mwedzi yakawanda, uye panguva ino vanhu vaviri vasingachadi kugara pamwe chete vachiri kugara mumba imwe chete, mari yebhangi uye, kazhinji, vana. Maitiro ekuDutch ane nzira chaiyo yekugadzirisa nguva iyoyo: matanho echinguvana (voorlopige voorzieningen) pasi pezvinyorwa 821 uye zvinotevera zveDutch Code of Civil Procedure. Dare rinogona kusarudza kuti ndeupi murume kana mukadzi angashandisa imba yemhuri kunze kwemumwe, kuti vana vachagara kupi uye kuti ndeapi marongero ekuonana anoshanda, uye kuti ndeapi mari yekuchengeta inobhadharwa panguva iyoyo.

Matanho aya anokurumidza: kunzwiwa kwenyaya kunowanzo nyorwa mukati memavhiki mashoma uye matanho acho anotanga kushanda ipapo ipapo. Ndeenguva pfupi, anoramba aripo kusvika kurambana kwanyorwa uye hurongwa hwekupedzisira hwatanga, uye hahusarudze mhedzisiro yenyaya huru. Mumamiriro ezvinhu apo mumwe murume kana mukadzi anoramba kuroora kana kuroorwa zvachose, kana kuti kugara pasi pemba imwe chete kusingatenderwi, iyi inowanzova yekutanga kuita chikumbiro pane yekupedzisira.

Kana paine kutyisidzirwa kwemhirizhonga kana kutyisidzirwa, nzira yacho yakasiyana uye inokurumidza kupfuura. Chirango chenguva pfupi (huisverbod) chinogona kupihwa nameya, uye mutongi wenguva pfupi anogona kuisa chirambidzo chekutaura kana murairo wekubuda mumba. Chero ani zvake ari pachinzvimbo ichocho anofanira kuzvitaura negweta pamusangano wekutanga, nekuti zvinoshandura kurongeka kwedanho rega rega.

Vana: hurongwa hwekurera vana kana mumwe mubereki asingazobatsirane

Vakaroorana vane vana vadiki vanofanira kutumira hurongwa hwekurera vana (ouderschapsplan) pamwe nechikumbiro chekurambana, pasi pechikamu 815 cheDutch Code of Civil Procedure. Chinotara kuti vana vachagara kupi, kuti kuchengetwa nekurerwa kwakakamurwa sei, kuti vabereki vachazivisana sei uye vachabvunzana sei, uye mutengo wevana. Simba revabereki pamwe chete rinoenderera mberi mushure mekurambana senyaya yechokwadi; kurambana hakuchinji kuti ndiani ane simba.

Dambudziko riri pachena mukurambana kwemunhu mumwe chete nderekuti chirongwa chekurera vana chinoda masiginecha maviri. Mutemo unotarisira izvi. Kana chirongwa chikasakwanisa kuburitswa zvine musoro, chikumbiro chinofanira kuratidza zvakaitwa nemunyoreri kuti asvike kune mumwe uye kuti nei chisina kubudirira, uye dare rinogona kugamuchira chikumbiro chacho rosarudza marongero acho pacharo. Humbowo hwekuedza kwechokwadi hunokosha pano: magwaro ekukumbira rubatsiro, kukokwa kwekutaurirana, mhinduro kana kunyarara kwakatevera. Mubereki anoendesa nyaya yake asina kumboedza anopa dare chikonzero chekudzosera nyaya yacho kune mumwe.

Mari yekuchengeta mwana inoverengerwa zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nemwana uye kugona kwemubereki wega wega kubhadhara, uchishandisa mwero wakagadzirwa nematare emhuri uye unovandudzwa gore rega rega. Basa rekutsigira mwana rinoenderera mberi kusvika ava nemakore gumi nemasere uye, kune vana vane makore gumi nemasere kusvika makumi maviri nerimwe vari kudzidza kana kuti vasiri kuzviriritira, rinoenderera mberi sebasa repamutemo rekupa mari yekurarama nekudzidza. Dare rinogona kusarudza mumiriri wemwana kuti anzwikwe, uye vana vane makore gumi nemaviri zvichikwira vanopiwa mukana wekutaura maonero avo vasati vaita sarudzo pamusoro pavo.

Imba, kuchengetedza uye penjeni kana pasina chibvumirano

Zvinofanira kugoverwa zvinoenderana nehurongwa hwemidziyo yemuchato. Kune vakaroorana vakaroorwa musi wa1 Ndira 2018 kana kuti mushure mayo, kusawirirana kunowanzoitwa: midziyo yaive yemumwe nemumwe vasati varoorana, uye zvipo nenhaka zvakagashirwa, zvinoramba zviri zvepachivande, nepo zvinovakwa panguva yemuchato zvichigovaniswa. Michato yakapedzwa zuva iroro isati yasvika inowira pasi pemhuri yekare yemidziyo kunze kwekunge mamiriro emuchato akabvumiranwa. Kana paine chibvumirano chemuchato usati waroorana, kurambana ndiyo nguva iyo mitemo yayo yekugadzirisa inofanira kuitwa, uye zvirevo zvisina kumboshandiswa panguva yemuchato zvinowanzokonzera gakava.

Mari yekubhadhara muwanano (partneralimentatie) inobhadharwa kana mumwe wevaimbova muwanano asina mari yakakwana uye mumwe aine mukana wekupa mari. Kubva pakatanga kugadziriswa kwemuchato musi wa1 Ndira 2020, nguva yakatarwa ihafu yehurefu hwewanano ine mwero wepamusoro wepamutemo, ine nguva yakareba yewanano refu uye yemhuri dzine vana vadiki. Mari yacho inoverengerwa zvichienderana nezvinodiwa uye kugona kubhadhara, uye ndiyo nhamba, kwete musimboti, inowanzo pikisana.

Kodzero dzepensheni dzakagadzirwa panguva yemuchato dzinoenzaniswa pasi peMutemo wePension Rights Equalisation Act (Wet verevening pensioenrechten bij scheiding), uyo unopa kodzero kune mumwe nemumwe mumhuri kuti awane hafu yepensheni yekukwegura yakawanikwa nemumwe wake panguva yemuchato. Zivisa mupi wepensheni mukati memakore maviri ekurambana, uchishandisa fomu repamutemo; mushure menguva iyoyo mupi wepensheni haachasungirwi kubhadhara mugove zvakananga uye unofanirwa kugadziriswa pakati pevakaroorana vekare ivo pachavo. Vakaroorana vanogona kubvumirana pane imwe nzira, kusanganisira kushandurwa kuita kodzero yepensheni yakazvimirira, asi izvozvo zvinoda kushandira pamwe kwemumwe murume uye, kazhinji, nemupi wepensheni.

Migumisiro yemitero yekurambana, kusanganisira kurapwa kwemari uye imba yemhuri, inofanira kuongororwa nemupi wezano wemitero. Tinoramba tichitsigira pamutemo uye tinoshanda nemupi wezano wenyu panosangana zvese izvi.

Kugadzirisa kana mumwe wako akaramba kutaura

Kupindirana kwenyaya kunoitwa nekuzvidira, uye murume kana mukadzi asingadi kurambana anowanzoramba. Handizvo zvinogumira ipapo. Kukokwa kwakanyorwa , kunyangwe kuri kurambwa, kwakakosha: kunonyora kuedza kusvika pachirongwa chekurera vana, hakudhuri zvakanyanya, uye kuramba kwacho kunowanzo bviswa kana chikumbiro chaiswa uye mamiriro acho ezvinhu ave echokwadi pane ekufungidzira.

Kana nyaya yekuyananisa ikatanga, inowanzo shanda zvakanaka pane hurongwa hushoma. Kubvumirana kutanga nehurongwa hwevana, uye kusiya chibvumirano chemari chichikurukuriranwa pakati pemagweta, kunowanzo batsira pane kuisa zvese patafura imwe chete. Chero chipi zvacho chakabvumiranwa chinogona kunyorwa muchibvumirano uye kubatanidzwa kuchikumbiro, kuitira kuti dare rizvisimbise pane kuzvisarudza.

Kurevererana kune miganhu inofanira kuzivikanwa nekukurumidza. Hazvina kukodzera kana paine kumanikidzwa kana mhirizhonga, apo mumwe wevakaroorana anovanza ruzivo rwemari, kana apo kusawirirana pakati pevaviri kwakafanana zvekuti chibvumirano hachiitwe pachena. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro kuenda kudare hakusi kukundikana kwerudo; ndiyo nzira yakakodzera.

Maitiro ekunonoka uye zvingaitwa nezvazvo

Mudzimai kana murume kana mukadzi asingadi kurambana ane nzira shoma dzekudzikisa dambudziko, uye dzese dzine mhinduro. Zvikumbiro zvekuwedzerwa kwenguva yekudzivirira zvinowanzo bvumidzwa kamwe chete, zviri nyore kechipiri. Kuramba kuburitsa ruzivo rwemari kunogona kuteverwa nemurairo wekubudisa magwaro, uye dare rine kodzero yekutora mhedziso kubva kune rimwe bato risingaatore. Kukundikana kuuya kudare hakudzivisi dare kusarudza. Kukwidza nyaya kunomisa kushanda kwesarudzo, asi kurambana pachakwo hakuwanzo dzoserwa shure pakukwidza nyaya, uye matanho echinguvana anoramba aripo panguva ino.

Kusatevedzera mutemo mushure mesarudzo kune nzira dzayo dzekugadzirisa. Kuchengetedza kusina kubhadharwa kunogona kutorwa neNational Maintenance Collection Agency (Landelijk Bureau Inning Onderhoudsbijdragen), iyo inogona kubatanidza mihoro nemari yekubatsira pasina muripo kune anogamuchira. Kuramba kushandira pamwe pakuchinjisa imba kana kusaina kuna notary kunogona kugadziriswa nekukumbira dare kuti riite chisarudzo chinotsiva siginecha isipo, kana nekubatanidza muripo wemari nguva nenguva pachisungo chekushandira pamwe. Kuvharirwa kwezvirongwa zvekutaurirana kunogona kudzoserwa kudare remhuri.

Chidzidzo chinoshanda ndechekuti kunonoka kunodhura mari kumativi ese uye hazvichinji zvakanyanya. Zvakakosha kutaura izvi zvakajeka kune mumwe wako ari kuramba, nekuti kuramba kunowanzo kuve pamusoro pekuguma kwemuchato kwete nezvemitemo, uye hapana danho rekuita richachinja magumo acho.

Kugadzirira usati waendesa faira

Unganidzai magwaro kutanga. Izvi zvinoreva gwaro remuchato nematsamba ekuzvarwa evana, chero chibvumirano chepamberi pewanano, makore matatu ekupedzisira emitero nemastatement egore, mari yekubhadhara yazvino, mastatement ebhangi, gwaro rechikwereti chemba uye kuverengwa kwemitengo yemba, mastatement epenjeni kubva kune wese anopa rubatsiro, uye kuongorora zvikwereti. Mukurambana kwemubatanidzwa, zvinhu izvi zvinosvika kana zvakumbirwa; mune imwe inokwikwidzana hazviiti, uye mumwe munhu anotanga asina izvozvo anopedza mwedzi yakawanda achiwana rubatsiro.

Funga nezveimba nekukurumidza, nekuti kazhinji ndiyo pfuma huru uye chisarudzo chakaoma kupfuura zvose. Sarudzo dzinoshanda ndeyekutengesa nekugovaniswa kwemari inowanikwa, kana mumwe wevakaroorana achitora imba nechikwereti chemba, izvo zvinoda kuti mukweretesi wemba asunungure mumwe kubva mumhosva. Kusunungurwa ikoko hakungoerekana kwaitika uye kunoenderana nemari yasara. Kana pasina chimwe chezvinhu izvi chikaitika nekukasika, hurongwa hwechinguvana hwekuti ndiani anogara ipapo uye ndiani anobhadhara chikwereti chemba hunogona kuverengerwa mumatanho echinguvana.

Pakupedzisira, tsvaga mazano usati wataura nemumwe wako pane kuti wapedza. Uchiziva kuti zvingangoitika sei pakugadzirisa imba, imba nevana zvinoshandura hurukuro inobaya mwoyo kuita hurukuro inogadziriswa, uye zvinodzivirira zvisungo zvinoitwa muvhiki yekutanga izvo zvakaoma kubvisa gare gare. Magwaro edu emutemo wemhuri anofukidza nyaya dzemunhu mumwe nemumwe zvakadzama.

Zvikanganiso zvinoita kuti kurambana kuve kwakaoma zviwedzere kuipa

Kumirira mvumo ndicho chekutanga. Hapana chikonzero chepamutemo chekumirira kuti mumwe wako auye, uye nguva yekumirira haiwanzo shandiswa kusvika pakubvumirana; inoshandiswa kunonotsa. Kusiya mhuri pamba pasina chibvumirano ndicho chechipiri: hazvirasikirwi nemuridzi, asi zvinoita kuti kudzoka kuve kwakaoma uye zvinogona kukanganisa hurongwa hwepakati hwevana.

Kupinza vana mukusawirirana ndicho chechitatu, uye chinonyanya kukuvadza. Vana vevabereki vari kurambana vanodzivirirwa nedare uye zvido zvavo ndizvo zvinonyanya kukosha muzvisarudzo pamusoro pavo; mubereki anovashandisa senzira yekutaurirana kana sechapupu chemaitiro emumwe mubereki haasi kubatsira nyaya yavo. Chechina kubvumirana kugadzirisana kwemari pasina kuziva zviri kugovaniswa. Chechina kubvisa mari mumaakaundi kana kutamisa midziyo pamberi pechikamu: zvinoteverwa, zvinofungwa nezvazvo muchikamu, uye zvinokanganisa kuvimbika pane zvimwe zvese.

Kurambana kwemunhu mumwe chete kunotora nguva yakareba sei

Mhinduro yechokwadi ndeyekuti zvinoenderana nekudzivirira. Chikumbiro chisina kupikiswa, chine hurongwa hwekurera vana kana nyaya dzekuwedzera dzasara kuti dzigadziriswe gare gare, chinogona kubatwa mumapepa mukati memwedzi. Nyaya iyo gadziriro dzevana, kuchengetedza uye kugovaniswa kwepfuma zvese zvinokakavadzana inoda kunzwiwa, dzimwe nguva kupfuura imwe chete, uye kuongororwa kwenyanzvi. Kukwidza nyaya kunowedzera imwe nhanho inoyerwa mumwedzi kwete mavhiki.

Zvinhu zviviri zvinopfupisa maitiro kupfuura chero chimwe chinhu. Chekutanga kuparadzanisa kurambana pachako kubva kune zvimwe zvinhu: dare rinogona kuzivisa kurambana uye kugadzirisa gakava rasara mushure mezvo, kuitira kuti muchato upere uku gakava pamusoro peimba richienderera mberi. Chechipiri gwaro rekubvuma, iro rinobvisa nguva yekukwidza nyaya kwemwedzi mitatu uye rinobvumira kunyoreswa nekukurumidza. Zvese zviri zviviri zvakakodzera kubvunza gweta rako pakutanga.

Kuroorana kwevanhu vasina miganhu uye kuzivikanwa kune dzimwe nyika

Kurambana kwakawanda kunoendeswa kuNetherlands kunosanganisira chimwe chinhu chekune imwe nyika: muchato unoitirwa kunze kwenyika, murume kana mukadzi ane imwe nyika, kana mukadzi kana mukadzi akasiya nyika. Hutongi huri muEuropean Union hunotongwa neBrussels IIb Regulation, iyo inobvumira dare kunzwa nyaya yekurambana zvichibva pakugara kwevakaroorana kana kwemunyoreri, kana kuti rudzi rwavo rwakafanana, zvichienderana nemamiriro ekugara. Muchato unoitirwa kunze kwenyika unogona kuputswa nedare reDutch chero bedzi uchizivikanwa pano, uye gwaro remuchato wekune imwe nyika rinowanzo fanirwa kunyoreswa zviri pamutemo kana kupihwa apostille usati wanyoreswa.

Mutemo upi unoshandiswa nedare inyaya yakasiyana. Mutemo wepasi rose weDutch unotanga kubva kumutemo weDutch wekurambana pachawo uko nyaya yacho inotongwa pano, nepo mhedzisiro yepfuma inoenderana nehurongwa hwakashandiswa pakupera kwemuchato uye pane chero sarudzo yemutemo yakaitwa nevakaroorana. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera kurambana pasi pemutemo weDutch nekugovaniswa kwepfuma pasi pemutemo wekunze, ndosaka nhoroondo yemuchato ichikosha sekero yazvino.

Kuzivikanwa kwemhedzisiro kunofanirwa kutariswa chikumbiro chisati chaendeswa pane kuti chiitwe mushure mezvo. Kurambana kunopiwa muNyika Inhengo kunotenderwa muEuropean Union yese pasina nzira yakakosha. Kunze kwaizvozvo, kutenderwa kunoenderana nemitemo yenyika yacho, uye murume kana mukadzi anoda kuroorazve kune imwe nyika kana kuti ane pfuma ikoko anofanira kutanga ataura zvinodiwa nenyika iyoyo. Kana paine muchato wechitendero pamwe chete newepamutemo, kurambana kwepamutemo hakuuparadzi, uye kushandira pamwe kunodiwa kuti pave nekurambana kwechitendero kunogona kuitwa chikamu chekugadzirisa.

Zvinodhura zvakadii kurambana kwemunhu mumwe chete

Mari yekurambana inoumbwa nemari yegweta rako, muripo wedare (griffierecht), muripo wedare remhosva wekupa chikumbiro, uye kana pfuma ichibatanidzwa, kuyera mutengo nemari yemagwaro emutemo. Mari yedare yakatarwa nemutemo, inosiyana zvichienderana nemari inowanikwa uye inogadziriswa gore rega rega, saka muripo unoshanda unofanirwa kuongororwa zvichienderana netafura iripo yakaburitswa nedare reNetherlands pane kutorwa kubva pane chero chinhu. Nyaya inokwikwidzana inodhura zvakanyanya kupfuura isina kupikiswa, uye chinhu chikuru chinokonzera mutengo huwandu hwenyaya dziri kumhan'arwa kwete kugadziriswa.

Rubatsiro rwemutemo runotsigirwa nerubatsiro (gefinancierde rechtsbijstand) runowanikwa kuvanhu vane mari yavo nezvinhu zvavo zviri pasi pemiganhu inoshandiswa neLegal Aid Board (Raad voor Rechtsbijstand), zvichienderana nemupiro wemunhu. Miganho iyoyo nemipiro inoiswa gore rega rega. Law & More haaite zvinhu zvichibva parubatsiro rwemutemo runotsigirwa nerubatsiro; Juridisch Loket inogona kukutungamira kumakambani anoita izvozvo.

Mibvunzo inowanzo bvunzwa nezvekurambana kwemunhu mumwe chete