Kusarudza kambani yemutemo wemhuri yekurambana kwakaoma muNetherlands kunobva pazvinhu zvitatu: kana kambani ichishanda nemutemo wemhuri senzira huru kwete senzira yekudzivirira, kana ichigona kushanda nechinhu chipi zvacho chinoita kuti nyaya yacho ive yakaoma, uye kana ichigona kushanda mumutauro unonyatsonzwisiswa nemutengi. Kurambana kunova kwakaoma kana kunosanganisira kuva nebhizinesi, midziyo yakawanda kana kuti yakabatana, kodzero dzepenjeni, kana gakava rechokwadi pamusoro pevana. Chimwe nechimwe cheizvi chinopa mutemo wakasiyana, uye mutengo wekutadza mumwe wavo pakutanga unowanzova wakakwira kupfuura mutengo wezano.
Gwaro iri rinotsanangura zvinoita kuti kurambana kuve kwakaoma pamutemo pasi pemitemo yeDutch neEuropean, zvinodiwa nekambani kuti ikwanise kuita mumamiriro ezvinhu ese iwayo, uye zvekubvunza usati waraira chero ani zvake. Rakanyorwa kuvanhu vanosarudza wekuraira, kwete kuti vapikisane nezvesarudzo chaiyo.
Chii chinoita kuti kurambana kuve kwakaoma pasi pemutemo weDutch
Kurambana kwakawanda muNetherlands hakuna kuoma. Kana vakaroorana vakabvumirana, hapana vana vari pasi pemakore gumi nemasere uye hapana zvinhu zvakakosha, nyaya yacho inyaya yekunyora nekuisa magwaro. Kuoma kwacho kunobva pazvinhu chaizvo, uye zvakakosha kuziva kuti ndiani wavo anonyorera asati atsvaga gweta rekurambana , nekuti ndivo vanoona kuti nyaya yacho inoda kambani yerudzii.
- Kuva muridzi webhizinesi: migove muBV, chimiro chedirecteur-grootaandeelhouder (DGA), chikamu chemubatanidzwa, kana kambani yemhuri umo zvizvarwa zvinopfuura chimwe zvine chikamu.
- Midziyo yakakura kana kuti inokwikwidzana: dzimba, mapotifoliyo ekudyara mari, dzimba dzechipiri kunze kwenyika, kana maakaundi nemidziyo munzvimbo dzinopfuura imwe chete.
- Kodzero dzepenjeni: penjeni yebasa inofanira kuenzaniswa, penjeni inowanikwa mukambani yemurume kana mukadzi, kana kodzero dzakavakirwa nevashandirwi vekune dzimwe nyika.
- Chinhu chepasi rose: vakaroorana vanobva kunyika dzakasiyana, muchato wakaitwa kunze kwenyika, kutamira kuNetherlands kana kubva ikoko munguva pfupi yapfuura, kana hurongwa hwemumwe wevakaroorana hwekusiya imba.
- Gakava pamusoro pevana: pekugara, kugoverwa kwevana vanochengetwa, kutamira kune dzimwe nyika, kana njodzi yekuti mwana abviswe kuNetherlands pasina mvumo.
- Maumbirwo emari inoramba kuverenga zviri nyore: muhoro pamwe chete ne dividends, mabhonasi, share options kana mari inochinja-chinja zvichienderana nebhizinesi.
Zvinhu izvi zvinogovana. Kurambana kweDGA nemurume kana mukadzi wekune imwe nyika nevana hakusi matambudziko matatu akasiyana asi dambudziko rimwe chete umo chinhu chimwe nechimwe chinodzvinyirira mamwe, uye kutevedzana kwazvinoitwa kunokosha. Nyaya yedu pamusoro pekurambana kwakakosha muNetherlands inotaura zvakadzama nezve divi repfuma.
Mitemo inosarudza kurambana kwevanhu vasina kuroorana
Kana vaviri vacho vaine hukama hwenyika dzakasiyana-siyana, mibvunzo yekutanga haisi yezvakanakira nyaya yacho asi yedare ripi rinogona kunzwa nyaya yacho uye mutemo wenyika ipi waichashandiswa. Kukanganisa uku ndiko kukanganisa kusingagadziriswe gare gare, nekuti kurambana kwakapihwa nedare rine simba kune imwe nzvimbo kwakaoma uye kunodhura kugadzirisa.
Simba rekurambana uye mutoro wekuva mubereki rinotongwa neMutemo (EU) 2019/1111, unozivikanwa seBrussels IIb, uyo wave kushanda kubvira 1 Nyamavhuvhu 2022. Dare reDutch rinowanzova nesimba rekurambana kana kuti mupomerwi anogara muNetherlands, uye mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu akatarwa muMutemo. Kana paine nyika dzinopfuura imwe chete dzine simba rekurambana, dare rinotanga ratorwa, ndosaka nguva yekukumbira nyaya ichigona kuva sarudzo yakanaka uye nei mumwe murume kana mukadzi anofungidzira kuti nyaya dzacho dzave kuda kuendeswa kunze kwenyika achida mazano nekukurumidza.
Mutemo unoshanda pakurambana pachawo unotsanangurwa neMutemo (EU) Nhamba 1259/2010, Rome III. Vakaroorana vanogona kusarudza mutemo unoshanda mukati memiganhu inoiswa neMutemo, uye kana pasina sarudzo, mutemo wenyika yekugara pamwe chete unoshanda pakutanga. Kune vaviri vanogara muNetherlands, mutemo uyu unowanzova weDutch, asi kwete nguva dzose.
Pfuma yewanano inyaya yakasiyana zvakare. Kune vakaroorana vakaroorana musi wa29 Ndira 2019 kana kuti mushure mayo, Mutemo (EU) 2016/1103 unosarudza kuti mutemo wepfuma yewanano wenyika ipi unoshanda; kune vakaroorana vekare chinzvimbo ichi chinotongwa neHague Convention ya1978 kana nemitemo yekare yekusawirirana kweDutch, zvichienderana nezuva remuchato. Mari yekuchengetedza haina kufukidzwa neBrussels IIb zvachose: kutonga, kuzivikanwa uye kusimbiswa kwezvisungo zvekuchengetedza zvinowira pasi peMutemo (EC) Nhamba 4/2009 uye mutemo unoshanda pasi pe2007 Hague Protocol. Chekupedzisira, kana mwana akaendeswa kunze kwenyika asina mvumo yemumwe mubereki, Mutemo weHague Child Abduction Convention wa1980 unoshanda uye maitiro awo anofamba nekukurumidza.
Pfungwa inoshanda ndeyekuti zvibvumirano zvina zvakasiyana zvinogona kushanda pakurambana kumwe chete, chimwe nechimwe chine chinobatanidza chazvo, uye kambani isina ruzivo rwechokwadi rwemutemo wepasi rose haizozvizivise pamusangano wekutanga, uye kana zvichikosha.
Midziyo yewanano nemidziyo yebhizinesi
Kana mutemo wemidziyo yewanano yeDutch uchishanda, pokutangira panoenderana nekuti muchato wapera riini. Kune vakaroorana vakapinzwa musi wa1 Ndira 2018 kana kuti mushure mayo, mutemo wekusaita zvikanganiso ndewekuti midziyo yemumwe nemumwe yaivepo vasati varoorana, uye izvo zvinogamuchirwa nechipo kana nhaka, zvinoramba zviri zvepachivande, nepo zvinovakwa panguva yemuchato zvichiwira munharaunda. Michato yakapedzwa isati yasvika zuva iroro, kana pasina mamiriro ekuroorana, ichiri kutongwa nekambani yekare yemidziyo, iyo inenge zvese zvinogovaniswa. Chinyorwa chedu pamusoro pemidziyo yemidziyo inotsanangura musiyano uye kuchengetwa kwezvinyorwa kunoda.
Mamiriro emuchato asati aroora kana kuti mushure memuchato (huwelijkse voorwaarden) anobvisa kusabhadhara, uye mukurambana kwakaoma kazhinji ndiwo gwaro rekutanga kuverenga. Matambudziko maviri anodzoka. Chekutanga chikamu chekubhadhara (verrekenbeding) chisina kumboitwa: apo vakaroorana vanobvumirana gore rega rega kubhadhara mari yasara yemari yavo uye vasina kumbobvira vaita izvozvo, mutemo unopa fungidziro yekuti midziyo iripo pakupera kwemuchato inofanira kugovaniswa, izvo zvinogona kuunza mhedzisiro iri pedyo nenharaunda yakazara pasinei nechibvumirano. Chechipiri kuvhiringidzika pakati pemari yemunhu neyavanhu mushure memakore ekufambisa mari pakati pemaakaundi, izvo zvinomutsa zvikumbiro zvekudzoserwa mari (vergoedingsrechten) izvo zvinofanirwa kuteverwa uye kuratidzwa.
Midziyo yebhizinesi inowedzera mubvunzo wekuyera mutengo pamusoro pewemutemo. Kuve nemasheya kunofanirwa kukosheswa panguva yakatarwa uye pahwaro hwakatarwa, uye sarudzo yenzira inochinja zvakanyanya mhedzisiro. Basa iroro rinoitwa nemuongorori wemari kana muongorori wezvemitemo, kwete negweta, asi gweta rinoronga murairo, uye murairo usingatsanangure zuva rekuyera mutengo, mwero wekukosha uye mabatirwo epurofiti yakachengetwa zvinoburitsa mushumo usingagone kushandiswa. Kana kambani iine kodzero yepensheni yeDGA, kana apo mumwe murume kana mukadzi ane chikumbiro kukambani pane kupikisa migove, nyaya dzemutemo wemhuri nemutemo wekambani hadzigone kuparadzaniswa zvine musoro.
Migumisiro yemitero inotevera zvinenge zvese zvakasarudzwa nezvebhizinesi kana imba pakurambana, uye ndeyaanopa mazano emitero kwete gweta. Chinofanira kuitwa negweta ndechekuratidza nguva uye kuona kuti chibvumirano hachina kusainirwa usati waongorora mamiriro emitero, nekuti kurongeka kwenyaya yacho kwakaoma kudzoserwa shure mushure mezvo.
Kodzero dzepenjeni pakurambana
Pension yebasa inobatwa zvakasiyana nezvimwe zvinhu. Pasi pePension Rights Equalisation (Divorce) Act (Wet verevening pensioenrechten bij scheiding, WVPS) mumwe nemumwe ane kodzero yekuwana hafu yepension yezera rekare imwe yakawanikwa panguva yemuchato. Kuenzana hakusi kwega kwega mupfungwa inoshanda: mupi wepension anongofanira kubhadhara mumwe wake ane kodzero zvakananga kana zvikaziviswa mukati menguva yakatarwa mushure mekurambana, uye kana nguva iyoyo ikasatorwa, chikwereti chinosara kune wekare akaroora kana kuroorwa asi chinofanira kutorwa kubva kumunhu iyeye kwete kubva muhomwe. Vakaroorana vanogonawo kubvumirana kubva paMutemo, kushandura kodzero yacho kuita kodzero yepension yakazvimirira, kana kubvisa kuenzana zvachose, uye chero chibvumirano chakadaro chinofanira kutaurwa mumamiriro ezvinhu epamberi pewanano kana chibvumirano chekurambana.
Mutemo wekutsiva WVPS nehurongwa hwekushandura hutongi hweWet pensioenverdeling bij scheiding 2022, wakatangwa muna 2019 asi hausati wagadzwa. Kusvika wapasiswa uye watanga kushanda nemutemo wehumambo, WVPS inoramba ichishanda zvizere. Chero ani zvake anoverenga kuti hurongwa hutsva hwekugoverwa kwepensheni hwavapo anofanira kubata chirevo ichi nekungwarira uye kutarisa mamiriro aripo iye zvino asati avimba nacho.
Mamiriro maviri anoda kutariswa nenyanzvi: penjeni inowanikwa mukambani yemurume/mukadzi, izvo zvinomutsa mibvunzo nezvekukwanisa kwekambani kubhadhara uye nezvemvumo yemumwe mukadzi, uye penjeni inounganidzwa nevashandirwi vekune dzimwe nyika, uko WVPS ingasasvika pakodzero yacho zvachose uye chinzvimbo chinoenderana nemutemo nemitemo yenyika iri kutaurwa nezvayo.
Zvekutsvaga mukambani yemutemo yemhuri yeDutch
Zvinodiwa zvinokosha zvinotevera zvakananga kubva pane zvinoita kuti nyaya yacho ive yakaoma, uye zvakakodzera kuongororwa pane kungofungidzira.
Tanga watsvaga hunyanzvi hwechokwadi. Mutemo wemhuri unofanira kuva nzvimbo huru yekushanda kwemagweta ayo achabata faira racho, kwete imwe yenzvimbo gumi nembiri dzakanyorwa paprofile. Hunyanzvi hunoratidza mukuzivana nemapoka emhuri ematare akakodzera, muhukama hwakasimbiswa hwekushanda nevaongorori vemari, maakaunzi ezvekuferefeta uye vaongorori vemari, uye mukuziva nekukurumidza kuti ndeapi matambudziko munyaya achakwikwidzwa. Mamwe magweta emhuri ekuDutch nhengo dzesangano rezvemitemo yemhuri revFAS kana kuti vane hunyanzvi hunozivikanwa, hunova chiratidzo chinobatsira asi kwete chinogadzirisa nyaya.
Kana bhizinesi riine chekuita nebhizinesi, bvunza kana kugona kwemutemo wekambani kuri mukati mekambani. Kurambana kunokanganisa kukosha kwemasheya, pachibvumirano chevane masheya kana paaccount yechikwereti pakati pemurume nemukadzi nekambani kunoda kuti zvikoro zvese zvishande kubva pafaira rimwe chete. Kuendesa mibvunzo yekambani kune mupi wezano wekunze kunoshanda asi kunononoka, uye kunowanzo buritsa mazano anopindura mubvunzo wega wega nemazvo ari ega.
Panyaya dzepasi rose, bvunzai nezveruzivo rwemutemo wepasi rose wepachivande kwete nezvevatengi vepasi rose. Kambani inogona kunge iine vatengi vakawanda vekune dzimwe nyika asi ichiri kubata kurambana kwevanhu vekuNetherlands chete. Mubvunzo wakakosha ndewekuti kambani iyi yakambotaura nezvesimba remutemo uye mutemo unoshanda here, uye kuti yakambofambisa here kana kudzivirira nyaya dziri pasi pe1980 Hague Convention kana vana vachigona kuendeswa kunze kwenyika.
Mutauro chinhu chinodiwa, kwete kuti zvive nyore. Nyaya dzechiDutch dzinoitwa muchiDutch, uye mutengi asingakwanise kuverenga zvirevo zvechinzvimbo zvakaiswa panzvimbo yake haakwanise kugadzirisa chokwadi chiri mazviri. Mazano, kunyora uye tsananguro yezvinoitika pakunzwa kwenyaya zvinofanirwa kuwanikwa mumutauro waanonyatsoziva.
Chekupedzisira, funga kuti ndiani achaita basa racho. Makambani makuru anoshanda zvizere anopa ruzivo rwakakura, asi nyaya dzemhuri dzinoita kuti pave nemari shoma pane kutengeserana kwemakambani, uye mafaira anowanzo tumirwa kune vamwe. Makambani epakati ane dhipatimendi remhuri rakatsaurirwa, uye zvitoro zvehunyanzvi, anowanzo batsira vakuru. Chinonyanya kukosha hachisi hukuru hwekambani asi kuzivikanwa uye ruzivo rwegweta richapinda mudare.
Maitiro ekuongorora kambani usati wairaira
Madhairekitori akadai seThe Legal 500 neChambers and Partners ndiwo mavambo, kunyangwe nhau dzavo dzekuDutch dzakanangana nemabasa makuru ekutengeserana uye nzvimbo dzakawanda dzemutemo wemhuri hadzionekwi maari. Mapuratifomu ekuongorora akazvimiririra anopa pfungwa yekutaurirana uye kupindura, izvo zvakakosha, asi haawanzo kusiyanisa pakati pekurambana kwakananga nekwakakwikwidzana kwenyika dzese. Hapana kana imwe yenzvimbo idzi inotsiva hurukuro.
Shandisa musangano wekutanga sekuongorora. Kambani yakagadzirira nyaya yacho ichabvunza mibvunzo yakanangana nayo isati yapa chero pfungwa: kuti muchato wakaitika riini uye kupi, kana paine mamiriro ezvinhu asati aroorana uye zvavanotaura, kuti midziyo nemari zvakamira sei, kuti mumwe nemumwe anogara kupi uye kuti ndewerudzii, uye kuti chinzvimbo chake ndechei pavana. Nzira ine chivimbo inopiwa usati waziva chokwadi ichocho inotaura zvakawanda nezvekambani kupfuura chero bhuku ripi zvaro.
Bvunza zvakananga nezvezvakaitika zvakafanana, uye kuti ndiani akagadzirisa nyaya idzodzo. Bvunza kuti kambani iyi iri kuronga sei kusvika panyaya iyi, uye kana ichiona kutaurirana kana kuti kugadzirisana kwakabvumiranwa sekwechokwadi, nekuti nzira inokakavadzana yaigona kudziviswa ndiyo inonyanya kudhura pakurambana chero kupi zvako. Chenjerera chero kufanotaura kwemhedzisiro: mumutemo wemhuri dare rinochengeta kutonga kwakakura, uye gweta rinovimbisa mhedzisiro harina ruzivo rwechokwadi kana kuti rinoudza mutengi zvaanoda kunzwa.
Mari uye kuti dzinobhadharwa sei
Bvunzai kuti muripo wekubhadhara wakanyorwa sei musati marayira. Magweta emhuri ekuDutch anowanzo shanda nemutengo weawa imwe neimwe, dzimwe nguva nemari yakatarwa yechikamu chebasa chakadai sechibvumirano chekugadzirisa kana chikumbiro chisina kupikiswa. Tsamba yekuvimbisana inofanira kutaura mutengo, kuti ndiani mumwe angashanda pafaira uye mutengo upi, kuti mari inobhadharwa inobatwa sei, uye kuti mabhiri anoburitswa kangani.
Mari yedare (griffierecht) yakasiyana nemari yedare (griffierecht), iyo inotarwa gore rega rega nemutemo, uye mutengo wechero nyanzvi: muongorori wemari, muongorori wezvemitemo, nyanzvi yezvemari kana muturikiri. Mukurambana kwebhizinesi, mari yenyanzvi inogona kusvika pamari yepamutemo, uye mubvunzo wekuti ndiani anobhadhara nyanzvi, uye kana mapato acho achadzidzisa imwe pamwe chete, inofanira kugadziriswa nekukurumidza pane kukakavadzana nezvazvo gare gare. Vatengi vane mari shoma vanogona kukodzera rubatsiro rwemutemo runotsigirwa kuburikidza neRaad voor Rechtsbijstand, zvichienderana nemari inowanikwa uye mari inoburitswa nesangano iroro. Ongororo yedu yemutengo wekurambana muNetherlands inotsanangura zvinhu zvakadzama.
Munyaya dzemhuri dzechiDutch, bato rega rega rinowanzobhadhara mari yaro yepamutemo, uye muripo wekubhadhara mari kune mumwe murume kana mukadzi hausi wega. Izvozvo zvinofanira kutariswa pachisarudzo chipi zvacho chekumhan'arira nyaya pane kuigadzirisa.
Mutemo wemhuri pa Law & More
Law & More ikambani yemagweta yekuNetherlands ine mahofisi mu Eindhoven uye AmsterdamChikwata chedu chemutemo wemhuri chinomiririra vatengi muNetherlands yese, kusanganisira vatengi vanofamba-famba pasi rese nevatengi vanogara kunze kwenyika vari mumatare edzimhosva eDutch, uye vanoshanda muchiDutch neChirungu pamwe nemimwe mitauro yakati wandei.
Basa iri rinobata nekugoverwa kwemidziyo yewanano, kusanganisira dzimba, mari yekudyara uye midziyo yemunyika dzakasiyana; kurambana kunosanganisira kuva muridzi webhizinesi uye zvivakwa zveDGA, nemazano emutemo wemakambani kubva mukati mekambani; mibvunzo yekutonga uye mutemo unoshanda mukurambana kwenyika dzese; simba revabereki, gadziriro dzekuchengeta uye hurongwa hwekurera vana ; kuchengetedza vadikani nemwana uko chimiro chemari chisiri muhoro uri nyore; uye kuyananisa uko mapato anoda kugadzirisa pane kumhan'ara.
Kana muchisarudza kuti ndiani wekudzidzisa, munogamuchirwa kutibata kuti tikurukure nyaya yacho uye zvingangosanganisira, kuitira kuti mugone kuenzanisa kubva pane zviri mukati kwete kubva pane peji reprofile.
Mibvunzo inowanzobvunzwa
Kurambana kwakaoma kunotora nguva yakareba sei muNetherlands?
Kurambana kusina kupikiswa kunowanzopera mukati memavhiki matanhatu kusvika gumi nemaviri. Nyaya dzakaoma dzinosanganisira kugoverwa kwemidziyo, zvido zvebhizinesi, kana gakava rechiremera chevabereki zvinowanzotora mwedzi mitanhatu kusvika gumi nemisere, zvichienderana nekuwanikwa kwedare uye huwandu hwenyaya dzinopikiswa. Kubvumirana kwekutanga pazvinhu zvikuru kuburikidza nekuyananisa kunogona kuderedza zvakanyanya nguva nemitengo.
Zvine basa here kuti mutemo wenyika ipi unoshanda pakurambana kwangu nemurume wekuNetherlands?
Ehe. Mutemo weRome III unodzora mutemo wemhuri wenyika ipi unoshanda kana vakaroorana vaine nyika dzakasiyana kana kuti vakambogara munyika dzakasiyana. Kune vazhinji vanogara kunze kwenyika vanogara muNetherlands, mutemo weDutch unoshanda nekusaita - asi vakaroorana vanogona kusarudza chibvumirano chemutemo pachine nguva, uye mutemo unoshanda unokanganisa kugoverwa kwemidziyo, kuchengetedza, uye kodzero dzepensheni. Nyanzvi yemutemo wemhuri yepasi rose inofanira kuongorora izvi pakutanga.
Ndingarambana here muNetherlands kana ndakaroorwa kune imwe nyika?
Ehe. Matare eDutch ane simba pamusoro penyaya dzekurambana kana iwe kana mukadzi wako muchigara muNetherlands. Nyika yakaroorwa haina basa nekutonga.
Chii chinonzi chirongwa chekurera vana (ouderschapsplan) uye chinodiwa here?
Chirongwa chekurera vana chibvumirano chakanyorwa chinotsanangura kuti vabereki vanorambana vachagovana sei mabasa ekuva vabereki. Kubva musi wa1 Kurume 2009, zvave zvichidikanwa pasi peChikamu 815 cheMutemo weMaitiro eVanhu pese pavanorambana vakaroorana vaine vana vadiki pamwe chete, zvichireva vana vari pasi pemakore gumi nemasere. Chirongwa ichi chinofanira kutarisana nehurongwa hwekuchengeta nekugara, mipiro yemari, uye kutaurirana pakati pevabereki panyaya dzine chekuita nevana.
Izvozvo Law & More kutonga nyaya dzemhuri kunze Eindhoven uye Amsterdam?
Ehe. Law & More inoshanda kubva kumahofisi ari mu Eindhoven uye Amsterdam uye inotonga nyaya dzemutemo wemhuri muNetherlands yese. Kambani iyi inobatsirawo vatengi vekune dzimwe nyika vari kunze kwenyika vari muchikamu chenyaya dziri kumatare edzimhosva eNetherlands.
